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1.
  • Alaie, Iman, et al. (författare)
  • Adolescent depression, early psychiatric comorbidities, and adulthood welfare burden : a 25-year longitudinal cohort study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 56:11, s. 1993-2004
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Depression at all ages is recognized as a global public health concern, but less is known about the welfare burden following early-life depression. This study aimed to (1) estimate the magnitude of associations between depression in adolescence and social transfer payments in adulthood; and (2) address the impact of major comorbid psychopathology on these associations.METHODS: This is a longitudinal cohort study of 539 participants assessed at age 16-17 using structured diagnostic interviews. An ongoing 25-year follow-up linked the cohort (n = 321 depressed; n = 218 nondepressed) to nationwide population-based registries. Outcomes included consecutive annual data on social transfer payments due to unemployment, work disability, and public assistance, spanning from age 18 to 40. Parameter estimations used the generalized estimating equations approach.RESULTS: Adolescent depression was associated with all forms of social transfer payments. The estimated overall payment per person and year was 938 USD (95% CI 551-1326) over and above the amount received by nondepressed controls. Persistent depressive disorder was associated with higher recipiency across all outcomes, whereas the pattern of findings was less clear for subthreshold and episodic major depression. Moreover, depressed adolescents presenting with comorbid anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders evidenced particularly high recipiency, exceeding the nondepressed controls with an estimated 1753 USD (95% CI 887-2620).CONCLUSION: Adolescent depression is associated with considerable public expenditures across early-to-middle adulthood, especially for those exposed to chronic/persistent depression and psychiatric comorbidities. This finding suggests that the clinical heterogeneity of early-life depression needs to be considered from a longer-term societal perspective.
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2.
  • Alaie, Iman, et al. (författare)
  • Uppsala Longitudinal Adolescent Depression Study (ULADS)
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 9:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: To present the Uppsala Longitudinal Adolescent Depression Study, initiated in Uppsala, Sweden, in the early 1990s. The initial aim of this epidemiological investigation was to study the prevalence, characteristics and correlates of adolescent depression, and has subsequently expanded to include a broad range of social, economic and health-related long-term outcomes and cost-of-illness analyses.Participants: The source population was first-year students (aged 16-17) in upper-secondary schools in Uppsala during 1991-1992, of which 2300 (93%) were screened for depression. Adolescents with positive screening and sex/age-matched peers were invited to a comprehensive assessment. A total of 631 adolescents (78% females) completed this assessment, and 409 subsequently completed a 15year follow-up assessment. At both occasions, extensive information was collected on mental disorders, personality and psychosocial situation. Detailed social, economic and health-related data from 1993 onwards have recently been obtained from the Swedish national registries for 576 of the original participants and an age-matched reference population (N=200 000).Findings to date: The adolescent lifetime prevalence of a major depressive episode was estimated to be 11.4%. Recurrence in young adulthood was reported by the majority, with a particularly poor prognosis for those with a persistent depressive disorder or multiple somatic symptoms. Adolescent depression was also associated with an increased risk of other adversities in adulthood, including additional mental health conditions, low educational attainment and problems related to intimate relationships.Future plans: Longitudinal studies of adolescent depression are rare and must be responsibly managed and utilised. We therefore intend to follow the cohort continuously by means of registries. Currently, the participants are approaching mid-adulthood. At this stage, we are focusing on the overall long-term burden of adolescent depression. For this purpose, the research group has incorporated expertise in health economics. We would also welcome extended collaboration with researchers managing similar datasets.
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3.
  • Ssegonja, Richard, et al. (författare)
  • Depressive disorders in adolescence, recurrence in early adulthood, and healthcare usage in mid-adulthood : A longitudinal cost-of-illness study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : ELSEVIER. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 258, s. 33-41
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Depression in adolescence is associated with increased healthcare consumption in adulthood, but prior research has not recognized the heterogeneity of depressive disorders. This paper investigated the additional healthcare usage and related costs in mid-adulthood for individuals with adolescent depression, and examined the mediating role of subsequent depression in early adulthood.Methods: This study was based on the Uppsala Longitudinal Adolescent Depression Study, initiated in Sweden in the early 1990s. Depressive disorders were assessed in adolescence (age 16-17) and early adulthood (age 19-30). Healthcare usage and related costs in mid-adulthood (age 31-40) were estimated using nationwide population-based registries. Participants with specific subtypes of adolescent depression (n = 306) were compared with matched non-depressed peers (n = 213).Results: Women with persistent depressive disorder (PDD) in adolescence utilized significantly more healthcare resources in mid-adulthood. The association was not limited to psychiatric care, and remained after adjustment for individual and parental characteristics. The total additional annual cost for a single age group of females with a history of PDD at a population level was estimated at 3.10 million USD. Depression recurrence in early adulthood mediated the added costs for psychiatric care, but not for somatic care.Limitations: Primary health care data were not available, presumably resulting in an underestimation of the true healthcare consumption. Estimates for males had limited precision due to a relatively small male proportion.Conclusions: On a population level, the additional healthcare costs incurred in mid-adulthood in females with a history of adolescent PDD are considerable. Early treatment and prevention should be prioritized.
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4.
  • Vaezghasemi, Masoud, et al. (författare)
  • Multifaceted determinants of social-emotional problems in preschool children in Sweden : An ecological systems theory approach
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: SSM - Population Health. - : Elsevier. - 2352-8273. ; 21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Social-emotional problems occurring early in life can place children at future risk of adverse health, social and economic outcomes. Determinants of social-emotional problems are multi-layered and originate from different contexts surrounding children, though few studies consider them simultaneously. We adopted a holistic approach by using Bronfenbrenner's process-person-context-time model as a structuring device. We aimed to assess what characteristics of families and children from pregnancy, over birth, and up to 3 years of age are associated with social-emotional problems in boys and girls. This study used regional data from the Salut Programme, a universal health promotion programme implemented in Antenatal and Child Health Care, and data from national Swedish registers. The study population included 6033 3-year-olds and their parents during the period 2010-2018. Distinct logistic regression models for boys and girls were used to assess associations between the family social context, parents' lifestyle, parent's mental health, children's birth characteristics, and indicators of proximal processes (the independent variables); and children's social-emotional problems as measured by the parentcompleted Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional between 33 and 41 months of age (the outcome). Overall, a less favourable family social context, detrimental lifestyle of the parents during pregnancy, and parents' mental illness from pregnancy onwards were associated with higher odds of social-emotional problems in 3 -year-olds. Higher screentime and infrequent shared book-reading were associated with higher odds of socialemotional problems. The multifaceted determinants of children's social-emotional problems imply that many diverse targets for intervention exist. Additionally, this study suggests that Bronfenbrenner's process-person-context-time theoretical framework could be relevant for public health research and policy.
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7.
