| 1. |
- Guan, Hongxiang, et al.
(författare)
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Lipid Biomarker Patterns Reflect Nutritional Strategies of Seep-Dwelling Bivalves From the South China Sea
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - Lausanne : Frontiers Media. - 2296-7745. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Invertebrates living at methane seeps such as mussels and clams gain nutrition through symbiosis with chemosynthetic, chiefly methanotrophic and thiotrophic bacteria. Lipid biomarkers, including their compound-specific carbon stable isotope compositions, extracted from the host tissues are predestined for deciphering the various sources of diets and the associations among varying environments, endosymbionts, and hosts. Here, we investigated lipid inventories of soft tissues of two bathymodiolin mussel species hosting aerobic methanotrophic bacteria (Gigantidas platifrons from Site F and Gigantidas haimaensis from Haima seeps), one bathymodiolin mussel with thiotrophic bacteria (Bathymodiolus aduloides from Haima seeps), and one vesicomyid clam (Archivesica marissinica from Haima seeps) from the South China Sea. The gills of mussels hosting methanotrophic symbionts were found to contain high amounts of lipids of aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, such as the 4,4-dimethyl lanosterol, and other 4-methyl sterols, and the type I methanotroph-specific monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) C16:1ω9 and C16:1ω8. Production of methyl-sterols is favored over fatty acids at low oxygen concentrations, as demonstrated in culture experiments with Methylococcus capsulatus. Since lesser fatty acids and abundant sterols are found in G. haimaensis compared to G. platifrons, G. haimaensis apparently lived at very low oxygen levels. Extremely high levels of MUFAs C16:1ω7 and C18:1ω7 were found in gill tissue of both B. aduloides and the vesicomyid clam A. marissinica. Given the absence of ω8 fatty acids, both B. aduloides and the vesicomyid clam contain thiotrophic bacteria only. The occurrence of 13C-enriched 24-methylenecholesterol in B. aduloides indicates that the animal complemented its diet by filter-feeding (ca. 3% of the total sterol inventory) on photosynthetically derived carbon, whereas the majority of sterols are pointing to a diet relying on endosymbionts. Different types of 4-methyl sterols were observed between the thiotroph-containing mussel and methanotroph-containing mussels, suggesting different biosynthetic steps are present from lanosterol to cholesterol between animal hosts and aerobic methanotrophs. Among the four bivalve species, specific lipid biomarker patterns diagnostic for either the symbionts or the hosts yielded similar δ13C values in each species, indicating that the host obtained its nutrition either directly from the symbionts or derived at least most of its carbon in this way. The information derived from lipid biomarkers of bivalves and their corresponding symbionts in modern environments is vital to interpret data from the rock record, where most other methods to study microbial community composition are not applicable.
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| 2. |
- Wan, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitive near-infrared circularly polarized light detection via non-fullerene acceptor blends
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 17:8, s. 649-655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circularly polarized light (CPL) is widely used for various applications in sensing and imaging(1-3). An ongoing challenge is to realize high-quality CPL detection using chiral organic semiconductors, especially in the near-infrared (NIR) region(4). Chiral molecules tend to rely on twisted stereogenic moieties; however, conventional approaches to reduce the bandgap of organic semiconductors are based on the use of co-planar backbones that commonly lead to molecular symmetries preventing chirality. Here we report a widely applicable strategy to directly induce chiroptical activity in planar non-fullerene acceptors(5-7), which are widely used for high-performance organic photovoltaics and provide a wealth of opportunities to fill the spectral gap of CPL detection in the NIR regime. We demonstrate proof-of-concept circularly polarized organic photodiodes using chiroptically active non-fullerene acceptor blends, which exhibit strong circular dichroism and hence great sensitivity to CPL in the NIR region. Importantly, this strategy is found to be effective in a wide series of state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptor families including ITIC5, o-IDTBR6 and Y6 analogues(7), which substantially broadens the range of materials applicable to NIR CPL detection.
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| 3. |
- Xu, Changdan, et al.
(författare)
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CTCs Detection and Whole-exome Sequencing Might Be Used to Differentiate Benign and Malignant Pulmonary Nodules
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer. - 1009-3419. ; 26:6, s. 449-460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective Low-density computed tomography (LDCT) improved early lung cancer diagnosis but introduces an excess of false-positive pulmonary nodules data. Hence, accurate diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer remains challenging. The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of using circulating tumour cells (CTCs) to differentiate malignant from benign pulmonary nodules. Materials and methods 122 patients with suspected malignant pulmonary nodules detected on chest CT in preparation for surgery were prospectively recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected before surgery, and CTCs were identified upon isolation by size of epithelial tumour cells and morphological analysis. Laser capture microdissection, MALBAC amplification, and whole-exome sequencing were performed on 8 samples. The diagnostic efficacy of CTCs counting, and the genomic variation profile of benign and malignant CTCs samples were analysed. Results Using 2.5 cells/5 mL as the cut-off value, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was of 0.651 (95% confidence interval: 0.538-0.764), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.526 and 0.800, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values of 91.1% and 30.3%, respectively. Distinct sequence variations differences in DNA damage repair-related and driver genes were observed in benign and malignant samples. TP53 mutations were identified in CTCs of four malignant cases; in particular, g.7578115T>C, g.7578645C>T, and g.7579472G>C were exclusively detected in all four malignant samples. Conclusion CTCs play an ancillary role in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. TP53 mutations in CTCs might be used to identify benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.
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| 4. |
- Zhang, Ben, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid solidification for green-solvent-processed large-area organic solar modules with >16% efficiency
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy & Environmental Science. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enabling green-solvent-processed large-area organic solar cells (OSCs) is of great significance to their industrialization. However, precisely controlling the temperature-dependent fluid mechanics and evaporation behavior of green solvents with high-boiling points is challenging. Controlling these parameters is essential to prevent the non-uniform distribution of active layer components and severe molecule aggregation, which collectively degrade the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of large-scale devices. In this study, we revealed that the temperature gradient distribution across a wet film is the root of the notorious Marangoni effect, which leads to the formation of a severely non-uniform active layer on a large scale. Thus, a rapid solidification strategy was proposed to accelerate the evaporation of toluene, a green solvent, at room temperature. This strategy simultaneously inhibits the Marangoni effect and suppresses molecular aggregation in the wet film, allowing the formation of a nano-scale phase separation active layer with uniform morphology. The resultant toluene-processed 15.64-cm2 large-area OSC module achieves an outstanding PCE of 16.03% (certified: 15.69%), which represents the highest reported PCE of green-solvent-processed OSC modules. Notably, this strategy also exhibits a weak scale dependence on the PCE, and we successfully achieved a state-of-the-art PCE of 14.45% for a 72.00-cm2 OSC module. A rapid solidification strategy was developed for simultaneously avoiding the Marangoni effect and suppressing molecular aggregation. The resultant 15.64 cm2 large-area OSC module exhibited a record power conversion efficiency of 16.03%.
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