| 1. |
- Bruneau, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification
- 2024
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Ingår i: PhytoKeys. - Sofia : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-2011 .- 1314-2003. ; 240, s. 1-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) with ca. 4680 species and 163 genera. It is an ecologically and economically important group formed of mostly woody perennials that range from large canopy emergent trees to functionally herbaceous geoxyles, lianas and shrubs, and which has a global distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Following the recent re-circumscription of 15 Caesalpinioideae genera as presented in Advances in Legume Systematics 14, Part 1, and using as a basis a phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear gene sequences for 420 species and all but five of the genera currently recognised in the subfamily, we present a new higher-level classification for the subfamily. The new classification of Caesalpinioideae comprises eleven tribes, all of which are either new, reinstated or re-circumscribed at this rank: Caesalpinieae Rchb. (27 genera / ca. 223 species), Campsiandreae LPWG (2 / 5-22), Cassieae Bronn (7 / 695), Cera-tonieae Rchb. (4 / 6), Dimorphandreae Benth. (4 / 35), Erythrophleeae LPWG (2 /13), Gleditsieae Nakai (3 / 20), Mimoseae Bronn (100 / ca. 3510), Pterogyneae LPWG (1 / 1), Schizolobieae Nakai (8 / 42-43), Sclerolobieae Benth. & Hook. f. (5 / ca. 113). Although many of these lineages have been recognised and named in the past, either as tribes or informal generic groups, their circumscriptions have varied widely and changed over the past decades, such that all the tribes described here differ in generic membership from those previously recognised. Importantly, the approximately 3500 species and 100 genera of the former subfamily Mimosoideae are now placed in the reinstated, but newly circumscribed, tribe Mimoseae. Because of the large size and ecological importance of the tribe, we also provide a clade-based classification system for Mimoseae that includes 17 named lower-level clades. Fourteen of the 100 Mimoseae genera remain unplaced in these lower-level clades: eight are resolved in two grades and six are phylogenetically isolated monogeneric lineages. In addition to the new classification, we provide a key to genera, morphological descriptions and notes for all 163 genera, all tribes, and all named clades. The diversity of growth forms, foliage, flowers and fruits are illustrated for all genera, and for each genus we also provide a distribution map, based on quality-controlled herbarium specimen localities. A glossary for specialised terms used in legume morphology is provided. This new phylogenetically based classification of Caesalpinioideae provides a solid system for communication and a framework for downstream analyses of biogeography, trait evolution and diversification, as well as for taxonomic revision of still understudied genera.
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| 2. |
- Barkhof, J., et al.
(författare)
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ALMA Band 2 Receiver Automated Test System
- 2022
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Ingår i: 32nd International Symposium of Space Terahertz Technology, ISSTT 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of the ALMA Band 2 project, an automated test system was developed to fully qualify state-of-the-art Band 2 receivers, based on heritage of the Band 9 and Band 5 productions. The RF range of this receiver is 67 - 116 GHz, with a goal IF band of 4-18 GHz. Each receiver will undergo a thorough acceptance testing to verify its operation and performance prior to delivery. The core of the test system are a single-cartridge test cryostat, a dual-channel intermediate frequency signal processor, a vector near-field test system, and script-based measurement and control software that enables automated testing. We present details of the test system and measurement results of the first Band 2 receivers.