  • Andren, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered behaviour therapy for children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome : study protocol for a single-blind randomised controlled trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Trials. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1745-6215. ; 22
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Treatment guidelines recommend behaviour therapy (BT) for patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD). However, BT is rarely accessible due to limited availability of trained therapists and long travel distances to specialist clinics. Internet-delivered BT has the potential of overcoming these barriers through remote delivery of treatment with minimal therapist support. In the current protocol, we outline the design and methods of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating an internet-delivered BT programme referred to as BIP TIC. The trial's primary objective is to determine the clinical efficacy of BIP TIC for reducing tic severity in young people with TS/CTD, compared with an active control intervention. Secondary objectives are to investigate the 12-month durability of the treatment effects and to perform a health economic evaluation of the intervention.Methods: In this single-blind superiority RCT, 220 participants (9-17 years) with TS/CTD throughout Sweden will be randomised to 10-12 weeks of either therapist-supported internet-delivered BT based on exposure with response prevention (BIP TIC) or therapist-supported internet-delivered education. Data will be collected at baseline, 3 and 5 weeks into the treatment, at post-treatment, and 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. The primary endpoint is the 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome is tic severity as measured by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale - Total Tic Severity Score. Treatment response is operationalised as scores of "Very much improved" or "Much improved" on the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement scale, administered at the primary endpoint. Outcome assessors will be blind to treatment condition at all assessment points. A health economic evaluation of BIP TIC will be performed, both in the short term (primary endpoint) and the long term (12-month follow-up). There are no planned interim analyses.Discussion: Participant recruitment started on 26 April 2019 and finished on 9 April 2021. The total number of included participants was 221. The final participant is expected to reach the primary endpoint in September 2021 and the 12-month follow-up in June 2022. Data analysis for the primary objective will commence after the last participant reaches the primary endpoint.
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8.
  • Andrén, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Internet-Delivered Exposure and Response Prevention for Pediatric Tourette Syndrome : 12-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 7:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE: Behavior therapy is a recommended intervention for Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD), but availability is limited and long-term effects are uncertain.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of therapist-supported, internet-delivered exposure and response prevention (ERP) vs psychoeducation for youths with TS or CTD.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This 12-month controlled follow-up of a parallel group, superiority randomized clinical trial was conducted at a research clinic in Stockholm, Sweden, with nationwide recruitment. In total, 221 participants aged 9 to 17 years with TS or CTD were enrolled between April 26, 2019, and April 9, 2021, of whom 208 (94%) provided 12-month follow-up data. Final follow-up data were collected on June 29, 2022. Outcome assessors were masked to treatment allocation throughout the study.INTERVENTIONS: A total of 111 participants were originally randomly allocated to 10 weeks of therapist-supported, internet-delivered ERP and 110 participants to therapist-supported, internet-delivered psychoeducation.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was within-group change in tic severity, measured by the Total Tic Severity Score of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS-TTSS), from the 3-month follow-up to the 12-month follow-up. Treatment response was defined as 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved) on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale. Analyses were intention-to-treat and followed the plan prespecified in the published study protocol. A health economic evaluation was performed from 3 perspectives: health care organization (including direct costs for treatment provided in the study), health care sector (additionally including health care resource use outside of the study), and societal (additionally including costs beyond health care [eg, parent's absenteeism from work]).RESULTS: In total, 221 participants were recruited (mean [SD] age, 12.1 [2.3] years; 152 [69%] male). According to the YGTSS-TTSS, there were no statistically significant changes in tic severity from the 3-month to the 12-month follow-up in either group (ERP coefficient, -0.52 [95% CI, -1.26 to 0.21]; P = .16; psychoeducation coefficient, 0.00 [95% CI, -0.78 to 0.78]; P > .99). A secondary analysis including all assessment points (baseline to 12-month follow-up) showed no statistically significant between-group difference in tic severity from baseline to the 12-month follow-up (coefficient, -0.38 [95% CI, -1.11 to 0.35]; P = .30). Treatment response rates were similar in both groups (55% in ERP and 50% in psychoeducation; odds ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 0.73-2.16]; P = .42) at the 12-month follow-up. The health economic evaluation showed that, from a health care sector perspective, ERP produced more quality-adjusted life years (0.01 [95% CI, -0.01 to 0.03]) and lower costs (adjusted mean difference -$84.48 [95% CI, -$440.20 to $977.60]) than psychoeducation at the 12-month follow-up. From the health care organization and societal perspectives, ERP produced more quality-adjusted life years at higher costs, with 65% to 78% probability of ERP being cost-effective compared with psychoeducation when using a willingness-to-pay threshold of US $79 000.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: There were no statistically significant changes in tic severity from the 3-month through to the 12-month follow-up in either group. The ERP intervention was not superior to psychoeducation at any time point. While ERP was not superior to psychoeducation alone in reducing tic severity at the end of the follow-up period, ERP is recommended for clinical implementation due to its likely cost-effectiveness and support from previous literature.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03916055.
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9.
  • Andrén, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Therapist-Supported Internet-Delivered Exposure and Response Prevention for Children and Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome : A Randomized Clinical Trial
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 5:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE: The availability of behavior therapy for individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD) is limited.OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of internet-delivered exposure and response prevention (ERP) for children and adolescents with TS or CTD.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This single-masked, parallel group, superiority randomized clinical trial with nationwide recruitment was conducted at a research clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. Out of 615 individuals assessed for eligibility, 221 participants meeting diagnostic criteria for TS or CTD and aged 9 to 17 years were included in the study. Enrollment began in April 2019 and ended in April 2021. Data were analyzed between October 2021 and March 2022.INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to 10 weeks of therapist-supported internet-delivered ERP for tics (111 participants) or to therapist-supported internet-delivered education for tics (comparator group, 110 participants).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was change in tic severity from baseline to the 3-month follow-up as measured by the Total Tic Severity Score of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS-TTSS). YGTSS-TTSS assessors were masked to treatment allocation. Treatment response was operationalized as a score of 1 ("Very much improved") or 2 ("Much improved") on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale.RESULTS: Data loss was minimal, with 216 of 221 participants (97.7%) providing primary outcome data. Among randomized participants (152 [68.8%] boys; mean [SD] age, 12.1 [2.3] years), tic severity improved significantly, with a mean reduction of 6.08 points on the YGTSS-TTSS in the ERP group (mean [SD] at baseline, 22.25 [5.60]; at 3-month follow-up, 16.17 [6.82]) and 5.29 in the comparator (mean [SD] at baseline, 23.01 [5.92]; at 3-month follow-up, 17.72 [7.11]). Intention-to-treat analyses showed that the 2 groups improved similarly over time (interaction effect, -0.53; 95% CI, -1.28 to 0.22; P = .17). Significantly more participants were classified as treatment responders in the ERP group (51 of 108 [47.2%]) than in the comparator group (31 of 108 [28.7%]) at the 3-month follow-up (odds ratio, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.27 to 3.90). ERP resulted in more treatment responders at little additional cost compared with structured education. The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained was below the Swedish willingness-to-pay threshold, at which ERP had a 66% to 76% probability of being cost-effective.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Both interventions were associated with clinically meaningful improvements in tic severity, but ERP led to higher response rates at little additional cost.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03916055.
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10.
