| 1. |
- Flower, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to Courtroom Ethnography
- 2023
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Ingår i: Courtroom Ethnography : Exploring Contemporary Approaches, Fieldwork and Challenges - Exploring Contemporary Approaches, Fieldwork and Challenges. - 9783031379840 ; , s. 1-16
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Constructing clickable criminal trials: : Framing trials and legal professionals in digital news reports
- 2023
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Ingår i: Emotions and Society. - 2631-6897. ; 5:1, s. 48-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Journalistic live blogging entails the conundrum of capturing emotions in a context where they should be absent in order to snap up the sensational in the subtle drama of the courtroom and present it in a way that attracts readers, thus making it clickable.Applying an inductive frame analysis of live blogs and drawing on criteria of newsworthiness and an emotion sociological framework, this article shows two frames of understanding criminal trials are constructed in live blogs: prosecutorial power and teamwork. These frames serve to construct and reconstruct understandings of criminal trials in Sweden. The frames are partially embedded in the legal sphere thereby reproducing the ideological underpinnings of unemotional rationality whilst concomitantly conveying a more contemporary understanding wherein reason and emotion are conflated. The study shows further that the media frame shapes how criminal trials are reported in live blogs leading to a somewhat distorted understanding of trials being conveyed. Legal professionals are made newsworthy by drawing on news values, in particular on emotionalization, which constitutes a crucial tool for the live blogging journalist.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Digital participation : An exploration of how video conferencing impacts on criminal trials
- 2022
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Ingår i: ; , s. 26-26
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We are at the international precipice of change in how people typically participate in criminal trials. From the traditional copresence of legal professionals, defendants, plaintiffs and witnesses in physical courtrooms, we are rapidly moving towards digital participation becoming more routine as reflected in the expeditious increase in the use of video conferencing in trials in Sweden and many other countries. However, whilst technological advances and legal rulings are enabling this digital shift, academic attention has failed to keep abreast of how participating in criminal trials by video conference is experienced by those taking part, or how this format of participation changes how they are perceived. Relatedly, the shift from participating in a physical legal setting to taking part via video link also has repercussions for conveying and upholding the legitimacy of legal proceedings. There is a risk the COVID-19 pandemic rushed the courtrooms into a digital world without appropriate investigation. This paper will discuss the extant research and present a project proposal that is centred around three research questions: How does participation by video conference change the experience of a legal trial? How is the ceremonial setting of a trial conveyed in video conferences? How does video conferencing impact on judicial evaluations of credibility and guilt? A combined qualitative and quantitative approach will be used. The empirical focus will be on criminal trials at district court concerning crimes against persons where credibility is of particular importance. The findings will produce new knowledge regarding the interpretations and practices of digital participation in legal trials and will also have important implications for the execution of justice beyond the site of study.
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| 10. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Doing Loyalty: Defense Lawyers' Subtle Dramas in the Courtroom
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. - : SAGE Publications. - 0891-2416 .- 1552-5414. ; 47:2, s. 226-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The courtroom work of defense lawyers has received surprisingly little sociological attention. What does a defense lawyer actually do in court? How do defense lawyers represent their client beyond the hard paragraphs of the law? By studying this phenomenon in a context where the scope for expressive gestures is limited, it is possible to gain a greater understanding into the often subtle ways in which legal teamwork is performed. This article draws on ethnographic field notes from courtrooms in Sweden to explore how defense lawyers, who have taken an oath to loyally represent clients, do this using (1) little dramatic productions, (2) little dramatic reductions, and (3) directions of teammates. These strategies are found to involve the use of props and the body in order to perform vicarious face-saving practices necessary to maintain professional face and teamface and to manage face threats. Each of these strategies reproduce and reinforce the emotional regime of the courtroom. A Goffmanian framework is used to show how emotions are managed in the courtroom in order to conform to the emotional regime. The findings therefore show how defense lawyers not only represent their clients juridically but also interactionally and introduces the new term “little dramatic reductions,” which is also relevant to other professions involving loyalty and teamwork.
