| 1. |
- Ali, Y, et al.
(författare)
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MedView-design and adoption of an interactive system for oral medicine.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Studies in health technology and informatics. - 0926-9630 .- 1879-8365. ; 77, s. 3-7
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- MedView is a joint project with participants from oral medicine and computer science. The aim of the project is to build a large database from patient examinations and produce computerized tools to extend, view, and analyze the contents of the database. The contents of the data base is based on a formalization of health-care processes and clinical knowledge in oral medicine harmonized within the network SOMNET. We give an overview of the current status of the MedView project and discuss background and future directions.
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| 2. |
- Bae, Juhee, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive clustering : A comprehensive review
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACM Computing Surveys. - New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0360-0300 .- 1557-7341. ; 53:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this survey, 105 papers related to interactive clustering were reviewed according to seven perspectives: (1) on what level is the interaction happening, (2) which interactive operations are involved, (3) how user feedback is incorporated, (4) how interactive clustering is evaluated, (5) which data and (6) which clustering methods have been used, and (7) what outlined challenges there are. This article serves as a comprehensive overview of the field and outlines the state of the art within the area as well as identifies challenges and future research needs.
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| 3. |
- Bae, Juhee, et al.
(författare)
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Visual Data Analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Data science in Practice. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319975566 - 9783319975559 ; , s. 133-155
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data Science offers a set of powerful approaches for making new discoveries from large and complex data sets. It combines aspects of mathematics, statistics, machine learning, etc. to turn vast amounts of data into new insights and knowledge. However, the sole use of automatic data science techniques for large amounts of complex data limits the human user’s possibilities in the discovery process, since the user is estranged from the process of data exploration. This chapter describes the importance of Information Visualization (InfoVis) and visual analytics (VA) within data science and how interactive visualization can be used to support analysis and decision-making, empowering and complementing data science methods. Moreover, we review perceptual and cognitive aspects, together with design and evaluation methodologies for InfoVis and VA.
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| 4. |
- Dahlbom, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Situation Recognition and Hypothesis Management Using Petri Nets
- 2009
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Ingår i: Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642048197 - 9783642048203 ; , s. 303-314
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Situation recognition – the task of tracking states and identifying situations - is a problem that is important to look into for aiding decision makers in achieving enhanced situation awareness. The purpose of situation recognition is, in contrast to producing more data and information, to aid decision makers in focusing on information that is important for them, i.e. to detect potentially interesting situations. In this paper we explore the applicability of a Petri net based approach for modeling and recognizing situations, as well as for managing the hypothesis space coupled to matching situation templates with the present stream of data.
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| 5. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-
(författare)
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Adaptation using iterated estimations
- 2002
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Ingår i: Advances in Case-Based Reasoning. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 3540441093 - 9783540441090 - 9783540461197 ; , s. 88-102
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Collaboration Patterns in an Online Community of Practice in Oral Medicine
- 2008
-
Ingår i: eHealth Beyond the Horizon – Get IT There. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781586038649 ; 136, s. 175-80
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- SOMWeb is an online collaboration system based on Semantic Web technologies, which is used for knowledge sharing and dissemination within an oral medicine community in Sweden. Based on a previous study of the use of SOMWeb, general patterns of interaction and communicative activities involved in community collaboration have been identified. The patterns for one such activity, distance consultation, are described and modeled using techniques from the Pragmatic Web. It is also shown how patterns could inform system design
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing Usefulness of Declarative Programming Frameworks through Complete Integration
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Logic Programming Environments (WLPE’02), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 31, 2002. ; , s. 111-122
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Gisela framework for declarative programming was de-veloped with the specific aim of providing a tool that would be useful for knowledge representation and reasoning within real-world applications. To achieve this, a complete integration into an object-oriented application development environment was used. The framework and methodology developed provide two alternative application programming interfaces (apis): Programming using objects or programming using a traditional equational declarative style. In addition to providing complete integration, Gisela also allows extensions and modificationsdue to the general computation model and well-defined apis. We give a brief overview of the declarative model underlying Gisela and we present the methodologyproposed for building applications together with some real examples.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-
(författare)
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Information visualisation in clinical odontology : Multidimensional analysis and interactive data exploration
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0933-3657 .- 1873-2860. ; 22:2, s. 133-158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1995, the MedView project, based on a co-operation between computing science and clinical medicine was initiated. The overall goal of the project was to develop models, methods and tools to support clinicians in their daily diagnostic work. As part of MedView, two information visualisation tools were developed and tested as solutions to the problem of visualising clinical experience derived from large amounts of clinical data. The first tool (The Cube) was based on the idea of dynamic three-dimensional (3D) parallel diagrams, an idea similar to the notion of 3D parallel co-ordinates. The Cube was developed to enhance the clinician's ability to intelligibly analyse existing patient material and to allow for pattern recognition and statistical analysis. The second tool (SimVis) was based on a similarity assessment-based interaction model for exploring data, and was designed to help clinicians to classify and cluster clinical examination data. User interaction was supported by 3D visualisation of clusters and similarity measures. Both tools were tested on a knowledge base containing about 1500 examinations obtained from different clinics. Clinical practice indicated that the basic ideas are conceptually appealing to the involved clinicians as the tools can be used for generating and testing of hypotheses.
