SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Fitzpatrick John) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Fitzpatrick John)

  • Resultat 1-50 av 81
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Jones, Lesley, et al. (författare)
  • Convergent genetic and expression data implicate immunity in Alzheimer's disease
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 11:6, s. 658-671
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is heritable with 20 genes showing genome-wide association in the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP). To identify the biology underlying the disease, we extended these genetic data in a pathway analysis. Methods: The ALIGATOR and GSEA algorithms were used in the IGAP data to identify associated functional pathways and correlated gene expression networks in human brain. Results: ALIGATOR identified an excess of curated biological pathways showing enrichment of association. Enriched areas of biology included the immune response (P = 3.27 X 10(-12) after multiple testing correction for pathways), regulation of endocytosis (P = 1.31 X 10(-11)), cholesterol transport (P = 2.96 X 10(-9)), and proteasome-ubiquitin activity (P = 1.34 X 10(-6)). Correlated gene expression analysis identified four significant network modules, all related to the immune response (corrected P = .002-.05). Conclusions: The immime response, regulation of endocytosis, cholesterol transport, and protein ubiquitination represent prime targets for AD therapeutics.
  •  
2.
  • Escott-Price, Valentina, et al. (författare)
  • Gene-Wide Analysis Detects Two New Susceptibility Genes for Alzheimer's Disease
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:6, s. e94661-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Alzheimer's disease is a common debilitating dementia with known heritability, for which 20 late onset susceptibility loci have been identified, but more remain to be discovered. This study sought to identify new susceptibility genes, using an alternative gene-wide analytical approach which tests for patterns of association within genes, in the powerful genome-wide association dataset of the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project Consortium, comprising over 7 m genotypes from 25,580 Alzheimer's cases and 48,466 controls. Principal Findings: In addition to earlier reported genes, we detected genome-wide significant loci on chromosomes 8 (TP53INP1, p = 1.4x10(-6)) and 14 (IGHV1-67 p = 7.9x10(-8)) which indexed novel susceptibility loci. Significance: The additional genes identified in this study, have an array of functions previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including aspects of energy metabolism, protein degradation and the immune system and add further weight to these pathways as potential therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease.
  •  
3.
  • Tobias, Deirdre K, et al. (författare)
  • Second international consensus report on gaps and opportunities for the clinical translation of precision diabetes medicine
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - 1546-170X. ; 29:10, s. 2438-2457
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Precision medicine is part of the logical evolution of contemporary evidence-based medicine that seeks to reduce errors and optimize outcomes when making medical decisions and health recommendations. Diabetes affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, many of whom will develop life-threatening complications and die prematurely. Precision medicine can potentially address this enormous problem by accounting for heterogeneity in the etiology, clinical presentation and pathogenesis of common forms of diabetes and risks of complications. This second international consensus report on precision diabetes medicine summarizes the findings from a systematic evidence review across the key pillars of precision medicine (prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis) in four recognized forms of diabetes (monogenic, gestational, type 1, type 2). These reviews address key questions about the translation of precision medicine research into practice. Although not complete, owing to the vast literature on this topic, they revealed opportunities for the immediate or near-term clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine; furthermore, we expose important gaps in knowledge, focusing on the need to obtain new clinically relevant evidence. Gaps include the need for common standards for clinical readiness, including consideration of cost-effectiveness, health equity, predictive accuracy, liability and accessibility. Key milestones are outlined for the broad clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine.
  •  
4.
  • Feng, Shaohong, et al. (författare)
  • Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 587:7833
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Whole-genome sequencing projects are increasingly populating the tree of life and characterizing biodiversity(1-4). Sparse taxon sampling has previously been proposed to confound phylogenetic inference(5), and captures only a fraction of the genomic diversity. Here we report a substantial step towards the dense representation of avian phylogenetic and molecular diversity, by analysing 363 genomes from 92.4% of bird families-including 267 newly sequenced genomes produced for phase II of the Bird 10,000 Genomes (B10K) Project. We use this comparative genome dataset in combination with a pipeline that leverages a reference-free whole-genome alignment to identify orthologous regions in greater numbers than has previously been possible and to recognize genomic novelties in particular bird lineages. The densely sampled alignment provides a single-base-pair map of selection, has more than doubled the fraction of bases that are confidently predicted to be under conservation and reveals extensive patterns of weak selection in predominantly non-coding DNA. Our results demonstrate that increasing the diversity of genomes used in comparative studies can reveal more shared and lineage-specific variation, and improve the investigation of genomic characteristics. We anticipate that this genomic resource will offer new perspectives on evolutionary processes in cross-species comparative analyses and assist in efforts to conserve species. A dataset of the genomes of 363 species from the Bird 10,000 Genomes Project shows increased power to detect shared and lineage-specific variation, demonstrating the importance of phylogenetically diverse taxon sampling in whole-genome sequencing.
  •  
5.
  • Mills, James A., et al. (författare)
  • Archiving Primary Data : Solutions for Long-Term Studies
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 30:10, s. 581-589
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The recent trend for journals to require open access to primary data included in publications has been embraced by many biologists, but has caused apprehension amongst researchers engaged in long-term ecological and evolutionary studies. A worldwide survey of 73 principal investigators (PIs) with long-term studies revealed positive attitudes towards sharing data with the agreement or involvement of the PI, and 93% of PIs have historically shared data. Only 8% were in favor of uncontrolled, open access to primary data while 63% expressed serious concern. We present here their viewpoint on an issue that can have non-trivial scientific consequences. We discuss potential costs of public data archiving and provide possible solutions to meet the needs of journals and researchers.
  •  
6.
  •  
7.
  • Patel, Riyaz S., et al. (författare)
  • Association of Chromosome 9p21 With Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease Events : A GENIUS-CHD Study of Individual Participant Data
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Circulation. - 2574-8300. ; 12:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 is a recognized risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, its effect on disease progression and subsequent events is unclear, raising questions about its value for stratification of residual risk.METHODS: A variant at chromosome 9p21 (rs1333049) was tested for association with subsequent events during follow-up in 103 357 Europeans with established CHD at baseline from the GENIUS-CHD (Genetics of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease) Consortium (73.1% male, mean age 62.9 years). The primary outcome, subsequent CHD death or myocardial infarction (CHD death/myocardial infarction), occurred in 13 040 of the 93 115 participants with available outcome data. Effect estimates were compared with case/control risk obtained from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium (Coronary Artery Disease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis [CARDIoGRAM] plus The Coronary Artery Disease [C4D] Genetics) including 47 222 CHD cases and 122 264 controls free of CHD.RESULTS: Meta-analyses revealed no significant association between chromosome 9p21 and the primary outcome of CHD death/myocardial infarction among those with established CHD at baseline (GENIUSCHD odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99-1.05). This contrasted with a strong association in CARDIoGRAMPlusC4D odds ratio 1.20; 95% CI, 1.18-1.22; P for interaction < 0.001 compared with the GENIUS-CHD estimate. Similarly, no clear associations were identified for additional subsequent outcomes, including all-cause death, although we found a modest positive association between chromosome 9p21 and subsequent revascularization (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.09).CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to studies comparing individuals with CHD to disease-free controls, we found no clear association between genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 and risk of subsequent acute CHD events when all individuals had CHD at baseline. However, the association with subsequent revascularization may support the postulated mechanism of chromosome 9p21 for promoting atheroma development.
  •  
8.
