| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Barthel, Stephan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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History and local management of a biodiversity-rich, urban cultural landscape
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - : The Resilience Alliance. - 1708-3087. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban green spaces provide socially valuable ecosystem services. Through an historical analysis of the development of the National Urban Park (NUP) of Stockholm, we illustrate how the coevolutionary process of humans and nature has resulted in the high level of biological diversity and associated recreational services found in the park. The ecological values of the area are generated in the cultural landscape. External pressures resulting in urban sprawl in the Stockholm metropolitan region increasingly challenge the capacity of the NUP to continue to generate valuable ecosystem services. Setting aside protected areas, without accounting for the role of human stewardship of the cultural landscape, will most likely fail. In a social inventory of the area, we identify 69 local user and interest groups currently involved in the NUP area. Of these, 25 are local stewardship associations that have a direct role in managing habitats within the park that sustain such services as recreational landscapes, seed dispersal, and pollination. We propose that incentives should be created to widen the current biodiversity management paradigm, and actively engage local stewardship associations in adaptive co-management processes of the park and surrounding green spaces. Copyright © 2005 by the author(s). Published here under license by the Resilience Alliance.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Björk, Folke, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of thermal insulation materials during extreme environment changes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 23:6, s. 2189-2195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this experimental study properties of condense formation, drainage and moisture dependent heat transmittance were studied for three different thermal insulation materials often used in railway carriages; glass wool (from Isover), melamine foam (Basotect) and corrugated sheets of cellulose plastics (Moniflex). The materials are quite different with respect to condense formation and maximal moisture accumulation at similar environmental conditions. They showed also considerable differences in moistures' influence on thermal transmissivity. The higher the moisture accumulation, the bigger the moistures' influence on thermal transmissivity at steady state. At a sudden reversion of the temperature field the moisture gave a temporary effect of even higher heat transmission for 1-2 h.
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| 5. |
- Colding, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Social institutions in ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Tropical Ecology. - 0564-3295. ; 44:1, s. 25-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This synthesis addresses local institutions and associated management practices related to natural resources and ecosystem dynamics, with an emphasis on traditional ecological knowledge systems. Traditional practices for ecosystem management include multiple species management, resource rotation, ecological monitoring, succession management, landscape patchiness management and practices of responding to and managing pulses and ecological surprises. There exist practices that seem to reduce social-ecological crises in the events of large-scale natural disturbance such as creating small-scale ecosystem renewal cycles, spreading risks and nurturing sources of ecosystem reorganization and renewal. Ecological knowledge and monitoring among local groups appears to be a key element in the development of many of the practices. The practices are linked to social mechanisms such as flexible user rights and land tenure; adaptations for the generation, accumulation and transmission of ecological knowledge; dynamics of institutions; mechanisms for cultural internalization of traditional practices; and associated worldviews and cultural values. We dive deeper into the role of informal social institutions in resource management, such as many taboo systems. We find that taboos may contribute to the conservation of habitats, local subsistence resources and 'threatened', 'endemic' and 'keystone' species, although some may run contrary to conservation and notions of sustainability. It is asserted that under certain circumstances, informal institutions may offer advantages relative to formal measures of conservation. These benefits include non-costly, voluntary compliance features. Since management of ecosystems is associated with uncertainty about their spatial and temporal dynamics and due to incomplete knowledge about such dynamics, local management practices and associated institutions may provide useful 'rules of thumb' for resource management with an ability to confer resilience and tighten environmental feedbacks of resource exploitation to local levels.
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| 6. |
- Henricson, Joakim, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo dose-response analysis to acetylcholine : pharmacodynamic assessment by polarized reflectance spectroscopy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - London, United Kingdom : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transdermal iontophoresis offers an in vivo alternative to the strain-gauge model for measurement of vascular function but is limited due to lack of technical solutions for outcome assessment. The aims of this study were to, after measurement by polarized reflectance spectroscopy (PRS), use pharmacodynamic dose-response analysis on responses to different concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh); and to examine the effect of three consecutively administered iontophoretic current pulses. The vascular responses in 15 healthy volunteers to iontophorised ACh (5 concentrations, range 0.0001% to 1%, three consecutive pulses of 0.02 mA for 10 min each) were recorded using PRS. Data were fitted to a four-parameter logistic dose response model and compared. Vascular responses were quantifiable by PRS. Similar pharmacodynamic dose response curves could be generated irrespectively of the ACh concentration. Linearly increasing maximum vasodilatory responses were registered with increasing concentration of ACh. A limited linear dose effect of the concentration of ACh was seen between pulses. Polarized reflectance spectroscopy is well suited for measuring vascular responses to iontophoretically administrated ACh. The results of this study support further development of iontophoresis as a method to study vascular function and pharmacological responses in vivo.
