| 2. |
- Schweiger, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase are the major enzymes in adipose tissue triacylglycerol catabolism
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 281:52, s. 40236-40241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose triacylglycerol (TG) stores requires the activities of triacylglycerol lipases. In this study, we demonstrate that adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) are the major enzymes contributing to TG breakdown in in vitro assays and in organ cultures of murine white adipose tissue (WAT). To differentiate between ATGL- and HSL-specific activities in cytosolic preparations of WAT and to determine the relative contribution of these TG hydrolases to the lipolytic catabolism of fat, mutant mouse models lacking ATGL or HSL and a mono-specific, small molecule inhibitor for HSL (76-0079) were used. We show that 76-0079 had no effect on TG catabolism in HSL-deficient WAT but, in contrast, essentially abolished free fatty acid mobilization in ATGL- deficient fat. CGI-58, a recently identified coactivator of ATGL, stimulates TG hydrolase activity in wild-type and HSL-deficient WAT but not in ATGL- deficient WAT, suggesting that ATGL is the sole target for CGI-58-mediated activation of adipose lipolysis. Together, ATGL and HSL are responsible for more than 95% of the TG hydrolase activity present in murine WAT. Additional known or unknown lipases appear to play only a quantitatively minor role in fat cell lipolysis.
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| 3. |
- Slidsborg, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Experts do not agree when to treat retinopathy of prematurity based on plus disease
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - London, United Kingdom : B M J Publishing Group. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 96:4, s. 549-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate inter-reader agreement on five severity levels of central vascular changes (none, mild, moderate, severe pre-plus disease, plus disease) and aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and to see whether an unintended shift in indication for treatment occurred.Methods: Four international ROP readers participated. Before the grading of the photographs, the readers were informed that a high proportion of advanced ROP cases were included. In total, 243 photographs/948 quadrants were available from 136 infants. As a standard series of photographs was available, grading was performed under optimised conditions.Results: The four readers agreed on the quadrant scores of only 70 (7.38%) of the 948 quadrants-that is, on 1, 5, 15, 4 and 45 quadrants for scores 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The mean scores differed systematically between the readers (permutation test, p<0.0001). Agreement on presence of aggressive posterior ROP from all four readers was not obtained for any of the photographs. Readers scored plus disease in at least two quadrants in 95.5% of the eyes for which treatment was indicated. All four readers agreed on the scoring of indication for treatment for 195 eyes (80.2%); however, treatment was only recommended in 18 (7.4%) eyes. One reader was found to differ systematically from the others in indicating treatment (Rasch analysis; p=0.0001). Finally, a significant shift in indication for treatment occurred between birth period 2000-2002 and 2003-2006 (Mann-Whitney rank sum test, p<0.001).Conclusions: Inter-reader agreement on central vascular changes is poor, especially when based on more than two rating categories. The subjective nature of diagnosing such vascular changes possibly resulted in earlier treatment of preterm infants in Denmark over the entire study period (1997-2006). The recent increased incidence of treated infants in Denmark is, at least in part, explained by a significant shift in indication for treatment.
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