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| 3. |
- Belitsky, Victor, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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SEPIA - A new single pixel receiver at the APEX telescope
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. We describe the new Swedish-ESO PI Instrument for APEX (SEPIA) receiver, which was designed and built by the Group for Advanced Receiver Development (GARD), at Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) in collaboration with ESO. It was installed and commissioned at the APEX telescope during 2015 with an ALMA Band 5 receiver channel and updated with a new frequency channel (ALMA Band 9) in February 2016. Aim. This manuscript aims to provide, for observers who use the SEPIA receiver, a reference in terms of the hardware description, optics and performance as well as the commissioning results. Methods. Out of three available receiver cartridge positions in SEPIA, the two current frequency channels, corresponding to ALMA Band 5, the RF band 158-211 GHz, and Band 9, the RF band 600-722 GHz, provide state-of-the-art dual polarization receivers. The Band 5 frequency channel uses 2SB SIS mixers with an average SSB noise temperature around 45 K with IF (intermediate frequency) band 4-8 GHz for each sideband providing total 4 × 4 GHz IF band. The Band 9 frequency channel uses DSB SIS mixers with a noise temperature of 75-125 K with IF band 4-12 GHz for each polarization. Results. Both current SEPIA receiver channels are available to all APEX observers.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Belitsky, Victor, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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ALMA Band 2 Cold Cartridge Assembly Design
- 2022
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Ingår i: 32nd International Symposium of Space Terahertz Technology, ISSTT 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of the ALMA development, we present the design of the ALMA Band 2 Cold Cartridge Assembly (CCA). The Band 2 is the last band that completes the suit of the 10 receiver channels of ALMA. The originally planned ALMA Band 2 receiver cartridge should cover the RF band of 67 - -90 GHz. The recent progress in technology, optics, OMT design and mm-wave amplifiers, however allowed to implement receiver that has an extended RF band up to 116 GHz. Furthermore, the Band 2 receiver pursues 2SB layout and provides 4-18 GHz IF band for two sidebands in a dual-polarization configuration. Here, we describe the design of the Band 2 CCA that includes optics, amplifier assembly, internal RF transport, mechanics and cryogenics. The downconverter part and performances are described elsewhere.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Belitsky, Victor, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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ALMA Band 5 receiver cartridge: Design, performance, and commissioning
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the design, performance, and commissioning results for the new ALMA Band 5 receiver channel, 163-211 GHz, which is in the final stage of full deployment and expected to be available for observations in 2018. This manuscript provides the description of the new ALMA Band 5 receiver cartridge and serves as a reference for observers using the ALMA Band 5 receiver for observations. At the time of writing this paper, the ALMA Band 5 Production Consortium consisting of NOVA Instrumentation group, based in Groningen, NL, and GARD in Sweden have produced and delivered to ALMA Observatory over 60 receiver cartridges. All 60 cartridges fulfil the new more stringent specifications for Band 5 and demonstrate excellent noise temperatures, typically below 45 K single sideband (SSB) at 4 K detector physical temperature and below 35 K SSB at 3.5 K (typical for operation at the ALMA Frontend), providing the average sideband rejection better than 15 dB, and the integrated cross-polarization level better than -25 dB. The 70 warm cartridge assemblies, hosting Band 5 local oscillator and DC bias electronics, have been produced and delivered to ALMA by NRAO. The commissioning results confirm the excellent performance of the receivers.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Elmstedt, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal frequency requirements for tissue velocity imaging of the fetal heart
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 0960-7692 .- 1469-0705. ; 38:4, s. 413-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The high velocity and short duration of myocardial motion requires a high sampling rate to obtain adequate temporal resolution; this issue becomes even more important when taking into consideration the high fetal heart rate. In this study we have established optimal sampling requirements for assessing the duration of various cardiac cycle events and myocardial velocities of the fetal heart using color-coded tissue velocity imaging (TVI). Methods Recordings from 30 fetuses were acquired at an initial frame rate of 180-273 frames/s. All TVI recordings were performed from an apical four-chamber view and stored as cineloops of five to 10 consecutive cardiac cycles for subsequent offline analysis using software enabling a reduction in frame rate. Different components of the myocardial velocity curve, obtained from the basal part of the ventricular septum, were measured at the initial frame rate and compared with their equivalents at gradually decreased frame rates. Results As acquisition frame rate was reduced, there was a marked increase in deviation from the initial values, resulting in an underestimation of all systolic and diastolic velocities. For the measured durations, there was a clear tendency to underestimate isovolumetric contraction and relaxation, and a clear tendency to overestimate ventricular ejection and diastolic E-wave and A-wave. An acceptable <= 5% deviation from the value obtained at the highest frame rate corresponded to measurements obtained at above 150-200 frames/s. Conclusions A high sampling rate of at least 200 frames/s is necessary for adequate reconstruction of TVI data for the fetal heart. Frame rates that are too low result in considerable loss of temporal and velocity information.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Herling, L., et al.