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| 11. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Doing loyalty: subtle dramas in emotional courtrooms
- 2016
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Ingår i: ; , s. 61-61
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The courtroom work of defence lawyers has received surprisingly little sociological attention leading to the question: how do defence lawyers represent their client beyond the hard paragraphs of the law? By studying this phenomenon in a context where the scope for expressive gestures is limited, it is possible to gain a greater understanding into the often subtle ways in which legal teamwork is performed. Furthermore, the underlying emotional regime will become discernible. This article draws on ethnographic field notes from courtrooms in Sweden to explore how defence lawyers who have taken an oath to loyally represent clients, do this using (1) little dramatic productions, (2) little dramatic reductions, and (3) direction of teammates. These strategies involve the use of props and the body in order to perform vicarious face saving practices necessary to maintain professional face, teamface and to manage face threats. In these ways, defence lawyers are able to construct or undermine facts using nonverbal communication and emotion management. Each of these strategies reproduce and reinforce the emotional regime of the courtroom. The findings thus show how defence lawyers not only represent their clients juridically but also interactionally.
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| 12. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Doing objectivity
- 2014
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Ingår i: ; , s. 258-258
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Dramatic Subtlety: Exploring Anger and Strategic Niceness in the Courtroom
- 2016
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Ingår i: NSfK’s 58 Research Seminar : New challenges in criminology; can old theories be used to explain or understand new crimes? - New challenges in criminology; can old theories be used to explain or understand new crimes?. - 9788276880465 ; 58, s. 407-421
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditionally, the law has been considered as devoid of emotions, however recent research has begun to analyze the courtroom as an emotional scene. The emotion norms of the courtroom are thus interesting to explore and, as the courtroom work and emotions of de- fense lawyers have received little sociological attention, this will be the focus of this paper. The aim here is to show the emotions that are present in the courtroom and how they are managed using the case of anger and I will also discuss the use of niceness. The paper will also explore the ways in which anger and niceness should be displayed in order to both conform to the emotional regime of the courtroom and in order to show loyalty to the cli- ent, loyalty comprising the guiding principle of defense lawyers in Sweden. The paper will also discuss the background to the recent shift from viewing courtrooms as unemotional arenas to a move in sociological and legal research aimed at uncovering the emotions lying beneath. I aim therefore to explore what defense lawyers actually do in the courtroom, that is, the interactional and emotional strategies used to represent clients in order to give the impression of being loyal to the client. By studying this in a context where the scope for expressive gestures is limited, namely the Swedish courtroom, it is possible to gain a greater understanding into the prevailing emotional regime of the courtroom and the ways in which legal representation is performed. This paper draws on ethnographic field- notes from courtrooms in Sweden and interviews with defense lawyers. The emotional regime in the courtroom is also discussed, outlining the emotional parameters of the courtroom.
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| 15. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Emotional Defence Lawyers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Emotions: History, Culture, Society. - 2208-522X. ; 3:2, s. 282-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emotions of defence lawyers have garnered little sociological attention. This is surprising as their role requires them to show loyalty to clients, representing them in court, irrespective of the client or the crime. Theirs is thus an emotionally demanding role, requiring the management of inappropriate emotions. This article explores this by showing that justice systems have structurally embedded emotional regimes guiding emotional performances. My study reveals these invisible rules, along with the ways in which one category of legal professional in particular – defence lawyers – perform their role in the Swedish justice system. The material considered includes fieldnotes gathered from an extensive courtroom ethnography and interviews with defence lawyers. The analysis looks at how defence lawyers perform their duty of loyalty, and finds it to be an interactional accomplishment demanding emotion management and impression management strategies ensuring conformity to the emotional regime of law.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Hysteria: Crime; Media and Politics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Crime, Media, Culture. - 1741-6590. ; 18:3, s. 482-488
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Interactional Justice : The Role of Emotions in the Performance of Loyalty
- 2019
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- By drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldnotes and interviews with lawyers, this sociological study brings their loyalty work to life and reveals to the reader the unwritten rules of emotional interactions. It presents how defence lawyers socially construct their duty of loyalty by negotiating informal and implicit professional and social expectations. This accomplishment demands emotion work and face work in order to perform a role which includes defending clients accused of heinous crimes and "losing" the majority of cases. As the defence team is central to this, the ways of doing teamwork with their joint efforts is explored.
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| 19. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Live blogging criminal trials: An exploration the impact on Danish and Swedish legal professionals
- 2021
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Ingår i: ; , s. 18-18
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Live blogging from legal trials has become one of the most accessi-ble ways in which the public can gain direct insight into legal proceedings. Whilst live blogging constitutes an important way of ensuring open justice – a key component of many democratic societies – how this immediate and detailed surveillance impacts on the legal professionals being depicted is currently unknown. By drawing on interviews with legal professionals, this article asks how live blogs impact on the legal professionals represented as well as how they interact with and incorporate live blogs into their work life practices. The article finds that live blogs have quickly become a normalized aspect of legal professionals’ courtroom work in Den-mark and Sweden, however live blogs’ impact on their work life remains ambiguous and contentious.