  • Patel, Riyaz S., et al. (författare)
  • Subsequent Event Risk in Individuals With Established Coronary Heart Disease : Design and Rationale of the GENIUS-CHD Consortium
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Circulation. - 2574-8300. ; 12:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The Genetics of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease (GENIUS-CHD) consortium was established to facilitate discovery and validation of genetic variants and biomarkers for risk of subsequent CHD events, in individuals with established CHD.METHODS: The consortium currently includes 57 studies from 18 countries, recruiting 185 614 participants with either acute coronary syndrome, stable CHD, or a mixture of both at baseline. All studies collected biological samples and followed-up study participants prospectively for subsequent events.RESULTS: Enrollment into the individual studies took place between 1985 to present day with a duration of follow-up ranging from 9 months to 15 years. Within each study, participants with CHD are predominantly of self-reported European descent (38%-100%), mostly male (44%-91%) with mean ages at recruitment ranging from 40 to 75 years. Initial feasibility analyses, using a federated analysis approach, yielded expected associations between age (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.14-1.16) per 5-year increase, male sex (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13-1.21) and smoking (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.51) with risk of subsequent CHD death or myocardial infarction and differing associations with other individual and composite cardiovascular endpoints.CONCLUSIONS: GENIUS-CHD is a global collaboration seeking to elucidate genetic and nongenetic determinants of subsequent event risk in individuals with established CHD, to improve residual risk prediction and identify novel drug targets for secondary prevention. Initial analyses demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of a federated analysis approach. The consortium now plans to initiate and test novel hypotheses as well as supporting replication and validation analyses for other investigators.
  •  
9.
  • Stephens, Lucas, et al. (författare)
  • Archaeological assessment reveals Earth’s early transformation through land use
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 365:6456, s. 897-902
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Humans began to leave lasting impacts on Earth’s surface starting 10,000 to 8000 years ago. Through a synthetic collaboration with archaeologists around the globe, Stephens et al. compiled a comprehensive picture of the trajectory of human land use worldwide during the Holocene (see the Perspective by Roberts). Hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists transformed the face of Earth earlier and to a greater extent than has been widely appreciated, a transformation that was essentially global by 3000 years before the present.Science, this issue p. 897; see also p. 865Environmentally transformative human use of land accelerated with the emergence of agriculture, but the extent, trajectory, and implications of these early changes are not well understood. An empirical global assessment of land use from 10,000 years before the present (yr B.P.) to 1850 CE reveals a planet largely transformed by hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists by 3000 years ago, considerably earlier than the dates in the land-use reconstructions commonly used by Earth scientists. Synthesis of knowledge contributed by more than 250 archaeologists highlighted gaps in archaeological expertise and data quality, which peaked for 2000 yr B.P. and in traditionally studied and wealthier regions. Archaeological reconstruction of global land-use history illuminates the deep roots of Earth’s transformation and challenges the emerging Anthropocene paradigm that large-scale anthropogenic global environmental change is mostly a recent phenomenon.
  •  
10.
  • Fitzpatrick, John M., et al. (författare)
  • Optimizing treatment for men with advanced prostate cancer : expert recommendations and the multidisciplinary approach
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-8428 .- 1879-0461. ; 68:Suppl.1, s. S9-S22
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A multidisciplinary panel of 20 international experts, including urologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists, convened during the Advanced Prostate Cancer Multidisciplinary Team meeting in Rome, Italy, in January 2007, to discuss the multidisciplinary team approach and current patterns of care for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). During the meeting, the experts discussed several definitions currently used in prostate cancer management, including those for senior adult patients. In addition, the panel reviewed a series of patient case studies in order to provide feedback on current treatment practices and to identify possible strategies for best practice. It was stressed that treatment decisions for senior adult patients should not be based solely on patient age. Additionally, although historically treatment decisions for advanced prostate cancer have focused on palliative care, given the survival benefit associated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy across patient subgroups, more men are likely to be offered chemotherapy for advanced-stage disease in the future.
  •  
11.
  • Jung, Christian, et al. (författare)
  • A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery. 
  •  
12.
  • Phillips, John, et al. (författare)
  • Why is it so difficult to study magnetic compass orientation in murine rodents?
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-7594. ; 208:1, s. 197-212
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A magnetic compass sense has been demonstrated in all major classes of vertebrates, as well as in many invertebrates. In mammals, controlled laboratory studies of mice have provided evidence for a robust magnetic compass that is comparable to, or exceeds, the performance of that in other animals. Nevertheless, the vast majority of laboratory studies of spatial behavior and cognition in murine rodents have failed to produce evidence of sensitivity to magnetic cues. Given the central role that a magnetic compass sense plays in the spatial ecology and cognition of non-mammalian vertebrates, and the potential utility that a global/universal reference frame derived from the magnetic field would have in mammals, the question of why responses to magnetic cues have been so difficult to demonstrate reliably is of considerable importance. In this paper, we review evidence that the magnetic compass of murine rodents shares a number of properties with light-dependent compasses in a wide variety of other animals generally believed to be mediated by a radical pair mechanism (RPM) or related quantum process. Consistent with the RPM, we summarize both published and previously unpublished findings suggesting that the murine rodent compass is sensitive to low-level radio frequency (RF) fields. Finally, we argue that the presence of anthropogenic RF fields in laboratory settings, may be an important source of variability in responses of murine rodents to magnetic cues.
  •  
13.
  • Polyak, Leonid, et al. (författare)
  • History of sea ice in the Arctic
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 29:15-16, s. 1757-1778
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Arctic sea-ice extent and volume are declining rapidly. Several studies project that the Arctic Ocean may become seasonally ice-free by the year 2040 or even earlier. Putting this into perspective requires information on the history of Arctic sea-ice conditions through the geologic past. This information can be provided by proxy records from the Arctic Ocean floor and from the surrounding coasts. Although existing records are far from complete, they indicate that sea ice became a feature of the Arctic by 47 Ma, following a pronounced decline in atmospheric pCO(2) after the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Optimum, and consistently covered at least part of the Arctic Ocean for no less than the last 13-14 million years. Ice was apparently most widespread during the last 2-3 million years, in accordance with Earth's overall cooler climate. Nevertheless, episodes of considerably reduced sea ice or even seasonally ice-free conditions occurred during warmer periods linked to orbital variations. The last low-ice event related to orbital forcing (high insolation) was in the early Holocene, after which the northern high latitudes cooled overall, with some superimposed shorterterm (multidecadal to millennial-scale) and lower-magnitude variability. The current reduction in Arctic ice cover started in the late 19th century, consistent with the rapidly warming climate, and became very pronounced over the last three decades. This ice loss appears to be unmatched over at least the last few thousand years and unexplainable by any of the known natural variabilities.
  •  
14.
  • Abdissa, Negera, et al. (författare)
  • Cytotoxic Quinones from the roots of Aloe dawei
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1420-3049 .- 1431-5157. ; 19:3, s. 3264-3273
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Seven naphthoquinones and nine anthraquinones were isolated from the roots of Aloe dawei by chromatographic separation. The purified metabolites were identified by NMR and MS analyses. Out of the sixteen quinones, 6-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is a new compound. Two of the isolates, 5,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione and 1-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone showed high cytotoxic activity (IC50 1.15 and 4.85 µM) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, whereas the others showed moderate to low cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 (ER Negative) and MCF-7 (ER Positive) cancer cells.
  •  
15.
  • Bennett, Gareth J., et al. (författare)
  • Noise source location in turbomachinery using coherence based modal decomposition
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: 15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (30th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference). - Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. - 9781563479748
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Coherence based source analysis techniques can be used to identify the contribution of turbomachinery core noise sources to pressure measurements in the far-field. The usual approach is to locate a measurement sensor within the engine and to calculate the ordinary coherence function between this and the far-field pressure measurement. If the internal measurement is close to a dominant noise source, the technique will identify this sources' contribution to the overall far-field energy. Modal decomposition is an advanced technique which can provide detailed information as to the modal content of sound propagating in ducts. When applied to aero-engines, the technique can be used as a diagnostic to determine which of the many rotor-stator stages contribute most to the overall radiated sound power. The method developed in this paper discusses how the two techniques can be combined to locate the plane at which a mode is generated within an aeroengine. A proof of concept of the technique is successfully demonstrated with the use of simulated data.
  •  
16.
