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| 2. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Fat and fat-free mass of healthy Swedish children show tracking during early life, but there are differences
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : WILEY. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:9, s. 1704-1708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Obesity may start early in life. We investigated relationships between size and body composition variables in infancy and at 4 years of age using valid estimates of body composition. The results were compared to those obtained when body mass index (BMI) was used to estimate body fatness at 4 years. Methods Using air displacement plethysmography, size, fat mass and fat-free mass were studied, between 2007 and 2015, in 253 full-term healthy Swedish children at 1 week, 12 weeks and 4 years of age. Results Positive associations between variables in infancy and at 4 years were found at 1 and 12 weeks for weight, height, BMI, fat-free mass and fat-free mass index (p amp;lt;= 0.002) and for fat mass, per cent body fat and fat mass index (p amp;lt;= 0.04) at 12 weeks. Fat mass gained during infancy correlated positively (p amp;lt;= 0.031) with per cent fat mass, fat mass index and BMI, all at 4 years. In girls, gains in fat-free mass during infancy correlated with BMI (p = 0.0005) at 4 years. Conclusion The results provide information regarding body composition trajectories during early life and demonstrate limitations of BMI as a proxy for body fatness when relating early weight gain to variables, relevant for later obesity risk.
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| 3. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Premature birth was not associated with increased body fatness in four-year-old boys and girls
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 109:2, s. 327-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Premature birth is a worldwide problem and increases the risk of chronic disease later in life. Prematurely born infants may have a high percentage of body fat at term-equivalent age, but it is unclear if this characteristic is maintained in childhood. Therefore, we compared the size and body composition of four-year-old prematurely born children to such values of full-term controls. Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, we assessed weight, height, fat mass and fat-free mass, using air displacement plethysmography in 188 reasonably healthy prematurely born four-year-olds (98 boys). Results: At four years of age, prematurely born children (gestational weeks at birth: 23.3-36.9) tended to be lighter and shorter and to contain less fat mass and fat-free mass than did full-term controls. The gestational age at birth of the prematurely born children correlated positively and significantly (P <.05) with height, weight, body mass index, fat mass (kg, %), fat mass index and fat-free mass (kg) in girls but not in boys. Conclusion: Prematurity was not associated with increased body fatness in our four-year-olds. Our findings are relevant in relation to previously published results showing that premature birth is associated with chronic disease later in life.
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| 4. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Total body fat content versus BMI in 4-year-old healthy Swedish children.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Obesity. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-0708 .- 2090-0716. ; 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood overweight and obesity, a worldwide problem, is generally identified using BMI (body mass index). However, this application of BMI has been little investigated in children below 5 years of age due to a lack of appropriate methods to assess body composition. Therefore, we used air displacement plethysmography (ADP) to study 4.4-year old boys and girls since this method is accurate in young children if they accept the requirements of the measurement. The purpose was to analyze the relationship between BMI and body fat in these children. Body composition was assessed in 76 (43 boys, 33 girls) of the 84 children brought to the measurement session. Boys and girls contained 25.2 ± 4.7 and 26.8 ± 4.0% body fat, respectively. BMI-based cut-offs for overweight could not effectively identify children with a high body fat content. There was a significant (P < 0.001) but weak (r = 0.39) correlation between BMI and body fat (%). In conclusion, requirements associated with a successful assessment of body composition by means of ADP were accepted by most 4-year-olds. Furthermore, BMI-based cut-offs for overweight did not effectively identify children with a high body fatness and BMI explained only a small proportion of the variation in body fat (%) in this age group.
