| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- O’Reilly, Catherine M., et al.
(författare)
-
Rapid and highly variable warming of lake surface waters around the globe
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 42:24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this first worldwide synthesis of in situ and satellite-derived lake data, we find that lake summer surface water temperatures rose rapidly (global mean = 0.34°C decade−1) between 1985 and 2009. Our analyses show that surface water warming rates are dependent on combinations of climate and local characteristics, rather than just lake location, leading to the counterintuitive result that regional consistency in lake warming is the exception, rather than the rule. The most rapidly warming lakes are widely geographically distributed, and their warming is associated with interactions among different climatic factors—from seasonally ice-covered lakes in areas where temperature and solar radiation are increasing while cloud cover is diminishing (0.72°C decade−1) to ice-free lakes experiencing increases in air temperature and solar radiation (0.53°C decade−1). The pervasive and rapid warming observed here signals the urgent need to incorporate climate impacts into vulnerability assessments and adaptation efforts for lakes.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Evren, E, et al.
(författare)
-
CD116+ fetal precursors migrate to the perinatal lung and give rise to human alveolar macrophages
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 219:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite their importance in lung health and disease, it remains unknown how human alveolar macrophages develop early in life. Here we define the ontogeny of human alveolar macrophages from embryonic progenitors in vivo, using a humanized mouse model expressing human cytokines (MISTRG mice). We identified alveolar macrophage progenitors in human fetal liver that expressed the GM-CSF receptor CD116 and the transcription factor MYB. Transplantation experiments in MISTRG mice established a precursor–product relationship between CD34−CD116+ fetal liver cells and human alveolar macrophages in vivo. Moreover, we discovered circulating CD116+CD64−CD115+ macrophage precursors that migrated from the liver to the lung. Similar precursors were present in human fetal lung and expressed the chemokine receptor CX3CR1. Fetal CD116+CD64− macrophage precursors had a proliferative gene signature, outcompeted adult precursors in occupying the perinatal alveolar niche, and developed into functional alveolar macrophages. The discovery of the fetal alveolar macrophage progenitor advances our understanding of human macrophage origin and ontogeny.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Afzali, Maryam, et al.
(författare)
-
Cumulant expansion with localization: A new representation of the diffusion MRI signal
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroimaging. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2813-1193. ; 1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffusion MR is sensitive to the microstructural features of a sample. Fine-scale characteristics can be probed by employing strong diffusion gradients while the low b-value regime is determined by the cumulants of the distribution of particle displacements. A signal representation based on the cumulants, however, suffers from a finite convergence radius and cannot represent the ‘localization regime' characterized by a stretched exponential decay that emerges at large gradient strengths. Here, we propose a new representation for the diffusion MR signal. Our method provides not only a robust estimate of the first three cumulants but also a meaningful extrapolation of the entire signal decay.
|
|
| 10. |
- Alisjahbana, A, et al.
(författare)
-
CD5 Surface Expression Marks Intravascular Human Innate Lymphoid Cells That Have a Distinct Ontogeny and Migrate to the Lung
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 12, s. 752104-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) contribute to immune defense, yet it is poorly understood how ILCs develop and are strategically positioned in the lung. This applies especially to human ILCs due to the difficulty of studying them in vivo. Here we investigated the ontogeny and migration of human ILCs in vivo with a humanized mouse model (“MISTRG”) expressing human cytokines. In addition to known tissue-resident ILC subsets, we discovered CD5-expressing ILCs that predominantly resided within the lung vasculature and in the circulation. CD5+ ILCs contained IFNγ-producing mature ILC1s as well as immature ILCs that produced ILC effector cytokines under polarizing conditions in vitro. CD5+ ILCs had a distinct ontogeny compared to conventional CD5- ILCs because they first appeared in the thymus, spleen and liver rather than in the bone marrow after transplantation of MISTRG mice with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Due to their strategic location, human CD5+ ILCs could serve as blood-borne sentinels, ready to be recruited into the lung to respond to environmental challenges. This work emphasizes the uniqueness of human CD5+ ILCs in terms of their anatomical localization and developmental origin compared to well-studied CD5- ILCs.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Hutchinson, Elizabeth B., et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of the Effects of Noise, DWI Sampling, and Value of Assumed Parameters in Diffusion MRI Models
