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- Rha, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of Surveillance Case Definitions in Detecting Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Young Children Hospitalized With Severe Respiratory Illness : South Africa, 2009-2014
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 2048-7193 .- 2048-7207. ; 8:4, s. 325-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in young children, but data on surveillance case definition performance in estimating burdens have been limited.Methods: We enrolled children aged <5 years hospitalized for ALRTI (or neonatal sepsis in young infants) through active prospective surveillance at 5 sentinel hospitals in South Africa and collected nasopharyngeal aspirates from them for RSV molecular diagnostic testing between 2009 and 2014. Clinical data were used to characterize RSV disease and retrospectively evaluate the performance of respiratory illness case definitions (including the World Health Organization definition for severe acute respiratory infection [SARI]) in identifying hospitalized children with laboratory-confirmed RSV according to age group (<3, 3-5, 6-11, 12-23, and 24-59 months).Results: Of 9969 hospitalized children, 2723 (27%) tested positive for RSV. Signs and symptoms in RSV-positive children varied according to age; fever was less likely to occur in children aged <3 months (57%; odds ratio [OR], 0.8 [95% CI, 0.7-0.9]) but more likely in those aged >= 12 months (82%; OR, 1.7-1.9) than RSV-negative children. The sensitivity (range, 55%-81%) and specificity (range, 27%-54%) of the SARI case definition to identify hospitalized RSV-positive children varied according to age; the lowest sensitivity was for infants aged <6 months. Using SARI as the case definition would have missed 36% of RSV-positive children aged <5 years and 49% of those aged <3 months; removing the fever requirement from the definition recovered most missed cases.Conclusion: Including fever in the SARI case definition lowers the sensitivity for RSV case detection among young children hospitalized with an ALRTI and likely underestimates its burden.
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| 3. |
- Harapan, Harapan, et al.
(författare)
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Monkeypox : A Comprehensive Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 14:10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 2022 multi-country monkeypox outbreak in humans has brought new public health adversity on top of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The disease has spread to 104 countries throughout six continents of the world, with the highest burden in North America and Europe. The etiologic agent, monkeypox virus (MPXV), has been known since 1959 after isolation from infected monkeys, and virulence among humans has been reported since the 1970s, mainly in endemic countries in West and Central Africa. However, the disease has re-emerged in 2022 at an unprecedented pace, with particular concern on its human-to-human transmissibility and community spread in non-endemic regions. As a mitigation effort, healthcare workers, public health policymakers, and the general public worldwide need to be well-informed on this relatively neglected viral disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of monkeypox, including the following aspects: epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. In addition, the current review discusses the preventive and control measures, the latest vaccine developments, and the future research areas in this re-emerging viral disease that was declared as a public health emergency of international concern.
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