  • Bijl, Wouter, et al. (författare)
  • Butterfly dichromatism primarily evolved via Darwin's, not Wallace's, model
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Evolution letters. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2056-3744. ; 4:6, s. 545-555
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sexual dimorphism is typically thought to result from sexual selection for elaborated male traits, as proposed by Darwin. However, natural selection could reduce expression of elaborated traits in females, as proposed by Wallace. Darwin and Wallace debated the origins of dichromatism in birds and butterflies, and although evidence in birds is roughly equal, if not in favor of Wallace's model, butterflies lack a similar scale of study. Here, we present a large‐scale comparative phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of butterfly coloration, using all European non‐hesperiid butterfly species (n = 369). We modeled evolutionary changes in coloration for each species and sex along their phylogeny, thereby estimating the rate and direction of evolution in three‐dimensional color space using a novel implementation of phylogenetic ridge regression. We show that male coloration evolved faster than female coloration, especially in strongly dichromatic clades, with male contribution to changes in dichromatism roughly twice that of females. These patterns are consistent with a classic Darwinian model of dichromatism via sexual selection on male coloration, suggesting this model was the dominant driver of dichromatism in European butterflies.
  •  
17.
  • Boussard, Annika, et al. (författare)
  • Relative telencephalon size does not affect collective motion in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press. - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 35:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Collective motion is common across all animal taxa, from swarming insects to schools of fish. The collective motion requires intricate behavioral integration among individuals, yet little is known about how evolutionary changes in brain morphology influence the ability for individuals to coordinate behavior in groups. In this study, we utilized guppies that were selectively bred for relative telencephalon size, an aspect of brain morphology that is normally associated with advanced cognitive functions, to examine its role in collective motion using an open-field assay. We analyzed high-resolution tracking data of same-sex shoals consisting of 8 individuals to assess different aspects of collective motion, such as alignment, attraction to nearby shoal members, and swimming speed. Our findings indicate that variation in collective motion in guppy shoals might not be strongly affected by variation in relative telencephalon size. Our study suggests that group dynamics in collectively moving animals are likely not driven by advanced cognitive functions but rather by fundamental cognitive processes stemming from relatively simple rules among neighboring individuals. Collective motion occurs when animals coordinate their movement in schools, flocks, or herds. Using an experimental approach, we show that the size of the cognitive center in the vertebrate brain, the telencephalon, does not influence the ability to coordinate movement in single-sex guppy shoals artificially selected to have large or small telencephalon size. Advanced cognitive functions are likely not used during coordination of movements in guppy shoals.
  •  
18.
  • Charlesworth, Jonathon, et al. (författare)
  • Osteoarthritis- a systematic review of long-term safety implications for osteoarthritis of the knee
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BMC. - 1471-2474. ; 20
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: There is no cure for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and typically patients live approximately 30-years with the disease. Most common medical treatments result in short-term palliation of symptoms with little consideration of long-term risk. This systematic review aims to appraise the current evidence for the long-term (amp;gt;= 12 months) safety of common treatments for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Medline and PubMed were systematically searched from 1990 to July 2017, inclusive. Inclusion criteria were 1) peer-reviewed publications investigating treatments for KOA referred to in the Australian Clinical Care Standard and/or Therapeutic Guidelines: Rheumatology 2) specifically addressing safety of the treatments 3) with amp;gt;= 12 months of follow-up and 4) Downs and Black quality score amp;gt;= 13. Results: Thirty-four studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Lifestyle modifications (moderate exercise and weight loss), paracetamol, glucosamine, Intraarticular Hyaluronic Acid (IAHA) and platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) injections have a low risk of harm and beneficial amp;gt;= 12 month outcomes. Although Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) provide pain relief, they are associated with increased risk of medical complications. Cortisone injections are associated with radiological cartilage degeneration at amp;gt; 12 months. Arthroscopy for degenerative meniscal tears in KOA leads to a 3-fold increase in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). TKA improves primary outcomes of KOA but has a low rate of significant medical complications. Conclusions: Given the safety and effectiveness of lifestyle interventions such as weight loss and exercise, these should be advocated in all patients due to the low risk of harm. The use of NSAIDs should be minimized to avoid gastrointestinal complications. Treatment with opioids has a lack of evidence for use and a high risk of long-term harm. The use of IAHA and PRP may provide additional symptomatic benefit without the risk of harm. TKA is associated with significant medical complications but is justified by the efficacy of joint replacement in late-stage disease.
  •  
19.
  • Chirambo, Griphin Baxter, et al. (författare)
  • Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Community Case Management on the Urgent Referral, Reconsultation, and Hospitalization of Children Aged Under 5 Years in Malawi : Cluster-Randomized, Stepped-Wedge Trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 23:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Integrated community case management (CCM) has led to reductions in child mortality in Malawi resulting from illnesses such as malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea. However, adherence to CCM guidelines is often poor, potentially leading to inappropriate clinical decisions and poor outcomes. We determined the impact of an e-CCM app on the referral, reconsultation, and hospitalization rates of children presenting to village clinics in Malawi.OBJECTIVE: We determined the impact of an electronic version of a smartphone-based CCM (e-CCM) app on the referral, reconsultation, and hospitalization rates of children presenting to village clinics in Malawi.METHODS: We used a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial to compare paper-based CCM (control) with and without the use of an e-CCM app on smartphones from November 2016 to February 2017. A total of 102 village clinics from 2 districts in northern Malawi were assigned to 1 of 6 clusters, which were randomized on the sequencing of the crossover from the control phase to the intervention phase as well as the duration of exposure in each phase. Children aged ≥2 months to <5 years who presented with acute illness were enrolled consecutively by health surveillance assistants. The primary outcome of urgent referrals to higher-level facilities was evaluated by using multilevel mixed effects models. A logistic regression model with the random effects of the cluster and the fixed effects for each step was fitted. The adjustment for potential confounders included baseline factors, such as patient age, sex, and the geographical location of the village clinics. Calendar time was adjusted for in the analysis.RESULTS: A total of 6965 children were recruited-49.11% (3421/6965) in the control phase and 50.88% (3544/6965) in the intervention phase. After adjusting for calendar time, children in the intervention phase were more likely to be urgently referred to a higher-level health facility than children in the control phase (odds ratio [OR] 2.02, 95% CI 1.27-3.23; P=.003). Overall, children in the intervention arm had lower odds of attending a repeat health surveillance assistant consultation (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34-0.59; P<.001) or being admitted to a hospital (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.90; P=.002), but after adjusting for time, these differences were not significant (P=.07 for consultation; P=.30 for hospital admission).CONCLUSIONS: The addition of e-CCM decision support by using smartphones led to a greater proportion of children being referred to higher-level facilities, with no apparent increase in hospital admissions or repeat consultations in village clinics. Our findings provide support for the implementation of e-CCM tools in Malawi and other low- and middle-income countries with a need for ongoing assessments of effectiveness and integration with national digital health strategies.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02763345; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02763345.
  •  
20.
  • de Boer, Raissa A., et al. (författare)
  • Meta-analytic evidence that animals rarely avoid inbreeding
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; :5, s. 949-964
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Animals are usually expected to avoid mating with relatives (kin avoidance) as incestuous mating can lead to the expression of inbreeding depression. Yet, theoretical models predict that unbiased mating with regards to kinship should be common, and that under some conditions, the inclusive fitness benefits associated with inbreeding can even lead to a preference for mating with kin. This mismatch between empirical and theoretical expectations generates uncertainty as to the prevalence of inbreeding avoidance in animals. Here, we synthesized 677 effect sizes from 139 experimental studies of mate choice for kin versus non-kin in diploid animals, representing 40 years of research, using a meta-analytical approach. Our meta-analysis revealed little support for the widely held view that animals avoid mating with kin, despite clear evidence of publication bias. Instead, unbiased mating with regards to kinship appears widespread across animals and experimental conditions. The significance of a variety of moderators was explored using meta-regressions, revealing that the degree of relatedness and prior experience with kin explained some variation in the effect sizes. Yet, we found no difference in kin avoidance between males and females, choice and no-choice experiments, mated and virgin animals or between humans and animals. Our findings highlight the need to rethink the widely held view that inbreeding avoidance is a given in experimental studies.
