| 1. |
- Craddock, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of CNVs in 16,000 cases of eight common diseases and 3,000 shared controls
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 464:7289, s. 713-720
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copy number variants (CNVs) account for a major proportion of human genetic polymorphism and have been predicted to have an important role in genetic susceptibility to common disease. To address this we undertook a large, direct genome-wide study of association between CNVs and eight common human diseases. Using a purpose-designed array we typed,19,000 individuals into distinct copy-number classes at 3,432 polymorphic CNVs, including an estimated similar to 50% of all common CNVs larger than 500 base pairs. We identified several biological artefacts that lead to false-positive associations, including systematic CNV differences between DNAs derived from blood and cell lines. Association testing and follow-up replication analyses confirmed three loci where CNVs were associated with disease-IRGM for Crohn's disease, HLA for Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, and TSPAN8 for type 2 diabetes-although in each case the locus had previously been identified in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based studies, reflecting our observation that most common CNVs that are well-typed on our array are well tagged by SNPs and so have been indirectly explored through SNP studies. We conclude that common CNVs that can be typed on existing platforms are unlikely to contribute greatly to the genetic basis of common human diseases.
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| 2. |
- Beers, Timothy C., et al.
(författare)
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Broadband UBVRCIC photometry of horizontal-branch and metal-poor candidates from the HK and Hamburg/ESO surveys. I.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 168:1, s. 128-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report broadband UBV and/or BVRCIC CCD photometry for a total of 1857 stars in the thick-disk and halo populations of the Galaxy. The majority of our targets were selected as candidate field horizontal-branch or other A-type stars (FHB/ A, N = 576), or candidate low-metallicity stars (N = 1221), from the HK and Hamburg/ESO objective-prism surveys. Similar data for a small number of additional stars from other samples are also reported. These data are being used for several purposes. In the case of the FHB/ A candidates they are used to accurately separate the lower gravity FHB stars from various higher gravity A-type stars, a subsample that includes the so-called blue metal poor stars, halo and thick-disk blue stragglers, main-sequence A-type dwarfs, and Am and Ap stars. These data are also being used to derive photometric distance estimates to high-velocity hydrogen clouds in the Galaxy and for improved measurements of the mass of the Galaxy. Photometric data for the metal-poor candidates are being used to refine estimates of stellar metallicity for objects with available medium-resolution spectroscopy, to obtain distance estimates for kinematic analyses, and to establish initial estimates of effective temperature for analysis of high-resolution spectroscopy of the stars for which this information now exists.
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| 3. |
- Flynn, Chris, et al.
(författare)
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White dwarfs and Galactic dark matter
- 2003
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2966 .- 0035-8711. ; 339:3, s. 817-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the recent discovery by Oppenheimer et al. of old, cool white dwarf stars, which may be the first direct detection of Galactic halo dark matter. We argue here that the contribution of more mundane white dwarfs of the stellar halo and thick disc would contribute sufficiently to explain the new high velocity white dwarfs without invoking putative white dwarfs of the dark halo. This by no means rules out that dark matter has been found, but it does constrain the overall contribution by white dwarfs brighter than MR
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Holopainen, Janne, et al.
(författare)
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An analytical model of surface mass densities of cold dark matter haloes - with an application to MACHO microlensing optical depths
- 2008
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 383:2, s. 720-728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cold dark matter (CDM) scenario generically predicts the existence of triaxial dark matter haloes which contain notable amounts of substructure. However, analytical halo models with smooth, spherically symmetric density profiles are routinely adopted in the modelling of light propagation effects through such objects. In this paper, we address the biases introduced by this procedure by comparing the surface mass densities of actual N-body haloes against the widely used analytical model suggested by Navarro, Frenk and White (NFW). We conduct our analysis in the redshift range of 0.0-1.5. In cluster-sized haloes, we find that triaxiality can cause scatter in the surface mass density of the haloes up to sigma(+) = +60 per cent and sigma(-) = -70 per cent, where the 1 sigma limits are relative to the analytical NFW model given value. Subhaloes can increase this scatter to sigma(+) = +70 per cent and sigma(-) = -80 per cent. In galaxy-sized haloes, the triaxial scatter can be as high as sigma(+) = +80 per cent and sigma(-) = -70 per cent, and with subhaloes the values can change to sigma(+) = +40 per cent and sigma(-) = -80 per cent. We present an analytical model for the surface mass density scatter as a function of distance to the halo centre, halo redshift and halo mass. The analytical description enables one to investigate the reliability of results obtained with simplified halo models. Additionally, it provides the means to add simulated surface density scatter to analytical density profiles. As an example, we discuss the impact of our results on the calculation of microlensing optical depths for massive astrophysical compact halo objects in CDM haloes.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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GLOBAL LEADERSHIP: Book 16 - THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS INTERACTION SERIES
- 2024
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Leadership is complex, and leadership in a global business is no less complex. To a great extent, the challenge in leadership is to look at what requirements the specific management task poses, and what opportunities it creates, and to be aware of what expectations and ideas are present, for example in the form of cultural values within a given organization. Greater complexity and variation in approaches, work in multiple geographical locations and new and changing demands on the work make it necessary to be able to orientate yourself in what leadership can be and how leadership can be perceived differently, to find a constructive and creative way to perform various leadership tasks. In this book, we present some of the leadership theories and approaches that have dominated research and literature on leadership over the past 50 years.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Zackrisson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Are the Red Halos of Galaxies Made of Low-Mass Stars? Constraints from Subdwarf Star Counts in the Milky Way Halo
- 2008
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 687:1, s. 242-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface photometry detections of red and exceedingly faint halos around galaxies have resurrected the old question of whether some nonnegligible fraction of the missing baryons of the universe could be hiding in the form of faint, hydrogen-burning stars. The optical/near-infrared colors of these red halos have proved very difficult to reconcile with any normal type of stellar population, but can, in principle, be explained by advocating a bottom-heavy stellar initial mass function. This implies a high stellar mass-to-light ratio and hence a substantial baryonic mass locked up in such halos. Here we explore the constraints imposed by current observations of ordinary stellar halo subdwarfs on a putative red halo of low-mass stars around the Milky Way. Assuming structural parameters similar to those of the red halo recently detected in stacked images of external disk galaxies, we find that a smooth halo component with a bottom-heavy initial mass function is completely ruled out by current star count data for the Milky Way. All viable smooth red halo models with a density slope even remotely similar to that of the stacked halo moreover contain far too little mass to have any bearing on the missing-baryon problem. However, we note that these constraints can be sidestepped if the red halo stars are locked up in star clusters, and we discuss potential observations of other nearby galaxies that may be able to put such scenarios to the test.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Zackrisson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The Red Halos of Disk Galaxies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Formation and Evolution of Galaxy Disks. ; , s. 229-230
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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