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| 2. |
- Reitermaier, R, et al.
(författare)
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αβγδ T cells play a vital role in fetal human skin development and immunity
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 218:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- T cells in human skin play an important role in the immune defense against pathogens and tumors. T cells are present already in fetal skin, where little is known about their cellular phenotype and biological function. Using single-cell analyses, we identified a naive T cell population expressing αβ and γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) that was enriched in fetal skin and intestine but not detected in other fetal organs and peripheral blood. TCR sequencing data revealed that double-positive (DP) αβγδ T cells displayed little overlap of CDR3 sequences with single-positive αβ T cells. Gene signatures, cytokine profiles and in silico receptor–ligand interaction studies indicate their contribution to early skin development. DP αβγδ T cells were phosphoantigen responsive, suggesting their participation in the protection of the fetus against pathogens in intrauterine infections. Together, our analyses unveil a unique cutaneous T cell type within the native skin microenvironment and point to fundamental differences in the immune surveillance between fetal and adult human skin.
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- Schuster, C, et al.
(författare)
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HLA-DR+ leukocytes acquire CD1 antigens in embryonic and fetal human skin and contain functional antigen-presenting cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 206:1, s. 169-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adequate numbers and functional maturity are needed for leukocytes to exhibit a protective role in host defense. During intrauterine life, the skin immune system has to acquire these prerequisites to protect the newborn from infection in the hostile external environment after birth. We investigated the quantitative, phenotypic, and functional development of skin leukocytes and analyzed the factors controlling their proliferation and trafficking during skin development. We show that CD45+ leukocytes are scattered in embryonic human skin and that their numbers continuously increase as the developing skin generates an environment that promotes proliferation of skin resident leukocytes as well as the influx of leukocytes from the circulation. We also found that CD45+HLA-DRhighCD1c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are already present in the epidermis and dermis at 9 wk estimated gestational age (EGA) and that transforming growth factor β1 production precedes Langerin and CD1a expression on CD45+CD1c+ Langerhans cell (LC) precursors. Functionally, embryonic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are able to phagocytose antigen, to up-regulate costimulatory molecules upon culture, and to efficiently stimulate T cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Collectively, our data provide insight into skin DC biology and the mechanisms through which skin DCs presumably populate the skin during development.
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- Stewart, GT, et al.
(författare)
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The Durban Declaration is not accepted by all
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 407:6802, s. 286-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
- Chabbert-Buffet, N, et al.
(författare)
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Missed pills: frequency, reasons, consequences and solutions
- 2017
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Ingår i: The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-0782. ; 22:3, s. 165-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 14. |
- Felnhofer, A, et al.
(författare)
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Anonymous birth: Biographical knowledge and dyadic coping in adoptive mothers and fathers
- 2023
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Ingår i: CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 42:4, s. 2719-2732
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research on adoptive parents of anonymously born children is still scarce. Open issues are (1) examining how much biographical information is available to adoptive parents, (2) considering differences between adoptive mothers and fathers, and (3) understanding what affects their dyadic coping. Hence, this study set out to compare adoptive mothers’ and fathers’ mental health, attachment styles, dyadic coping, and biographical knowledge, and to identify predictors of dyadic coping. 62 mothers and 40 fathers (mean age: 46 years) raising an anonymously born adoptee answered online or paper-pencil versions of the Brief Symptom Inventory, Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire, Dyadic Coping Inventory, Child Behavior Checklist, and a checklist of biographical data. Descriptive analyses showed that biographical knowledge was generally low in adoptive parents. More information was available on the birth mother than the birth father, with letters being the most common memorial. Furthermore, student t-tests revealed few differences: adoptive mothers reported to be more anxious and rated their ability to communicate stress and common dyadic coping as higher than did adoptive fathers. Finally, a hierarchical linear regression identified knowledge of more biographical data, parents’ older age as well as child’s younger age and higher psychopathology scores as predictors of better adoptive parents’ dyadic coping. These findings highlight the difficult task of gathering biographical information whilst maintaining the birth mother’s anonymity. They also stress the need of further research which may inform policies tailored to the specific needs of adoptive parents in the context of anonymous birth.
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| 15. |
- Fiala, C, et al.
(författare)
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HIV/AIDS data in South Africa
- 2002
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Ingår i: Lancet (London, England). - 0140-6736. ; 359:9319, s. 1782-1782
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 26. |
- Schuster, C, et al.
(författare)
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Human embryonic epidermis contains a diverse Langerhans cell precursor pool
- 2014
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Ingår i: Development (Cambridge, England). - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9129 .- 0950-1991. ; 141:4, s. 807-815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite intense efforts, the exact phenotype of the epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) precursors during human ontogeny has not been determined yet. These elusive precursors are believed to migrate into the embryonic skin and to express primitive surface markers, including CD36, but not typical LC markers such as CD1a, CD1c and CD207. The aim of this study was to further characterize the phenotype of LC precursors in human embryonic epidermis and to compare it with that of LCs in healthy adult skin. We found that epidermal leukocytes in first trimester human skin are negative for CD34 and heterogeneous with regard to the expression of CD1c, CD14 and CD36, thus contrasting the phenotypic uniformity of epidermal LCs in adult skin. These data indicate that LC precursors colonize the developing epidermis in an undifferentiated state, where they acquire the definitive LC marker profile with time. Using a human three-dimensional full-thickness skin model to mimic in vivo LC development, we found that FACS-sorted, CD207- cord blood-derived haematopoietic precursor cells resembling foetal LC precursors but not CD14+CD16- blood monocytes integrate into skin equivalents, and without additional exogenous cytokines give rise to cells that morphologically and phenotypically resemble LCs. Overall, it appears that CD14- haematopoietic precursors possess a much higher differentiation potential than CD14+ precursor cells.