  • Arving, Cecilia, et al. (författare)
  • Cost-utility analysis of individual psychosocial support interventions for breast cancer patients in a randomized controlled study
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Psycho-Oncology. - : Wiley. - 1057-9249 .- 1099-1611. ; 23:3, s. 251-258
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The Distress Thermometer (DT) has been used in psycho-oncology research across the globe and has been recommended as a clinical tool to be used routinely in cancer settings to detect clinically significant distress. We sought to characterize the translation and validation of the DT in cancer patients in different countries and cultures and summarize how the translated versions function to detect clinically significant distress. Methods An electronic mail survey was sent to the members of the International Psychosocial Oncology Society Federation of Psycho-Oncology Societies and electronic searches of English language databases were conducted to identify translations of the DT and studies designed to validate these translations. Results Our efforts yielded a total of 21 non-English translations of the DT; 18 of these were validated in studies designed for that purpose. A variety of instruments were used in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to derive an optimal cut-off score indicative of clinically significant distress. Cut-off scores varied by language, country, and clinical setting and to sample characteristics. In the majority of studies, a score of 4 maximized sensitivity and specificity relative to an established criterion. Conclusions These findings provide a broad, international perspective on the current state of psychosocial screening using the DT. Findings also demonstrate widespread awareness of the need for psychological and social support of persons diagnosed with and treated for cancer.
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11.
  • Aspvall, K., et al. (författare)
  • Effect of an Internet-Delivered Stepped-Care Program vs In-Person Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 325:18, s. 1863-1873
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Key PointsQuestionIs internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) implemented in a stepped-care model noninferior to in-person CBT for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder? FindingsIn this randomized, noninferiority clinical trial, 152 children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder were treated with an internet-delivered CBT program followed by traditional in-person CBT if necessary vs in-person CBT alone. After 6 months, the mean Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale score was 11.57 in those treated with internet-delivered CBT vs 10.57 in those treated with in-person CBT, a difference that met the noninferiority criterion of 4 points. MeaningTreating children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder with an internet intervention followed by traditional face-to-face therapy if necessary was noninferior to in-person therapy alone. ImportanceIn most countries, young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder have limited access to specialist cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a first-line treatment. ObjectiveTo investigate whether internet-delivered CBT implemented in a stepped-care model is noninferior to in-person CBT for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Design, Setting and ParticipantsA randomized clinical noninferiority trial conducted at 2 specialist child and adolescent mental health clinics in Sweden. Participants included 152 individuals aged 8 to 17 years with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Enrollment began in October 2017 and ended in May 2019. Follow-up ended in April 2020. InterventionsParticipants randomized to the stepped-care group (n=74) received internet-delivered CBT for 16 weeks. Nonresponders at the 3-month follow-up were then offered a course of traditional face-to-face treatment. Participants randomized to the control group (n=78) immediately received in-person CBT for 16 weeks. Nonresponders at the 3-month follow-up received additional face-to-face treatment. Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the masked assessor-rated Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) score at the 6-month follow-up. The scale includes 10 items rated from 0(no symptoms) to 4(extreme symptoms), yielding a total score range of 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater severity. Assessors were masked to treatment allocation at pretreatment, posttreatment, 3-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up assessments. The predefined noninferiority margin was 4 points on the CY-BOCS. ResultsAmong the 152 randomized participants (mean age, 13.4 years; 94 [62%] females), 151 (99%) completed the trial. At the 3-month follow-up, 34 participants (46%) in the stepped-care group and 23 (30%) in the in-person CBT group were nonresponders. At the 6-month follow-up, the CY-BOCS score was 11.57 points in the stepped-care group vs 10.57 points in the face-to-face treatment group, corresponding to an estimated mean difference of 0.91 points ([1-sided 97.5% CI, -infinity to 3.28]; P for noninferiority=.02). Increased anxiety (30%-36%) and depressive symptoms (20%-28%) were the most frequently reported adverse events in both groups. There were 2 unrelated serious adverse events (1 in each group). Conclusions and RelevanceAmong children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder, treatment with an internet-delivered CBT program followed by in-person CBT if necessary compared with in-person CBT alone resulted in a noninferior difference in symptoms at the 6-month follow-up. Further research is needed to understand the durability and generalizability of these findings. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03263546 This noninferiority trial compares the effects of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program followed by traditional in-person CBT if necessary vs in-person CBT alone on symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents.
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12.
  • Aspvall, K., et al. (författare)
  • Stepped Care Internet-Delivered vs Face-to-Face Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder A Trial Protocol for a Randomized Noninferiority Trial
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Jama Network Open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 2:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy is an effective treatment for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder and has the potential to markedly increase access to treatment for patients while being cost-effective for health care organizations. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy implemented within a stepped care model is noninferior to, and cost-effective compared with, the gold standard of face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, single-blind, randomized clinical noninferiority trial implemented at 2 specialist pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder clinics in Stockholm and Gothenburg, Sweden. Participants are 152 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years with obsessive compulsive disorder, recruited through the 2 clinics and online self-referral. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to the stepped care intervention or face-to-face therapy. Blind evaluations will be conducted after treatment and at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. At the 6-month follow-up (primary end point), noninferiority will be tested and resource use will be compared between the 2 treatment groups. Data will be analyzed according to intention-to-treat principles. INTERVENTION Patients randomized to stepped care will first receive internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for 16 weeks; patients who are classified as nonresponders 3 months after treatment completion will receive additional face-to-face therapy. The control group will receive 16 weeks of face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy immediately following randomization and nonresponders at the 3-month follow-up will, as in the stepped care group, receive additional face-to-face therapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Noninferiority is defined as a 4-point difference on the primary outcome measure (Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale). DISCUSSION Recruitment started October 6, 2017, and was completed May 24, 2019. Results from the primary end point will be available by May 2020. The naturalistic follow-ups (1, 2, and 5 years after the end of treatment) will continue to 2025. There are no interim analyses planned or stopping rules for the trial.
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  • Baric, Vedrana B., et al. (författare)
  • Partnering for change (P4C) in Sweden : a study protocol of a collaborative school-based service delivery model to create inclusive learning environments
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2458. ; 23:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Inclusive learning environments are considered as crucial for children's engagement with learning and participation in school. Partnering for change (P4C) is a collaborative school-based service delivery model where services are provided at three levels of intensity based on children's needs (class, group-, individual interventions). Interventions in P4C are provided universally to support all children with learning, not only children with special education needs (SEN), and as such are expected to be health-promoting.Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of P4C as well as school staff members' and children's experiences after P4C.Methods: In a parallel, non-randomised controlled intervention design, 400 children, aged 6-12 years, and their teachers, will be recruited to either intervention classes, working according to the P4C, or to control classes (allocation ratio 1:1). Data will be collected at baseline, post-intervention (4 months), and 11 months follow-up post baseline. The primary outcome is children's engagement with learning in school. Secondary outcomes include for example children's health-related quality of life and wellbeing, occupational performance in school, attendance, and special educational needs. The difference-in-differences method using regression modelling will be applied to evaluate any potential changes following P4C. Focus group interviews focusing on children, and professionals' experiences will be performed after P4C. A health economic evaluation of P4C will be performed, both in the short term (post intervention) and the long term (11-month follow-up). This study will provide knowledge about the effectiveness of P4C on children's engagement with learning, mental health, and wellbeing, when creating inclusive learning environments using a combination of class-, group- and individual-level interventions.
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14.
