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- Ceberg, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor-tracking radiotherapy of moving targets; verification using 3D polymer gel, 2D ion-chamber array and biplanar diode array
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 250:1, s. 235-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to carry out a dosimetric verification of a dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC)-based tumor-tracking delivery during respiratory-like motion. The advantage of tumor-tracking radiation delivery is the ability to allow a tighter margin around the target by continuously following and adapting the dose delivery to its motion. However, there are geometric and dosimetric uncertainties associated with beam delivery system constraints and output variations, and several investigations have to be accomplished before a clinical integration of this tracking technique. Two types of delivery were investigated in this study I) a single beam perpendicular to a target with a one dimensional motion parallel to the MLC moving direction, and II) an intensity modulated arc delivery (RapidArc®) with a target motion diagonal to the MLC moving direction. The feasibility study (I) was made using an 2D ionisation chamber array and a true 3D polymer gel. The arc delivery (II) was verified using polymer gel and a biplanar diode array. Good agreement in absorbed dose was found between delivery to a static target and to a moving target with DMLC tracking using all three detector systems. However, due to the limited spatial resolution of the 2D array a detailed comparison was not possible. The RapidArc® plan delivery was successfully verified using the biplanar diode array and true 3D polymer gel, and both detector systems could verify that the DMLC-based tumor-tracking delivery system has a very good ability to account for respiratory target motion.
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- Cook, Michael B, et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco and Alcohol in Relation to Male Breast Cancer: An Analysis of the Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project Consortium.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 24:3, s. 520-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The etiology of male breast cancer is poorly understood, partly due to its relative rarity. Although tobacco and alcohol exposures are known carcinogens, their association with male breast cancer risk remains ill-defined. Methods: The Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project consortium provided 2,378 cases and 51,959 controls for analysis from 10 case-control and 10 cohort studies. Individual participant data were harmonized and pooled. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate study design-specific (case-control/cohort) odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), which were then combined using fixed effects meta-analysis. Results: Cigarette smoking status, smoking pack-years, duration, intensity, and age at initiation were not associated with male breast cancer risk. Relations with cigar and pipe smoking, tobacco chewing, and snuff use were also null. Recent alcohol consumption and average grams of alcohol consumed per day were also not associated with risk; only one sub-analysis of very high recent alcohol consumption (>60 grams/day) was tentatively associated with male breast cancer (ORunexposed referent=1.29, 95%CI:0.97-1.71; OR>0-<7 g/day referent=1.36, 95%CI:1.04-1.77). Specific alcoholic beverage types were not associated with male breast cancer. Relations were not altered when stratified by age or body mass index. Conclusions: In this analysis of the Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project we found little evidence that tobacco and alcohol exposures were associated with risk of male breast cancer. Impact: Tobacco and alcohol do not appear to be carcinogenic for male breast cancer. Future studies should aim to assess these exposures in relation to subtypes of male breast cancer.
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- Hult, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Pedagogical processes in health care : an exploratory study of pedagogic work with patients and next of kin
- 2009
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Ingår i: Education for Health. - : Carfax Publishing. - 1357-6283 .- 1469-5804. ; 22:3, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Care and education have much in common, and work in the healthcare sector is closely associated with learning and teaching. It is felt that many in the healthcare and medical services are not aware of their pedagogic skills and how they can be developed. FRAME OF REFERENCE: Belonging to a community of practice means that you share perspectives, methods and language. OBJECTIVE: The aim is to describe the pedagogical discourse by identifying pedagogical processes and studying the staffs awareness of such processes or situations in which a pedagogical approach would be useful in their work with patients and next of kin. METHOD: A qualitative study based on individual and group interviews. The analysis is directed by grounded theory. RESULTS: The pedagogical processes varied in length and quality. Most were unplanned and were usually embedded in treatment. The pedagogical process is linear (planning, goal setting, teaching and evaluating) in an educational setting but we found that the beginning and end can be unclear and the goals can be vague or non-existent. The pedagogical process is best described using the concepts Read, Guide and Provide learning support. DISCUSSION: The pedagogical discourse in healthcare is almost silent. Data indicate that at the collective level there is very little support for professional development of pedagogical ability. Tacit knowledge may therefore remain silent even though it may be possible to formulate and describe it. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong need to focus on the pedagogical parts of the work and to encourage and support the development of professional pedagogical knowledge.