(författare)
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Automated analysis of fetal cardiac function using color tissue Doppler imaging
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 0960-7692 .- 1469-0705. ; 52:5, s. 599-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate the feasibility of automated analysis of fetal myocardial velocity recordings obtained by color tissue Doppler imaging (cTDI). Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional observational study of 107 singleton pregnancies >= 41 weeks of gestation. Myocardial velocity recordings were obtained by cTDI in a long-axis four-chamber view of the fetal heart. Regions of interest were placed in the septum and the right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular walls at the level of the atrioventricular plane. Peak myocardial velocities and mechanical cardiac time intervals were measured both manually and by an automated algorithm and agreement between the two methods was evaluated. Results In total, 321 myocardial velocity traces were analyzed using each method. It was possible to analyze all velocity traces obtained from the LV, RV and septal walls with the automated algorithm, and myocardial velocities and cardiac mechanical time intervals could be measured in 96% of all traces. The same results were obtained when the algorithm was run repeatedly. The myocardial velocities measured using the automated method correlated significantly with those measured manually. The agreement between methods was not consistent and some cTDI parameters had considerable bias and poor precision. Conclusions Automated analysis of myocardial velocity recordings obtained by cTDI was feasible, suggesting that this technique could simplify and facilitate the use of cTDI in the evaluation of fetal cardiac function, both in research and in clinical practice.
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| 15. |
- Herling, L., et al.
(författare)
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Automated analysis of fetal cardiac function using color tissue Doppler imaging in second half of normal pregnancy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : WILEY. - 0960-7692 .- 1469-0705. ; 53:3, s. 348-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Color tissue Doppler imaging (cTDI) is a promising tool for the assessment of fetal cardiac function. However, the analysis of myocardial velocity traces is cumbersome and time-consuming, limiting its application in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate fetal cardiac function during the second half of pregnancy and to develop reference ranges using an automated method to analyze cTDI recordings from a cardiac four-chamber view. Methods This was a cross-sectional study including 201 normal singleton pregnancies between 18 and 42weeks of gestation. During fetal echocardiography, a four-chamber view of the heart was visualized and cTDI was performed. Regions of interest were positioned at the level of the atrioventricular plane in the left ventricular (LV), right ventricular (RV) and septal walls of the fetal heart, to obtain myocardial velocity traces that were analyzed offline using the automated algorithm. Peak myocardial velocities during atrial contraction (Am), ventricular ejection (Sm) and rapid ventricular filling, i. e. early diastole (Em), as well as the Em/Am ratio, mechanical cardiac time intervals and myocardial performance index (cMPI) were evaluated, and gestational age-specific reference ranges were constructed. Results At 18 weeks of gestation, the peak myocardial velocities, presented as fitted mean with 95% CI, were: LV Am, 3.39 (3.09-3.70) cm/s; LV Sm, 1.62 (1.46-1.79) cm/s; LV Em, 1.95 (1.75-2.15) cm/s; septal Am, 3.07 (2.80-3.36) cm/s; septal Sm, 1.93 (1.81-2.06) cm/s; septal Em, 2.57 (2.32-2.84) cm/s; RV Am, 4.89 (4.59-5.20) cm/s; RV Sm, 2.31 (2.16-2.46) cm/s; and RV Em, 2.94 (2.69-3.21) cm/s. At 42weeks of gestation, the peak myocardial velocities had increased to: LV Am, 4.25 (3.87-4.65) cm/s; LV Sm, 3.53 (3.19-3.89) cm/s; LV Em, 4.55 (4.18-4.94) cm/s; septal Am, 4.49 (4.17-4.82) cm/s; septal Sm, 3.36 (3.17-3.55) cm/s; septal Em, 3.76 (3.51-4.03) cm/s; RV Am, 6.52 (6.09-6.96) cm/s; RV Sm, 4.95 (4.59-5.32) cm/s; and RV Em, 5.42 (4.99-5.88) cm/s. The mechanical cardiac time intervals generally remained more stable throughout the second half of pregnancy, although, with increased gestational age, there was an increase in duration of septal and RV atrial contraction, LV pre-ejection and septal and RV ventricular ejection, while there was a decrease in duration of septal postejection. Regression equations used for the construction of gestational age-specific reference ranges for peak myocardial velocities, Em/Am ratios, mechanical cardiac time intervals and cMPI are presented. Conclusion Peak myocardial velocities increase with gestational age, while the mechanical time intervals remain more stable throughout the second half of pregnancy. Using an automated method to analyze cTDI-derived myocardial velocity traces, it was possible to construct reference ranges, which could be used in distinguishing between normal and abnormal fetal cardiac function.