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| 7. |
- Riise, Gerdt C., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of cytomegalovirus DNA in BAL fluid: a longitudinal study in lung transplant recipients
- 2000
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Ingår i: Chest. - 0012-3692. ; 118:6, s. 1653-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVES: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common in patients receiving solid organ transplants, and it is associated with increased morbidity as well as risk for development of chronic rejection. A rapid and sensitive diagnostic method would improve the therapeutic management of CMV infection, including the monitoring of treatment effects. We investigated whether longitudinal determinations of CMV DNA quantities in BAL fluid could be useful for this purpose. DESIGN: CMV DNA levels in 340 BAL samples from 35 consecutive lung transplant recipients were studied during a median of 18 months. Seventeen (49%) of the patients developed CMV disease with pneumonitis. Twenty-seven CMV disease episodes were diagnosed. RESULTS: Patients with CMV disease had a significantly higher mean level of CMV copies per milliliter BAL fluid (1,120 +/- 4,379) compared with those without (180 +/- 1,177, p < 0.01). Viral load as well as acute rejection requiring treatment (>/= A2) were independent risk factors associated with CMV disease. Differences between the groups concerning HLA-DR matching, basic immunosuppressive therapy, and CMV serologic status D/R -/+ vs D/R +/+ were not significant. A diagnostic definition of normality based on the mean level of all episodes without CMV disease +2 SD would discriminate only 9 of the 27 CMV episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Although the viral load is increased during episodes of clinical CMV disease in lung transplant recipients, the quantitative PCR assessment of CMV DNA in BAL fluid is not discriminative enough to be useful as a diagnostic tool for CMV disease.
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| 8. |
- Ruggeri, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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The general fault in our fault lines
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3374. ; 5:10, s. 1369-1380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pervading global narratives suggest that political polarization is increasing, yet the accuracy of such group meta-perceptions has been drawn into question. A recent US study suggests that these beliefs are inaccurate and drive polarized beliefs about out-groups. However, it also found that informing people of inaccuracies reduces those negative beliefs. In this work, we explore whether these results generalize to other countries. To achieve this, we replicate two of the original experiments with 10,207 participants across 26 countries. We focus on local group divisions, which we refer to as fault lines. We find broad generalizability for both inaccurate meta-perceptions and reduced negative motive attribution through a simple disclosure intervention. We conclude that inaccurate and negative group meta-perceptions are exhibited in myriad contexts and that informing individuals of their misperceptions can yield positive benefits for intergroup relations. Such generalizability highlights a robust phenomenon with implications for political discourse worldwide.
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| 9. |
- Strömberg, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal and spatiotemporal variability in comprehensive forearm skin microcirculation assessment during occlusion protocols
- 2017
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Ingår i: Microvascular Research. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0026-2862 .- 1095-9319. ; 113, s. 50-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forearm skin hyperemia during release after brachial occlusion has been proposed for evaluating peripheral arterial disease and endothelial dysfunction. We used a novel fiberoptic system integrating Laser Doppler Flowmetry and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy for a comprehensive pointwise model based microcirculation characterization. The aim was to evaluate and compare the temporal and the spatiotemporal variabilities in forearm skin microcirculation parameters (speed resolved perfusion; low speed amp;lt; 1 mm/s, Perf(SR),(amp;lt; 1); mid-speed 1-10 mm/s, high speed amp;gt; 10 mm/s, and total perfusion (Perf(SR),(tot)); the concentration and oxygenation of red blood cells, C-RBC and S-O2). Ten healthy subjects underwent arterial and venous forearm occlusions (AO, VO), repeated within one week. The repeatability was calculated as the coefficient of variation (CV) and the agreement as the intra-class correlation co-efficient (ICC). The temporal CVs for conventional perfusion, Perf(conv), Perf(SR),(tot), C-RBC and S-O2 were 14%, 12%, 9% and 9%, respectively, while the ICC were amp;gt; 0.75 (excellent). The perfusion measures generally had a higher spatiotemporal than temporal variability, which was not the case for S-O2 and C-RBC. The corresponding spatiotemporal CVs were 33%, 32%, 18% and 15%, respectively. During VO, C-RBC had a CV amp;lt; 35% and ICC amp;gt; 0.40 (fair-good), and after release this was the case for C-RBC (AO and VO), S-O2 (VO) and Perf(SR), (amp;lt; 1) (VO). In conclusion, the skin microcirculation parameters showed excellent temporal repeatability, while the spatiotemporal repeatability especially for perfusion was poorer. The parameters with acceptable repeatability and fair-good agreement were: C-RBC during and after release of VO, the Perf(SR), (amp;lt; 1) after release of VO, the S-O2 and the C-RBC after release of AO. However, the value of these parameters in discriminating endothelial function remains to be studied. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Vrána, Tomáš, et al.
