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- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Falk, AC, et al.
(författare)
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Management and classification of children with head injury
- 2005
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Ingår i: Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0256-7040. ; 21:6, s. 430-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Falk, AC, et al.
(författare)
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The specificity of post-concussive symptoms in the pediatric population
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community. - : SAGE Publications. - 1741-2889. ; 13:3, s. 227-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study compared patterns of reported symptoms between a mild head injury group and a group of children with abdominal complaints visiting an emergency department. Children (0—15 years) admitted to an emergency department during a three-month period with a history of head injury and a comparison group of children were included. Medical records at the time of injury were reviewed and follow-up questionnaires focused on presumed symptoms related to concussion at three months post-visit. The comparison group reported significantly more change in behaviour than the head injury group. However, for the older children, higher intensity of symptoms was reported by the comparison group compared to the head injury group. Initial differences in the amount and presence of symptoms between the two groups did not reflect the findings at three months; both groups reported symptoms or changes at three months after the event. Evaluating children aged under five, their symptoms and recovery patterns after a head injury is recommended.
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- Granstrom, A, et al.
(författare)
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Patient experiences of initial trauma care
- 2019
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Ingår i: International emergency nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-013X .- 1755-599X. ; 42, s. 25-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Sturesson, L, et al.
(författare)
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Mandatory documentation of pain in the emergency department increases analgesic administration but does not improve patients' satisfaction of pain management
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of pain. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1877-8879 .- 1877-8860. ; 13, s. 32-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPain is one of the most common symptoms treated in emergency department (ED). Pain may cause suffering and disability for the patient. Inadequate pain management may be associated with increased risk of complications such as sleep disturbance, delirium and depression. Previous studies conclude that pain management in ED is insufficient and inadequate. Yet, little is known about patients’ own experience regarding pain management in ED.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the satisfaction of pain management in patients having acute musculoskeletal injuries before and after implementation of mandatory documentation regarding pain assessment in the ED.MethodAn observational pre-post intervention study design was used. The study was conducted on patients having acute musculoskeletal injuries such as soft tissue injury, back pain or wrist/arm/leg/foot fractures in a 24-h adult (>15 years) ED at a public urban teaching hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Data was collected by an interview based on a questionnaire.ResultsA total of 160 patients answered the questionnaire. In the pre- (n= 80) and post-intervention (n= 80) groups, 91/95% experienced pain in the ED. A significant difference (p< 0.003) was found during the post-intervention period, with more patients receiving analgesics compared to the pre-intervention group. A significant decline (p < 0.03) in patients’ own reported pain intensity at discharge was found between the groups. Patients’ reported satisfaction on pain management in the ED increased in the post-intervention group, but the difference was not statistically significantly.ConclusionPatients’ satisfaction with pain management increased, but not statistically significantly. However, both percentages of patients receiving analgesic drugs increased and pain intensity decrease at discharge were statistically significant after the intervention that made nurses obliged to register pain.ImplicationAccording to the findings of this study, mandatory pain documentation facilitates pain management in the ED, but there is still room for improvement. Additional actions are needed to improve patients’ satisfaction on pain management in the ED. Mandatory pain documentation in combination with person-centred care could be a way of improving patients’ satisfaction on pain management. Effective pain management is an important quality measure, and should be focused on in acute care in the ED. By routinely asking patients to report the pain intensity at discharge, the ED personnel can have direct feedback about the factual pain management. RNs may also be encouraged to use intravenous analgesics in higher extent when the patients have very severe pain.
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