| 1. |
- Samuelsson, Stefan, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study of reading skills among very-low-birthweight children : Is there a catch-up?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Psychology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0146-8693 .- 1465-735X. ; 31:9, s. 967-977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the development of reading skills among very-low-birthweight (VLBW) children and to what extent reading difficulties at 9 years of age persist unchanged, are attenuated, or are enhanced at 15 years of age. Methods: Fifty-six VLBW and 52 normal birthweight (NBW) children were assessed on word decoding, word recognition, and reading comprehension at 9 and 15 years of age. Results: VLBW children showed deficits in reading skill at 9 years of age, while most differences obtained at 15 years of age did not reach significance. VLBW children improved their reading comprehension between 9 and 15 years of age more than NBW children, and when controlling for individual differences in IQ, VLBW children improved both their reading comprehension and word-recognition skill. Conclusion: The results suggest that VLBW children display positive changes over time in reading skills. © The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Ahsgren, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Ataxia, autism, and the cerebellum: a clinical study of 32 individuals with congenital ataxia.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 47:3, s. 193-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The suggested link between autism and cerebellar dysfunction formed the background for a Swedish clinical study in 2001. Thirty-two children (17 females, 15 males; mean age 12y, SD 3y 10mo; range 6 to 21y) with a clinical suspicion of non-progressive congenital ataxia were examined, and parents were interviewed about the presence of neuropsychiatric problems in the child. Twelve children had simple ataxia, eight had ataxic diplegia, and 12 had 'borderline' ataxia. All but one of the 32 children had a mild to moderate gross motor disability according to Gross Motor Function Classification System (15 were categorized as level I, 16 as level II, and one child as level IV). Neuroimaging and neuropsychological testing were achieved in most cases. There was a strong association between learning disability* and autism spectrum disorder (often combined with hyperactivity disorder) on the one hand, and both simple and borderline 'ataxia' on the other, but a weaker link between ataxic diplegia and neuropsychiatric disorders. A correlation between cerebellar macropathology on neuroimaging and neuropsychiatric disorders was not supported. Congenital ataxia might not be a clear-cut syndrome of cerebellar disease, but one of many signs of prenatal events or syndromes, leading to a complex neurodevelopmental disorder including autism and learning disability.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Flodmark, Carl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of progression to severe obesity in a group of obese schoolchildren treated with family therapy
- 1993
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - 1098-4275. ; 91:5, s. 880-884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the effect of family therapy on childhood obesity. DESIGN. Clinical trial. One year follow-up. SETTING. Referral from school after screening. PARTICIPANTS. Of 1774 children (aged 10 to 11), screened for obesity, 44 obese children were divided into two treatment groups. In an untreated control group of 50 obese children, screened in the same manner, body mass index (BMI) values were recorded twice, at 10 to 11 and at 14 years of age. INTERVENTION. Both treatment groups received comparable dietary counseling and medical checkups for a period of 14 to 18 months, while one of the groups also received family therapy. RESULTS. At the 1-year follow-up, when the children were 14 years of age, intention- to-treat analyses were made of the weight and height data for 39 of 44 children in the two treatment groups and for 48 of the 50 control children. The increase of BMI in the family therapy group was less than in the conventional treatment group at the end of treatment, and less than in the control group (P = .04 and P = .02, respectively). Moreover, mean BMI was significantly lower in the family therapy group than in the control group (P < .05), and the family therapy group also had fewer children with BMI > 30 than the control group (P = .02). The reduction of triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, expressed as percentages of the initial values, was significantly greater in the family therapy group than in the conventional treatment group (P = .03, P = .005 and P = .002, respectively), and their physical fitness was significantly better (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS. Family therapy seems to be effective in preventing progression to severe obesity during adolescence if the treatment starts at 10 to 11 years of age.
