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- Marino, T., et al.
(författare)
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Photocatalytic activity and synthesis procedures of TiO2 nanoparticles for potential applications in membranes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Application of Nanotechnology in Membranes for Water Treatment. - : CRC Press. - 9781351715263 - 9781138896581 ; , s. 127-146
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Heterogeneous photocatalysis based on oxide semiconductors is a promising technique for the prevention of microbial proliferation and to limit the growth of microorganisms. Among the studied photocatalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO2) represents one of the most interesting materials, due to its low cost, biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and notable optical and dielectric properties. It exists in three polymorphic forms: rutile, which is the most stable form, anatase and brookite, both of which are metastable and convert into rutile upon heating. TiO2 nanoparticles can be efficiently obtained via different synthesis techniques, such as sol-gel, sol, hydrothermal, solvothermal, direct oxidation, chemical or physical vapor deposition, microwave, and reverse micelle methods, which offer the possibility to obtain well-controlled nanoparticle size and morphology. In the different TiO2 applications, its antimicrobial action has attracted a lot of attention in the last few decades. Particularly promising are the hybrid or mixed matrix TiO2- polymeric membranes, which allow separation and simultaneous photocatalytic reaction, without requiring any catalyst recovery operation. Several works have been published on the efficiency of the hybrid inorganic-organic membranes as antimicrobial systems, for bacteria, viruses, fungi and algae disruption. The TiO2 incorporation in/on the polymeric membrane also allows the reduction of fouling and at the same time highly improves water permeability and self-cleaning ability.
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| 2. |
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Membrane technologies for water treatment : Removal of toxic trace elements with emphasis on arsenic, fluoride and uranium
- 2016
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Focuses on the application of membrane technologies in removing toxic metals\metalloids from water. Particular attention is devoted to the removal of arsenic, uranium, and fluoride. These compounds are all existing in the earth's crust at levels between two and five thousands micrograms per kg (parts per million) on average and these compounds can be considered highly toxic to humans, who are exposed to them primarily from air, food and water. In order to comply with the new maximum contaminant level, numerous studies have been undertaken to improve established treatments or to develop novel treatment technologies for removing toxic metals from contaminated surface and groundwater. Among the technologies available, applicable for water treatment, membrane technology has been identified as a promising technology to remove such toxic metals from water. The book describes both pressure driven (traditional processes, such as Nanofiltration, Reverse Osmosis, Ultrafiltration,etc) and more advanced membrane processes (such as forward osmosis, membrane distillation, and membrane bio-reactors) employed in the application of interest. Key aspect of this book is to provide information on both the basics of membrane technologies and on the results depending on the type of technology employed.
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