| 1. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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How can games aid co-design of user-centered circular offerings?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proc. 5th PLATE 2023 Conference..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Widespread adoption of circular offerings, including those based on products with prolonged lifetimes, depend on offers which are attractive to users. To develop such offers, user needs must be considered in depth during the development process. Co-design is a promising approach to develop user-centered solutions but is yet underexplored when it comes to design of circular offerings. To facilitate co-design of circular offerings, games present one opportunity but have previously primarily been used to support understanding, creation, and learning in relation to circular economy. This paper explores how games can support co-design of user-centred circular offerings by presenting insights from an analysis of existing circularity-related games and summarizing insights from literature. Eight circularity-related games were played to identify benefits and drawbacks. Relevant literature was also reviewed to synthesise recommendations for a game aimed at supporting co-design of user-centred circular offerings. The results show none of the existing circularity-related games include a deep understanding of users’ needs and only a few go beyond mere learning and actually contribute to developing companies’ offerings. Identified recommendations suggest games will have higher potential to support co-design of user-centred circular offerings if they, for example, enable co-design with users and co-creation with multiple stakeholders in the business ecosystem, provide game elements that represent circular challenges and opportunities in a realistic and dynamic way, and create bridges from the game to the real world. Future game development should hence take such recommendations into account, while ensuring the developed games do not become too complicated to play.
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| 2. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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User-centered circular value propositions – approaches in practice and research
- 2024
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circular value propositions enable companies to build business models based on value preservation and circular resource flows. Circular value propositions also allow people to live more sustainably by facilitating increased utilization and resource efficiency. However, despite potential, transitions to circular business models remain low. One reason may be that circular value propositions are less attractive because they are often not developed with a user-centered approach and thus fail to meet people’s everyday needs. Through interviews with 13 companies and a literature study, this paper explores how companies consider user needs and involve users during development of circular value propositions. It also identifies conditions and actions that aid development of attractive circular offers. The findings are synthesized in a framework describing six enabling conditions and a definition of user-centered circular value propositions useful for circular economy practice and research.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Björkdahl, Joakim, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Business model innovation processes: Looking forward and looking backward
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, August 5-9, Anaheim, California.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Business model innovation processes in established firms that are running profitable businesses are currently poorly investigated. By drawing on the problem-solving perspective, this papers shows that the identification and formulation of problems guide business model innovation processes. Findings from case studies of three world leading manufacturing firms show that the main encountered business model problems included product-market fit, value capture failure, and customers’ lack of trust and risk aversion towards novel solutions. Based on the empirical evidence, this paper proposes determinants necessary for progression of the business model innovation process: (1) By theoretically equating business model innovation processes with search, to profit firms shift from experiential or backward-looking search to forward-looking or cognitive search to create or discover new business model options. This shift is not sufficient for business model innovation; (2) To progress there may be a need for changes in the complexity of the problems, altering the firm’s fitness landscape allowing for backward- looking problem-solving by drawing on existing knowledge and capabilities, and (3) Firms need to ‘risk their business’ by moving from offline evaluation to online evaluation for the business model innovation to come to fruition. In the general case, each of the main problems may need to progress across (1)-(3) for a business model innovation to emerge. The contribution of the paper is a change in the unit of analysis by focusing on problem formulation and problem solving, and introduces a mechanism for explaining how business model innovation processes unfolds. This mechanism is also able to handle prior explainations on business model innovation processes; the sequential and experimental approaches.
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| 5. |
- Björkdahl, Joakim, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining business model innovation processes: A problem formulation and problem solving perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - New York : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 105, s. 223-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explains the business model innovation processes in industrial firms. Drawing on three case studies of leading business-to-business firms shifting from product-based to service-based business models, it introduces problems as a theoretical concept to explain business model innovation processes. We show how formulating and solving problems guide the search for a viable business model and why some problem formulation and solving activities lead firms to shift between backward-looking and forward-looking searches. The decision to shift to a forward-looking search is triggered by the perception of failure to continue with an established way of working, while the shift to a backward-looking search is based on the perception of high alternative costs. We contribute to the business model innovation and servitization literature by theorizing the process of business model innovation and providing implications for managers.
