| 1. |
- Böhm, M., et al.
(författare)
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The conservation status of the world’s freshwater molluscs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 848, s. 3231-3254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the biodiversity crisis continuing unchecked, we need to establish levels and drivers of extinction risk, and reassessments over time, to effectively allocate conservation resources and track progress towards global conservation targets. Given that threat appears particularly high in freshwaters, we assessed the extinction risk of 1428 randomly selected freshwater molluscs using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, as part of the Sampled Red List Index project. We show that close to one-third of species in our sample are estimated to be threatened with extinction, with highest levels of threat in the Nearctic, Palearctic and Australasia and among gastropods. Threat levels were higher in lotic than lentic systems. Pollution (chemical and physical) and the modification of natural systems (e.g. through damming and water abstraction) were the most frequently reported threats to freshwater molluscs, with some regional variation. Given that we found little spatial congruence between species richness patterns of freshwater molluscs and other freshwater taxa, apart from crayfish, new additional conservation priority areas emerged from our study. We discuss the implications of our findings for freshwater mollusc conservation, the adequacy of a sampled approach and important next steps to estimate trends in freshwater mollusc extinction risk over time. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 2. |
- Voitsekhovitch, I., et al.
(författare)
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Recent EUROfusion Achievements in Support of Computationally Demanding Multiscale Fusion Physics Simulations and Integrated Modeling
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fusion Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1536-1055 .- 1943-7641. ; 74:3, s. 186-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018, © 2018 The Authors. Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Integrated modeling (IM) of present experiments and future tokamak reactors requires the provision of computational resources and numerical tools capable of simulating multiscale spatial phenomena as well as fast transient events and relatively slow plasma evolution within a reasonably short computational time. Recent progress in the implementation of the new computational resources for fusion applications in Europe based on modern supercomputer technologies (supercomputer MARCONI-FUSION), in the optimization and speedup of the EU fusion-related first-principle codes, and in the development of a basis for physics codes/modules integration into a centrally maintained suite of IM tools achieved within the EUROfusion Consortium is presented. Physics phenomena that can now be reasonably modelled in various areas (core turbulence and magnetic reconnection, edge and scrape-off layer physics, radio-frequency heating and current drive, magnetohydrodynamic model, reflectometry simulations) following successful code optimizations and parallelization are briefly described. Development activities in support to IM are summarized. They include support to (1) the local deployment of the IM infrastructure and access to experimental data at various host sites, (2) the management of releases for sophisticated IM workflows involving a large number of components, and (3) the performance optimization of complex IM workflows.
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| 3. |
- Fadini, G. P., et al.
(författare)
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Reduced rates of overall hypoglycaemia in patients with Type 1 diabetes after switching to insulin degludec : A European, multinational, multicentre, prospective, observational study (ReFLeCT)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 36:Suppl. 1, s. 60-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of switching to once‐daily insulin degludec (degludec) from other basal insulins in patients with Type 1 diabetes in routine clinical practice.Methods: ReFLeCT was a multicentre, prospective, observational study in seven European countries in patients (≥18 years) with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, whose physician planned to switch their basal insulin to degludec (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02392117). ReFLeCT comprised a four week baseline period (pre‐switch basal insulin) and a 12 month follow‐up period (degludec). For the Type 1 diabetes cohort presented here, primary endpoint was changed from baseline in the rate of overall hypoglycaemia recorded in patient diaries.Results: Baseline characteristics (mean [SD]) for patients with Type 1 diabetes (n = 556) were: age 47.4 (15.7) years, diabetes duration 21.4 (13.5) years, HbA1c 8.1 (1.3)% (65.0 [14.2]mmol/mol), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 8.8 (3.9)mmol/l, pre‐switch basal insulin dose 25.0 (14.1)u/day, body mass index (BMI) 26.1 (4.7)kg/m2 and body weight 76.4 (15.6)kg. Estimated rate ratios of overall (0.80 [0.74; 0.88]95%CI), non‐severe (0.81 [0.74; 0.88]95%CI), severe (American Diabetes Association definition; 0.28 [0.14; 0.56]95%CI) and nocturnal (00:01−05:59am; 0.61 [0.50; 0.73]95%CI) hypoglycaemia illustrated significantly lower rates during 12 month follow‐up vs baseline. HbA1c, FPG and basal insulin dose decreased significantly by –0.15% [–0.23; –0.07]95%CI (–1.64mmol/mol [–2.51; –0.77]95%CI), –0.54mmol/l [–0.95; –0.14]95%CI and –2.21u/day [–2.90; –1.53]95%CI, respectively, and body weight was 0.79kg [0.38; 1.20]95%CI higher, at 12 month follow‐up vs baseline.Conclusion: Switching from other basal insulins to degludec significantly reduced the rates of hypoglycaemia and improved glycaemic control at lower basal insulin doses in patients with Type 1 diabetes in routine clinical practice.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- de Valk, H.W., et al.