  •  
21.
  • Debruyne, Frans (författare)
  • Innovators in urology : Introduction
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1365-7852 .- 1476-5608. ; 6:Suppl 1, s. 1-1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
  •  
22.
  • Devigili, Alessandro, et al. (författare)
  • Behavioral Variation in the Pygmy Halfbeak Dermogenys collettei : Comparing Shoals With Contrasting Ecologies
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Variation in biotic and abiotic factors among populations affects individual behaviors by transforming the social landscape and shaping mating systems. Consequently, describing behaviors in natural populations requires consideration of the biological and physical factors that different individuals face. Here, we examined variation in socio-sexual and locomotor behaviors in a small, livebearing, freshwater fish, the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys collettei, across natural populations in Singapore. The pygmy halfbeak is a surface feeding fish that spends most of the time near the water surface, making it ideal for non-invasive behavioral observations. We compared behaviors between sexes among 26 shoals while simultaneously accounting for environmental variation. We demonstrated that sexual interactions and locomotor behaviors differed among shoals with varying levels of canopy cover and water flow. Specifically, in areas with greater canopy cover, sexual interactions decreased, whereas time spent in a stationary position increased. Sexual interactions were more numerous in still water, where fish spent less time swimming. Variation in the expression of socio-sexual and locomotor behaviors were not associated with differences in the amount of aquatic vegetation, water depth or halfbeak shoal size. Agonistic interactions were robust to environmental effects, showing little variation among environments. However, there were strong sex effects, with males performing more agonistic behaviors and spending less time in a stationary position compared to females, regardless of the environment. Moreover, sexual interactions, measured as actively performed by males and passively received by females, were on average more frequent in males than in females. Our findings help us explore the proximal causes of intraspecific behavioral variation and suggest that fundamental information on socio-sexual behaviors from wild populations can lead to a better understanding of how sexual selection operates when the strength of natural selection varies across environments.
  •  
23.
  • Devigili, Alessandro, et al. (författare)
  • Possible glimpses into early speciation : the effect of ovarian fluid on sperm velocity accords with post-copulatory isolation between two guppy populations
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : Wiley. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 31:1, s. 66-74
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Identifying mechanisms of reproductive isolation is key to understanding speciation. Among the putative mechanisms underlying reproductive isolation, sperm-female interactions (post-mating-prezygotic barriers) are arguably the hardest to identify, not least because these are likely to operate at the cellular or molecular level. Yet sperm-female interactions offer great potential to prevent the transfer of genetic information between different populations at the initial stages of speciation. Here, we provide a preliminary test for the presence of a putative post-mating-prezygotic barrier operating between three populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), an internally fertilizing fish that inhabits streams with different levels of connectivity across Trinidad. We experimentally evaluate the effect of female ovarian fluid on sperm velocity (a predictor of competitive fertilization success) according to whether males and females were from the same (native) or different (foreign) populations. Our results reveal the potential for ovarian fluid to act as a post-mating-prezygotic barrier between two populations from different drainages, but also that the strength of this barrier is different among populations. This result may explain the previous finding that, in some populations, sperm from native males have precedence over foreign sperm, which could eventually lead to reproductive isolation between these populations.
  •  
24.
  • Devigili, Alessandro, et al. (författare)
  • Predation shapes sperm performance surfaces in guppies
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 286:1905
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sperm velocity is a key determinant of competitive fertilization success in many species. Selection is therefore expected to favour the evolution of faster sperm when the level of sperm competition is high. However, several aspects can determine the direction and strength of selection acting on this key performance trait, including ecological factors that influence both sperm competition and the strength of selection acting on correlated traits that may constrain evolutionary responses in sperm velocity. Here, we determine how a key ecological variable, the level of predation, shapes sperm swimming speed across 18 Trinidadian populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We use performance analysis, a statistical tool akin to the familiar methods of multivariate selection analyses, to determine how the level of predation influences sperm velocity (modelled as a performance trait) when accounting for correlated pre- and postcopulatory traits that are also impacted by predation. We show that predation affects the combination of pre- and postcopulatory traits that ultimately predict sperm performance. Overall, we report evidence for disruptive relationships between sperm performance and combinations of ornaments and sperm morphology, but the specific combinations of traits that predict sperm velocity depended on the level of predation. These analyses underscore the complex nonlinear interrelationships among pre- and postcopulatory traits and the importance of considering ecological factors that may ultimately change the way in which multiple traits interact to determine a trait's performance value. As such, our results are likely to be broadly applicable across systems where selection is influenced by ecological conditions.
  •  
25.
  • Dey, Cody J., et al. (författare)
  • Direct benefits and evolutionary transitions to complex societies
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Nature Ecology and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 1:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The selective forces that drive the evolution of cooperation have been intensely debated. Evolutionary transitions to cooperative breeding, a complex form of cooperation, have been hypothesized to be linked to low degrees of promiscuity, which increases intragroup relatedness and the indirect (that is, kin selected) benefits of helping. However, ecological factors also promote cooperative breeding, and may be more important than relatedness in some contexts. Identifying the key evolutionary drivers of cooperative breeding therefore requires an integrated assessment of these hypotheses. Here we show, using a phylogenetic framework that explicitly evaluates mating behaviours and ecological factors, that evolutionary transitions to cooperative breeding in cichlid fishes were not associated with social monogamy. Instead, group living, biparental care and diet type directly favoured the evolution of cooperative breeding. Our results suggest that cichlid fishes exhibit an alternative path to the evolution of complex societies compared to other previously studied vertebrates, and these transitions are driven primarily by direct fitness benefits.
  •  
26.
  • Erdelyi, Mate, 1975- (författare)
  • Pterocarpans and isoflavones from the root bark of Millettia micans and of Millettia dura
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Phytochemistry Letters. - 1874-3900 .- 1876-7486. ; 21, s. 216-220-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • From the CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1) extract of the root bark of Millettia micans, a new pterocarpan, (6aR,11aR)-3-hydroxy-7,8,9-trimethoxypterocarpan (1), named micanspterocarpan, was isolated. Similar investigation of the CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1) extract of the root bark of Millettia dura gave a further new pterocarpan, (6aR,11aR)-8,9-methylenedioxy-3-prenyloxypterocarpan (2), named 3-O-prenylmaackiain, along with six known isoflavones (3-8) and a chalcone (9). All purified compounds were identified by NMR and MS, whereas the absolute configurations of the new pterocarpans were established by chriptical data analyses including quantum chemical ECD calculation. Among the isolated constituents, calopogonium isoflavone B (3) and isoerythrin A-4′-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) ether (4) showed marginal activities against the 3D7 and the Dd2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum (70–90% inhibition at 40 μM). Maximaisoflavone B (5) and 7,2′-dimethoxy-4′,5′-methylenedioxyisoflavone (7) were weakly cytotoxic (IC50 153.5 and 174.1 μM, respectively) against the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. None of the tested compounds showed in-vitro translation inhibitory activity or toxicity against the HEK-293 human embryonic kidney cell line at 40 μM.
  •  
27.
  • Ewers, Michael, et al. (författare)
  • Body mass index is associated with biological CSF markers of core brain pathology of Alzheimer's disease
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-1497 .- 0197-4580. ; 33:8, s. 1599-1608
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Weight changes are common in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and postmortem findings suggest a relation between lower body mass index (BMI) and increased AD brain pathology. In the current multicenter study, we tested whether lower BMI is associated with higher core AD brain pathology as assessed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-based biological markers of AD in 751 living subjects: 308 patients with AD, 296 subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 147 elderly healthy controls (HC). Based upon a priori cutoff values on CSF concentration of total tau and beta-amyloid (A beta(1-42)), subjects were binarized into a group with abnormal CSF biomarker signature (CSF+) and those without (CSF-). Results showed that BMI was significantly lower in the CSF+ when compared with the CSF- group (F = 27.7, df = 746, p < 0.001). There was no interaction between CSF signature and diagnosis or apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype. In conclusion, lower BMI is indicative of AD pathology as assessed with CSF-based biomarkers in demented and nondemented elderly subjects. Published by Elsevier Inc.