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- Nylén, Annika, 1959-
(författare)
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Grammatisk kompetens och kommunikativ språkundervisning : Spansklärares värderingar, dilemman och förslag
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis aims to describe teachers’ opinions about the role grammatical com-petence plays in communicative language teaching. Since the breakthroughs of the Sixties in functional, meaningful and communicative foreign language teaching, instruction of grammatical structures has changed. In addition, the Swedish national syllabus offers poor descriptions of possible models for pedagogy of grammar; as a consequence, it is likely that the importance of grammatical competence varies in Swedish foreign language classrooms. Subject matter didactic theories (Pedagogical Content Knowledge) combined with Teacher Thinking research, form the theoreti-cal framework. Thirteen Spanish teachers were interviewed about their instructional values, dilemmas and ideas. The patterns that were found indicate that all teachers emphasize the importance of the grammatical structures for language learning and a communicative goal for the courses. Most of the informants practiced or strived for a focus on form approach. The how, what and when questions concerning the role of the grammar were for some teachers important to discuss and a tighter connection to research is suggested to develop and deepen teachers’ practice. Most of the teachers interviewed emphasized subject matter didactics instead of a more general didactic view when it came to the design of their lessons when teaching grammar. It was found that teachers mainly draw upon their own experiences as pupils, stu-dents and teachers when the role of grammar in learning a language was to be con-cretized in actual lessons. It was further discovered that hardly any influences from teacher education programs or other research results were referred to. These results indicate the need to take into account the professional knowledge and teachers’ questions as a basis for improvements in language teaching more firmly upon peda-gogical content knowledge. The results also raise the question whether shared pro-fessional content knowledge should (or should not) be represented in the national syllabus.
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| 9. |
- Quere, Ronan, et al.
(författare)
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SMAD4 binds HOXA9 in the cytoplasm and protects primitive hematopoietic cells against nuclear activation by HOXA9 and leukemia transformation.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 117, s. 5918-5930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in a Smad4(-/-) mouse model of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) induced either by the HOXA9 gene or by the fusion oncogene NUP98-HOXA9. While HOXA9-SMAD4 complexes accumulate in the cytoplasm of normal hematopoietic stem- and progenitor cells (HSPCs) transduced with these oncogenes, there is no cytoplasmic accumulation of HOXA9 in Smad4(-/-) HSPCs and as a consequence increased levels of HOXA9 accumulate in the nucleus leading to increased immortalization in vitro. Loss of Smad4 accelerates the development of leukemia in vivo due to an increase in transformation of HSPCs. Therefore, the cytoplasmic binding of HOXA9 by SMAD4 is a mechanism to protect HOXA9-induced transformation of normal HSPCs. Since Smad4 is a potent tumor suppressor involved in growth control, we developed a strategy to modify the subcellular distribution of SMAD4. We successfully disrupted the interaction between HOXA9 and SMAD4 to activate the TGF-beta pathway and apoptosis, leading to a loss of LSCs. Together, these findings reveal a major role for Smad4 in the negative regulation of leukemia initiation and maintenance induced by HOXA9/NUP98-HOXA9 and provide strong evidence that antagonizing SMAD4 stabilization by these oncoproteins might be a promising novel therapeutic approach in leukemia.
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| 12. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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A human protein atlas for normal and cancer tissues based on antibody proteomics
- 2005
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Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 4:12, s. 1920-1932
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibody-based proteomics provides a powerful approach for the functional study of the human proteome involving the systematic generation of protein-specific affinity reagents. We used this strategy to construct a comprehensive, antibody-based protein atlas for expression and localization profiles in 48 normal human tissues and 20 different cancers. Here we report a new publicly available database containing, in the first version, similar to 400,000 high resolution images corresponding to more than 700 antibodies toward human proteins. Each image has been annotated by a certified pathologist to provide a knowledge base for functional studies and to allow queries about protein profiles in normal and disease tissues. Our results suggest it should be possible to extend this analysis to the majority of all human proteins thus providing a valuable tool for medical and biological research.
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