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| 20. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Live blogs can’t handle the truth : A contemporary cross-cultural consideration of transparency and procedural justice.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Oñati Socio-Legal Series. - 2079-5971. ; , s. 1690-1710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reporting from trials using live blogs to continuously inform readers about courtroom events have rapidly become an established part of legal life and are often assumed to fulfill demands of open justice. However, a deep sociolegal understanding of how legal professionals perceive live blogs as affecting procedural justice is currently missing, as is a thick understanding of what transparency means to legal professionals. As more detailed knowledge on contemporary transparency will contribute to understanding the acceptance and resistance to open justice and specific reporting formats, this study focuses on the interlinking of legal professionals, transparency and live blogs. A qualitative cross-cultural approach finds that legal professionals consider Bentham’s tenets to be partially transformed, in particular regarding the original truth function. Rather than enabling truths, legal professionals perceive live blogs as a threat to truths. Nevertheless, live blogs are considered to provide good enough transparency in relation to specific jurisdictional contexts.
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| 21. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Lojalitetsarbete : Hur visar en advokat lojalitet mot sin klient
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ny Juridik. - 1400-3007. ; :2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I alla vardagliga situationer och relationer gör sig inblandade personers känslor påminda på olika sätt. Det kan få en stor inverkan på utfallet av mänskliga möten i skilda sammanhang. I den ”juridiska världen” har detta länge varit en icke-fråga. Juridiken är till sin natur rationell och objektiv och det gäller juristen också. Så har det sagts. Men detta är av allt att döma en grov förenkling. I denna uppsats (som bygger på hennes doktorsavhandling) redovisar Lisa Flower förekomsten och betydelsen av känslor och hur sådana hanteras inom ramen för en rättegång.
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| 22. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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Loyalty Work : Emotional interactions of defence lawyers in Swedish courtrooms
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Defence lawyers’ work takes place in emotionally charged, yet emotionally constraining situations. This is particularly evident in criminal trials. Distressed clients, unforeseeable disruptions, disturbing evidence, emotional plaintiffs and even moral suspicions should all be managed in a proper and appropriate manner. Loyalty Work analyses how this is done in the context of Sweden, with specific focus on criminal trials at district courts. Defence lawyers constitute a category of legal professionals that have received relatively little sociological attention and thus warrant deeper theoretical and empirical understanding.By drawing on ethnographic fieldnotes from observations of over 50 criminal trials the strategies for performing loyalty and teamwork are revealed. Interviews with 18 lawyers have also been conducted to explore how defence lawyers talk about emotions and their professional role. This empirical material, along with other sources such as the audio recording of a trial, are analysed using dramaturgical theory and theories on emotion work.The study shows how defence lawyers project a professional impression in line with invisible emotional, interactional and ceremonial expectations. Defence lawyers attempt to represent clients by managing performances in the courtroom– their own, their clients’ and others’ - and by ensuring they remain within the boundaries of the emotional regime of law. Simultaneously, the defence team should present a united front to the court. These strategies involve using emotion work and facework to build up or undermine facts in the trial, by drawing attention towards or away from information presented or by the use of props.A criminal trial is found to be an inherently emotional and interactional accomplishment with the reproduction of defence lawyers’ loyalty to their clients as a crucial component. Defence lawyers are also expected to ensure that the overarching emotional regime of law with its illusionary dichotomy between rationality and emotionality is upheld. The study concludes that loyalty work demands emotion work, facework and teamwork. The Swedish context is particularly interesting as it calls for subtle drama with understated performances.
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| 23. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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"Man ska inte sitta där som en maskin, men man ska inte ha ett känsloutbrott där man liksom, bryter ut i dans" : En jämförande studie av försvarsadvokater och kabinpersonal som utförare av emotionellt lönearbete
- 2023
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Ingår i: Retfærd: Nordisk juridisk tidsskrift. - 0105-1121. ; 3:177, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enligt Hochschild (1983) kännetecknas emotionellt lönearbete av ett antal aspekter: institutionaliserade regler kring vad den arbetande får känna och hur de får visa det; reglerna förväntas följas av den arbetande (med hjälp av olika strategier); någon som säkerställer att reglerna följs – en ”emotional supervisor”; och att den arbetandes känslor har ett bytesvärde. I den här artikeln använder jag etnografiska observationer av rättegångar och intervjuer med advokater för att undersöka om försvarsadvokater verksamma vid brottmålsrättegångar i Sverige uppfyller ovanstående kriterier och således kan betraktas som emotionella lönearbetare. Den svenska rättssalen är intressant att utforska eftersom den bygger på det (inom juridiken) traditionella sättet att betrakta rationalitet och emotionalitet som motsatser till varandra. Artikeln visar att försvarsadvokater uppfyller flera av kriterierna för att kunna betraktas som emotionella lönearbetare.