  •  
28.
  • Fenkes, Miriam, et al. (författare)
  • Acclimation temperature changes spermatozoa flagella length relative to head size in brown trout
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Biology Open. - : The Company of Biologists. - 2046-6390. ; 8:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Temperature is a ubiquitous environmental factor affecting physiological processes of ectotherms. Due to the effects of climate change on global air and water temperatures, predicting the impacts of changes in environmental thermal conditions on ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. This is especially crucial for migratory fish, such as the ecologically and economically vital salmonids, because their complex life histories make them particularly vulnerable. Here, we addressed the question whether temperature affects the morphology of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. spermatozoa. The fertilising ability of spermatozoa is commonly attributed to their morphological dimensions, thus implying direct impacts on the reproductive success of the male producing the cells. We show that absolute lengths of spermatozoa are not affected by temperature, but spermatozoa from warm acclimated S. trutta males have longer flagella relative to their head size compared to their cold acclimated counterparts. This did not directly affect sperm swimming speed, although spermatozoa from warm acclimated males may have experienced a hydrodynamic advantage at warmer temperatures, as suggested by our calculations of drag based on head size and sperm swimming speed. The results presented here highlight the importance of increasing our knowledge of the effects of temperature on all aspects of salmonid reproduction in order to secure their continued abundance.
  •  
29.
  • Fenkes, Miriam, et al. (författare)
  • Sperm in hot water : direct and indirect thermal challenges interact to impact on brown trout sperm quality
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0022-0949 .- 1477-9145. ; 220:14, s. 2513-2520
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Climate change alters the thermal habitat of aquatic species on a global scale, generating novel environmental challenges during all life stages, including reproduction. Changes in water temperature profoundly influence the performance of ectothermic aquatic organisms. This is an especially crucial issue for migratory fish, because they traverse multiple environments in order to reproduce. In externally fertilizing migratory fish, gametes are affected by water temperature indirectly, within the reproductive organ in which they are produced during migration, as well as directly, upon release into the surrounding medium at the spawning grounds. Both direct (after release) and indirect (during production) thermal impacts on gamete quality have been investigated, but never in conjunction. Here, we assessed the cumulative influence of temperature on brown trout, Salmo trutta, sperm quality during sperm production (male acclimation temperature) as well as upon release (sperm activation water temperature) on two consecutive dates during the brown trout spawning season. Early in the season, warm acclimation of males reduced their fertilization probability (lower sperm velocity) when compared with cold-acclimated males, especially when the activation water temperature was also increased beyond the thermal optimum (resulting in a lower proportion of motile sperm with lower velocity). Later in the season, sperm quality was unaffected by acclimation temperature and thermal sensitivity of sperm was reduced. These results give novel insights into the complex impacts of climate change on fish sperm, with implications for the reproduction and management of hatchery and wild trout populations in future climate scenarios.
  •  
30.
  • Fernlund Isaksson, Erika, et al. (författare)
  • Examining the potential for resource-dependent female reproductive fluid-sperm interactive effects in a livebearing fish
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : Wiley. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 36:4, s. 709-719
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sexually selected traits can be costly to produce and maintain. The amount of resources available to an individual is therefore expected to influence investment in costly sexual traits. While resource-dependent expression of sexually selected traits has traditionally been examined in males, resource limitation can also influence how sexual selection operates in females. Female reproductive fluids are thought to be costly to produce and may play an important role in shaping the outcome of postcopulatory sexual selection by influencing sperm performance. However, we know surprisingly little about whether and how female reproductive fluids are influenced by resource limitation. Here, we examine if resource restriction influences female reproductive fluid-sperm interactive effects in the pygmy halfbeak (Dermogenys collettei), a small internally fertilizing freshwater fish where females store sperm. After experimentally altering female diets (high vs. restricted diets), we compared how female reproductive fluids influence two key metrics of sperm quality: sperm viability and velocity. While female reproductive fluids enhanced sperm viability and velocity, we found no evidence that female diet influenced the interactive effect between female reproductive fluids and sperm viability or velocity. Our findings build on the growing evidence that female reproductive fluids influence sperm performance and call for further attention to be devoted to understanding how resource quantity and quality influence how female reproductive fluids affect sperm performance. 
  •  
31.
  • Fernlund Isaksson, Erika, et al. (författare)
  • Resource-dependent female ornaments influence male mate choice in a livebearing fish
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Sexual ornaments used during mate choice can be costly to produce and maintain. The expression of such costly sexual traits is expected be dependent on the acquisition and allocation of resources, such as food, and therefore offer an honest signal of individual quality during mate choice. While cost of male ornaments, and how these ornaments impact female choice, is well studied, far less attention is directed towards resource-dependent expression of female ornaments and their role in shaping male mate choice decisions. Here, we examine how experimental resource restriction influences the expression of female sexual ornaments in the pygmy halfbeak (Dermogenys collettei). Specifically, we focus examine how dietary restriction influences the size and coloration of the female’s gravid spot, an orange ornament that is expressed on females’ abdomen that is used by males during mate choice. We find that the gravid spot reduced in size in females maintained on a restricted quantity diet, while it was maintained in females fed a high quantity diet. Females in the restricted diet treatment also had reduced red and green reflectance of the gravid spot. We then investigated if this resource-dependent expression a female sexual ornament influences male mate choice. As predicted, male halfbeaks show a preference for females with larger sexual ornaments. This suggests that resource quantity can explain variation in female ornament expression in halfbeaks and that female ornaments are costly. Moreover, female ornaments can serve as honest signals of quality and be used by males during mate choice, opening the door to indirect benefits of male mate choice. 
  •  
32.
  • Fernlund Isaksson, Erika, et al. (författare)
  • Resource-dependent investment in male sexual traits in a viviparous fish
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 33:5, s. 954-966
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Exaggerated and conspicuous sexually selected traits are often costly to produce and maintain. Costly traits are expected to show resource-dependent expression, since limited resources prevent animals from investing maximally in multiple traits simultaneously. However, there may be critical periods during an individual’s life where the expression of traits is altered if resources are limited. Moreover, costly sexual traits may arise from sexual selection acting both before (pre-copulatory) and after mating (post-copulatory). Gaining a robust understanding of resource-dependent trait expression therefore requires an approach that examines both episodes of sexual selection after resource limitation during different times in an individual’s life. Yet few studies have taken such an approach. Here, we examine how resource restriction influences a set of pre- and post-copulatory traits in male pygmy halfbeaks (Dermogenys collettei), which invest in sexual ornaments and routinely engage in male–male contests and sperm competition. Critically, we examined responses in males when resources were restricted during development and after reaching sexual maturity. Both pre- and post-copulatory traits are resource-dependent in male halfbeaks. Body size, beak size, courtship behavior, and testes size were reduced by diet restriction, while, unexpectedly, the restricted-diet group had a larger area of red color on the beak and fins after diet treatment. These patterns were generally consistent when resources were restricted during development and after reaching sexual maturity. The study reinforces the role of resource acquisition in maintaining variation among sexual traits. 
  •  
33.