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| 13. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968
(författare)
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Issues in Structured Knowledge Representation A Definitional Approach with Application to Case-Based Reasoning and Medical Informatics
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several issues concerned with structured knowledge representation based on definitional structures are discussed: the realisation of knowledge-based systems using declarative programming, similarity assessment in knowledge representation and case-based reasoning, and the importance of human-computer interaction and information visualisation in knowledge-based systems. To illustrate the basic ideas, real-world applications from the area of oral medicine are used. We present MedView, a project aiming at developing models, methods and tools to support clinicians within oral medicine in their everyday work and research. The definitional model used in MedView constitutes the main governing principle in the project, not only in the formalisation of clinical terms and concepts, but in visualisation models and in the design and implementation of individual tools and the system as a whole as well. In the context of case-based reasoning, a novel similarity framework based on definitional structures is presented. In this framework, a uniform definitional model is used for both case representation, similarity assessment and adaptation. The similarity model is general enough to capture many different types of similarity measures, e.g., ordinal, cardinal and asymmetric measures. We also describe how a uniform declarative model can be used as the basis for an interaction model and two information visualisation tools in the area of oral medicine. We describe how known visualisation techniques to a large extent can be modeled using the conceptual model of the underlying data, enabling close interaction with the user and tight coupling between two different visualisation tools.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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SOMWeb : A Semantic Web-Based System for Supporting Collaboration of Distributed Medical Communities of Practice
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : J M I R Publications, Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 10:3, s. e25-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Information technology (IT) support for remote collaboration of geographically distributed communities of practice (CoP) in health care must deal with a number of sociotechnical aspects of communication within the community. In the mid-1990s, participants of the Swedish Oral Medicine Network (SOMNet) began discussing patient cases in telephone conferences. The cases were distributed prior to the conferences using PowerPoint and email. For the technical support of online CoP, Semantic Web technologies can potentially fulfill needs of knowledge reuse, data exchange, and reasoning based on ontologies. However, more research is needed on the use of Semantic Web technologies in practice. Objectives: The objectives of this research were to (1) study the communication of distributed health care professionals in oral medicine; (2) apply Semantic Web technologies to describe community data and oral medicine knowledge; (3) develop an online CoP, Swedish Oral Medicine Web (SOMWeb), centered on user-contributed case descriptions and meetings; and (4) evaluate SOMWeb and study how work practices change with IT support.Methods: Based on Java, and using the Web Ontology Language and Resource Description Framework for handling community data and oral medicine knowledge, SOMWeb was developed using a user-centered and iterative approach. For studying the work practices and evaluating the system, a mixed-method approach of interviews, observations, and a questionnaire was used.Results: By May 2008, there were 90 registered users of SOMWeb, 93 cases had been added, and 18 meetings had utilized the system. The introduction of SOMWeb has improved the structure of meetings and their discussions, and a tenfold increase in the number of participants has been observed. Users submit cases to seek advice on diagnosis or treatment, to show an unusual case, or to create discussion. Identified barriers to submitting cases are lack of time, concern about whether the case is interesting enough, and showing gaps in one’s own knowledge. Three levels of member participation are discernable: a core group that contributes most cases and most meeting feedback; an active group that participates often but only sometimes contribute cases and feedback; and a large peripheral group that seldom or never contribute cases or feedback.Conclusions: SOMWeb is beneficial for individual clinicians as well as for the SOMNet community. The system provides an opportunity for its members to share both high quality clinical practice knowledge and external evidence related to complex oral medicine cases. The foundation in Semantic Web technologies enables formalization and structuring of case data that can be used for further reasoning and research. Main success factors are the long history of collaboration between different disciplines, the user-centered development approach, the existence of a “champion” within the field, and nontechnical community aspects already being in place.
