| 1. |
- Cabrera Arteaga, Javier, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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CROW: Code Diversification for WebAssembly
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adoption of WebAssembly increases rapidly, as it provides a fast and safe model for program execution in the browser. However, WebAssembly is not exempt from vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious observers. Code diversification can mitigate some of these attacks. In this paper, we present the first fully automated workflow for the diversification of WebAssembly binaries. We present CROW, an open-source tool implementing this workflow through enumerative synthesis of diverse code snippets expressed in the LLVMintermediate representation. We evaluate CROW’s capabilitieson303C programs and study its use on a real-life security-sensitive program: libsodium, a modern cryptographic library. Overall, CROW is able to generate diverse variants for239out of303 (79%)small programs. Furthermore, our experiments show that our approach and tool is able to successfully diversify off-the-shelf cryptographic software (libsodium).
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| 2. |
- Cabrera Arteaga, Javier, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Superoptimization of WebAssembly bytecode
- 2020
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Ingår i: Conference Companion of the 4th International Conference on Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming. - Portugal : Aakar Books.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivated by the fast adoption of WebAssembly, we propose the first functional pipeline to support the superoptimization of WebAssembly bytecode. Our pipeline works over LLVM and Souper. We evaluate our superoptimization pipeline with 12 programs from the Rosetta code project. Our pipeline improves the code section size of 8 out of 12 programs. We discuss the challenges faced in superoptimization of WebAssembly with two case studies.
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| 3. |
- Floros, Orestis, et al.
(författare)
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Vulnerability in Executive Functions to Sleep Deprivation Is Predicted by Subclinical Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 2451-9022 .- 2451-9030. ; 6:3, s. 290-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sleep loss results in state instability of cognitive functioning. It is not known whether this effect is more expressed when there is an increased cognitive demand. Moreover, while vulnerability to sleep loss varies substantially among individuals, it is not known why some people are more affected than others. We hypothesized that top-down regulation was specifically affected by sleep loss and that subclinical inattention and emotional instability traits, related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, predict this vulnerability in executive function and emotion regulation, respectively.Methods: Healthy subjects (ages 17–45 years) rated trait inattention and emotional instability before being randomized to either a night of normal sleep (n = 86) or total sleep deprivation (n = 87). Thereafter, they performed a neutral and emotional computerized Stroop task, involving words and faces. Performance was characterized primarily by cognitive conflict reaction time and reaction time variability (RTV), mirroring conflict cost in top-down regulation.Results: Sleep loss led to increased cognitive conflict RTV. Moreover, a higher level of inattention predicted increased cognitive conflict RTV in the neutral Stroop task after sleep deprivation (r = .30, p = .0055) but not after normal sleep (r = .055, p = .65; interaction effect β = 6.19, p = .065). This association remained after controlling for cognitive conflict reaction time and emotional instability, suggesting domain specificity. Correspondingly, emotional instability predicted cognitive conflict RTV for the emotional Stroop task only after sleep deprivation, although this effect was nonsignificant after correcting for multiple comparisons.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sleep deprivation affects cognitive conflict variability and that less stable performance in executive functioning may surface after sleep loss in vulnerable individuals characterized by subclinical symptoms of inattention.
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| 4. |
- Nylander, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Five-year outcomes of ADHD diagnosed in adulthood.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of psychology. - : Wiley. - 1467-9450 .- 0036-5564. ; 62:1, s. 13-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a dearth of long-term follow-up studies of adults diagnosed with ADHD. Here, the aim was to evaluate long-term outcomes in a group of ADHD patients diagnosed in adulthood and receiving routine psychiatric health care. Adults diagnosed with any type of ADHD (n=52) and healthy controls (n=73) were assessed at baseline and at a 5-year follow-up, using Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Brown ADD Scale (BADDS) and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). A multivariate regression method was used to identify factors predicting 5-year outcomes, including baseline ratings, medication intensity, comorbidity, intelligence quotient (IQ), age, and sex. After 5years, ADHD patients reported fewer and/or less severe symptoms compared to baseline, but remained at clinically significant symptom levels and with functional deficits. Baseline self-reports of ADHD symptoms predicted their own 5-year outcome and low baseline functioning level predicted improved global functioning at follow-up. Factors previously reported to predict short-term outcomes (i.e., medication, comorbidity, IQ, age, and sex) did not anticipate long-term outcomes in present study.
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