(författare)
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A laboratory equipment for the study of moisture processes in thermal insulation materials when placed in a temperature field
- 2008
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Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 22:12, s. 2335-2344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper was to describe design and use of a laboratory set-up that makes a very well controlled moisture load to detect material properties of thermal insulation materials. The outer shell of the set-up is a plastic box with thermal insulation on its outer side. This box is placed on a balance for recording of weight loss of the entire system. The sample to be tested is placed on top of this box. The inside of the box is heated electrically and the air circulation is driven by a fan. There is a water reservoir in the box, which is also placed on a balance in order to record the amount of moisture added to the air in the box. To obtain the highest moisture contents it was found necessary to use a wick in the reservoir that increases transport of moisture to the air in the box. The whole set-up was placed in a climate chamber in order to get well controlled temperature and moisture content for the outside of the box. In this way, well controlled gradients of temperature and moisture content in air were achieved around the specimen. The set-up was found to function well and was in this study useful for measurement of the samples moisture resistance factor.
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| 11. |
- Vrána, Tomáš, 1978-
(författare)
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Condensation and frost formation in fibrous thermal-insulation materials
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Heavily insulated constructions are at present being used to strike at the vast energy consumption in residential buildings and commercial alike. They introduce a high-thickness layer of thermal insulation in the building envelopes. Such constructions have great moisture capacity and could be at risk due to moisture leakages and other moisture related problems connected to bad design, climate effects, extended construction period to late autumn and winter seasons and mishandle of building materials. Thermal-insulation materials based on stone wool and cellulose are commonly used in a wide range of applications that harness their high thermal-insulation properties. Both these materials could be fault-prone due to their fibrous structure in case of moisture problems – e.g. built-in moisture, annually repeating condensation and frost formation in the cold climates. The aim of this research was to observe the stone-wool and cellulose specimens in various temperature fields under extreme moisture load and to explore the issue of moisture transport and real moisture properties of the tested materials when condensation and frost formation occur. A special testing device, Thermobox, was constructed and the fibrous samples were exposed to temperature gradients simulating real conditions. The climate data as well as the moisture-transport data were registered. They were used in calculations of moisture resistance factor, µ, denoting permeability of the tested samples in the defined moist conditions. Following the laboratory measurements, a mathematical simulation was done to compare total moisture accumulation in the specimens with the practical measurements and to be able to simulate these processes in a longer time interval. Besides, a special outdoor experiment concerning the effect of outdoor climate on the stone-wool structure was executed. Final research findings proved that the phenomenon of frost formation can exist in the fibrous insulation materials. Moisture transport properties of stone wool and cellulose were affected by the extreme water condensation and freezing, but they remained highly permeable. As regards the moisture storage in the samples, this process was continuous during the tested period and it indicated significant growth of the total water accumulation in connection with dry densities of the tested materials. This emphasises the importance of proper handling with the fibrous thermal-insulation materials and keeping them dry.
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| 12. |
- Vrána, Tomáš, et al.