(författare)
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Switching to insulin degludec from other basal insulins reduces rates of hypoglycemia across patient subgroups in routine clinical care : The ReFleCT study
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ReFLeCT, a multicenter, prospective, observational study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of switching from other basal insulins to insulin degludec (degludec) in patients with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) in routine clinical practice. ReFLeCT comprised a 4-week baseline period (pre-switch basal insulin) and 12-month follow-up period (degludec). The primary endpoint of overall hypoglycemia reported in patient diaries was reduced during the 12-month follow-up period vs. baseline, without compromising glycemic control. In pre-specified subgroup analyses of the primary endpoint, we assessed if the overall result was robust in different subgroups, characterized according to baseline A1C (<7.5, ≥7.5-<8.5, ≥8.5-<9.5, ≥9.5%), diabetes duration (quartiles) and physician’s reason for initiating degludec (hypoglycemia [Yes/No]). The estimated rate ratios of hypoglycemia were similar within subgroups (no significant interactions), and demonstrated overall lower rates (the majority significantly lower) during the 12-month follow-up periods vs. baseline in patients with T1D or T2D (Figure). Irrespective of baseline characteristics or physician’s reason for initiating degludec, switching to degludec from other basal insulins reduced rates of overall hypoglycemia in patients with T1D or T2D, in routine clinical practice.
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| 7. |
- Feher, M., et al.
(författare)
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Hypoglycaemia, irrespective of the definition used, is reduced when switching to insulin degludec from other basal insulins in routine clinical care : The ReFLeCT study
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aims: ReFLeCT was a multicentre, prospective, observational study designed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of switching to insulin degludec (degludec) from other basal insulins in patients with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Few studies had prospectively collected hypoglycaemia data from patient diaries following a switch to degludec in everyday clinical practice. These additional analyses from the ReFLeCT study aimed to assess the effects of switching to degludec according to different hypoglycaemia definitions.Materials and methods: ReFLeCT comprised a 4-week baseline period (pre-switch basal insulin) and a 12-month follow-up period (degludec treatment). The primary endpoint of overall hypoglycaemia reported in patient diaries was reduced during follow-up vs baseline in T1D and T2D with improvement of glycaemic control, as previously reported. Here, hypoglycaemia data from ReFLeCT were analysed using pre-specified and updated (post hoc) American Diabetes Association (ADA) hypoglycaemia definitions. Definitions consisted of: documented asymptomatic and symptomatic, pseudo, probable symptomatic, and Level 1, 2 and 3 (severe) hypoglycaemia (Fig). Hypoglycaemic events were analysed using fully adjusted, negative binomial regression models.Results: In T1D (n=556) and T2D (n=611), estimated rate ratios across the previous and the updated ADA hypoglycaemia definitions were significantly lower during the 12-month follow-up vs the baseline period, except for asymptomatic hypoglycaemia in T1D and Level 3 hypoglycaemia in T2D (due to a low number of severe hypoglycaemic events, no comparable statistics were performed) (Fig). Event rates per patient year were also lower for all definitions during the 12-month follow-up vs the baseline period, except for Level 3 hypoglycaemia in T2D, which marginally increased, although this was likely due to the low number of events in this group.Conclusion: In patients with T1D and T2D, switching to degludec from other basal insulins in routine clinical care is associated with lower rates of hypoglycaemia across a broad range of hypoglycaemia definitions, in combination with improved glycaemic control.
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| 8. |
- Kevei, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Forward genetic analysis of the circadian clock separates the multiple functions of ZEITLUPE.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 140:3, s. 933-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The circadian system of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) includes feedback loops of gene regulation that generate 24-h oscillations. Components of these loops remain to be identified; none of the known components is completely understood, including ZEITLUPE (ZTL), a gene implicated in regulated protein degradation. ztl mutations affect both circadian and developmental responses to red light, possibly through ZTL interaction with PHYTOCHROME B (PHYB). We conducted a large-scale genetic screen that identified additional clock-affecting loci. Other mutants recovered include 11 new ztl alleles encompassing mutations in each of the ZTL protein domains. Each mutation lengthened the circadian period, even in dark-grown seedlings entrained to temperature cycles. A mutation of the LIGHT, OXYGEN, VOLTAGE (LOV)/Period-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domain was unique in retaining wild-type responses to red light both for the circadian period and for control of hypocotyl elongation. This uncoupling of ztl phenotypes indicates that interactions of ZTL protein with multiple factors must be disrupted to generate the full ztl mutant phenotype. Protein interaction assays showed that the ztl mutant phenotypes were not fully explained by impaired interactions with previously described partner proteins Arabidopsis S-phase kinase-related protein 1, TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1, and PHYB. Interaction with PHYB was unaffected by mutation of any ZTL domain. Mutation of the kelch repeat domain affected protein binding at both the LOV/PAS and the F-box domains, indicating that interaction among ZTL domains leads to the strong phenotypes of kelch mutations. Forward genetics continues to provide insight regarding both known and newly discovered components of the circadian system, although current approaches have saturated mutations at some loci.