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| 18. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
SOMWeb - Towards an Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing in Oral Medicine
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Connecting Medical Informatics and Bio-Informatics: Proceedings of MIE2005 - The XIXth International Congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1586035495 ; 116, s. 527-32, s. 527-532
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a net-based society, clinicians can come together for cooperative work and distance learning around a common medical material. This requires suitable techniques for cooperative knowledge management and user interfaces that are adapted to both the group as a whole and to individuals. To support distributed management and sharing of clinical knowledge, we propose the development of an intelligent web community for clinicians within oral medicine. This virtual meeting place will support the ongoing work on developing a digital knowledge base, providing a foundation for a more evidence-based oral medicine. The presented system is founded on the use and development of web services and standards for knowledge modelling and knowledge-based systems. The work is conducted within the frame of a well-established cooperation between oral medicine and computer science.
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| 19. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Origin, Representation, and Use of Collaboration Patterns in a Medical Community of Practice
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Emerging Technologies and Information Systems for the Knowledge Society. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783540877806 - 9783540877813 ; 5288, s. 403-412
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Founded on the Semantic Web technologies OWL and RDF, SOMWeb is an online community of practice that is used for knowledge sharing and dissemination within an oral medicine community in Sweden. It is shown how patterns for communication and collaboration within SOMWeb can be identified and represented in OWL, in terms of knowledge components, such as ontologies describing domain knowledge, user models, and organization models. It is described how patterns could be put into use and inform the design of future versions of SOMWeb.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Pragmatic Patterns for Clinical Knowledge Management
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Pragmatic Web (ICPW2007). - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 65-74, s. 65-74
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a research program for identifying, modeling, and making use of generic pragmatic patterns for clinical knowledge management that support evidence-based medicine (EBM). Part of this program is SOMWeb, a system based on Semantic Web technologies, which is used for knowledge sharing and dissemination within an oral medicine community. A study of the use of SOMWeb has been conducted as the first step in the elicitation of important contextual factors and communicative activities involved in knowledge sharing processes in oral medicine. One such activity, community discussion activation, is described using consultation patterns together with the collaboration patterns of de Moor. The general need for context-aware health information systems and the prospective use of approaches within Pragmatic Web in the pursuit of EBM are also discussed.
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| 22. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-
(författare)
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Using a Uniform Declarative Model in 3D Visualisation of Medical Data
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Winter Meeting 2003, Nösunds Värdshus & Orangeri, January 15–17, 2003. - Göteborg : Department of Computing Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. ; , s. 64-78
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Gustafsson Friberger, Marie, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Collaboration processes, outcomes, challenges and enablers of distributed clinical communities of practice
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Behavior and Information Technology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 32:6, s. 519-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern healthcare's need for knowledge sharing and bridging the research–practice gap requires new forms of collaboration, in which clinicians of varying clinical and research expertise work together over geographical and organisational borders. To support such distributed communities of practice (CoPs), an understanding of their collaboration processes, outcomes, challenges and enablers is needed. The article examines these issues through a case study of a long-running CoP, the Swedish Oral Medicine Network (SOMNet). SOMNet's main form of collaboration is monthly telephone conference meetings centred on case consultations. Cases are submitted by the clinicians via a Web-based system. The methods used were interviews, observations, and a questionnaire. The work adds to previous research by studying a distributed CoP explicitly focused on supporting the transfer of scientific results from researchers to practitioners. We found that the regular meetings give a rhythm to the community. The centrality of cases means an immediate benefit for the submitter while the community is provided an authentic context for learning. SOMNet yields opportunities for help and learning for diverse expertise levels; the type of benefits is affected by the participant's degree of oral medicine knowledge and collaboration involvement. There are challenges in accommodating varying levels of expertise and encouraging those less experienced to participate. Enablers of the collaboration include the participation of experts, meeting facilitators and well-adapted ITs.
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| 24. |
- Gustafsson, Marie, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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An Online Community for Oral Medicine Supporting Structured Case Entry
- 2006
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes how Semantic Web technologies have been used in an online community for knowledge sharing between clinicians in oral medicine in Sweden. The main purpose of this community is to serve as repository of interesting and difficult cases, and as a support for monthly teleconferences. All information regarding users, meetings, news, and cases is stored in RDF. The community was built using the Struts framework and Jena was used for interacting with RDF.