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| 6. |
- Grönqvist, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Association between visual impairment and functional and morphological cerebral abnormalities in full-term children
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 79:2, s. 140-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To characterise the nature and degree of ocular disorders and cerebral morphological and functional abnormalities in a population-based group of visually impaired full-term pre-school children. Methods: Forty-five children who were born at full-term between 1989 and 1995 in Varmland, Sweden, were reported as being visually impaired. An ophthalmological examination was performed and clinical data regarding mental development and neurological disease were obtained for all children. Cerebral imaging was performed in 35 children, Results: Twenty-six per cent of the children were found to have ocular disorders only. Forty-two per cent had cerebral morphological abnormalities, verified by cerebral imaging, and 65% had signs of cerebral functional abnormalities. In total, 74% were found to have cerebral morphological and/or cerebral functional abnormalities. Conclusion: The majority of children with visual impairment, including children with ocular disorders, were found to have cerebral morphological and/or cerebral functional abnormalities. We suggest that any child with visual impairment should therefore undergo cerebral imaging and be examined by a paediatrician in order to establish the correct diagnosis.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Holmefur, Marie, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Factors that predict and correlate with development of hand function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
- 2012
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Ingår i: 9th COTEC Congress of Occupational Therapy.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier studies of development of hand function showed large variation between individuals in course of development.Aim: To identify factors that predict or correlate with development of hand function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).Methods: Forty-five children with unilateral CP (inclusion age 18-64 months) were measured repeatedly with the Assisting Hand Assessment over on average 4,5 years. Data was collected on brain lesion (n=27), learning ability, sensibility in affected hand etc. A non-linear mixed models analysis was used.Results: Type, extent and location of brain lesion could predict development of hand function. Decreased learning ability was a predictor of slower development of hand function. Poor sensibility in the affected hand correlated with slower development and a lower ability level compared to children with good sensibility.Conclusion: Development of hand function can be predicted by brain lesion and is correlated to learning ability and sensibility in the affected hand.
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| 9. |
- Holmefur, Marie, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Neuroradiology can predict the development of hand function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. - : Sage Publications. - 1545-9683 .- 1552-6844. ; 27:1, s. 72-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Much variation is found in the development of hand function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).OBJECTIVE: To explore how anatomic brain abnormalities can be used to predict the development of hand function.METHODS: A total of 32 children with unilateral CP (16 boys and 16 girls) were evaluated at least once a year by the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA). The data collection covered an age range from 18 months to 8 years (mean time in study, 4 years and 6 months). Computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were assessed for patterns of brain damage, including the location of gray and extent of white-matter damage. The children were divided into groups according to lesion characteristics, and a series of univariate models were analyzed with a nonlinear mixed-effects model. The rate and maximum limit of development were calculated.RESULTS: The highest predictive power of better development of hand function was the absence of a concurrent lesion to the basal ganglia and thalamus, independent of the basic type of brain lesion. This model predicted both the rate of increasing ability and hand function at age 8 years. Hand function was also predicted by the basic pattern of damage and by the extent of white-matter damage. The presence of unilateral or bilateral damage had no predictive value.CONCLUSIONS: Neuroradiological findings can be used to make a crude prediction of the future development of the use of the affected hand in young children with unilateral CP.
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| 10. |
- Jacobson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Visual field defects in prematurely born patients with white matter damage of immaturity : a multiple-case study.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420. ; 84:3, s. 357-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: White matter damage of immaturity may affect visual, motor and cognitive functions. This multiple-case study presents standardized perimetry results in six teenagers and young adults born prematurely with visual dysfunction due to white matter damage of immaturity of pre- or perinatal origin. METHODS: Six subjects, aged 13-25 years, born at a gestational age of 28-34 weeks, with white matter damage of immaturity documented by MRI, and optic disc appearances documented by fundus photography, were examined with manual and computerized quantitative perimetry. RESULTS: All subjects had subnormal visual field (VF) function, although the depth and extension of the VF defects differed between subjects. The inferior VF function was more deviant than the superior in all cases. The concordance between the VF defects detected with the different techniques was good, although the static computerized techniques revealed slightly more abnormality. CONCLUSION: White matter damage of immaturity may affect the VF. The lower VF is often more affected than the upper. The abnormalities can be demonstrated by both manual and computerized perimetry.
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| 11. |
- Johansson, Maria E I, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Autism spectrum disorder and underlying brain mechanism in the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 49:4, s. 280-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of a multidisciplinary study, the rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning disability (LD), and brain abnormalities was examined in 20 participants (12 males, 8 females; age range 8mo-17y, mean age 8y 1mo) diagnosed as falling within the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAV). A neuropsychiatric examination was performed, including standardized autism diagnostic interviews. Two individuals met diagnostic criteria for autism, one for autistic-like condition, and five for autistic traits. Four patients had mild LD, three severe LD, two profound LD, and two borderline intellectual functioning. Neuroimaging indicated cerebral abnormalities in more than half of the patients. Abnormalities of white/grey matter were found in more than half of examined individuals; enlargement of ventricles in more than a third. Results indicate that at least a subgroup of ASD may be associated with errors in early embryonic brain development. Awareness of the coexistence of OAV/ASD is important in habilitation care of individuals with OAV.
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| 12. |
- Kakooza-Mwesige, Angelina, et al.