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| 6. |
- Björkdahl, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Organizing for parallel business models in established firms
- 2018
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Ingår i: Academy of Management Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior business model innovation research has paid little attention to the various choices and decisions of organizing for parallel business models. This paper explores how established firms organize for new business models that are to be run in parallel with their primary business model. Empirically we study how Skanska and IKEA, two multinational corporations developed new business models by industrializing construction. Neither full separation nor full integration was a panacea for how to organize a new business model running in parallel with the primary because the firms were unable to determine what to organizationally integrate or separate prior to implementation of the new business model. The paper argues that firms are unlikely to know how to organize for parallel business models before they know how the new business model will operate.
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| 7. |
- Boyer, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional product circularity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 1088-1980 .- 1530-9290. ; 25:4, s. 824-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Understanding product circularity as ?three-dimensional? could anchor the Circular Economy to common principles while affording its followers flexibility about how to measure it in their specific sectors and disciplines and within their organization's means. Inspired by a heuristic developed for the urban planning profession to cope with the inherent conflicts of Sustainable Development, this article argues that measuring product-level circularity should consider ways to achieve (1) high material recirculation, (2) high utilization, and (3) high endurance in products and service offerings. Achieving all three dimensions ensures that material flowing through the economy is recovered from prior use phases, that it is used intensely, and that it retains its value in spite of exogenous changes. The article argues further that these three dimensions ought to be measured and reported separately rather than as a composite metric and that certain applications will have opportunities to improve circularity through certain dimensions better than others. The article also explains how researchers at RISE (Research Institutes of Sweden AB) are working with industry and government partners to measure the three dimensions and how diverse actors interested in the Circular Economy can use the three dimensions to take the first steps in their transition to circularity.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Diener, Derek, et al.
(författare)
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Ways of operating in business ecosystems to drive circular transitions
- 2021
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Ingår i: New Business Models in a Decade of Action: Sustainable • Evidence-based • Impactful. Full Conference Proceedings. New Business Models 2021, Halmstad, Sweden. ; , s. 150-156
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The circular economy megatrend demands that manufacturing firms change their business model, implying that great changes must happen in business ecosystems. This short paper is based on observations from research in three ecosystems and identifies avenues firms can take in business ecosystems when orchestrating implementation of circular economy goals.
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| 10. |
- Dopfer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Adapt and strive: How ventures under resource constraints create value through business model adaptations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley. - 0963-1690 .- 1467-8691. ; 26:3, s. 233-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper looks into how new ventures organize their business models in order to meet their available resources. It employs the business model as the unit of analysis to investigate the role and nature of business model adaptation as a coping mechanism with resource constraints. By drawing on a case study with two ventures starting with different resources, the paper shows how those ventures use business model adaptation under resource constraints as a way to create comparable offerings. Business model adaptation involves a process of continuous search, selection, and improvement in value creation, value proposition, and value capture, based on the surrounding environment. For the two new ventures included in this study, early business model adaptations were related to (1) market geography and customer, (2) strategy marketing, sales, and growth, (3) profit profit formula and cost structure, and (4) structures, processes, and capabilities. This paper also shows how the adaptation process is conditioned by the venture's stock and flow of resources. Bringing a resource perspective into the process of business model adaptation implies practical implications for new ventures that are developing and adapting their business models to strategically co-develop their offering with their resources such that they match required adaptations.