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| 25. |
- Gustafsson, Marie, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling an Online Community for Sharing Oral Medicine Cases Using Semantic Web Technologies
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783540490296 - 3540490299 - 9783540490555 ; 4237:2, s. 820-832
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes how Semantic Web technologies have been used in an online community for knowledge sharing between clinicians in oral medicine in Sweden. The main purpose of this community is to serve as repository of interesting and difficult cases, and as a support for monthly teleconferences. All information regarding users, meetings, news, and cases is stored in RDF. The community was built using the Struts framework and Jena was used for interacting with RDF.
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| 26. |
- Gustafsson, Marie, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences in Modeling Clinical Examinations in Oral Medicine Using OWL
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the OWLED 2007 Workshop on OWL. - : CEUR-WS.org. ; , s. 1-10
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the modeling of clinical examinations in oral medicine using OWL. Based on experiences from our previous work and knowledge model, requirements for an ontology for examinations in oral medicine are identified. OWL can be used to address most, but not all, of the requirements. We found a lack of guidance for several design choices and for development of OWL ontologies at different levels of sophistication. However, using OWL gives us the ability to come back and refine the knowledge model after initial deployment.
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| 27. |
- Gustafsson, Marie, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Modeling Contexts of Knowledge Sharing in an Online Community for Oral Medicine
- 2007
-
Ingår i: CONTEXT '07 Doctorial Consortium Proceedings. - Roskilde : Roskilde University. ; , s. 30-43
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To support knowledge sharing between practitioners of oral medicine throughout Sweden, the SOMWeb system for community collaboration has been constructed, based on Semantic Web technologies. A large function of the system is to support the discussion of difficult and interesting cases at a monthly telephone conference. From our observations of these meetings, a the users’ responses to a questionnaire, and discussions with users, we find that many of the improvements that can be made to enable further use of the system relate to adding the use of context. Some initial thoughts on what would be relevant to represent in relation to context are given, such as the experience of the practitioner, the reason for adding a case to the system, and the current activity of the user. The long-term aims of this work is to identify aspects of context relevant to online communities of practice in healthcare, and to investigate how these contexts can be modeled using Semantic Web technologies.
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| 28. |
- Gustafsson, Marie, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Representing Clinical Knowledge in Oral Medicine Using Ontologies
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Connecting Medical Informatics and Bio-Informatics. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781586035495 - 9781607501350 ; , s. 743-748
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medical ontologies like GALEN, the FMA or SNOMED represent a kind of “100% certain” medical knowledge which is not inherent to all medical sub-domains. Clinical radiology uses computerized imaging techniques to make the human body visible and interprets the imaging findings in a clinical context delivering a textual report. For clinical radiology few standardized vocabularies are available. We examined the definitions given in the glossary of terms for thoracic radiology published by the Fleischner Society. We further classified these terms with regard to their definitions in terms of (a) describing visible structures on the image itself, (b) referring to ontological entities of the body (anatomical or pathological), and (c) terms imposing knowledge on structures visible on the image, epistemologically representing ontological entities of the body. Each ontological/epistemological definition was rated on a scale of vague/weak-sound/strong and put in context with the evaluation comments for the use of the terms given in the glossary itself. The result of this distinction shows that clinical radiology uses many terms referring to ontological entities valid for representation in a medical ontology. However, many epistemological terms exist in the terminology which impose epistemological knowledge on ontological entities. The analysis of the evaluation comments reveals that terms classified as sound (ontologically) and strong (epistemologically) are evaluated higher than terms bearing vague or weak definitions. On the basis of this, we argue that the distinction between ontological and epistemological definitions is necessary in order to construct epistemologically-sensitive application ontologies for medical sub-domains, like clinical radiology, where knowledge is fragmented in terms of description, inferred from a description, concluded on the basis of imaging, or other additional information with varying degrees of certainty.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Helldin, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Human-Centered Automation for Improving Situation Awareness in the Fighter Aircraft Domain
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA 2012). - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781467303453 - 9781467303439 - 9781467303446 ; , s. 191-197