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| 5. |
- Henriksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Development of body composition and its relationship with physical activity : A longitudinal study of Swedish children until 4·5 years of age
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to develop strategies to prevent early childhood obesity more knowledge about longitudinal body composition development is needed. Previous studies have shown that there is a negative relationship between the physical activity level (PAL) and total body fat (TBF) in children. The aims of this study were: 1) To describe the longitudinal development of body composition from 1 week to 4·5 years of age. 2) To study the relationships between measures of body composition and PAL at 3 years of age. 3) To compare the relationships between body composition measures and PAL at 3 years of age to the corresponding relationships at 1·5 years of age. Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography at 1 week, 12 weeks and at 4·5 years of age. At 1·5 and 3 years body composition and PAL were assessed using the doubly labelled water method and indirect calorimetry. The results showed that TBF% and fat mass index (FMI) were higher than corresponding reference values, during infancy and childhood. We found a relationship between TBF% and PAL at 3 years of age but this was explained by a relationship between PAL and fat-free mass index (FFMI). The corresponding relationship at 1·5 years of age could not be explained by a relationship between PAL and FFMI. In conclusion, the children in this study had higher body fatness compared to the corresponding reference values. This may indicate an identification of a secular trend in body composition development which is characterized by a high body fatness. Our findings also suggest that body fatness might counteract physical activity at 1·5 years of age when the capacity to perform physical activity is limited, however this result was not observed at 3 years of age when such a capacity has been developed.
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| 6. |
- Henriksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal assessment of body composition in healthy Swedish children from 1 week until 4 years of age
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 71:11, s. 1345-1352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Knowledge of longitudinal body composition development is required to identify the mechanisms behind childhood overweight and obesity and to prevent these conditions. However, accurate data on this development in early childhood are lacking. Our aim was to describe the longitudinal body composition development in healthy young Swedish children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Body size and composition were assessed in 26 children using air-displacement plethysmography (1 and 12 weeks and 4.4 years of age) and isotope dilution (1.5 and 3 years of age) and compared with available reference data. RESULTS: Body fat (%) for boys (n = 16) was 12.8 +/- 3.9 (1 week), 25.6 +/- 4.8 (12 weeks), 28.2 +/- 3.8 (1.5 years), 27.3 +/- 5.1 (3 years) and 26.1 +/- 3.5 (4.4 years). For girls (n = 10) these values were 15.3 +/- 2.9, 25.7 +/- 3.9, 27.9 +/- 3.3, 26.3 +/- 7.2 and 26.0 +/- 5.3, respectively. These values were above the Fomon reference values at 1.5 years of age and later and higher than the Butte reference (Po0.05) for boys at 1.5 years of age. At all ages the coefficients of variation were higher for body fat (%) (12-30%) than for BMI (4-11%). CONCLUSIONS: At 4 years of age our children had more body fat than indicated by reference data. This high level may have already been established at 1.5 years of age but our small sample and the lack of appropriate reference data limit the possibility of drawing firm conclusions. Our results demonstrate the limitations of BMI when investigating overweight and obesity in early life and highlight the need for appropriate reference body composition data in infants and young children.
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| 7. |
- Nätt, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Human sperm displays rapid responses to diet
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS biology. - San Francisco, CA United States : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 17:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global rise in obesity and steady decline in sperm quality are two alarming trends that have emerged during recent decades. In parallel, evidence from model organisms shows that paternal diet can affect offspring metabolic health in a process involving sperm tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA). Here, we report that human sperm are acutely sensitive to nutrient flux, both in terms of sperm motility and changes in sperm tsRNA. Over the course of a 2-week diet intervention, in which we first introduced a healthy diet followed by a diet rich in sugar, sperm motility increased and stabilized at high levels. Small RNA-seq on repeatedly sampled sperm from the same individuals revealed that tsRNAs were up-regulated by eating a high-sugar diet for just 1 week. Unsupervised clustering identified two independent pathways for the biogenesis of these tsRNAs: one involving a novel class of fragments with specific cleavage in the T-loop of mature nuclear tRNAs and the other exclusively involving mitochondrial tsRNAs. Mitochondrial involvement was further supported by a similar up-regulation of mitochondrial rRNA-derived small RNA (rsRNA). Notably, the changes in sugar-sensitive tsRNA were positively associated with simultaneous changes in sperm motility and negatively associated with obesity in an independent clinical cohort. This rapid response to a dietary intervention on tsRNA in human sperm is attuned with the paternal intergenerational metabolic responses found in model organisms. More importantly, our findings suggest shared diet-sensitive mechanisms between sperm motility and the biogenesis of tsRNA, which provide novel insights about the interplay between nutrition and male reproductive health.
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