(författare)
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Grey matter brain injuries are common in Ugandan children with cerebral palsy suggesting a perinatal aetiology in full-term infants
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 105:6, s. 655-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: There is limited literature on brain imaging studies of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low and middle income countries. We investigated neuroimaging patterns of children with CP attending a tertiary referral centre in Uganda to determine how they differed from studies reported from high income countries and their relationship with prenatal and postnatal factors.METHODS: Precontrast and postcontrast computed tomography (CT) scans of 78 CP children aged 2-12 years were conducted using a Philips MX 16-slice CT scanner. Two radiologists, blinded to the patient's clinical status, independently reviewed the scans.RESULTS: Abnormal CT scans were detected in 69% of the children sampled, with very few having primary white matter injuries (4%). Primary grey matter injuries (PGMI) (44%) and normal scans (31%) were most frequent. Children with a history of hospital admission following birth were three times more likely to have PGMI (odds ratio [OR] 2.8; 95% CI 1.1-7.1), suggesting a perinatal period with medical complications.CONCLUSION: Brain imaging patterns in this group of CP children differed markedly from imaging studies reported from high income countries, suggesting a perinatal aetiology in full-term infants and reduced survival in preterm infants.
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| 13. |
- Kvist, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Association between adolescents' self-perceived oral health and self-reported experiences of abuse
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 121:6, s. 594-599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the association between self-perceived oral health and self-reported exposure to different types of child abuse. It was hypothesized that self-perceived oral health is compromised in exposed adolescents. All Grade-9 compulsory school and second-year high-school pupils in Södermanland County, Sweden (n = 7,262) were invited to take part in a population-based survey; 5,940 adolescents responded. Survey items on health and social wellbeing included self-perceived oral health and exposure to abuse. The results showed that poor self-perceived oral health was associated with self-reported experience of physical abuse, intimate partner violence, forced sex, and bullying (adjusted OR = 2.3–14.7). The likelihood of reporting poor oral health increased from an adjusted OR of 2.1 for a single incident of abuse to an adjusted OR of 23.3 for multiple abuses. In conclusion, poor self-perceived oral health and previous exposure to child physical abuse, intimate partner violence, bullying, and forced sex is associated. It is important that dental professionals recognize adolescents with poor subjective oral health and take into consideration child abuse as a possible cause in order to prevent these adolescents from further victimization. These results further strengthen that dental professionals are an important resource in child protection.
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| 14. |
- Lennartsson, Finn, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced fiber tracking in early acquired brain injury causing cerebral palsy
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : HighWire Press. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 36:1, s. 181-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging and fiber tractography can be used to investigate alterations in white matter tracts in patients with early acquired brain lesions and cerebral palsy. Most existing studies have used diffusion tensor tractography, which is limited in areas of complex fiber structures or pathologic processes. We explored a combined normalization and probabilistic fiber-tracking method for more realistic fiber tractography in this patient group.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 17 children with unilateral cerebral palsy and 24 typically developing controls. DWI data were collected at 1.5T (45 directions, b=1000 s/mm(2)). Regions of interest were defined on a study-specific fractional anisotropy template and mapped onto subjects for fiber tracking. Probabilistic fiber tracking of the corticospinal tract and thalamic projections to the somatosensory cortex was performed by using constrained spherical deconvolution. Tracts were qualitatively assessed, and DTI parameters were extracted close to and distant from lesions and compared between groups.RESULTS: The corticospinal tract and thalamic projections to the somatosensory cortex were realistically reconstructed in both groups. Structural changes to tracts were seen in the cerebral palsy group and included splits, dislocations, compaction of the tracts, or failure to delineate the tract and were associated with underlying pathology seen on conventional MR imaging. Comparisons of DTI parameters indicated primary and secondary neurodegeneration along the corticospinal tract. Corticospinal tract and thalamic projections to the somatosensory cortex showed dissimilarities in both structural changes and DTI parameters.CONCLUSIONS: Our proposed method offers a sensitive means to explore alterations in WM tracts to further understand pathophysiologic changes following early acquired brain injury.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Rosengren, Lars, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Värna utförarens kompetens vid intrakraniell trombektomi
- 2018
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 2018:115
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den snabbkurs för kardiologer om 3–6 månader som föreslås av Sjögren och medförfattare utgör endast en bråkdel av den utbildningsinsats som det finns konsensus om, skriver 12 medlemmar i Nationella arbetsgruppen för stroke i en replik om trombektomi. De föreslår att ett modernt nationellt ambulanshelikoptersystem etableras.