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advancements in technology and the need for improving the pilots' working situations have stimulated the growth of automated functions within the fighter aircraft domain. Functions that aid the pilots perform their tasks and to make decisions fast in an often rapidly changing environment have been introduced with the ultimate aim of easing the pilots' workloads and improving their situation awareness. However, both positive and negative effects of automating pilots' tasks have been documented, such as decreased workload and skill degradation, and it has been acknowledged that it is important to consider the needs of the human operator when designing automated functions. Human-Centred Automation (HCA) has been suggested as an approach for designing automated systems that brings forward the positive effects of automation. However, how to apply the concept of HCA in light of the specific prerequisites and demands of the modern fighter aircraft domain has not been fully investigated. This paper presents the results from interviews made together with fighter aircraft system developers, where the concept of HCA was investigated. Their opinions of the applicability of the concept of HCA within the fighter aircraft domain is represented as well as their thoughts about identified HCA guidelines in relation to the proposed support system. Conclusions drawn from the study are that HCA is indeed an important concept to consider within the domain as well as that the proposed guidelines could be of great use during the design process. Additionallly, insight into how to design automated support systems with the concept of HCA in mind is given.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Helldin, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Human-Centred Automation of Threat Evaluation in Future Fighter Aircraft
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Informatik 2011. - Bonn : Gesellschaft für Informatik. - 9783885792864 ; , s. 502-513
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has long been considered crucial to develop decision support systems that aid fighter pilots achieve their goals. Such systems often require automation of tasks formerly performed manually by the pilots, in situations characterized by huge amounts of (possibly uncertain and incomplete) sensor data and contextual information, time-pressure and dynamically changing tasks. Thus, careful investigations must be performed so as to develop such systems that provide accurate support for their users. This paper reports on the findings concerning research within the field of human-centred automation as well as presents empirical results concerning the applicability of automation guidelines when designing information fusion based support systems in the fighter aircraft domain.
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| 33. |
- Helldin, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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The Applicability of Human-Centred Automation Guidelines in the Fighter Aircraft Domain
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 29th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics (ECCE´11). - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450310291 ; , s. 67-74
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivation – To guide the development of human-centred automation within the fighter aircraft domain.Research approach – Identified human-centred automation guidelines have been analysed in relation to existing fighter aircraft automated functions together with system developers at Saab Aeronautics.Findings/Design – The results show that the human-centred automation guidelines have been considered during the development process. From these results, implications for the design of guidelines and for the design of automated systems in the aircraft domain are drawn.Research limitations/Implications – Deeper analysis of how automated functions can support pilots in future fighter aircraft is needed since the proposed guidelines are too general for the military fighter aircraft domain. Thus, future work involves an evaluation of the guidelines together with fighter aircraft system developers and/or military strategists. Such analysis must be carried out with specific automated functions in mind.Originality/Value – By comparing with existing automated functions, the research makes contributions to HCA guidelines to be used in the fighter aircraft domain. Suggestions of human-centred automation improvements within the fighter aircraft domain are presented. The analysis has also identified differences between the proposed guidelines and parts of the studied implementation examples.Take away message – The HCA guidelines must be adapted according to the specific tasks that the automated functions are intended to assist the operators with. To adapt the automation according to the level of experience of the operators as well as to expand the cooperative automation functions between aircraft in a team have been identified as future directions for automation improvements within the fighter aircraft domain.
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| 34. |
- Holst, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Eliciting structure in data
- 2019
-
Ingår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings. - Aachen : CEUR-WS.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper demonstrates how to explore and visualize different types of structure in data, including clusters, anomalies, causal relations, and higher order relations. The methods are developed with the goal of being as automatic as possible and applicable to massive, streaming, and distributed data. Finally, a decentralized learning scheme is discussed, enabling finding structure in the data without collecting the data centrally.
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| 35. |
- Johansson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A Bayesian network approach to threat evaluation with application to an air defense scenario
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2008, Cologne, 30 June 2008–3 July 2008. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9783000248832 - 9783800730926 ; , s. 1352-1358
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a precise description of the threat evaluation process is presented. This is followed by a review describing which parameters that have been suggested for threat evaluation in an air surveillance context throughout the literature, together with an overview of different algorithms for threat evaluation. Grounded in the findings from the literature review, a threat evaluation system have been developed. The system is based on a Bayesian network approach, making it possible to handle imperfect observations. The structure of the Bayesian network is described in detail. Finally, an analysis of the system’s performance as applied to a synthetic scenario is presented.