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| 28. |
- Sonderegger, S, et al.
(författare)
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Wingless (Wnt)-3A induces trophoblast migration and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion through canonical Wnt signaling and protein kinase B/AKT activation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7170 .- 0013-7227. ; 151:1, s. 211-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Invasion of human trophoblasts is promoted through activation of wingless (Wnt) signaling, suggesting a role of the pathway in placental development and morphogenesis. However, details on the process such as involvement of canonical and/or noncanonical Wnt signaling cascades as well as their target genes are largely unknown. Hence, signal transduction via canonical Wnt signaling or phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and their cross talk as well as trophoblast-specific protease expression were investigated in trophoblastic SGHPL-5 cells and primary extravillous trophoblasts purified from first-trimester placentas. Western blot analyses revealed that the recombinant Wnt ligand Wnt-3A increased phosphorylation of AKT and the downstream kinase glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β as well as accumulation of activated, nuclear β-catenin. In accordance, luciferase expression of a canonical Wnt/TCF reporter and cell migration in first-trimester villous explant cultures and of SGHPL-5 cells were stimulated. Chemical inhibition of PI3K abolished Wnt-dependent phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β and trophoblast motility but did not affect appearance of activated β-catenin or Wnt/TCF reporter activity. In contrast, inhibition of the canonical pathway through soluble Dickkopf-1 did not influence AKT and GSK-3β phosphorylation but reduced Wnt reporter activity, accumulation of active β-catenin, and cell migration. Both inhibitors decreased Wnt-3A-induced secretion of pro- and active matrix metalloproteinase-2 from SGHPL-5 cells and pure EVT. The data suggest that Wnt-3A may activate canonical Wnt signaling and PI3K/AKT through distinct receptors. The two signaling cascades act independently in trophoblasts; however, both pathways promote Wnt-dependent migration and the release of matrix metalloproteinase-2, which has been identified as novel Wnt target in invasive trophoblasts.
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| 31. |
- Arthur, J, et al.
(författare)
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The dishonourable disobedience of not providing abortion
- 2017
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Ingår i: The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-0782. ; 22:1, s. 81-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 40. |
- Bizjak, I., et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and safety of very early medical termination of pregnancy: a cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 124:13, s. 1993-1999
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of medical termination of pregnancy (MTOP) when no intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) is confirmed on ultrasound. Design: Retrospective case-note review. Setting: Two gynaecological clinics in Vienna, Austria, and Gothenburg, Sweden. Population: All women with gestations of ≤49days undergoing an MTOP during 2004–14 (Vienna) and 2012–15 (Gothenburg). Methods: Two study cohorts were created: women with and women without a confirmed IUP. An IUP was defined as the intrauterine location of a yolk sac or fetal structure visible by ultrasound. Women with an IUP were selected randomly and included in the IUP cohort. Main outcome measures: Efficacy of MTOP, defined as no continuing pregnancy and with no need of surgery for incomplete TOP. Results: After excluding 11 women diagnosed with an extra-uterine or molar pregnancy, 2643 cases were included in the final analysis; 1120 (98.2%) had a successful TOP in the no-IUP group, compared with 1458 (97.1%) in the IUP group, with a risk difference of 1.09% (95% confidence interval, 95%CI, −0.14, 2.32%; P=0.077). Significantly more women with confirmed IUP were diagnosed with incomplete TOP, and were treated with either surgery or additional medical treatment of misoprostol [64 (4.3%) versus 21 (1.8%); risk difference −2.42%; 95%CI −3.9, −1.1%; P < 0.001]. Conclusions: There was no difference between the groups in efficacy of MTOP, whereas early treatment resulted in significantly fewer interventions for incomplete TOP. The risk of ectopic pregnancy needs to be considered if treatment is initiated before an IUP is confirmed, but with structured clinical protocols the possibility of the early detection of an ectopic pregnancy in an asymptomatic phase may increase. Tweetable abstract: MTOP before confirmed intrauterine pregnancy is as effective as at later gestation with less incomplete TOP.
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| 44. |
- Bosch, H, et al.
(författare)
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Needs transilation
- 2008
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Ingår i: GEBURTSHILFE UND FRAUENHEILKUNDE. - 0016-5751. ; 68:4, s. 425-425
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 50. |
- Craven, BM, et al.
(författare)
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Making AIDS a business imperative
- 1999
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Ingår i: Lancet (London, England). - 0140-6736. ; 354:9179, s. 679-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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