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| 17. |
- Tegern, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Om att förebygga skakvåld mot små barn : redovisning och utvärdering av en försöksverksamhet med ett preventionsprogram
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- År 2008 fick professorn och verksamhetschefen vid Neuroradiologiska Kliniken vid Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, i uppdrag av Socialdepartementet och Stockholm läns landsting att tillsammans med verksamhetsföreträdare för mödra- och barnhälsovård i Stockholms läns landsting utveckla en modell för prevention av barnmisshandel i form av skakvåld och därpå följande hjärnskador efter en utprövad amerikansk förebild samt påbörja en försöksverksamhet inom landstinget. Redan under planeringsfasen fattades beslutet att utvärdera försöksverksamheten.Den här rapporten avser att redovisa de erfarenheter som projektet gett upphov till. Vår förhoppning är att vi på så sätt kan förse organisationer och verksamheter som överväger att införa prevention av skakvåld i den reguljära vården med ett diskussions-/beslutsunderlag. Rapporten är indelad i ett antal mer eller mindre självständiga kapitel. Beroende på bakgrund och intresse kan läsaren välja att fokusera på ett enda kapitel eller ta del av flera.Vi har valt att redovisa sammanfattningen av rapporten och konklusionerna i det första kapitlet. För den som har begränsad tid och mindre nytta av detaljer skall denna sammanfattning förhoppningsvis vara tillräcklig för att få en god bild av programverksamhetens styrkor och svagheter. För den läsare som inte redan är förtrogen med forskning om hjärnskador och våld riktad mot små barn och med internationella försök att förebygga detta har vi gjort en kortfattad sammanställning av kunskapsläget i kapitel 2 samt en genomgång av hur ett antal internationella preventionsprogram utformats och utvärderats. I kapitel 3 beskrivs sedan det svenska preventionsprogrammet, Mental vaccination, som utarbetades inom projektet och som prövades i Stockholms läns landsting under försöksperioden. I kapitel 4 redovisas utvärderingen av programverksamhetens inledande fas, förberedelse och implementering, sedd från den berörda personalens perspektiv. Det sista kapitlet (kapitel 5) redovisar utvärderingen av programmets effekter på nyblivna föräldrars attityder, kunskap, medvetenhet om risker samt riskreducerande beteende.Ansvariga för denna rapport vill tacka personal och föräldrar som bidragit med att besvara de enkäter som legat till grund för denna rapport. Vi vill också tacka de medarbetare som utbildat, stött och uppmuntrat informatörerna samt de läkare och verksamhetsansvariga som deltagit i projektets styr- och projektgrupper.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Wiklund, Lars-Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Computed tomography as an adjunct in etiological analysis of hemiplegic cerebral palsy; II: Children born at term.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Neuropediatrics. - 0174-304X. ; 22:3, s. 121-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CT brain scans were used to evaluate the most likely etiology of hemiplegic cerebral palsy in a group of children born at term. The population based study group comprised 83 children. The CT findings were classified to reflect the phase of brain maturation during which the injury causing hemiplegia most likely had occurred. The most common finding (37%) was periventricular atrophy considered to represent periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). PVL is a form of hypoxic-ischemic damage typical of the immature brain and most commonly seen as a complication of preterm birth. As this lesion was found in children born at term it was considered to reflect a cerebral injury that had occurred in utero. Cerebral maldevelopment, due to a very early intrauterine lesion, was detected in 17%, while cortical-/subcortical lesions, previously considered to be of major importance in hemiplegia, were seen in just 16% of the children. Altogether the CT findings indicated a prenatal origin of hemiplegia in 57%. Assessing the time of injury based on clinical records concurred with prenatal origin in 32% of the children thought to have prenatal origin of hemiplegia by CT. The objective information available from careful review of imaging information such as CT brain scans, is an important adjunct to clinical data. We propose that assessment of brain morphology, by means of imaging, should be integrated with clinical assessment when evaluating the etiology of brain lesions in children with congenital motor impairment.
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| 20. |
- Wiklund, Lars-Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Morphology of cerebral lesions in children with congenital hemiplegia. A study with computed tomography.
- 1990
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - 0028-3940. ; 32:3, s. 179-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study has analysed the results of CT scans of the brains in children with congenital hemiplegia. The material consists of 111 out of a total of 151 children with this cerebral palsy syndrome in a population-based series. We have classified the morphological findings in five groups. The groups are designed to reflect the phase of maturation of the brain when the insult happened. The groups are: 1. Maldevelopment, 2. Periventricular atrophy, 3. Cortical-/subcortical atrophy, 4. Miscellaneous, 5. Normal. In contrast to previous reports we found a high proportion (17%) with maldevelopment. However the dominating morphological pattern was periventricular atrophy, consistent with a hypoxic-ischemic insult to the immature brain, seen in 42%. Cortical and/or subcortical atrophy was found in 12%. Three children (3%) presented with morphological patterns not possible to classify. The group with no pathology according to CT was 26%.
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