  • Bartels, Sara Laureen, et al. (författare)
  • Development, evaluation and implementation of a digital behavioural health treatment for chronic pain : study protocol of the multiphase DAHLIA project
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: Chronic pain affects about 20%-40% of the population and is linked to mental health outcomes and impaired daily functioning. Pharmacological interventions are commonly insufficient for producing relief and recovery of functioning. Behavioural health treatment is key to generate lasting benefits across outcome domains. However, most people with chronic pain cannot easily access evidence-based behavioural interventions. The overall aim of the DAHLIA project is to develop, evaluate and implement a widely accessible digital behavioural health treatment to improve well-being in individuals with chronic pain.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The project follows the four phases of the mHealth Agile Development and Evaluation Lifecycle: (1) development and pre-implementation surveillance using focus groups, stakeholder interviews and a business model; (2) iterative optimisation studies applying single case experimental design (SCED) method in 4-6 iterations with n=10 patients and their healthcare professionals per iteration; (3) a two-armed clinical randomised controlled trial enhanced with SCED (n=180 patients per arm) and (4) interview-based post-market surveillance. Data analyses include multilevel modelling, cost-utility and indicative analyses.In October 2021, inter-sectorial partners are engaged and funding is secured for four years. The treatment content is compiled and the first treatment prototype is in preparation. Clinical sites in three Swedish regions are informed and recruitment for phase 1 will start in autumn 2021. To facilitate long-term impact and accessibility, the treatment will be integrated into a Swedish health platform (www.1177.se), which is used on a national level as a hub for advice, information, guidance and e-services for health and healthcare.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study plan has been reviewed and approved by Swedish ethical review authorities. Findings will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social media and outreach activities for the wider public.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05066087.
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15.
  • Brooks, Samantha J., et al. (författare)
  • Important gender differences in psychosomatic and school-related complaints in relation to adolescent weight status
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Underweight or overweight in adolescence is linked to several adverse health outcomes. Less evidence exists about the association between weight status and school-related psychosocial characteristics in high income countries. We sought to investigate the relationship between weight status and psychosomatic and school-related complaints with a focus on gender differences. The study is a cohort of 18,462 adolescents (12-19 years; 51% girls) conducted in Sweden. The associations between weight status and psychosomatic and school-related complaints were estimated by binary logistic regression adjusted for several potential confounders. After correction for multiple testing, being underweight or overweight/obese was adversely associated with several psychosomatic and school-related complaints with significant differences between boys and girls. Specifically, underweight boys had higher odds to have psychosomatic complaints than normal-weight boys, while no such associations were observed among underweight girls. Overweight/obese (vs. normal-weight) boys had higher odds to complain about headache, pain in the back/hips, and feeling low. Overweight/obese (vs. normal-weight) girls were more likely to complain about feeling low, anxious/worried and having difficulty in falling asleep (P <= 0.01). In relation to school-related complaints (e.g., being bullied at school and academic failure), greater associations were observed for overweight/obese girls and boys than for underweight adolescents compared with normal-weight peers.
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  • Brooks, Samantha J., et al. (författare)
  • Self-Reported Psychosomatic Complaints and Conduct Problems in Swedish Adolescents
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Children. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9067. ; 9:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Physical conditions in children and adolescents are often under reported during mainstream school years and may underlie mental health disorders. Additionally, comparisons between younger and older schoolchildren may shed light on developmental differences regarding the way in which physical conditions translate into conduct problems. The aim of the current study was to examine the incidence of psychosomatic complaints (PSC) in young and older adolescent boys and girls who also report conduct problems. A total of 3132 Swedish adolescents (age range 15-18 years, 47% boys) completed the Uppsala Life and Health Cross-Sectional Survey (LHS) at school. The LHS question scores were categorised by two researchers who independently identified questions that aligned with DSM-5 conduct disorder (CD) criteria and PSC. MANOVA assessed the effects of PSC, age, and gender on scores that aligned with the DSM criteria for CD. The main effects of gender, age, and PSC on the conduct problem scores were observed. Adolescents with higher PSC scores had higher conduct problem scores. Boys had higher serious violation of rules scores than girls, particularly older boys with higher PSC scores. Psychosomatic complaints could be a useful objective identifier for children and adolescents at risk of developing conduct disorders. This may be especially relevant when a reliance on a child's self-reporting of their behavior may not help to prevent a long-term disturbance to their quality of life.
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17.
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18.
  • Durbeej, Natalie, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of a school-based intervention to promote mental health of refugee youth in Sweden (The RefugeesWellSchool Trial) : study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Trials. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1745-6215. ; 22:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Sweden is home to a large and growing population of refugee youths who may be at risk of mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, there is a need for interventions that address mental health problems in these populations. Schools have been identified as an ideal setting for delivering such interventions as they offer a non-stigmatizing space and are often central to young refugees' social networks. The RefugeesWellSchool trial in Sweden will investigate an intervention comprising two programmes: Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) and In-service Teacher Training (INSETT), delivered in a school setting, among refugee youth. TRT is a group-based programme for children and adolescents, informed by Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). INSETT is a multi-module course for teachers providing information on trauma and the refugee experience to build teachers' cultural competence and capacity for supporting refugee youths in schools.METHODS: This trial employs a cluster randomized-control design with two arms: (1) the intervention arm in which the TRT and INSETT programmes are offered (n = 350), (2) the wait-list control arm (n = 350) in which services are provided as usual until the TRT and INSETT programmes are offered approximately six months later. Data will be collected prior to the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and at three months post-intervention. Outcomes for the trial arms will be compared using linear mixed models or ANCOVA repeated measures as well as the Reliable Change Index (RCI).DISCUSSION: This study will provide knowledge about the effectiveness of an intervention comprising two programmes: a group-based programme for youth reporting symptoms of PTSD and a training course for teachers, in order to build their competence and ability to support refugee youths in schools.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, ISRCTN48178969 , Retrospectively registered 20/12/2019.
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19.
  • Edvinsson Sollander, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Asthma and allergies correlate to mental health problems in preschool children
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:5, s. 1601-1609
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: To explore the relations between asthma, allergies and mental health problems in preschool children, aged 3-5-years.METHODS: In this cross-sectional Swedish study, we used data on 4649 children in Uppsala municipality whose parents and preschool teachers had responded to questions measuring asthma and allergies, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for assessment of mental health problems. Logistic regression models were used to explore the relations between asthma and allergies and mental health problems.RESULTS: Children with asthma (8.5%) had elevated odds of having emotional symptoms as rated by parents (OR: 1.34; 1.02-1.76) and teachers (OR: 1.44; 1.09-1.91). According to parents' ratings, these children also had elevated odds of showing mental health problems in general according to the SDQ total score (OR: 1.42; 1.05-1.94). Children with food allergies or intolerance (4.4%) only had elevated odds of having emotional symptoms (OR: 1.64; 1.16-2.33), as reported by parents. These results remained significant after adjustment for parental background factors.CONCLUSION: Preschool children with asthma and food allergies or intolerance are at risk of having concurrent mental health problems. Mental health problems should be assessed in children with these disorders. Adequate support and/or referral to specialised services should be offered when needed.
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20.