(författare)
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Frost formation and condensation in stone-wool insulants
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries. ; , s. 473-480
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Practical experience from building sites show evidence of negative effects of moisture condensation oninsulating materials with fibrous structure. Condensed moisture, as well as moisture trapped in thermalinsulation during construction, can results in serious reduction of thermal properties and, in consequence,systemic upset of living qualities in dwellings. It can also result in increased dust contamination, algae or mouldgrowth and structural damages due to a frost formation of condensate happening in winter periods. This contribution reports on a laboratory experiment aimed at growth of frost formation and moisturecondensation in stone wool opened to air for specific temperature fields (+20; -20ºC), (+20; -15ºC), (+20; -10ºC) over stone-wool specimens with varying density during a testing period that lasted 100 hours. Air on thewarm side was saturated with moisture. In the part facing the warm humid air condensate formation occurred,while frost accumulated with time in the part of the specimen facing the cold air. Transition between frost andliquid condensate was clearer in the stone-wool specimens of higher density and for tests with broadertemperature fields. Moisture resistance factor μ, a basic moisture characteristic of an insulating material, alsohad an upward trend for broader temperature intervals. Deeper knowledge about the phenomenon of frost formation in stone wool can help to insight into actualproblems in the building sector resulting from usage of thermal insulations with high thicknesses.
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| 13. |
- Vrána, Tomáš, et al.
(författare)
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Frost formation and condensation in stone-wool insulants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Construction and building materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618. ; 23, s. 1775-1787
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on a laboratory experiment concerning frost formation and moisture condensation in fibrous insulation based on stone–wool. Frost formation in samples of stone–wool open to air was noted in cases when temperature field over the specimen was between +20 and −20 °C and air on the warm side was saturated with moisture. Frost accumulated with time in the part of the specimen facing the cold air. In the part of the specimen facing the warm humid air condense formation occurred. In this part the material had moisture content considerably higher than what could be anticipated from data such as moisture isotherms. Border between frost and liquid condensate was quite sharp in the specimens of higher density. Moisture content mass by mass has an upward trend with decreasing density of the material sample. Moisture resistance factor was found to be quite high at these circumstances. Reason for this is not clear.
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| 14. |
- Vrána, Tomás
(författare)
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Impact of moisture on long term performance of insulating products based on stone wool
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Demands for energy have been increasing in the whole world. According to higher consumption, the price of energy rises yearly too. This evokes usage of insulating products in a wider range. By adding insulation, we lower the amount of energy needed to heat our homes, resulting in fewer associated greenhouse gas emissions and a lower monthly heating bill. Savings depend on insulation thicknesses and on conditions, in which the insulant is kept. Mineral insulation based on stone wool is also a member of building insulants that defends buildings and constructions against temperature changes of the ambient. However, even when we use modern technologies and building techniques to reduce high energy losses, we can never provide unimpeachable protection of stone wool from damage. During a construction process on a building site or at fast climate changes, it often happens that stone wool is exposed to rain precipitaions or other climate effets. This brings water to the insulating structure. Besides the loss of insulating qualities, the stone wool is left permanently wet. Even the fibres of stone wool are inorganic, they still can be attacked by degradation processes due to organic agents fixing fibres together. Analysis of damaged flat-roof constructions using stone wool and verification of material properties is a starting point of this licentiate thesis. The attached paper section can be divided into two parts: In-situ practice that notes troubles with insulating materials based on stone wool with inbuilt moisture on a building site Laboratory measurement that observe material properties of stone wool under varying conditions
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| 15. |
- Wu, Tong, et al.
(författare)
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Triple Bottom Line or Trilemma? Global Tradeoffs Between Prosperity, Inequality, and the Environment
- 2024
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Ingår i: World Development. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key aim of sustainable development is the joint achievement of prosperity, equality, and environmental integrity: in other words, material living standards that are high, broadly -distributed, and low -impact. This has often been called the triple bottom line. But instead, what if there is a trilemmathat inhibits the simultaneous achievement of these three goals? We analysed international patterns and trends in the relationships between per -capita gross national income, the Gini coefficient for income distribution, and per -capita ecological footprint from 1995 to 2017, benchmarking them against thresholds from the existing literature. A dynamicanalysis of the trajectories of 59 countries and a staticanalysis of a larger sample of 140 countries found that none met the triple bottom line, and that instead there were widespread tradeoffs among the three indicators. These tradeoffs, leading to divergent national trajectories and country clusters, show that common pair -wise explanations such as Kuznets Curves do not adequately capture important development dynamics. In particular, while only a few countries simultaneously met the thresholds for prosperity and equality on the one hand and equality and environment on the other, none did for prosperity and environment. Moreover, inequality likely makes resolving this critical tradeoff more difficult. Our findings suggest that mitigating the sustainability trilemma may require countries - especially those that are already prosperous - to prioritize economic redistribution and environmental stewardship over further growth.
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