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. - : WILEY. - 0740-3194 .- 1522-2594. ; 78:5, s. 1767-1780
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study was a systematic evaluation across different and prominent diffusion MRI models to better understand the ways in which scalar metrics are influenced by experimental factors, including experimental design (diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI] sampling) and noise. Methods: Four diffusion MRI models-diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), mean apparent propagator MRI (MAP-MRI), and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI)-were evaluated by comparing maps and histogram values of the scalar metrics generated using DWI datasets obtained in fixed mouse brain with different noise levels and DWI sampling complexity. Additionally, models were fit with different input parameters or constraints to examine the consequences of model fitting procedures. Results: Experimental factors affected all models and metrics to varying degrees. Model complexity influenced sensitivity to DWI sampling and noise, especially for metrics reporting nonGaussian information. DKI metrics were highly susceptible to noise and experimental design. The influence of fixed parameter selection for the NODDI model was found to be considerable, as was the impact of initial tensor fitting in the MAP-MRI model. Conclusion: Across DTI, DKI, MAP-MRI, and NODDI, a wide range of dependence on experimental factors was observed that elucidate principles and practical implications for advanced diffusion MRI. (C) 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
|
|
| 14. |
- Melo-Gonzalez, F, et al.
(författare)
-
Antigen-presenting ILC3 regulate T cell-dependent IgA responses to colonic mucosal bacteria
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 216:4, s. 728-742
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intestinal immune homeostasis is dependent upon tightly regulated and dynamic host interactions with the commensal microbiota. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) produced by mucosal B cells dictates the composition of commensal bacteria residing within the intestine. While emerging evidence suggests the majority of IgA is produced innately and may be polyreactive, mucosal-dwelling species can also elicit IgA via T cell–dependent mechanisms. However, the mechanisms that modulate the magnitude and quality of T cell–dependent IgA responses remain incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) regulate steady state interactions between T follicular helper cells (TfH) and B cells to limit mucosal IgA responses. ILC3 used conserved migratory cues to establish residence within the interfollicular regions of the intestinal draining lymph nodes, where they act to limit TfH responses and B cell class switching through antigen presentation. The absence of ILC3-intrinsic antigen presentation resulted in increased and selective IgA coating of bacteria residing within the colonic mucosa. Together these findings implicate lymph node resident, antigen-presenting ILC3 as a critical regulatory checkpoint in the generation of T cell–dependent colonic IgA and suggest ILC3 act to maintain tissue homeostasis and mutualism with the mucosal-dwelling commensal microbiota.
|
|
| 15. |
- Witherspoon, Velencia J., et al.
(författare)
-
Novel pore size-controlled, susceptibility matched, 3D-printed MRI phantoms
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. - : WILEY. - 0740-3194 .- 1522-2594.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeWe report the design concept and fabrication of MRI phantoms, containing blocks of aligned microcapillaires that can be stacked into larger arrays to construct diameter distribution phantoms or fractured, to create a "powder-averaged" emulsion of randomly oriented blocks for vetting or calibrating advanced MRI methods, that is, diffusion tensor imaging, AxCaliber MRI, MAP-MRI, and multiple pulsed field gradient or double diffusion-encoded microstructure imaging methods. The goal was to create a susceptibility-matched microscopically anisotropic but macroscopically isotropic phantom with a ground truth diameter that could be used to vet advanced diffusion methods for diameter determination in fibrous tissues.MethodsTwo-photon polymerization, a novel three-dimensional printing method is used to fabricate blocks of capillaries. Double diffusion encoding methods were employed and analyzed to estimate the expected MRI diameter.ResultsSusceptibility-matched microcapillary blocks or modules that can be assembled into large-scale MRI phantoms have been fabricated and measured using advanced diffusion methods, resulting in microscopic anisotropy and random orientation.ConclusionThis phantom can vet and calibrate various advanced MRI methods and multiple pulsed field gradient or diffusion-encoded microstructure imaging methods. We demonstrated that two double diffusion encoding methods underestimated the ground truth diameter.
|
|