  • Engström, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Psychosocial risk factors in families of young children : A trial of the Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK) Model in Sweden
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • BackgroundThe Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK) model is a structured, evidence-based approach that helps identify and address prevalent psychosocial problems among caregivers and facilitates support and services. The aim of the present study was to analyze self-reported financial worries, depressive symptoms, parental stress, alcohol misuse and intimate partner violence in families of children <6 years of age as expressed in the SEEK Parent Screen Questionnaire - Sweden (PSQ-S) completed at regular child health visits.  MethodsThis study has a longitudinal design with consecutive, clinical-encounter-based sampling, and is part of a cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating the SEEK model in Swedish child health services (CHS). Data were collected from parents’ responses to the Swedish SEEK Parent Screening Questionnaire (PSQ-S) used universally at five age-specific health visits during the intervention period from April 2018 through March 2020. Fully completed PSQ-S (n=7483) were analyzed using descriptive statistics regarding each respective risk factor and potential differences between groups with respect to child age and parent gender were analysed using Pearson’s Chi-square. Trends over time for each risk factor were analysed using the Mantel-Haenszel test.FindingsOver half of the PSQ-S (53%) had at least one positive screen and the problems were common among both mothers and fathers throughout the child’s first five years of life. Overall rates of positive screens decreased by 41% for child safety problems, 52% for economic worries, 52% for depressive symptoms, 66% for parental stress and 73% for IPV during the intervention period (p-values ranged from 0.028 to <0.001) but not for alcohol misuse.ConclusionParents of young children frequently reported psychosocial risk factors in their encounters with the CHS nurse when the SEEK model was used. There was a significant decrease in positive screens over the course of the intervention, possibly because problems had been addressed and families’ psychosocial situation indeed had improved. 
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21.
  • Engström, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Validation of the Swedish Version of the Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK) Parent Screening Questionnaire
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundPsychosocial risk factors in the home may impair children’s health and development and increase their risk of maltreatment. The Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK) model helps address these problems, and aims to strengthen families, support parents and parenting, and thereby promote children’s health, development, wellbeing and safety. The SEEK model includes use of the Parent Screening Questionnaire (SEEK-PSQ) at routine preventive child health visits, assessment of their responses and, when indicated, referral to relevant services. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the SEEK-PSQ (PSQ-S). MethodsThis study is part of a cluster-randomised controlled trial of SEEK in the Swedish child health services. To validate the PSQ-S, parents (n=852) with children 0-18 months of age were invited to complete a survey comprising the PSQ-S as well as evidence-based standardized instruments for the targeted psychosocial risk factors. Data from 611 (72%) parents were analysed regarding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for each risk factor.ResultsAs a whole, the PSQ-S had a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 52%, PPV of 67% and NPV of 87%. For mothers and fathers combined, sensitivity was 80% for economic worries, 89% for depressive symptoms, 78% for parental stress, 47% for intimate partner violence (IPV) and 70% for alcohol misuse. Specificity was highest for IPV and alcohol misuse (91%) and lowest for depressive symptoms (64%). NPV values were high (81-99%) and PPV values were low to moderate (22-69%) for the targeted problems. Sensitivity was higher for mothers compared to fathers for economic worries, depressive symptoms and IPV. This difference was particularly evident for IPV (52% for mothers, 27% for fathers). ConclusionThe SEEK-PSQ-S demonstrated good psychometric properties for identifying economic worries, depressive symptoms, parental stress and alcohol misuse but low sensitivity for IPV. The PSQ-S as a whole showed high sensitivity and NPV, indicating that most parents with or without the targeted psychosocial risk factors were correctly identified.Trial registrationISRCTN registry, study record 14429952 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN14429952)Registration date 27/05/2020. 
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22.
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24.
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25.
  • Feldman, Inna, Docent, 1951-, et al. (författare)
  • Cost-effectiveness of a high-intensity versus a low-intensity smoking cessation intervention in a dental setting : long-term follow-up
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2044-6055. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of a high-intensity and a low-intensity smoking cessation treatment programme (HIT and LIT) using long-term follow-up effectiveness data and to validate the cost-effectiveness results based on short-term follow-up.Design and outcome measures: Intervention effectiveness was estimated in a randomised controlled trial as numbers of abstinent participants after 1 and 5-8 years of follow-up. The economic evaluation was performed from a societal perspective using a Markov model by estimating future disease-related costs (in Euro (Euro) 2018) and health effects (in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)). Programmes were explicitly compared in an incremental analysis, and the results were presented as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.Setting: The study was conducted in dental clinics in Sweden.Participants: 294 smokers aged 19-71 years were included in the study.Interventions: Behaviour therapy, coaching and pharmacological advice (HIT) was compared with one counselling session introducing a conventional self-help programme (LIT).Results: The more costly HIT led to higher number of 6-month continuous abstinent participants after 1 year and higher number of sustained abstinent participants after 5-8 years, which translates into larger societal costs avoided and health gains than LIT. The incremental cost/QALY of HIT compared with LIT amounted to Euro918 and Euro3786 using short-term and long-term effectiveness, respectively, which is considered very cost-effective in Sweden.Conclusion: CEA favours the more costly HIT if decision makers are willing to spend at least Euro4000/QALY for tobacco cessation treatment.
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26.
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27.
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28.
  • Feldman, Inna, Docent, 1951-, et al. (författare)
  • Economic Evaluations of Public Health Interventions to Improve Mental Health and Prevent Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours : A Systematic Literature Review.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0894-587X .- 1573-3289. ; 48:2, s. 299-315
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To review the literature on economic evaluations of public health interventions targeting prevention of mental health problems and suicide, to support evidence based societal resource allocation. A systematic review of economic evaluations within mental health and suicide prevention was conducted including studies published between January 2000 and November 2018. The studies were identified through Medline, PsychINFO, Web of Science, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database and Health Technology Assessment. The quality of relevant studies and the transferability of their results were assessed using a criterion set out by the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment. Nineteen studies of moderate to high quality were included in this review, which evaluated 18 interventions in mental health and four interventions in suicide prevention. Fourteen (63%) of all interventions were cost-effective based on the conclusions from original papers. None of the studies that evaluated suicide prevention was of high quality. The interventions largely focused on psychological interventions at school, the workplace and within elderly care as well as screening and brief interventions in primary care. Nine studies (around 50% of included articles) had a high potential for transferability to the Swedish context. Public health interventions aiming to improve mental health have a high potential to be economically beneficial to society, but high-quality evidence on the cost-effectiveness of suicide prevention is limited.
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29.
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30.
  • Feldman, Inna, 1951-, et al. (författare)
  • Health promotion or health care – a profitable interaction?
  • 2013
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The possibility to estimate health care savings given a change in population lifestyles may be of interest to health promotion specialists and decision-makers. A macro model entitled Risk factors, Health and Societal Costs (RHS) was developed to estimate changes in incidence and health care costs of ten common diseases during five years. The estimations were based on four common risk factors for disease: obesity (BMI>30), daily tobacco smoking, lack of exercise and risk alcohol consumption.Material and methods: The RHS model is based on relative risks that define the relation between disease incidence and risk factors. Relative risks were collected from Swedish and international publications and are age- and gender-specific. Swedish national registers were used to retrieve incident cases. Changes in risk factor prevalence lead to changes in new cases of disease. Disease-specific health care costs were retrieved from Stockholm Council. The following parameters were imputed in the model: population data, current risk factor prevalence and potential changes.Results: The RHS model is able to predict future cases of illness and related costs. By creating scenarios with different changes in risk factors, the model can thus estimate the potential gains/losses in health in monetary units. The different scenarios, where it is assumed a 1% reduction in risk factor prevalence, show that significant savings in health care costs can arise from modest changes in population lifestyle habits. Lower levels of risk factors generate greater impact in regards to disease prevalence.      Discussion: The model can be used to simulate the effects of different scenarios in regards to how risk factors can change in different population areas. To build scenarios requires two types of data available: age- and gender- stratified population data and the prevalence of risk factors. The results of the model can be used as relevant arguments in discussions with decision-makers for a more health promoting health care system.   