  • Fernlund Isaksson, Erika, 1993- (författare)
  • Resources, the environment, and sex : Examining variation in sexually selected traits in a livebearing fish
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Striking variation is observed in sexually selected traits. These traits influence the outcome of competition and choice before and after mating. Before mating, animals compete for the access to mating partners and choose who to mate with between several potential mates. After mating, sperm from several males can compete for the fertilization of the same eggs, and there can be cryptic choice, since the female may be able to influence which sperm gets to fertilize her eggs. Animals are expected to invest in traits that increase their success in competition and choice. However, external and internal factors shape which sexually selected traits are most beneficial and can cause animals to trade investment in some traits over others. Environmental conditions and availability of resources can influence how animals balance their time and energy to different traits, and males and females can respond to these factors in different ways. However, understanding these complex selective pressures remain challenging. In this thesis, I combine field and experimental studies to examine how environmental conditions and resource availability influence how males and females invest in sexually selected traits. The thesis uses the pygmy halfbeak (Dermogenys collettei) as a study system, a small livebearing fish which exhibit a range of sexually selected traits in both males and females. Using observations of natural populations of halfbeaks in Singapore, I found that male and female halfbeaks show considerable behavioral variation in varying degree of canopy cover and water flow (Paper I). Next, I experimentally manipulated resource quantity in a series of laboratory studies to examine resource-dependence in sexual traits in male and female halfbeaks. In males, the expression of some, but not all, pre- and postcopulatory sexually selected traits were reduced following resource restriction. These patterns were surprisingly consistent between when the resource restriction was applied on adults and throughout development (Paper II). In females, the size and color reflectance of an ornamental trait (orange belly spot) was resource dependent, and males preferred females with larger belly spots (Paper III).  Lastly, I examined if female reproductive fluids are resource-dependent in their effect on sperm, as female reproductive fluids may be a key mechanism for cryptic female choice. While female reproductive fluid increased sperm swimming speed and viability, there was no evidence that female reproductive fluid effects on sperm are resource-dependent (Paper IV). The results of this thesis highlight how environmental conditions and variation in resources can influence how males and females invest in different traits and emphasize the need to study both males and females in a sexual selection framework. 
  •  
34.
  • Fitzpatrick, John L., et al. (författare)
  • Chemical signals from eggs facilitate cryptic female choice in humans
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 287:1928
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mate choice can continue after mating via chemical communication between the female reproductive system and sperm. While there is a growing appreciation that females can bias sperm use and paternity by exerting cryptic female choice for preferred males, we know surprisingly little about the mechanisms underlying these post-mating choices. In particular, whether chemical signals released from eggs (chemoattractants) allow females to exert cryptic female choice to favour sperm from specific males remains an open question, particularly in species (including humans) where adults exercise pre-mating mate choice. Here, we adapt a classic dichotomous mate choice assay to the microscopic scale to assess gamete-mediated mate choice in humans. We examined how sperm respond to follicular fluid, a source of human sperm chemoattractants, from either their partner or a non-partner female when experiencing a simultaneous or non-simultaneous choice between follicular fluids. We report robust evidence under these two distinct experimental conditions that follicular fluid from different females consistently and differentially attracts sperm from specific males. This chemoattractant-moderated choice of sperm offers eggs an avenue to exercise independent mate preference. Indeed, gamete-mediated mate choice did not reinforce pre-mating human mate choice decisions. Our results demonstrate that chemoattractants facilitate gamete-mediated mate choice in humans, which offers females the opportunity to exert cryptic female choice for sperm from specific males.
  •  
35.
  • Fitzpatrick, John L., et al. (författare)
  • Female promiscuity promotes the evolution of faster sperm in cichlid fishes
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 106:4, s. 1128-1132
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sperm competition, the contest among ejaculates from rival males to fertilize ova of a female, is a common and powerful evolutionary force influencing ejaculate traits. During competitive interactions between ejaculates, longer and faster spermatozoa are expected to have an edge; however, to date, there has been mixed support for this key prediction from sperm competition theory. Here, we use the spectacular radiation of cichlid fishes from Lake Tanganyika to examine sperm characteristics in 29 closely related species. We provide phylogenetically robust evidence that species experiencing greater levels of sperm competition have faster-swimming sperm. We also show that sperm competition selects for increases in the number, size, and longevity of spermatozoa in the ejaculate of a male, and, contrary to expectations from theory, we find no evidence of trade-offs among sperm traits in an interspecific analysis. Also, sperm swimming speed is positively correlated with sperm length among, but not within, species. These different responses to sperm competition at intra-and interspecific levels provide a simple, powerful explanation for equivocal results from previous studies. Using phylogenetic analyses, we also reconstructed the probable evolutionary route of trait evolution in this taxon, and show that, in response to increases in the magnitude of sperm competition, the evolution of sperm traits in this clade began with the evolution of faster (thus, more competitive) sperm.
  •  
36.
  •  
37.
  • Fitzpatrick, John L, et al. (författare)
  • Polyandry reduces sperm length variation in social insects.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Evolution. - : Wiley. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 65:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Postcopulatory sexual selection, either in the form of sperm competition or cryptic female choice, is an important selective force that is thought to have generated the enormous variation in sperm morphology observed interspecifically. However, the evolutionary significance of intraspecific variation in sperm morphology, and the role that postcopulatory sexual selection plays in influencing this variation, remains poorly investigated in invertebrates. Here, we tested the hypothesis that postcopulatory sexual selection reduces variation in sperm morphology, both between and within males, in 27 species of eusocial ants and bees. These eusocial species offer an unusual opportunity to assess how selection acts on variance in sperm morphology, as haploid males produce clonal, haploid sperm that does not experience haploid-diploid conflict. We provide solid evidence that males of polyandrous ant and bee species indeed produce less-variable sperm, indicating that sperm competition selected for sperm of superior quality. Our results offer a mechanistic explanation for the evolution of high-quality sperm and provide comprehensive evidence that sperm morphology of social insects is influenced by sexual selection.
  •  
38.
  • Fitzpatrick, John L., et al. (författare)
  • Repeated evidence that the accelerated evolution of sperm is associated with their fertilization function
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 287:1932
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Spermatozoa are the most morphologically diverse cell type, leading to the widespread assumption that they evolve rapidly. However, there is no direct evidence that sperm evolve faster than other male traits. Such a test requires comparing male traits that operate in the same selective environment, ideally produced from the same tissue, yet vary in function. Here, we examine rates of phenotypic evolution in sperm morphology using two insect groups where males produce fertile and non-fertile sperm types (Drosophila species from the obscura group and a subset of Lepidoptera species), where these constraints are solved. Moreover, in Drosophila we test the relationship between rates of sperm evolution and the link with the putative selective pressures of fertilization function and postcopulatory sexual selection exerted by female reproductive organs. We find repeated evolutionary patterns across these insect groups-lengths of fertile sperm evolve faster than non-fertile sperm. In Drosophila, fertile sperm length evolved faster than body size, but at the same rate as female reproductive organ length. We also compare rates of evolution of different sperm components, showing that head length evolves faster in fertile sperm while flagellum length evolves faster in non-fertile sperm. Our study provides direct evidence that sperm length evolves more rapidly in fertile sperm, probably because of their functional role in securing male fertility and in response to selection imposed by female reproductive organs.
  •  
39.
  • Fitzpatrick, John L. (författare)
  • Sperm competition and fertilization mode in fishes
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 375:1813
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sperm competition is a powerful selective force that has shaped sexual traits throughout animal evolution. Yet, how fertilization mode (i.e. external versus internal fertilization) influences the scope and potential for sperm competition to act on ejaculates remains unclear. Here, I examine how fertilization mode shapes ejaculatory responses to sperm competition in fishes, a diverse group that constitute the majority of vertebrate biological diversity. Fishes are an ideal group for this examination because they exhibit a wide range of reproductive behaviours and an unparalleled number of transitions in fertilization mode compared to any other vertebrate group. Drawing on data from cartilaginous and bony fishes, I first show that rates of multiple paternity are higher in internally than externally fertilizing fishes, contrary to the prevailing expectation. I then summarize how sperm competition acts on sperm number and quality in internally and externally fertilizing fishes, highlighting where theoretical predictions differ between these groups. Differences in how ejaculates respond to sperm competition between fertilization modes are most apparent when considering sperm size and swimming performance. Clarifying how fertilization mode influences evolutionary responses in ejaculates will inform our understanding of ejaculate evolution across the animal tree of life. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of sperm competition'.