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| 16. |
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| 18. |
- Kroon, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Chronotherapy with a glucokinase activator profoundly improves metabolism in obese Zucker rats
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science translational medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 14:668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circadian rhythms play a critical role in regulating metabolism, including daily cycles of feeding/fasting. Glucokinase (GCK) is central for whole-body glucose homeostasis and oscillates according to a circadian clock. GCK activators (GKAs) effectively reduce hyperglycemia, but their use is also associated with hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. Given the circadian rhythmicity and natural postprandial activation of GCK, we hypothesized that GKA treatment would benefit from being timed specifically during feeding periods. Acute treatment of obese Zucker rats with the GKA AZD1656 robustly increased flux into all major metabolic pathways of glucose disposal, enhancing glucose elimination. Four weeks of continuous AZD1656 treatment of obese Zucker rats improved glycemic control; however, hepatic steatosis and inflammation manifested. In contrast, timing AZD1656 to feeding periods robustly reduced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in addition to improving glycemia, whereas treatment timed to fasting periods caused overall detrimental metabolic effects. Mechanistically, timing AZD1656 to feeding periods diverted newly synthesized lipid toward direct VLDL secretion rather than intrahepatic storage. In line with increased hepatic insulin signaling, timing AZD1656 to feeding resulted in robust activation of AKT, mTOR, and SREBP-1C after glucose loading, pathways known to regulate VLDL secretion and hepatic de novo lipogenesis. In conclusion, intermittent AZD1656 treatment timed to feeding periods promotes glucose disposal when needed the most, restores metabolic flexibility and hepatic insulin sensitivity, and thereby avoids hepatic steatosis. Thus, chronotherapeutic approaches may benefit the development of GKAs and other drugs acting on metabolic targets.
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| 19. |
- Meledin, Denis, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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SEPIA345: A 345 GHz dual polarization heterodyne receiver channel for SEPIA at the APEX telescope
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. We describe the new SEPIA345 heterodyne receiver channel installed at the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope, including details of its configuration, characteristics, and test results on sky. SEPIA345 is designed and built to be a part of the Swedish ESO PI Instrument for the APEX telescope (SEPIA). This new receiver channel is suitable for very high-resolution spectroscopy and covers the frequency range 272- 376 GHz. It utilizes a dual polarization sideband separating (2SB) receiver architecture, employing superconductor-isolator-superconductor mixers (SIS), and provides an intermediate frequency (IF) band of 4- 12 GHz for each sideband and polarization, thus covering a total instantaneous IF bandwidth of 4 ÃÂ - 8 = 32 GHz. Aims. This paper provides a description of the new receiver in terms of its hardware design, performance, and commissioning results. Methods. The methods of design, construction, and testing of the new receiver are presented. Results. The achieved receiver performance in terms of noise temperature, sideband rejection, stability, and other parameters are described. Conclusions. SEPIA345 is a commissioned APEX facility instrument with state-of-the-art wideband IF performance. It has been available on the APEX telescope for science observations since July 2021.
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| 20. |
- Meledin, Denis, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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SEPIA345: a dual polarization 2SB cartridge receiver for APEX telescope: Design and Performance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE International Symposium on Space THz Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new receiver channel covering the 271-377 GHz frequency band has been installed into the SEPIA receiver at the APEX telescope. The receiver channel was designed and built in an ALMA-compatible cartridge layout. The receiver has a dual polarization layout with OMT and employs 2SB SIS mixers featuring an extended 4-12 GHz IF band, providing 32 GHz instantaneous IF bandwidth for two polarizations and two sidebands.