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| 11. |
- Fallahi, Sara, 1985
(författare)
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A Process View of Business Model Innovation
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In an era of globalization, cross-fertilization of technologies and industries, and changing markets, firms are introducing new ways of creating or capturing value through Business Model Innovations (BMI). In recent years, BMI has become one of the priorities of practitioners, and has attracted the interest of scholars since product or process innovations on their own are perceived insufficient in the current internet era when other sources of competitive advantage are being needed. However, BMI can be difficult to manage for many firms, and despite increasing debate in the field, there is a lack of understanding about how BMI processes unfold. The purpose of this thesis is to explore BMI processes in multiple industrial and organizational contexts. To achieve this, the thesis is based on four papers written during the course of this PhD research which draw on empirical studies of diverse industries such as manufacturing, automotive, construction, publishing, and home furnishing. The firms studied in this thesis are new ventures developing new Business Models (BMs), Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), and multinational corporations that have been working with BMI, either in parallel or as a substitute to their existing BMs. The empirical observations support the distinction of two approaches to BMI: purposeful and unintentional. Purposeful BMI tends to be planned and starts with attentive cognitive search for a new BM, including recursive conceptualization, creation and offline evaluation of alternative BMs. The process is followed by experiential learning and adaptation of the new BM. Unintentional BMI refers to the emergence of a new BM as an outcome of the resolution of one or a number of major BM problems, to support other innovation activities. Thus, unintentional BMI processes take off from existing BMs and are characterized by a sequence of major problem formulation and solving which are orchestrated by shifts between experiential and cognitive search for solutions. My observations suggest that the antecedents to BMI may explain why in some cases, BMIs emerge unintentionally and in others firms embark purposefully on BMI. I discuss organizational implementation of BMIs in relation to how firms decide about the degree of separation and integration between parallel BMs. It is argued that the decision about how to structure parallel BMs cannot be made ex ante but emerges through the process of search for a new BM. The contributions of this thesis are threefold; First it contributes to the emerging conceptualizations of BMI processes by explaining how BMI processes unfold in the two distinct spaces of ‘new BM design’ and ‘existing BM transformation’. Second, the thesis contributes to the BMI literature by introducing problem as a mechanism and theoretical construct for understanding BMI processes in established firms. While the prior literature emphasizes patterns of shift between cognitive search and experiential learning when firms search for a new BM, they do not explain under what circumstances firms embark on either mode of search. Using the problem as the unit of analysis provides an important theoretical basis for conceptualizing the dynamics of the BM by understanding sequential shifts between the two modes of learning along the BMI process. Third, the thesis contributes to the growing debates on how to organize parallel BMs by showing that what is to be separated between the BMs depends on the specific context of the firm. Prior to answering the question of how separated parallel BMs should be, firms need to make sure that they have a viable BM and understand how it operates.
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| 12. |
- Fallahi, Sara, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Application of Bayesian networks in corrective maintenance safety
- 2011
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Ingår i: Internationa Symposium on Occupational Safety and Hygiene, 10th - 11th February 2011. - 9789729950476 ; , s. 261-264
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractThe emphasis of this exploratory paper is on some maintenance related accidents occurred during previous decades and the aim is to develop a model for preventing such accidents by understanding the major causes and the influencing factors among them. The model is intended to explain the affecting factors in a fatal accident and how they are related to one another. To fulfil the aim of study, a Bayesian network model was developed using the GeNIe 2.0 software and further on the relations between different factors were assigned. The model was developed based on a case study of Tosco Avon refinery accident in Martinez, California occurred on February 23rd, 1999 where four workers were killed in a fiery accident. The proposed model could predict the final result of the execution of a corrective maintenance process to make a safer decision. Since the model was developed based on Tosco Avon refinery accident case, validation has been carried out regarding some other accidents. The results showed that the proposed model is a suitable tool to predict the outcomes of an action in corrective maintenance. In addition the model can be adjusted to different applications.
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| 13. |
- Fallahi, Sara, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Financing solutions for circular business models : Exploring the role of business ecosystems and artificial intelligence
- 2023
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 0964-4733 .- 1099-0836. ; 32:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The circular economy promotes a transition away from linear modes of production and consumption to systems with circular material flows that can significantly improve resource productivity. However, transforming linear business models to circular business models posits a number of financial consequences for product companies as they need to secure more capital in a stock of products that will be rented out over time and therefore will encounter a slower, more volatile cash flow in the short term compared to linear direct sales of products. This paper discusses the role of financial actors in circular business ecosystems and alternative financing solutions when moving from product-dominant business models to Product-as-a-Service (PaaS) or function-based business models. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates a solution where state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) modeling can be incorporated for financial risk assessment. We provide an open implementation and a thorough empirical evaluation of an AI-model, which learns to predict residual value of stocks of used items. Furthermore, the paper highlights solutions, managerial implications, and potentials for financing circular business models, argues the importance of different forms of data in future business ecosystems, and offers recommendations for how AI can help mitigate some of the challenges businesses face as they transition to circular business models. © 2022 The Authors.