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| 36. |
- Johansson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison between Two Approaches to Threat Evaluation in an Air Defense Scenario
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783540882688 - 9783540882695 ; , s. 110-121
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Threat evaluation is a high-level information fusion problem of high importance within the military domain. This task is the foundation for weapons allocation, where assignment of blue force (own) weapon systems to red force (enemy) targets is performed. In this paper, we compare two fundamentally different approaches to threat evaluation: Bayesian networks and fuzzy inference rules. We conclude that there are pros and cons with both types of approaches, and that a hybrid of the two approaches seems both promising and viable for future research.
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| 37. |
- Johansson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A survivability-based testbed for comparing threat evaluation algorithms
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2nd Skövde Workshop on Information Fusion Topics (SWIFT 2008). - Skövde : University of Skövde. - 9789163336973 ; , s. 22-24
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Threat evaluation is the process in which threat values are assigned to detected targets, based upon the inferred capabilities and intents of the targets to inflict damage to blue force defended assets. This is a high-level information fusion process of high importance, since the calculated threat values are used as input when blue force weapon systems are allocated to the incoming targets, a process often referred to as weapon allocation. Threat values can be calculated from a number of different parameters, such as the position of the closest point of approach (CPA) with respect to blue force defended assets, time required to reach the CPA, the target’s velocity, and its type. A number of algorithms for calculating threat values have been suggested throughout literature, however, criteria to evaluate the performance of such algorithms seem to be lacking. In this paper, we discuss different ways to assess the performance of threat evaluation algorithms. In specific, we describe how threat evaluation algorithms can be compared to each other, using a survivability criterion. Survivability is measured by running the threat evaluation algorithms on simulated scenarios and using the resulting threat values as input to a weapon allocation module. Depending on how well the threat evaluation is performed, the ability of the blue force weapon systems to eliminate the incoming targets will vary (and thereby also the survivability of the defended assets).
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| 38. |
- Johansson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of vessel anomalies : A Bayesian network approach
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP 2007). - : IEEE Computer Society. - 1424415020 - 9781424415021 - 9781424415014 ; , s. 395-400
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we describe a data mining approach for detection of anomalous vessel behaviour. The suggested approach is based on Bayesian networks which have two important advantages compared to opaque machine learning techniques such as neural networks: (1) possibility to easily include expert knowledge into the model, and (2) possibility for humans to understand and interpret the learned model. Our approach is implemented and tested on synthetic data, where initial results show that it can be used for detection of single-object anomalies such as speeding.
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| 39. |
- Johansson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation and integration of a Bayesian Network for prediction of tactical intention into a ground target simulator
- 2006
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Ingår i: 9th International Conference on Information Fusion. - : IEEE. - 9781424409532
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prediction of the enemy's intention is a main issue of threat analysis, and, hence, will be an important part of the C2-systems of tomorrow. A technique that can be useful for this kind of predictions is Bayesian networks (BNs). We have developed a BN for prediction of the enemy's tactical intention, and the implemented BN has been integrated into a ground target simulation framework. The general problem of how to find appropriate prior distributions for BNs has been addressed by developing a tool for data collection, which may make it easier to come up with appropriate prior distributions, by learning conditional probability tables from collected cases, i.e. parameter learning
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| 40. |
- Johansson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time Allocation of Firing Units To Hostile Targets
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Advances in Information Fusion. - : ISIF, International Society of Information Fusion. - 1557-6418. ; 6:2, s. 187-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The protection of defended assets such as military bases and population centers against hostile targets (e.g., aircrafts, missiles, and rockets) is a highly relevant problem in the military conflicts of today and tomorrow. In order to neutralize threats of this kind, they have to be detected and engaged before causing any damage to the defended assets. We review algorithms for solving the resource allocation problem in real-time, and empirically investigate their performance using the open source testbed SWARD. The reults show that many of the tested algorithms produce high quality solutions for small-scale problems. A novel vaiant of particle swarm optimization seeded with an enhanced greedy algorithm is described and is shown to perform best for large instances of the real-time allocation problem.
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| 41. |
- Jontell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Elektroniskt verktyg för klinik, utbildning och forskning
- 2008
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Ingår i: Tandläkartidningen. - 0039-6982. ; 100:12, s. 78-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Att praktisera evidensbaserad odontologi innebär att integrera expertisen hos individuella kliniker med bästa vetenskapliga evidens från externa kunskapskällor.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Khan, Fahad Shabhaz, et al.
