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Sökning: WFRF:(Figueiredo Lucas)

  • Resultat 1-4 av 4
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1.
  • Gil, Jorge, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • Street Networks - Alternative models, measures & their merits
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Cities concentrate intensive human activities requiring highly complex networked infrastructure for movement, public transport and myriad other spatial interactions. The planning and management of multi-modal street networks for diverse users therefore requires an understanding of urban layout beyond motorised vehicle networks as simple linear conduits of movement. In seeking to address these issues, there has been a profusion of studies of street networks in recent years, with increasing attention from network scientists such as physicists, in addition to studies from transport, geographical and urban fields. These studies take different approaches to representing street networks, each with a different focus, sophistication and level of detail. The models used are based on paradigms grounded in different traditions, often with little reflection upon which is the appropriate representation of the system for a particular application. The different approaches typically generate different results without necessarily comparing means of representation and methods of analysis for different modes and contexts. A few studies have made comparisons but none has yet been done systematically across a wider set of approaches. In this international, inter-disciplinary contribution, we identify and characterise different representations of street networks, and associated measures, and compare analytic results for a sample area to bring out the commonalities, differences and relative merits of the different approaches. This review is a first step to build a foundation for deeper and more consistent understanding of the meaning and significance of the different models, and of their utility for particular applications.
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2.
  • Lopes, Flávia, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluating the impact of social housing policies: Measuring accessibility changes when individuals move to social housing projects
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science. - 2399-8091 .- 2399-8083. ; In Press
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Addressing housing deficits and inequalities remains a key challenge for cities in promoting more sustainable urban development. In response to these challenges, governments around the world, particularly in the Global South, have made substantial investments in housing policies for middle- and low-income individuals. Nevertheless, while these initiatives increase housing provision, they often face criticism for not adequately considering the location of new residences. This oversight has far-reaching effects on the accessibility to essential facilities, which play a pivotal role in determining spatial advantages and disadvantages, and consequently, in the degree of inclusion of individuals in both the city and society. Addressing this critical role of accessibility, this paper introduces a methodology for assessing the potential impact of housing policies on the lives of their beneficiaries, by quantifying changes in cumulative accessibility levels between individuals' former house locations and the location of the housing projects into which they moved. Accessibility is calculated for three distinct transport modes: walking, cycling, and public transport, using unimodal and multimodal urban network models. A case study was conducted in Natal, northeastern Brazil, on the implementation of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My House, My Life, MCMV) housing policy, initiated in 2009 and still active today. The results of the study revealed a significant decrease in accessibility across all transportation modes when individuals moved to the new housing estates. The decline was particularly pronounced among individuals with lower incomes, potentially raising their regular expenses after relocation and, ultimately, leading to spatial isolation and social exclusion. These findings demonstrate the contribution of the methodology to capturing the impacts of housing policies on the everyday accessibility of their beneficiaries, while emphasizing the importance of re-evaluating these policies with a particular focus on fostering the social and urban inclusion of beneficiaries.
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3.
  • Lopes, Flávia, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Revealing the spatial capital of everyday life of rehoused people The case of Minha Casa Minha Vida housing programme in Natal, Brazil
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings 13th International Space Syntax Symposium, SSS 2022.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents partial results of ongoing research that aims at revealing gains and losses in the spatial capital of everyday life of individuals who moved into housing estates financed by public housing programmes, as well as the possible effects of these gains and losses on social and urban issues. The spatial capital of everyday life is a theoretical-methodological effort created as an extension of the spatial capital theory (Marcus, 2010). This effort adds to Marcus's theory possibilities of measuring advantages for urban life from time-based accessibility to land use and configurational measures. To apply this effort to an empirical object, we measured the spatial capital of everyday life of people who moved into housing estates financed by the Minha Casa Minha Vida Housing Programme (MCMV) (“My House, My Life”), the largest housing programme that ever existed in Brazil. Spatial profiles were created from a combination of time-based accessibility measures extracted from unimodal and multimodal transport, land use, and information concerning private and public transport networks. The outcomes show that the beneficiaries of the MCMV with the lowest income suffer more disadvantages in terms of time-based accessibility to daily life support services and aspects of the network configuration, which may be engendering higher locational costs and deepening a process of socio-spatial segregation. These results indicate that the analytical approach is effective in calculating aspects related to access within the city, and can be an important ally to capture issues inherent to everyday life and to support decision-makers.
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4.
  • Marshall, Stephen, et al. (författare)
  • Street Network Studies: from Networks to Models and their Representations
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Networks and Spatial Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1572-9427 .- 1566-113X. ; 18:3, s. 735-749
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Over the last fifty years, research into street networks has gained prominence with a rapidly growing number of studies across disparate disciplines. These studies investigate a wide range of phenomena using a wealth of data and diverse analytical techniques. Starting within the fields of transport or infrastructure engineering, street networks have commonly been treated as sets of more or less homogeneous linear elements, connecting locations and intersecting at junctions. This view is commonly represented as a graph, which provides a common and rigorous formalisation accessible across disciplines and is particularly well-suited for problems such as flow optimisation and routing. Street networks are, however, complex objects of investigation and the way we model and then represent them as graphs has fundamental effects on the outcomes of a study. Many approaches to modelling street networks have been proposed, each lending itself to different analyses and supporting insights into diverse aspects of the urban system. Yet, this plurality and the relation between different models remains relatively obscure and unexplored. The motivations for adopting a given model of the network are also not always clear and often seem to follow disciplinary traditions. This paper provides an overview of key street network models and the prima facie merits of pertinent alternative approaches. It suggests greater attention to consistent use of terms and concepts, of graph representations and practical applications, and concludes with suggestions for possible ways forward.
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  • Resultat 1-4 av 4

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