| 1. |
- Araújo, Susana, et al.
(författare)
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Lexical and sublexical orthographic processing: An ERP study with skilled and dyslexic adult readers.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 141, s. 16-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This ERP study investigated the cognitive nature of the P1-N1 components during orthographic processing. We used an implicit reading task with various types of stimuli involving different amounts of sublexical or lexical orthographic processing (words, pseudohomophones, pseudowords, nonwords, and symbols), and tested average and dyslexic readers. An orthographic regularity effect (pseudowords-nonwords contrast) was observed in the average but not in the dyslexic group. This suggests an early sensitivity to the dependencies among letters in word-forms that reflect orthographic structure, while the dyslexic brain apparently fails to be appropriately sensitive to these complex features. Moreover, in the adults the N1-response may already reflect lexical access: (i) the N1 was sensitive to the familiar vs. less familiar orthographic sequence contrast; (ii) and early effects of the phonological form (words-pseudohomophones contrast) were also found. Finally, the later N320 component was attenuated in the dyslexics, suggesting suboptimal processing in later stages of phonological analysis.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Inácio, Filomena, et al.
(författare)
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Implicit sequence learning is preserved in dyslexic children
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annals of Dyslexia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0736-9387 .- 1934-7243. ; 68:1, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the implicit sequence learning abilities of dyslexic children using an artificial grammar learning task with an extended exposure period. Twenty children with developmental dyslexia participated in the study and were matched with two control groups—one matched for age and other for reading skills. During 3 days, all participants performed an acquisition task, where they were exposed to colored geometrical forms sequences with an underlying grammatical structure. On the last day, after the acquisition task, participants were tested in a grammaticality classification task. Implicit sequence learning was present in dyslexic children, as well as in both control groups, and no differences between groups were observed. These results suggest that implicit learning deficits per se cannot explain the characteristic reading difficulties of the dyslexics.
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| 4. |
- Martins, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Atypical moral judgements following traumatic brain injury
- 2012
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Ingår i: Judgment and Decision Making. - 1930-2975. ; 7:4, s. 478-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown an association between emotions, particularly social emotions, and moral judgments. Some studies suggested an association between blunted emotion and the utilitarian moral judgments observed in patients with prefrontal lesions. In order to investigate how prefrontal brain damage affects moral judgment, we asked a sample of 29 TBI patients (12 females and 17 males) and 41 healthy participants (16 females and 25 males) to judge 22 hypothetical dilemmas split into three different categories (non-moral, impersonal and personal moral). The TBI group presented a higher proportion of affirmative (utilitarian) responses for personal moral dilemmas when compared to controls, suggesting an atypical pattern of utilitarian judgements. We also found a negative association between the performance on recognition of social emotions and the proportion of affirmative responses on personal moral dilemmas. These results suggested that the preference for utilitarian responses in this type of dilemmas is accompanied by difficulties in social emotion recognition. Overall, our findings suggest that deontological moral judgments are associated with normal social emotion processing and that frontal lobe plays an important role in both emotion and moral judgment.
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| 5. |
- Martins, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in social emotion recognition following traumatic frontal lobe injury
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neural Regeneration Research. - 1673-5374 .- 1876-7958. ; 7:2, s. 101-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in social and emotional behaviour have been consistently observed in patients withtraumatic brain injury. These changes are associated with emotion recognition deficits whichrepresent one of the major barriers to a successful familiar and social reintegration. In the presentstudy, 32 patients with traumatic brain injury, involving the frontal lobe, and 41 age- andeducation-matched healthy controls were analyzed. A Go/No-Go task was designed, where eachparticipant had to recognize faces representing three social emotions (arrogance, guilt andjealousy). Results suggested that ability to recognize two social emotions (arrogance and jealousy)was significantly reduced in patients with traumatic brain injury, indicating frontal lesion can reduceemotion recognition ability. In addition, the analysis of the results for hemispheric lesion location(right, left or bilateral) suggested the bilateral lesion sub-group showed a lower accuracy on allsocial emotions.
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| 6. |
- Martins, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Traumatic brain injury patients : does frontal brain lesion influence basic emotion recognition?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychology & Neuroscience. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1984-3054 .- 1983-3288. ; 4:3, s. 377-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adequate emotion recognition is relevant to individuals' interpersonal communication. Patients with frontal traumatic brain injury (TBI) exhibit a lower response to facial emotional stimuli, influencing social interactions. In this sense, the main goal of the current study was to assess the ability of TBI patients in recognizing basic emotions. Photographs of facial expressions of five basic emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, and surprise) were presented to 32 TBI patients and 41 healthy controls. Emotion recognition was measured by accuracy and reaction time. Overall performance of the TBI group was poorer than control group for emotion recognition, both in terms of accuracy and reaction time. It is suggested that TBI patients show impairment on emotion recognition, and this relation seems to be moderated by the lesion localization.
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