(författare)
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Data Mining in Oral Medicine Using Decision Trees
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computer, Electrical, and Systems Science, and Engineering (CESSE 2008), Cairo, Egypt, February 6–8, 2008. - : World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology - WASET. ; 27, s. 225-230
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data mining has been used very frequently to extract hidden information from large databases. This paper suggests the use of decision trees for continuously extracting the clinical reasoning in the form of medical expert’s actions that is inherent in large number of EMRs (Electronic Medical records). In this way the extracted data could be used to teach students of oral medicine a number of orderly processes for dealing with patients who represent with different problems within the practice context over time.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Laxhammar, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Online Detection of Anomalous Sub-Trajectories : A Sliding Window Approach based on Conformal Anomaly Detection and Local Outlier Factor
- 2012
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Ingår i: Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642334115 - 9783642334122 ; , s. 192-202
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated detection of anomalous trajectories is an important problem in the surveillance domain. Various algorithms based on learning of normal trajectory patterns have been proposed for this problem. Yet, these algorithms suffer from one or more of the following limitations: First, they are essentially designed for offline anomaly detection in databases. Second, they are insensitive to local sub-trajectory anomalies. Third, they involve tuning of many parameters and may suffer from high false alarm rates. The main contribution of this paper is the proposal and discussion of the Sliding Window Local Outlier Conformal Anomaly Detector (SWLO-CAD), which is an algorithm for online detection of local sub-trajectory anomalies. It is an instance of the previously proposed Conformal anomaly detector and, hence, operates online with well-calibrated false alarm rate. Moreover, SWLO-CAD is based on Local outlier factor, which is a previously proposed outlier measure that is sensitive to local anomalies. Thus, SWLO-CAD has a unique set of properties that address the issues above.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Laxhammar, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Sequential Conformal Anomaly Detection in Trajectories based on Hausdorff Distance
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2011). - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781457702679 - 9780982443828 ; , s. 153-160
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abnormal behaviour may indicate important objects and situations in e.g. surveillance applications. This paper is concerned with algorithms for automated anomaly detection in trajectory data. Based on the theory of Conformal prediction, we propose the Similarity based Nearest Neighbour Conformal Anomaly Detector (SNN-CAD) which is a parameter-light algorithm for on-line learning and anomaly detection with wellcalibrated false alarm rate. The only design parameter in SNN-CAD is the dissimilarity measure. We propose two parameterfree dissimilarity measures based on Hausdorff distance for comparing multi-dimensional trajectories of arbitrary length. One of these measures is appropriate for sequential anomaly detection in incomplete trajectories. The proposed algorithms are evaluated using two public data sets. Results show that high sensitivity to labelled anomalies and low false alarm rate can be achieved without any parameter tuning.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Niklasson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Extending the scope of Situation Analysis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2008)<em></em>, Cologne, Germany, June 30–July 3, 2008. - : IEEE Press. - 9783000248832 ; , s. 454-461
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of technology to assist human decision making has been around for quite some time now. In the literature, models of both technological and human aspects of this support can be identified. However, we argue that there is a need for a unified model which synthesizes and extends existing models. In this paper, we give two perspectives on situation analysis: a technological perspective and a human perspective. These two perspectives are merged into a unified situation analysis model for semi-automatic, automatic and manual decision support (SAM)2. The unified model can be applied to decision support systems with any degree of automation. Moreover, an extension of the proposed model is developed which can be used for discussing important concepts such as common operational picture and common situation awareness.
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| 50. |
- Ohlander, Ulrika, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Fighter pilots' teamwork : a descriptive study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 62:7, s. 880-890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The execution of teamwork varies widely depending on the domain and task in question. Despite the considerable diversity of teams and their operation, researchers tend to aim for unified theories and models regardless of field. However, we argue that there is a need for translation and adaptation of the theoretical models to each specific domain. To this end, a case study was carried out on fighter pilots and it was investigated how teamwork is performed in this specialised and challenging environment, with a specific focus on the dependence on technology for these teams. The collaboration between the fighter pilots is described and analysed using a generic theoretical model for effective teamwork from the literature. The results show that domain-specific application and modification is needed in order for the model to capture fighter pilot's teamwork. The study provides deeper understanding of the working conditions for teams of pilots and gives design implications for how tactical support systems can enhance teamwork in the domain. Practitioner summary: This article presents a qualitative interview study with fighter pilots based on a generic theoretical teamwork model applied to the fighter domain. The purpose is to understand the conditions under which teams of fighter pilots work and to provide guidance for the design of future technological aids.
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