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31.
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32.
  • Finnes, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and a Workplace Intervention for Employees on Sickness Absence due to Mental Disorders.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 59:12, s. 1211-1220
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate cost-effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and workplace dialogue intervention (WDI), both as stand-alone interventions and in combination, compared with treatment as usual (TAU), for employees on sickness absence with mental disorders.METHODS: Employees (n = 352, 78.4% females) on sickness absence were randomized to one of four groups. Cost-utility analyses were conducted from a health care perspective and a limited societal perspective.RESULTS: All groups reported significant improvements in health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) and there were no significant differences in HRQoL or costs between groups. The probability of cost-effectiveness for ACT+WDI was 50% compared with ACT, indicating that both treatment alternatives could be considered equally favorable for decision-makers. TAU and WDI were rejected due to less economic efficiency.CONCLUSION: Adding WDI to ACT cannot be recommended on the basis of our study results.
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33.
  • Finnes, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Economic evaluation of return-to-work interventions for mental disorder-related sickness absence : two years follow-up of a randomized clinical trial
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 48:4, s. 264-272
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The objective was to (i) assess the long-term cost-effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), a workplace dialog intervention (WDI), and ACT+WDI compared to treatment as usual (TAU) for common mental disorders and (ii) investigate any differences in cost-effectiveness between diagnostic groups.METHODS: An economic evaluation from the healthcare and limited welfare perspectives was conducted alongside a randomized clinical trial with a two-year follow-up period. Persons with common mental disorders receiving sickness benefits were invited to the trial. We used registry data for cost analysis alongside participant data collected during the trial and the reduction in sickness absence days as treatment effect. A total of 264 participants with a diagnosis of depression, anxiety, or stress-induced exhaustion disorder participated in a two-year follow-up of a four-arm trial: ACT (N=74), WDI (N=60), ACT+WDI (N=70), and TAU (N=60).RESULTS: For all patients in general, there were no statistically significant differences between interventions in terms of costs or effect. The subgroup analyses suggested that from a healthcare perspective, ACT was a cost-effective option for depression or anxiety disorders and ACT+WDI for stress-induced exhaustion disorder. With a two-year time horizon, the probability of WDI to be cost-saving in terms of sickness benefits costs was 80% compared with TAU.CONCLUSIONS: ACT had a high probability of cost-effectiveness from a healthcare perspective for employees on sick leave due to depression or anxiety disorders. For participants with stress-induced exhaustion disorder, adding WDI to ACT seems to reduce healthcare costs, while WDI as a stand-alone intervention seems to reduce welfare costs.
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34.
  • Gebreslassie, Mihretab, et al. (författare)
  • Economic evaluations of public health interventions for physical activity and healthy diet : A systematic review
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 136
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary habits are associated with an increased disease and economic burden. The aim of this systematic review was to identify economic evaluations of public health interventions targeting physical activity and healthy diet, and assess the quality and transferability of the findings to the Swedish context. A search of published economic evaluations was conducted through electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Databases (NHS EED) and the Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA). An additional search was done using references of relevant systematic reviews and websites of relevant organizations were checked to find grey literature. Quality and transferability of the economic evaluations were appraised using a quality assessment tool developed by the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment. Thirty-two economic evaluations, rated as moderate or high quality, of 178 interventions were included; thirteen studies targeting physical activity, thirteen targeting healthy diet and six targeting both. The interventions varied in terms of their content, setting, mode of delivery and target populations. A majority of the economic evaluations reported that the interventions were likely to be cost-effective; however, considerable variations in the methodological and reporting qualities were observed. Only half of the economic evaluations were rated to have a high probability of transferring to the Swedish context. Public health interventions targeting physical activity and dietary habits have a high potential to be cost-effective. However, decision makers should consider the variation in quality and transferability of the available evidence.
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35.
  • Gebreslassie, Mihretab, et al. (författare)
  • Should Nicotine Replacement Therapy be Provided Free of Charge? : A Cost-Utility Analysis in Sweden
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nicotine & tobacco research. - : Oxford University Press. - 1462-2203 .- 1469-994X. ; 25:11, s. 1762-1769
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction Treatment with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) during an attempt to quit smoking increases the likelihood of success by about 55%. However, out-of-pocket payment for NRT can hinder its use. Aims and Methods This study aims therefore to assess the cost-effectiveness of subsidizing NRT in Sweden. A homogeneous cohort-based Markov model was used to assess the lifetime costs and effects of subsidized NRT from a payer and societal perspective. Data to populate the model were retrieved from the literature, and selected parameters were varied in deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to assess robustness of model outputs. Costs are presented in USD, year 2021. Results A 12-week treatment with NRT was estimated to cost USD 632 (474-790) per person. From a societal perspective, subsidized NRT was a cost-saving alternative in 98.5% of the simulations. NRT is cost-saving across all ages, but the health and economic gains are somewhat larger among younger smokers from a societal perspective. When a payer perspective was used, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was estimated at 14 480 (11 721-18 515) USD per QALY which was cost-effective at a willingness to pay of 50 000 USD per QALY in 100 % of the simulations. Results were robust with realistic changes in the inputs during scenario and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Subsidizing NRT is potentially a cost-saving smoking cessation strategy from a societal perspective and cost-effective from a payer perspective. Implications This study found that subsidizing NRT is potentially a cost-saving smoking cessation policy alternative compared to current practice from a societal perspective. From a healthcare payer perspective, subsidizing NRT is estimated to cost USD 14 480 to gain an extra QALY. NRT is cost-saving across all ages, but the health and economic gains are somewhat larger among younger smokers from a societal perspective. Moreover, subsidizing NRT removes the financial barriers that are mostly faced by socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers which might reduce health inequalities. Thus, future economic evaluations should further investigate the health inequality impacts with methods that are more suitable for this.
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36.
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37.
  • Häggström, Jenny, et al. (författare)
  • Is the Salut Programme an effective and cost-effective universal health promotion intervention for parents and their children? : a register-based retrospective observational study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 7:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Salut Programme, a universal health promotion intervention, compared with care-as-usual, over the periods of pregnancy, delivery and the child's first 2 years of life.METHOD: We adopted a register-based retrospective observational design using existing data sources with respect to both exposures and outcomes. Health outcomes and costs were compared between geographical areas that received care-as-usual (non-Salut area) and areas where the programme was implemented (Salut area). We included mothers and their children from both the Salut and non-Salut areas if: (1) the child was born 2002-2004 (premeasure period) or (2) the child was born 2006-2008 (postmeasure period). The effectiveness study adopted two strategies: (1) a matched difference-in-difference analysis using data from all participants and (2) a longitudinal analysis restricted to mothers who had given birth twice, that is, both in the premeasure and postmeasure periods. The economic evaluation was performed from a healthcare and a limited societal perspective. Outcomes were clustered during pregnancy, delivery and birth and the child's first 2 years.RESULTS: Difference-in-difference analyses did not yield any significant effect on the outcomes. Longitudinal analyses resulted in significant positive improvement in Apgar scores, reflecting the newborn's physical condition, with more children having a normal Apgar score (1 min +3%, 5 min +1%). The cost of the programme was international dollar (INT$)308/child. From both costing perspectives, the programme yielded higher effects and lower costs than care-as-usual, being thus cost-saving (probability of around 50%).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the Salut Programme is an effective universal intervention to improve maternal and child health, and it may be good value for money; however, there is large uncertainty around the cost estimates.
