| 1. |
- Shi, X., et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative assessment of structural and compositional colors induced by femtosecond laser : A case study on 301LN stainless steel surface
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 484, s. 655-662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The topic of durable coloration and passivation of metal surfaces using state-of-the-art techniques has gained enormous attention and devotion with unremitting efforts of researchers worldwide. Although femtosecond laser marking has been performed on many metals, the related coloration mechanisms are mainly referred to structural colors produced by the interaction of visible light with periodic surface structures. Yet, general quantitative determination of the resulting colors and their origins remain elusive. In this work, we realized quantitative separations of structural colors and compositional pigmentary colors on 301LN austenitic stainless steel surfaces that were treated by femtosecond laser machining. The overall color information was extracted from surface reflectance, with structural color given by numerical simulations, and oxide compositions by chemical state analysis. It was shown that the laser-induced apparent colors of 301LN steel surfaces were combinations of structural and compositional colorations, with the former dominating the angular response and the latter setting up the brownish bases. In addition to the quantification of colors, the analysis method in this work may be useful for the generation and specification of tailored color palettes for practical coloration on metal surfaces by femtosecond laser marking.
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| 2. |
- Perner, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 versus Ringer's Acetate in Severe Sepsis
- 2012
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 367:2, s. 124-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 is widely used for fluid resuscitation in intensive care units (ICUs), but its safety and efficacy have not been established in patients with severe sepsis. METHODS In this multicenter, parallel-group, blinded trial, we randomly assigned patients with severe sepsis to fluid resuscitation in the ICU with either 6% HES 130/0.4 or Ringer's acetate at a dose of up to 33 ml per kilogram of ideal body weight per day. The primary outcome measure was either death or end-stage kidney failure (dependence on dialysis) at 90 days after randomization. RESULTS Of the 804 patients who underwent randomization, 798 were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. The two intervention groups had similar baseline characteristics. At 90 days after randomization, 201 of 398 patients (51%) assigned to HES 130/0.4 had died, as compared with 172 of 400 patients (43%) assigned to Ringer's acetate (relative risk, 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.36; P=0.03); 1 patient in each group had end-stage kidney failure. In the 90-day period, 87 patients (22%) assigned to HES 130/0.4 were treated with renal-replacement therapy versus 65 patients (16%) assigned to Ringer's acetate (relative risk, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.80; P=0.04), and 38 patients (10%) and 25 patients (6%), respectively, had severe bleeding (relative risk, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.94 to 2.48; P=0.09). The results were supported by multivariate analyses, with adjustment for known risk factors for death or acute kidney injury at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe sepsis assigned to fluid resuscitation with HES 130/0.4 had an increased risk of death at day 90 and were more likely to require renal-replacement therapy, as compared with those receiving Ringer's acetate.
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| 3. |
- Aula, M., et al.
(författare)
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Arc plasma emerging from foaming slag - Plasma diagnostics and visual observations
- 2018
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Ingår i: ICS 2018 - 7th International Congress on Science and Technology of Steelmaking. - : Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Slag is foamed in electric arc furnace during steelmaking to reduce the amount of energy emitted to the furnace walls. The behavior of the electric arc plasma during slag foaming is not very well understood, since it is very hard to obtain empirical data about arc plasma from industrial furnaces. In this work the effect of foaming on the arc plasma is studied by generating electric arc plasma over a foaming slag in laboratory scale. The arc was generated on top of the slag with a system modified from a welding power supply and the foaming of slag was induced by blowing oxygen gas into the slag. The electric arcs were monitored with two cameras filtered to measure different wavelengths and three spectrometers measuring different spectral regions with varying spectral resolution. The first camera was able to detect only the light emitted directly from the arc plasma while the second can detect the high temperature slag surrounding the submerged arc. By comparing the two images, it was possible to differentiate between arc burning inside the foaming slag and free burning arc. The use of plasma diagnostics with optical emission spectrometry provided information about electron temperature and density of the arc plasma. The plasma diagnostics and camera pixel intensities indicate that the arc burning inside foaming slag is constricted and has high plasma temperature. Comparing the free-burning arc on top of the foaming slag and non-foaming slag show that the CO bubbles cause the plasma temperature to fluctuate significantly.
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| 4. |
- Barbateskovic, Marija, et al.
(författare)
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A new tool to assess Clinical Diversity In Meta-analyses (CDIM) of interventions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 135, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To develop and validate Clinical Diversity In Meta-analyses (CDIM), a new tool for assessing clinical diversity between trials in meta-analyses of interventions. Study design and setting: The development of CDIM was based on consensus work informed by empirical literature and expertise. We drafted the CDIM tool, refined it, and validated CDIM for interrater scale reliability and agreement in three groups. Results: CDIM measures clinical diversity on a scale that includes four domains with 11 items overall: setting (time of conduct/country development status/units type); population (age, sex, patient inclusion criteria/baseline disease severity, comorbidities); interventions (intervention intensity/strength/duration of intervention, timing, control intervention, cointerventions); and outcome (definition of outcome, timing of outcome assessment). The CDIM is completed in two steps: first two authors independently assess clinical diversity in the four domains. Second, after agreeing upon scores of individual items a consensus score is achieved. Interrater scale reliability and agreement ranged from moderate to almost perfect depending on the type of raters. Conclusion: CDIM is the first tool developed for assessing clinical diversity in meta-analyses of interventions. We found CDIM to be a reliable tool for assessing clinical diversity among trials in meta-analysis.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Singh, Harishchandra, et al.
(författare)
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Unveiling interactions of non-metallic inclusions within advanced ultra-high-strength steel : A spectro-microscopic determination and first-principles elucidation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462. ; 197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determining non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) are essential to engineer ultra-high-strength steel as they play decisive role on performance and critical to probe via conventional techniques. Herein, advanced Synchrotron X-ray absorption coupled with photoemission electron microscopy and first-principles calculations are employed to provide the structure, local bonding structure and electronic properties of several NMI model systems and their interaction mechanism within and the steel matrix. B K-, N K-, Ca L2,3- and Ti L2,3-edge spectra show that the additional B prefers to result in h-BN exhibiting strong interaction with Ca2+. Such Ca2+-based phases also stabilize through TiN, revealing the irregular coordination of Ca2+. Observed intriguing no interaction between TiN and BN is further supported with the first-principles calculations, wherein unfavorable combination of TiN and h-BN and stabilization of bigger sized Ca2+-based inclusions have been found. These observations can help to optimize the interaction mechanism among various inclusions as well as steel matrix.
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