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- Fant, Camilla, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Complexation Chemistry for Tuning Release from Polymer Coatings
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5207 .- 1520-6106. ; 110:43, s. 21808-21815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strategy of metal ion complexation is employed to design a delivery system for an antifouling agent (AFA) in marine paints. A poly(1-vinylimidazole- co-methyl methacrylate) copolymer (PVM), together with Cu 2+ or Zn 2+ formed a PVM-M 2+ complex. The AFA, Medetomidine, was then coordinated into the complex. The coordination strength was investigated in solution by 1 H NMR and on solid surfaces by using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring technique (QCM-D) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). From the 1 H NMR experiments strong interactions were observed between Cu 2+ and the PVM-polymer and between Medetomidine and the PYM-Cu 2+ complex. From the QCM-D and SPR measurements it was shown that Cu 2+ , compared to Zn 2+ , exhibited a larger affinity for the PVM-copolymer surface that resulted in higher degree of swelling of the polymer film. Large amounts of Medetomidine were adsorbed to the PVM-Cu 2+ complex resulting in low desorption rates. However, the adsorbed amount of Medetomidine was lowerto the Zn 2+ doped polymer and a higher desorption rate was observed. These results indicate the possibility of tuning the release of Medetomidine by altering the coordinating metal ion, which may prove to be favorable in a paint formulation. © 2006 American Chemical Society.
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| 16. |
- Fant, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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To Every Rule There is an Exception: A Rational Extension of Loewenstein's Rule
- 2021
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 60:10, s. 5132-5135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Loewenstein's rule, which states that Al−O−Al motifs are energetically unstable, is fundamental to the understanding and design of zeolites. Here, using a combination of electronic structure calculations and lattice models, we show under which circumstances this rule becomes invalid and how it can be rationally extended using the chabasite framework for demonstration.
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- HANDA, PAUL, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Antifouling Agent Release from Marine Coatings - Ion Pair Formation/Dissolution for Controlled Release
- 2006
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Ingår i: Progress in Organic Coatings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9440. ; 57:4, s. 376-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In marine coatings, the ability to sustain constant release of antifouling agents (AFA(s)) over a long period of time has become increasingly important. One efficient approach to prevent that diffusion depletes the paint film's antifouling activity is to adsorb the AFA strongly to a specie with low translational mobility, such as a high molecular weight polymer. Therefore, the AFA, Medetomidine, was adsorbed onto a sulfonated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SDPS) generating a Medetomidine-SDPS ion pair in an organic solvent. The interaction was investigated by 1 H NMR in butanol (BuOH-d 10 ) and on solid surfaces by the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring technique (QCM-D) in two different solvents, seawater and o-xylene. From the NMR studies in butanol (BuOH-d 10 ), a strong interaction between Medetomidine and SDPS was observed. From the QCM-D measurements, differences in affinity between Medetomidine and the SDPS was observed when changing from seawater to o-xylene. In seawater, the interaction was weak and displayed a large degree of reversibility compared to in o-xylene, where the interaction was strong and almost irreversible. Different swelling behaviour was also observed at the solid surfaces depending on the solvent used with o-xylene exhibiting the largest swelling of the polymer layer. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Nyman, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
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Contaminant exposure and effects in Baltic ringed and grey seals as assessed by biomarkers
- 2003
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. ; 55:1, s. 73-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Baltic Sea ecosystem has suffered from a heavy pollutant load for more than three decades. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals have been of most concern due to their persistence and toxic properties. Ringed seals (Phoca hispida baltica) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) living in the Baltic Sea have been suffering from pathological impairments, including reproductive disturbances, which have resulted in a depressed reproductive capacity. We investigated several biochemical parameters as potential biomarkers for exposure to and effects of the contaminant load in the Baltic seals. Seals from less polluted areas were used as reference material in terms of the pollution load. In both Baltic seal populations, the levels of some biochemical parameters diverged from those in the reference seals, and some of these showed a clear correlation with the individual contaminant load. Of the potential bioindicators, we propose cytochrome P4501A activity and vitamin E levels, in blubber or plasma, as exposure biomarkers for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in both species. The arylhydrocarbon receptor-mediated chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) response reflects the whole PCB and DDT burden in ringed seals. Retinyl palmitate (vitamin A) levels showed a negative correlation with the individual POP load, and is proposed as potential effect biomarkers for the depletion of the vitamin A stores. As the nutritional levels of both vitamin A and E have an impact on the vitamin levels in the seals, more information on the dietary vitamin levels is needed before any conclusions can be drawn. As the relationship between biochemical parameters and contaminants varied between the two species, species-specific characteristics has to be considered when monitoring the health status and possible toxic effects of the contaminant load in ringed and grey seals.
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| 20. |
- Shtykova, Lyuba, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption of antifouling booster biocides on metal oxide nanoparticles: Effect of different metal oxides and solvents
- 2009
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Ingår i: Progress in Organic Coatings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9440. ; 64:1, s. 20-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Controlling the release rate of biocides (antifouling agents) from a paint coating is a key issue for the development of multi-season antifouling marine coatings. One promising approach is the use of nanoparticles onto which biocides are adsorbed to prevent premature depletion of the biocide. Adsorption of one novel (Medetomidine) and six commercially available and widely used antifouling biocides (Chlorothalonile, Dichlofluanid, Diuron, Irgarol, Seanine, Tolylfluanid) onto oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO, MgO, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO) was investigated by HPLC and NMR in different organic solvents. Large differences in adsorption strength depending on the type of nanoparticle and solvent employed were observed. It was shown that nanoparticles coordinate preferentially with the imidazole moiety of Medetomidine. Independent of the type of particle this interaction was considerably stronger in comparison to the other biocides. However, the interaction strength was strongly dependant on the type of solvent, where the largest strongest interaction was achieved in o-xylene. In addition field tests were performed where a considerable decrease in release rate was displayed from coatings containing Medetomidine adsorbed to nanoparticles compared to coatings containing Medetomidine as single additive.
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