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| 9. |
- Feher, O., et al.
(författare)
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A CO survey on a sample of Herschel cold clumps
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The physical state of cold cloud clumps has a great impact on the process and efficiency of star formation and the masses of the forming stars inside these objects. The sub-millimetre survey of the Planck space observatory and the far-infrared follow-up mapping of the Herschel space telescope provide an unbiased, large sample of these cold objects. Aims. We have observed (CO)-C-12(1-0) and (CO)-C-13(1-0) emission in 35 high-density clumps in 26 Herschel fields sampling different environments in the Galaxy. Here, we aim to derive the physical properties of the objects and estimate their gravitational stability. Methods. The densities and temperatures of the clumps were calculated from both the dust continuum and the molecular line data. Kinematic distances were derived using (CO)-C-13(1-0) line velocities to verify previous distance estimates and the sizes and masses of the objects were calculated by fitting 2D Gaussian functions to their optical depth distribution maps on 250 mu m. The masses and virial masses were estimated assuming an upper and lower limit on the kinetic temperatures and considering uncertainties due to distance limitations. Results. The derived excitation temperatures are between 8.5-19.5 K, and for most clumps between 10 15 K, while the Herschel-derived dust colour temperatures are more uniform, between 12 16 K. The sizes (0.1-3 pc), (CO)-C-13 column densities (0.5-44 x 10(15) cm(-2)) and masses (from less than 0.1 M-circle dot to more than 1500 M-circle dot) of the objects all span broad ranges. We provide new kinematic distance estimates, identify gravitationally bound or unbound structures and discuss their nature. Conclusions. The sample contains objects on a wide scale of temperatures, densities and sizes. Eleven gravitationally unbound clumps were found, many of them smaller than 0.3 pc, but large, parsec-scale clouds with a few hundred solar masses appear as well. Colder clumps have generally high column densities but warmer objects appear at both low and higher column densities. The clump column densities derived from the line and dust observations correlate well, but are heavily affected by uncertainties of the dust properties, varying molecular abundances and optical depth effects.
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| 11. |
- Papp, Gergely, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of magnetic perturbations on runaway dynamics
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the13th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems. ; , s. IAEA-F1-TM-44766 / I12-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disruptions in large tokamaks can lead to the generation of a relativistic runaway (RE) electron beam that may cause serious damage to the first wall. To suppress the RE beamthe application of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) has been suggested. We investigate the effect of resonant magnetic perturbations by simulating the RE drift orbits inmagnetostatic perturbed fields and calculating the transport and orbit losses for various particle energies and different magnetic perturbation configurations. In the simulations we use model configurations with the planned ITER RMP system and solve the relativistic, gyro-averaged drift equations for the runaway electrons including radiation losses and collisions. The results indicate that runaway electrons are rapidly lost from regions where thenormalised perturbation amplitude δB/B is larger than ∼0.1% in a properly chosen perturbation geometry. This corresponds to the outer half of the confinement volume in ITER. We show that despite the chaotic magnetic topology the ensemble behaviour can only be approximated by a diffusion process.
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| 12. |
- Papp, Gergely, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of the ITER-like wall on runaway electron generation in JET
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 53:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the effect of the ITER-like wall (ILW) on runaway electron (RE) generation through a comparative study of similar slow argon injection JET disruptions, performed with different wall materials. In the carbon wall case, a RE plateau is observed, while in the ITER-like wall case, the current quench is slower and the runaway current is negligibly small. The aim of the paper is to shed light on the reason for these differences by detailed numerical modelling to study which factors affected the RE formation. The post-disruption current profile is calculated by a one-dimensional model of electric field, temperature and runaway current taking into account the impurity injection. Scans of various impurity contents are performed and agreement with the experimental scenarios is obtained for reasonable argon and wall impurity contents. Our modelling shows that the reason for the changed RE dynamics is a complex, combined effect of the differences in plasma parameter profiles, the radiation characteristics of beryllium and carbon, and the difference of the injected argon amount. These together lead to a significantly higher Dreicer generation rate in the carbon wall case, which is less prone to being suppressed by RE loss mechanisms. The results indicate that the differences are greatly reduced above ~50% argon content, suggesting that significant RE current is expected in future massive gas injection experiments on both JET and ITER.
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