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| 21. |
- Meledin, Denis, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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SEPIA345: a dual polarization 2SB cartridge receiver for APEX telescope: Design and Performance
- 2022
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Ingår i: 32nd International Symposium of Space Terahertz Technology, ISSTT 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new receiver channel covering the 271-377 GHz frequency band has been installed into the SEPIA receiver at the APEX telescope. The receiver channel was designed and built in an ALMA-compatible cartridge layout. The receiver has a dual polarization layout with OMT and employs 2SB SIS mixers featuring an extended 4-12 GHz IF band, providing 32 GHz instantaneous IF bandwidth for two polarizations and two sidebands.
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| 22. |
- Mi, Y-H, et al.
(författare)
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Current asthma and respiratory symptoms among pupils in Shanghai, China : influence of building ventilation, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and formaldehyde in classrooms
- 2006
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 16:6, s. 454-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated 10 naturally ventilated schools in Shanghai, in winter. Pupils (13-14 years) in 30 classes received a questionnaire, 1414 participated (99%). Classroom temperatures were 13-21 degrees C (mean 17 degrees C), relative air humidity was 36-82% (mean 56%). The air exchange rate was 2.9-29.4 ac/h (mean 9.1), because of window opening. Mean CO2 exceeded 1000 ppm in 45% of the classrooms. NO2 levels were 33-85 mu g/m(3) indoors, and 45-80 mu g/m(3) outdoors. Ozone were 1-9 mu g/m(3) indoors and 17-28 mu g/m(3) outdoors. In total, 8.9% had doctors' diagnosed asthma, 3.1% wheeze, 23.0% daytime breathlessness, 2.4% current asthma, and 2.3% asthma medication. Multiple logistic regression was applied. Observed indoor molds was associated with asthma attacks [odds ratio (OR) = 2.40: P < 0.05]. Indoor temperature was associated with daytime breathlessness (OR = 1.26 for 1 C; P < 0.001), and indoor CO2 with current asthma (OR = 1.18 for 100 ppm; P < 0.01) and asthma medication (OR = 1.15 for 100 ppm; P < 0.05). Indoor NO2 was associated with current asthma (OR = 1.51 for 10 mu g/m(3); P < 0.01) and asthma medication (OR = 1.45 for 10 mu g/m(3); P < 0.01). Outdoor NO2 was associated with current asthma (OR = 1.44 for 10 mu g/m(3); P < 0.05). Indoor and outdoor ozone was negatively associated with daytime breathlessness. In conclusion, asthma symptoms among pupils in Shanghai can be influenced by lack of ventilation and outdoor air pollution from traffic.
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| 23. |
- Skärby, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Luftföroreningar och växthusgaser: jordbrukets roll som mottagare och källa
- 1995
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För det närmaste decenniet är det fem miljöproblem som är angelägna för jordbruket 1) Eutrofiering: det ökade kvävenedfallet orsakar problem för jordbruket eftersom artmångfalden i kultur- och skogslandskap hotas. 2) Försurning: jordbruksmarken försuras av många orsaker varav svavelnedfallet står för cirka 10 %. Kompensationen genom kalkning är idag otillräcklig. 3) Marknära ozon: orsakar skördebortfall (cirka 5 %) och nedsatt kvalitet hos vissa grödor. 4) Kadmium i gröda: halten i grödor ökar och har i vete fördubblats under de senaste 60 åren. 5) Växthusgaser och UV-B-strålning: växthusgaser kommer sannolikt att förhöja temperaturen i atmosfären, samtidigt som ultraviolett strålning ökar. Vi är mycket beroende av vilka utsläppsbegränsningar som sker i andra länder för vår egen miljösituation. I Sverige står jordbruket för närvarande för följande andelar av de totala antropogena utsläppen: kväveoxider 4 %, ammoniak 96 %, totalkväve 28 %, koldioxid 11 %; metan 30 %, och lustgas 35%. Jordbrukets bidrag till växthuseffekten har beräknats till cirka 13 % när hänsyn tas till samtliga svenska antropogena emissioner av växthusgaser
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