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| 14. |
- Fallahi, Sara, 1985-
(författare)
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In Search of a Route Map: Exploring Business Model Innovation Processes in Established Firms
- 2018
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Ingår i: Academy of Management Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the millennium, discussion of business models as important vehicles and sources of innovation has increased. This paper explores the process of business model innovation in seven established firms from various industries. The findings provide evidence that business model innovation can follow a purposeful, or an unintentional and emerging process. Purposeful business model innovation occurs under conditions of perceived threats and is characterized by greater uncertainty, and the parallel design and implementation of several new business model elements that are organized in a separate business. The analyses reveal also that when embarking on the emerging process, the intention of managers was not necessarily to renew the firm's business model but rather to work on the design and development of a new value proposition. However, the complementarities among business model elements directed their attention to the changes required in other business model elements which ultimately resulted in a new business model as the process outcome. The main contribution of this paper is therefore to business model research by providing an explanatory, rather than prescriptive, approach to the process of business model innovation.
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| 15. |
- Fallahi, Sara, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Organizing business model innovation in established firms
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research focusing on business model innovation tends to either be case-based, studying the transformation of a firm’s business model, or normative in terms of how to implement new business models. Prior research has tended to neglect the various choices and decisions of the organization for business model innovation and the mechanisms that lead to good or poor business model implementation performance. This paper identifies mechanisms that influence the performance of the business model innovation process. Empirically, the paper draws on two case studies of two multinational firms, Skanska and IKEA, and how they organized their business model innovation processes. The paper identifies four mechanisms, including search, leadership, commitment, and external collaboration, derived from within-case and cross-case analysis. The paper contributes to the growing field of business model innovation by showing important mechanisms that influence the potential and performance of the implemented business model innovations.
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| 16. |
- Fallahi, Sara, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Recruitment Equality & Diversity Opportunities : Slutrapport för forskningsprojektet ’Rekrytering till sjöfarten – måste sjömän vara män?’
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När #metoo-rörelsen svepte över världen startade kvinnor i sjöfarten i Sverige ett eget upprop som lyfte ett stort antal frågor rörande den sociala arbetsmiljön ombord, detta blev under 2018 startskottet för initiativet Vågrätt.Vågrätt är ett samarbete mellan branschföreningar/arbetsgivarorganisationer, fackföreningar, akademi, myndigheter, studentföreningar och ideella organisationer inom den svenska sjöfartssektorn med målet att skapa en sjöfartssektor med arbetsmiljö i världsklass, med en nollvision om trakasserier och diskriminering för alla som arbetar inom sjöfartssektorn i Sverige.Med grund i detta startades forskningsprojektet REDO (Recruitment Equality & Diversity Opportunities) i januari 2020 som ett samarbetsprojekt mellan RISE Research Institutes of Sweden och Sjöfartsverket med en vision att förbättra den sociala arbetsmiljön ur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv.Syftet med REDO är att skapa en trygg och inkluderande sjöfartsindustri där fler kvinnor ska vilja söka jobb till sjöss, samt känna sig motiverade och inspirerade att stanna kvar. Detta är ett förhållningssätt som behöver omfatta alla, från högsta ledningen till varje medarbetare.I detta projekt har vi använt Design Thinking som den övergripande, användarcentrerade problemformuleringen och lösningsmetoden. För att identifiera drivkrafter och hinder för ökad mångfald och rekrytering av fler kvinnor inom sjöfarten har vi genomfört undersökningar, intervjuer och workshops med kvinnor som arbetar eller har arbetat i sjöfartsbranschen i olika roller. En benchmarkstudie av andra mansdominerade branscher och deras mångfaldsstrategier genom marknadsföring och kommunikation, mentorskap och nätverksinitiativ, samt förändring av befintliga normer och arbetskulturer, har gett inspiration till hur sjöfartsnäringen kan hantera jämlikhet och mångfald för att förbättra den sociala arbetsmiljön ombord.Denna rapport avser att sammanfatta de resultat och insikter som genererats genom detta projekt och att ge rekommendationer för hur sjöfartsnäringen kan fortsätta att främja mångfald genom att erbjuda en social arbetsmiljö som är byggd på tre hörnstenar av trygghet, inkludering och motivation. Mer detaljerad dokumentation av resultat från olika genomförda studier kompletterar denna rapport som fyra bilagor.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Holmén, Magnus, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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How does concept development contribute to successful launch? Exploring the role and the sources of Hard-to-Imitate Signals
- 2012
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Ingår i: DRUID 2012, Copenhagen, CBS June 19 - 21.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explains why CD activities are valuable from a signaling perspective. By signaling, the firm attempts to influence the behavior of a customer. However, as most signals can be imitated or faked by competitors, a signal will only be effective from the firm‘s perspective if it is perceived as reliable by customers, which requires the signal to be costly or hard to imitate. This paper explains why repeated customer interaction during the CD phase can create new or significantly improved capabilities on the one hand, and create lead users on the other hand. The creation of new capabilities and lead users are two sources of Hard to Imitate Signals (HIS) which are perceived as reliable by customers and thus contribute to innovation and market diffusion. The paper discusses some general implications of the signaling perspective for CD.