  •  
40.
  • Fitzpatrick, John, et al. (författare)
  • SpermTree, a species-level database of sperm morphology spanning the animal tree of life
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 9:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sperm are the most morphologically variable cell type known, despite performing the same functional role of fertilizing eggs across all sexually reproducing species. Sperm morphology commonly varies among individuals, populations, closely related species, and across animal phyla. Sperm morphology has long been used as a tool for placing species in a phylogenetic context and a range of selective forces are hypothesized to influence sperm evolution and diversification. However, we currently lack robust examinations of macroevolutionary (i.e. across phyla) patterns of sperm evolution, due largely to the challenges of comparing sperm morphological data across the animal tree of life. Here we describe the SpermTree database, which currently represents 5,675 morphological descriptions of sperm morphology from 4,705 unique species from 27 animal phyla. This dataset includes measurements of sperm head, midpiece, flagellum and total length, the latter of which spans four orders of magnitude. All entries in the dataset are matched to currently accepted scientific names in taxonomic databases, facilitating the use of these data in analyses examining sperm evolution in animals.
  •  
41.
  • Fox, Graeme, et al. (författare)
  • Bespoke markers for ex-situ conservation : application, analysis and challenges in the assessment of a population of endangered undulate rays
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research. - 2214-7594. ; 6:2, s. 50-56
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genetic data are important and informative in the management of ex-situ populations. Where the risk of inbreeding is particularly great, it is critical that tools are employed that allow for the quantification of genetic variation and to identify potential breeding pairs. This study demonstrates the rapid application of laboratory and bioinformatics techniques to develop a novel microsatellite marker panel for use with a population of the endangered undulate ray (Raja undulata) and shows how a minimally invasive sampling method can be used with aquarium-dwelling individuals. The study assesses the population and investigates how informative a small microsatellite marker panel is to the conservation of a restricted ex-situ group. It was found that after a single captive generation of R. undulata there is no detectable evidence of reduced heterozygosity and no observable aquaria effects or differences between the generations. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that it is practical, quick and informative to develop a bespoke panel of markers to aid ex-situ conservation efforts of non-model species and make recommendations that these processes should constitute the minimum effort required in managing such a population.
  •  
42.
  • Gonzalez-Voyer, Alejandro, et al. (författare)
  • Sexual selection determines parental care patterns in cichlid fishes
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Evolution. - : Wiley. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 62:8, s. 2015-2026
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite a massive research effort, our understanding of why, in most vertebrates, males compete for mates and females care for offspring remains incomplete. Two alternative hypotheses have been proposed to explain the direction of causality between parental care and sexual selection. Traditionally, sexual selection has been explained as a consequence of relative parental investment, where the sex investing less will compete for the sex investing more. However, a more recent model suggests that parental care patterns result from sexual selection acting on one sex favoring mating competition and lower parental investment. Using species-level comparative analyses on Tanganyikan cichlid fishes we tested these alternative hypotheses employing a proxy of sexual selection based on mating system, sexual dichromatism, and dimorphism data. First, while controlling for female reproductive investment, we found that species with intense sexual selection were associated with female-only care whereas species with moderate sexual selection were associated with biparental care. Second, using contingency analyses, we found that, contrary to the traditional view, evolutionary changes in parental care type are dependent on the intensity of sexual selection. Hence, our results support the hypothesis that sexual selection determines parental care patterns in Tanganyikan cichlid fishes.
  •  
43.
  • Grueber, Catherine E., et al. (författare)
  • Population demography and heterozygosity-fitness correlations in natural guppy populations : An examination using sexually selected fitness traits
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 26:18, s. 4631-4643
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heterozygosity-fitness correlations (HFCs) have been examined in a wide diversity of contexts, and the results are often used to infer the role of inbreeding in natural populations. Although population demography, reflected in population-level genetic parameters such as allelic diversity or identity disequilibrium, is expected to play a role in the emergence and detectability of HFCs, direct comparisons of variation in HFCs across many populations of the same species, with different genetic histories, are rare. Here, we examined the relationship between individual microsatellite heterozygosity and a range of sexually selected traits in 660 male guppies from 22 natural populations in Trinidad. Similar to previous studies, observed HFCs were weak overall. However, variation in HFCs among populations was high for some traits (although these variances were not statistically different from zero). Population-level genetic parameters, specifically genetic diversity levels (number of alleles, observed/expected heterozygosity) and measures of identity disequilibrium (g2 and heterozygosity-heterozygosity correlations), were not associated with variation in population-level HFCs. This latter result indicates that these metrics do not necessarily provide a reliable predictor of HFC effect sizes across populations. Importantly, diversity and identity disequilibrium statistics were not correlated, providing empirical evidence that these metrics capture different essential characteristics of populations. A complex genetic architecture likely underpins multiple fitness traits, including those associated with male fitness, which may have reduced our ability to detect HFCs in guppy populations. Further advances in this field would benefit from additional research to determine the demographic contexts in which HFCs are most likely to occur.
  •  
44.
  • Hansen Wheat, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Behavioural correlations of the domestication syndrome are decoupled in modern dog breeds
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Domestication is hypothesized to drive correlated responses in animal morphology, physiology and behaviour, a phenomenon known as the domestication syndrome. However, we currently lack quantitative confirmation that suites of behaviours are correlated during domestication. Here we evaluate the strength and direction of behavioural correlations among key prosocial (sociability, playfulness) and reactive (fearfulness, aggression) behaviours implicated in the domestication syndrome in 76,158 dogs representing 78 registered breeds. Consistent with the domestication syndrome hypothesis, behavioural correlations within prosocial and reactive categories demonstrated the expected direction-specificity across dogs. However, correlational strength varied between dog breeds representing early (ancient) and late (modern) stages of domestication, with ancient breeds exhibiting exaggerated correlations compared to modern breeds across prosocial and reactive behaviours. Our results suggest that suites of correlated behaviours have been temporally decoupled during dog domestication and that recent shifts in selection pressures in modern dog breeds affect the expression of domestication-related behaviours independently.
  •  
45.
  • Hardy, Victoria, et al. (författare)
  • The added value of a mobile application of Community Case Management on referral, re-consultation and hospitalization rates of children aged under 5 years in two districts in Northern Malawi : study protocol for a pragmatic, stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Trials. - : BioMed Central. - 1745-6215. ; 18:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: There is evidence to suggest that frontline community health workers in Malawi are under-referring children to higher-level facilities. Integrating a digitized version of paper-based methods of Community Case Management (CCM) could strengthen delivery, increasing urgent referral rates and preventing unnecessary re-consultations and hospital admissions. This trial aims to evaluate the added value of the Supporting LIFE electronic Community Case Management Application (SL eCCM App) compared to paper-based CCM on urgent referral, re-consultation and hospitalization rates, in two districts in Northern Malawi.METHODS/DESIGN: This is a pragmatic, stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial assessing the added value of the SL eCCM App on urgent referral, re-consultation and hospitalization rates of children aged 2 months and older to up to 5 years, within 7 days of the index visit. One hundred and two health surveillance assistants (HSAs) were stratified into six clusters based on geographical location, and clusters randomized to the timing of crossover to the intervention using simple, computer-generated randomization. Training workshops were conducted prior to the control (paper-CCM) and intervention (paper-CCM + SL eCCM App) in assigned clusters. Neither participants nor study personnel were blinded to allocation. Outcome measures were determined by abstraction of clinical data from patient records 2 weeks after recruitment. A nested qualitative study explored perceptions of adherence to urgent referral recommendations and a cost evaluation determined the financial and time-related costs to caregivers of subsequent health care utilization. The trial was conducted between July 2016 and February 2017.DISCUSSION: This is the first large-scale trial evaluating the value of adding a mobile application of CCM to the assessment of children aged under 5 years. The trial will generate evidence on the potential use of mobile health for CCM in Malawi, and more widely in other low- and middle-income countries.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02763345 . Registered on 3 May 2016.