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38.
  • Jangmo, Andreas, et al. (författare)
  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, School Performance, and Effect of Medication
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 58:4, s. 423-432
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for poor school performance, and pharmacological treatment of ADHD may have beneficial effects on school performance. Conclusions from previous research have been limited by small sample sizes, outcome measures, and treatment follow-up. The current study analyzed school performance in students with ADHD compared to students without ADHD, and the association between pharmacological treatment of ADHD and school performance.METHOD: A linkage of Swedish national registers covering 657,720 students graduating from year 9 of compulsory school provided measures of school performance, electronically recorded dispensations of ADHD medication, and potentially confounding background factors such as parental socioeconomic status. Primary measures of school performance included student eligibility to upper secondary school and grade point sum.RESULTS: ADHD was associated with substantially lower school performance independent of socioeconomic background factors. Treatment with ADHD medication for 3 months was positively associated with all primary outcomes, including a decreased risk of no eligibility to upper secondary school, odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76-0.84, and a higher grade point sum (range, 0.0-320.0) of 9.35 points, 95% CI = 7.88-10.82; standardized coefficient = 0.20.CONCLUSION: ADHD has a substantial negative impact on school performance, whereas pharmacological treatment for ADHD is associated with higher levels in several measures of school performance. Our findings emphasize the importance of detection and treatment of ADHD at an early stage to reduce the negative impact on school performance.
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39.
  • Johansson, Nina, et al. (författare)
  • Ameliorating Child poverty through Connecting Economic Services with child health Services (ACCESS) : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the healthier wealthier families model in Sweden
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundSweden is often held up as an example of a country with low child deprivation; yet, rates of relative deprivation are rising. Every municipality in Sweden is required to provide free, timely and accessible budget and debt counselling under the Social Services Act. The services have been encouraged to perform preventative practice with families; however, this has not been realised. The Healthier Wealthier Families (HWF) model embeds universal screening for economic hardship into child health services and creates a referral pathway to economic support services. Given the universal child health system in Sweden, which is freely available and has excellent coverage of the child population, implementation of the HWF model has potential to support families to access the freely available municipal budget and debt counselling and ultimately improve rates of child deprivation in Sweden.Methods/designWe will conduct a two-arm randomised waitlist-control superiority trial to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the HWF model in the Sweden. A longitudinal follow-up with the cohort will explore whether any effects are maintained in the longer-term.DiscussionHWF is a collaborative and sustainable model that could maximise the effectiveness of current services to address child deprivation in Sweden. The study outlined in this protocol is the first effectiveness evaluation of the HWF model in Sweden and is a crucial step before HWF can be recommended for national implementation within the child health services.
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40.
  • Lalouni, M., et al. (författare)
  • Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Children With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 17:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND & AIMS: Scalable and effective treatments are needed for children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs). We performed a randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and cost effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy delivered online (Internet-CBT) compared with usual therapy. METHODS: We studied children (age, 8-12 y) diagnosed with FAPDs, based on the Rome IV criteria, in Sweden from September 2016 through April 2017. The patients were assigned randomly to groups that received 10 weeks of therapist-guided, internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (Internet-CBT, n = 46) or treatment as usual (treatments within the health care and school systems, including medications and visits to doctors and other health care professionals; n = 44). The primary outcome was global child-rated gastrointestinal symptom severity assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Gastrointestinal Symptom scale. All outcomes were collected from September 2016 through January 2018. Secondary outcomes included quality of life, gastrointestinal-specific anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and parental responses to children's symptoms. Societal costs and costs for health care consumption were collected during the treatment. RESULTS: Children who received Internet-CBT had a significantly larger improvement in gastrointestinal symptom severity with a medium effect size (Cohen's d = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.05-0.88; number needed to treat, 3.8) compared with children who received the treatment as usual. The children's quality of life, gastrointestinal-specific anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and parental responses to children's symptoms also improved significantly in the Internet-CBT group compared with the treatment as usual group. The effects of Internet-CBT persisted through 36 weeks of follow-up evaluation. Children who received Internet-CBT had significantly less health care use than children who received treatment as usual, with an average cost difference of US $137 (P = .011). We calculated a cost savings of US $1050 for every child treated with Internet-CBT compared with treatment as usual. CONCLUSIONS: In a randomized trial of pediatric patients with FAPDs, we found Internet-CBT to be clinically cost effective compared with treatment as usual. Internet-CBThas the potential to increase the availability of treatment for a number of patients and reduce health care costs.
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41.
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42.
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43.
  • Lenhard, Fabian, et al. (författare)
  • Cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder : results from a randomised controlled trial
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 7:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) intervention for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with untreated patients on a waitlist. Design Single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Setting A research clinic within the regular child and adolescent mental health service in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants Sixty-seven adolescents (12-17 years) with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition diagnosis of OCD. Interventions Either a 12-week, therapist-guided ICBT intervention or a wait list condition of equal duration. Primary outcome measures Cost data were collected at baseline and after treatment, including healthcare use, supportive resources, prescription drugs, prescription-free drugs, school absence and productivity loss, as well as the cost of ICBT. Health outcomes were defined as treatment responder rate and quality-adjusted life years gain. Bootstrapped mixed model analyses were conducted comparing incremental costs and health outcomes between the groups from the societal and healthcare perspectives. Results Compared with waitlist control, ICBT generated substantial societal cost savings averaging US$-144.98 (95% CI -159.79 to -130.16) per patient. The cost reductions were mainly driven by reduced healthcare use in the ICBT group. From the societal perspective, the probability of ICBT being cost saving compared with waitlist control was approximately 60%. From the healthcare perspective, the cost per additional responder to ICBT compared with waitlist control was approximately US$78. Conclusions The results suggest that therapist-guided ICBT is a cost-effective treatment and results in societal cost savings, compared with patients who do not receive evidence-based treatment. Since, at present, most patients with OCD do not have access to evidence-based treatments, the results have important implications for the increasingly strained national and healthcare budgets. Future studies should compare the cost-effectiveness of ICBT with regular face-to-face CBT.
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44.