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| 25. |
- Flower, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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The criminal trial as a live event: Exploring how and why live blogs change the professional practices of judges, defence lawyers and prosecutors
- 2021
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Ingår i: Media, Culture and Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 1460-3675 .- 0163-4437. ; 43:8, s. 1480-1496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Live blogging from legal trials has become one of the most accessible ways in which the public can gain direct insight into legal proceedings, particularly in countries where television cameras are denied entry into the courtroom. Whilst live blogging constitutes an important way of ensuring the transparency and openness of legal processes and documents – a principle known as open justice and a key component of many democratic societies – the risks stemming from opening up the courts not only to more immediate and detailed scrutiny, but also to a larger, virtual audience are lesser known. A deeper understanding of how a legal trial’s transformation into a live event due to live blogs has impacted on the legal sphere is therefore needed. The aims of this article are thus twofold: to show how live blogs are changing legal professionals’ work practices and to discuss what it is about live blogs that leads to these changes in professional practices. The analysis draws on qualitative interviews with legal professionals in Sweden and Denmark and finds that live blogs increase reflection in professional performances stemming from an awareness of performing to a virtual audience. Surveillance thus leads to performance adjustment. Live blogs also lead to changes in professionals practices and transform the audience/participant boundary into a fluid one most notably regarding the Danish respondents in comparison to those in Sweden. The article also suggests a hierarchy of liveness with live blogs considered to be less intrusive than televised trials.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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The loyal defence lawyer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research Handbook on Law and Emotion. - 9781788119078 - 9781788119085 ; , s. 165-179
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The work of defence lawyers entails managing emotions to ensure that they remain appropriate to the situation - whether that be a criminal trial or the law offices. This demands emotional dexterity and interactional skill, not least due to the particular role of defence lawyers who work closely with clients, view gruesome evidence and who often face moral suspicion. This chapter explores the various emotions at play in defence lawyers’ role accomplishment, with particular focus on how they perform the guiding principle for their legal position, namely loyalty. All of this is made more challenging for defence lawyers as they must ensure that their performances remain suitable to the invisible regime of law which attempts to sustain an illusionary dichotomy between rationality and professionalism on the one hand, and emotionality on the other. In this chapter the ways in which defence lawyers in Sweden manage their emotions to loyally represent their clients are therefore shown by presenting interview material from lawyers and ethnographic fieldnotes from criminal trials.
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| 28. |
- Flower, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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The Loyal Defense Lawyer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research Handbook of Law and Emotion. - 9781788119078
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 29. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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The problem of open justice and live blogging from criminal trials
- 2022
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Ingår i: ; , s. 46-46
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Live blogging from criminal trials entails journalists publishing detailed depictions of interactions and individuals from inside the courtroom - in real-time - on news websites. This digital practice thus opens up legal proceedings to a legal public beyond the courtroom walls. Whilst live blogging may enable a higher degree of insight into the legal sphere - central to Bentham's notion of open justice - meaning that legal procedures and documents are accessible and transparent as is central to our democracy - this contemporary digital practice entails currently unexplored risks which are discussed in this paper.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Flower, Lisa
(författare)
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The (un)emotional law student
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion. - 1740-8938. ; 6:3, s. 295-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectivity is central to many professions, ensuring legitimacy via impartiality and the detachment of emotional involvement. This article conducts an analysis of the emotion talk about objectivity in order to reveal and re-attach the emotions involved. This is achieved by determining how objectivity is presented in a profession viewed to be particularly objective namely the legal profession. Thereafter the article targets the ways in which this construction of objectivity is discussed by those learning to become legal professionals, with the focal point on emotions. The results indicate an on-going reconstruction of an emotional regime of objectivity using discursive emotion management strategies which create distance from emotions. A new paralingustic marker is also identified: the emotional sniff. Emotions and emotion work are thus seen by law students as central to legal work. This article contributes to filling the current gap in literature regarding how objectivity and emotions are regarded in legal education.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Flower, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Video Links and Eyework
- 2023
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Ingår i: Courtroom Ethnography : Contemporary Approaches, Fieldwork and Challenges - Contemporary Approaches, Fieldwork and Challenges. - 9783031379840 ; , s. 111-128
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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