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| 19. |
- Karlsson, Marianne, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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A National Approach to Assessing the Impacts of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings ICOMAAS. 2nd International Conference on Mobility as a Service. ; , s. 357-365
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To systematically assess the environmental, economic and social impacts of different types of MaaS, a common evaluation framework is essential. Within the KOMPIS project, a framework is developed with a basis in former projects (e.g. MaaSiFiE and IRIMS), complementary literature studies, and workshops involving different stakeholders. The framework consists of three interrelated levels; a traveller level, an organizational business level, and a societal level. For each level, performance indicators (KPIs) of ecologic, economic, and social impacts have been formulated as well as a specification of the data that must be collected. In addition, for each level a model describes the interdependency between factors termed ‘preconditions’, ‘evaluation/decision’ and ‘action’. These factors explain and describe background information that is to be collected in order to explain the outcome of impact assessments. The framework and associated data collection tools are available on the KOMPIS project website. In a next phase, feedback is to be provided by MaaS pilots to further develop the framework and related tools.
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| 20. |
- Magnerius, Mathias, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Circular electric vehicle battery supply chains and their performance
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study explores how different circular electric vehicle (EV) battery supply chain setups affect performance in terms of economy, environmental impact, logistical efficiency, and full lifecycle battery performance. Through a systematic literature review combined with empirical data from semi-structured interviews and a workshop, it is made evident that a dichotomy of two major trends is emerging and that the implications these have on performance are not well-understood. The massive growth expected in the EV market makes this a pressing issue which requires further study. This paper contributes with an empirically grounded discussion about the current developments and research gaps in this area.
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| 21. |
- Olsson, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Circular Business Models for Extended EV Battery Life
- 2018
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Ingår i: Batteries. - : MDPI AG. - 2313-0105. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the near future, a large volume of electric vehicle (EV) batteries will reach their end-of-life in EVs. However, they may still retain capacity that could be used in a second life, e.g., for a second use in an EV, or for home electricity storage, thus becoming part of the circular economy instead of becoming waste. The aim of this paper is to explore second life of EV batteries to provide an understanding of how the battery value chain and related business models can become more circular. We apply qualitative research methods and draw on data from interviews and workshops with stakeholders, to identify barriers to and opportunities for second use of EV batteries. New business models are conceptualized, in which increased economic viability of second life and recycling and increased business opportunities for stakeholders may lead to reduced resource consumption. The results show that although several stakeholders see potential in second life, there are several barriers, many of which are of an organizational and cognitive nature. The paper concludes that actors along the battery value chain should set up new collaborations with other actors to be able to benefit from creating new business opportunities and developing new business models together.
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| 22. |
- Zec, Edvin Listo, et al.
(författare)
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Residual value prediction using deep learning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Big Data 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665480451 ; , s. 4560-4567
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Great environmental problems are facing us at an unprecedented level.One way of approaching these global challenges is by transitioning from a linear economy to a circular one. In a circular economy, product and material flows become circular, which can significantly improve resource efficiency for environmental sustainability. This can help with minimizing waste and pollution and aid in the regeneration of nature.Meanwhile, transitioning from linear business models to circular business models (CBMs) often leads to a number of financial risks for product companies, since they need to secure more capital in a stock of products that will be rented out over time. This leads to a slower, more volatile cash flow in the short term compared to linear direct sales of products.In this work, we address this problem by reducing the uncertainty of the future value of products. This can increase the willingness among financiers to be part of the development of new circular business models (CBMs). In particular, we study the predictability of online auction end prices using machine learning. The models are trained and evaluated on data collected from a Swedish online auction site.Our results show that deep learning is able to model the residual value of second-hand items on the market using user-uploaded text and images. Our hypothesis is that this technique will be useful to estimate the value of second-hand inventories and to help estimate the value of circular businesses, aiding in a transition from a linear to a circular economy.
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