  • Martínez de Alva, Patricio, et al. (författare)
  • The cost-effectiveness of a virtual intervention to prevent eating disorders in young women in Sweden
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Eating Disorders. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0276-3478 .- 1098-108X. ; 26, s. S20-S20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ObjectiveTo determine the cost-effectiveness of a virtual version of the Body Project (vBP), a cognitive dissonance-based program, to prevent eating disorders (ED) among young women with a subjective sense of body dissatisfaction in the Swedish context.MethodA decision tree combined with a Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the vBP in a clinical trial population of 149 young women (mean age 17 years) with body image concerns. Treatment effect was modeled using data from a trial investigating the effects of vBP compared to expressive writing (EW) and a do-nothing alternative. Population characteristics and intervention costs were sourced from the trial. Other parameters, including utilities, treatment costs for ED, and mortality were sourced from the literature. The model predicted the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) related to the prevention of incidence of ED in the modeled population until they reached 25 years of age. The study used both a cost-utility and return on investment (ROI) framework.ResultsIn total, vBP yielded lower costs and larger QALYs than the alternatives. The ROI analysis denoted a return of US $152 for every USD invested in vBP over 8 years against the do-nothing alternative and US $105 against EW.DiscussionvBP is likely to be cost-effective compared to both EW and a do-nothing alternative. The ROI from vBP is substantial and could be attractive information for decision makers for implementation of this intervention for young females at risk of developing ED.Public SignificanceThis study estimates that the vBP is cost-effective for the prevention of eating disorders among young women in the Swedish setting, and thus is a good investment of public resources.
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45.
  • Meili, Kaspar Walter, et al. (författare)
  • Eliciting a value set for the Swedish capability-adjusted life years instrument (CALY-SWE)
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 33:1, s. 59-72
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Our aim was to elicit a value set for Capability-Adjusted Life Years Sweden (CALY-SWE); a capability-grounded quality of life instrument intended for use in economic evaluations of social interventions with broad consequences beyond health.Methods: Building on methods commonly used in the quality-adjusted life years EQ-5D context, we collected time-trade off (TTO) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) data through an online survey from a general population sample of 1697 Swedish participants. We assessed data quality using a score based on the severity of inconsistencies. For generating the value set, we compared different model features, including hybrid modeling of DCE and TTO versus TTO data only, censoring of TTO answers, varying intercept, and accommodating for heteroskedasticity. We also assessed the models’ DCE logit fidelity to measure agreement with potentially less-biased DCE data. To anchor the best capability state to 1 on the 0 to 1 scale, we included a multiplicative scaling factor.Results: We excluded 20% of the TTO answers of participants with the largest inconsistencies to improve data quality. A hybrid model with an anchor scale and censoring was chosen to generate the value set; models with heteroskedasticity considerations or individually varying intercepts did not offer substantial improvement. The lowest capability weight was 0.114. Health, social relations, and finance and housing attributes contributed the largest capability gains, followed by occupation, security, and political and civil rights.Conclusion: We elicited a value set for CALY-SWE for use in economic evaluations of interventions with broad social consequences.
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46.
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47.
  • Molarius, Anu, et al. (författare)
  • Social inequalities in self-reported refraining from health care due to financial reasons in Sweden : health care on equal terms?
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6963. ; 14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The main goal of the health care system in Sweden is good health and health care on equal terms for the entire population. This study investigated the existence of social inequalities in refraining from health care due to financial reasons in Sweden. Methods: The study is based on 38,536 persons who responded to a survey questionnaire sent to a random sample of men and women aged 18-84 years in 2008 (response rate 59%). The proportion of persons who during the past three months due to financial reasons limited or refrained from seeking health care, purchasing medicine or seeking dental care is reported. The groups were defined by gender, age, country of origin, educational level and employment status. The prevalence of longstanding illness was used to describe morbidity in these groups. Differences between groups were tested with chi-squared statistics and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: In total, 3% reported that they had limited or refrained from seeking health care, 4% from purchasing medicine and 10% from seeking dental care. To refrain from seeking health care was much more common among the unemployed (12%) and those on disability pension (10%) than among employees (2%). It was also more common among young adults and persons born outside the Nordic countries. Similar differences also apply to purchasing medicine and dental care. The odds for refraining from seeking health care, purchasing medicine or seeking dental care due to financial reasons were 2-3 times higher among persons with longstanding illness than among persons with no longstanding illness. Conclusions: There are social inequalities in self-reported refraining from health care due to financial reasons in Sweden even though the absolute levels vary between different types of care. Often those in most need refrain from seeking health care which contradicts the national goal of the health care system. The results suggest that the fare systems of health care and dental care should be revised because they contribute to inequalities in health care.
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48.
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49.
  • Nystrand, Camilla, et al. (författare)
  • A systematic review of economic evaluations of public health interventions targeting alcohol, tobacco, illicit drug use and problematic gambling : Using a case study to assess transferability.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Health Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0168-8510 .- 1872-6054. ; 125:1, s. 54-74
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: To identify and assess the cost-effectiveness of public health interventions targeting the use of alcohol, illicit drugs and tobacco, as well as problematic gambling behavior (ANDTS), and consider whether the results from these evaluations are transferable to the Swedish setting.METHODS: A systematic review of economic evaluations within the area of ANDTS was conducted including studies published between January 2000 and November 2018, identified through Medline, PsychINFO, Web of Science, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database and Health Technology Assessment. The quality of relevant studies and the possibilities of transferring results were assessed using criteria set out by the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment.RESULTS: Out of 54 relevant studies, 39 were of moderate to high quality and included in the review, however none for problematic gambling. Eighty-one out of a total of 91 interventions were cost-effective. The interventions largely focusing on taxed-based policies or screening and brief interventions. Thirteen of these studies were deemed to have high potential for transferability, with effect estimates considered relevant, and with good feasibility for implementation in Sweden.CONCLUSIONS: Interventions targeting alcohol- and illicit-drug use and tobacco use are cost-effective approaches, and results may be transferred to the Swedish setting. Caution must be taken regarding cost estimates and the quality of the evidence which the studies are based upon.
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50.
  • Nystrand, Camilla, et al. (författare)
  • Adding the Coping Power Programme to parent management training : the cost‑effectiveness of stacking interventions for children with disruptive behaviour disorders
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 30, s. 1603-1614
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Parent management training (PMT) programmes and child cognitive behavioural therapy are recommended approaches for treatment of oppositional defiant disorder in children, and combining these may be effective. However, little is known regarding the economic efficiency of this additive effect. A within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out in Sweden including 120 children aged 8–12 who screened positive for disruptive behaviour disorders, within a psychiatric care setting, and their parents. They were randomly assigned to either the Swedish group-based PMT Comet, or to an enhanced version, where an additional child component was provided, the Coping Power Programme (CPP). Child behaviour problems as well as healthcare and educational resource use were measured at baseline, post-test and at two-year follow-up. A net benefit regression framework was used to estimate differences in costs and health outcomes between the two intervention arms during the two-year period. Comet with CPP cost on average 820 EURO more per family than Comet only. At the 2-year follow-up, there were 37% recovered cases of ODD in Comet with CPP, in comparison to 26% in the Comet only arm. At a willingness-to-pay of approximately 62,300 EURO per recovered case of ODD, Comet with CPP yielded positive net benefits, in comparison to Comet only. Offering children the CPP simultaneously as their parents receive PMT, in comparison to only providing PMT, yields clinically relevant gains. Despite the relatively small cost for CPP, investment in combining PMT and CPP should be guided by resource prioritisation. Trial registration number: ISRCTN10834473, date of registration: 23/12/2015
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