  •  
46.
  • Juntorp, Evelina, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Are behavioral responses to eyespots in sticklebacks influenced by the visual environment? An experimental examination
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 12:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Eyespots are taxonomically widespread color patterns consisting of large concentric rings that are commonly assumed to protect prey by influencing the behaviors of predators. Although there is ample experimental evidence supporting an anti-predator function of eyespots in terrestrial animals, whether eyespots have a similar deterring function in aquatic animals remains unclear. Furthermore, studies in terrestrial systems suggest that the protective function of eyespots depends on ambient light conditions where predators encounter them, but this effect has never been tested in aquatic environments. Here, we examine how eyespots influence behavioral responses in an aquatic environment under different visual environments, using laboratory-reared three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) as model predators. Specifically, we experimentally examined behavioral responses of sticklebacks toward artificial prey patterns (control vs. eyespots) under two different light environment treatments (low vs. high). We found that eyespots did not postpone attacks from sticklebacks. However, sticklebacks approaching eyespots stopped more frequently than sticklebacks approaching prey items with a control pattern. Sticklebacks were (marginally) slower to attack prey in the low-light treatment, but the light level did not influence stickleback behavioral responses toward eyespots. We conclude that eyespots can modulate some behaviors of an aquatic predator, albeit with a different functional role from that previously demonstrated in terrestrial species.
  •  
47.
  • Kahrl, Ariel F., et al. (författare)
  • Fertilization mode differentially impacts the evolution of vertebrate sperm components
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Environmental change frequently drives morphological diversification, including at the cellular level. Transitions in the environment where fertilization occurs (i.e., fertilization mode) are hypothesized to be a driver of the extreme diversity in sperm morphology observed in animals. Yet how fertilization mode impacts the evolution of sperm components—head, midpiece, and flagellum—each with different functional roles that must act as an integrated unit remains unclear. Here, we test this hypothesis by examining the evolution of sperm component lengths across 1103 species of vertebrates varying in fertilization mode (external vs. internal fertilization). Sperm component length is explained in part by fertilization mode across vertebrates, but how fertilization mode influences sperm evolution varies among sperm components and vertebrate clades. We also identify evolutionary responses not influenced by fertilization mode: midpieces evolve rapidly in both external and internal fertilizers. Fertilization mode thus influences vertebrate sperm evolution through complex component- and clade-specific evolutionary responses.
  •  
48.
  • Kahrl, Ariel F., et al. (författare)
  • Fertilization mode drives sperm length evolution across the animal tree of life
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 5:8, s. 1153-1164
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Evolutionary biologists have endeavoured to explain the extraordinary diversity of sperm morphology across animals for more than a century. One hypothesis to explain sperm diversity is that sperm length is shaped by the environment where fertilization takes place (that is, fertilization mode). Evolutionary transitions in fertilization modes may transform how selection acts on sperm length, probably by affecting postcopulatory mechanisms of sperm competition and the scope for cryptic female choice. Here, we address this hypothesis by generating a macro-evolutionary view of how fertilization mode (including external fertilizers, internal fertilizers and spermcasters) influences sperm length diversification among 3,233 species from 21 animal phyla. We show that sperm are shorter in species whose sperm are diluted in aquatic environments (that is, external fertilizers and spermcasters) and longer in species where sperm are directly transferred to females (that is, internal fertilizers). We also show that sperm length evolves faster and with a greater number of adaptive shifts in species where sperm operate within females (for example, spermcasters and internal fertilizers). Our results demonstrate that fertilization mode is a key driver in the evolution of sperm length across animals, and we argue that a complex combination of postcopulatory forces has shaped sperm length diversification throughout animal evolution.
  •  
49.
  • Lawler, Mark, et al. (författare)
  • A Catalyst for Change: The European Cancer Patient's Bill of Rights.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: The Oncologist. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1549-490X .- 1083-7159.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The European Cancer Concord is a unique patient-centered partnership that will act as a catalyst to achieve improved access to an optimal standard of cancer care and research for European citizens. In order to provide tangible benefits for European cancer patients, the partnership proposes the creation of a “European Cancer Patient's Bill of Rights,” a patient charter that will underpin equitable access to an optimal standard of care for Europe's citizens.
  •  
50.
  • Lüpold, Stefan, et al. (författare)
  • How sperm competition shapes the evolution of testes and sperm : a meta-analysis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 375:1813
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Females of many species mate with multiple males, thereby inciting competition among ejaculates from rival males for fertilization. In response to increasing sperm competition, males are predicted to enhance their investment in sperm production. This prediction is so widespread that testes size (correcting for body size) is commonly used as a proxy of sperm competition, even in the absence of any other information about a species' reproductive behaviour. By contrast, a debate about whether sperm competition selects for smaller or larger sperm has persisted for nearly three decades, with empirical studies demonstrating every possible response. Here, we synthesize nearly 40 years of sperm competition research in a meta-analytical framework to determine how the evolution of sperm number (i.e. testes size) and sperm size (i.e. sperm head, midpiece, flagellum and total length) is influenced by varying levels of sperm competition across species. Our findings support the long-held assumption that higher levels of sperm competition are associated with relatively larger testes. We also find clear evidence that sperm competition is associated with increases in all components of sperm length. We discuss these results in the context of different theoretical predictions and general patterns in the breeding biology and selective environment of sperm. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of sperm competition'.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-50 av 81
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (67)
forskningsöversikt (8)
annan publikation (2)
doktorsavhandling (2)
rapport (1)
konferensbidrag (1)
visa fler...
visa färre...
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (73)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (8)
Författare/redaktör
Erdelyi, Mate, 1975 (4)
Ahrné, Lilia (4)
Hansson, Bengt (3)
Fitzpatrick, Paul A. (3)
Yenesew, Abiy (3)
Nilsson, Jan Åke (2)
visa fler...
Fratiglioni, Laura (2)
Dingemanse, Niels J. (2)
Sanak, Marek (2)
Maitland-Van der Zee ... (2)
Boada, Mercè (2)
Landberg, Göran, 196 ... (2)
Gruhonjic, Amra (2)
Tsolaki, Magda (2)
Pasquier, Florence (2)
Powell, John F. (2)
Held, Claes, 1956- (2)
Ingelsson, Martin (2)
Lannfelt, Lars (2)
Melander, Olle (2)
Smith, J Gustav (2)
Bergh, Jonas (2)
Brenner, Hermann (2)
Sattar, Naveed (2)
Deloukas, Panos (2)
Andersson, Bo, Docen ... (2)
Lotufo, Paulo A. (2)
Clarke, Robert (2)
Lambrechts, Diether (2)
James, Stefan, 1964- (2)
Pärt, Tomas (2)
Gustafsson, Lars (2)
Almgren, Peter (2)
Hagström, Emil (2)
Ramirez, Alfredo (2)
Ikram, M. Arfan (2)
Amin, Najaf (2)
van Duijn, Cornelia ... (2)
Paré, Guillaume (2)
Hiltunen, Mikko (2)
Kjellander, Petter (2)
Richards, A. Mark (2)
Ide, Nicole (2)
Rotter, Jerome I. (2)
Soininen, Hilkka (2)
Van Broeckhoven, Chr ... (2)
Wallentin, Lars, 194 ... (2)
Visseren, Frank L. J ... (2)
Van de Werf, Frans (2)
Timmis, Adam (2)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Stockholms universitet (46)
Uppsala universitet (17)
Lunds universitet (13)
Karolinska Institutet (5)
Göteborgs universitet (4)
RISE (4)
visa fler...
Linnéuniversitetet (3)
Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (3)
Umeå universitet (2)
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (1)
Mälardalens universitet (1)
Örebro universitet (1)
Linköpings universitet (1)
Mittuniversitetet (1)
Högskolan Dalarna (1)
Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (81)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Naturvetenskap (56)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (20)
Lantbruksvetenskap (3)
Teknik (1)
Humaniora (1)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy