| 1. |
- Johnson, Randi K., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolite-related dietary patterns and the development of islet autoimmunity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of diet in type 1 diabetes development is poorly understood. Metabolites, which reflect dietary response, may help elucidate this role. We explored metabolomics and lipidomics differences between 352 cases of islet autoimmunity (IA) and controls in the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study. We created dietary patterns reflecting pre-IA metabolite differences between groups and examined their association with IA. Secondary outcomes included IA cases positive for multiple autoantibodies (mAb+). The association of 853 plasma metabolites with outcomes was tested at seroconversion to IA, just prior to seroconversion, and during infancy. Key compounds in enriched metabolite sets were used to create dietary patterns reflecting metabolite composition, which were then tested for association with outcomes in the nested case-control subset and the full TEDDY cohort. Unsaturated phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylethanolamines, glucosylceramides, and phospholipid ethers in infancy were inversely associated with mAb+ risk, while dicarboxylic acids were associated with an increased risk. An infancy dietary pattern representing higher levels of unsaturated phosphatidylcholines and phospholipid ethers, and lower sphingomyelins was protective for mAb+ in the nested case-control study only. Characterization of this high-risk infant metabolomics profile may help shape the future of early diagnosis or prevention efforts. © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 2. |
- Krischer, Jeffrey P, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting Islet Cell Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes : An 8-Year TEDDY Study Progress Report
- 2019
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 42:6, s. 1051-1060
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the predictive power of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY)-identified risk factors for islet autoimmunity (IA), the type of autoantibody appearing first, and type 1 diabetes (T1D).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 7,777 children were followed from birth to a median of 9.1 years of age for the development of islet autoantibodies and progression to T1D. Time-dependent sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to provide estimates of their individual and collective ability to predict IA and T1D.RESULTS: HLA genotype (DR3/4 vs. others) was the best predictor for IA (Youden's index J = 0.117) and single nucleotide polymorphism rs2476601, in PTPN22, was the best predictor for insulin autoantibodies (IAA) appearing first (IAA-first) (J = 0.123). For GAD autoantibodies (GADA)-first, weight at 1 year was the best predictor (J = 0.114). In a multivariate model, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.678 (95% CI 0.655, 0.701), 0.707 (95% CI 0.676, 0.739), and 0.686 (95% CI 0.651, 0.722) for IA, IAA-first, and GADA-first, respectively, at 6 years. The AUC of the prediction model for T1D at 3 years after the appearance of multiple autoantibodies reached 0.706 (95% CI 0.649, 0.762).CONCLUSIONS: Prediction modeling statistics are valuable tools, when applied in a time-until-event setting, to evaluate the ability of risk factors to discriminate between those who will and those who will not get disease. Although significantly associated with IA and T1D, the TEDDY risk factors individually contribute little to prediction. However, in combination, these factors increased IA and T1D prediction substantially.
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| 3. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 2012
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 366:5, s. 433-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that alum-formulated GAD65 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.METHODS: We studied 334 patients, 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum GAD65 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a mixed-meal tolerance test) between the baseline visit and the 15-month visit. Secondary outcomes included the glycated hemoglobin level, mean daily insulin dose, rate of hypoglycemia, and fasting and maximum stimulated C-peptide levels.RESULTS: The stimulated C-peptide level declined to a similar degree in all study groups, and the primary outcome at 15 months did not differ significantly between the combined active-drug groups and the placebo group (P=0.10). The use of GAD-alum as compared with placebo did not affect the insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin level, or hypoglycemia rate. Adverse events were infrequent and mild in the three groups, with no significant differences.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with GAD-alum did not significantly reduce the loss of stimulated C peptide or improve clinical outcomes over a 15-month period.
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| 4. |
- Dekker, Joost, et al.
(författare)
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Definition and Characteristics of Behavioral Medicine, and Main Tasks and Goals of the International Society of Behavioral Medicine : an International Delphi Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - New York : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 28:3, s. 268-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the past decades, behavioral medicine has attained global recognition. Due to its global reach, a critical need has emerged to consider whether the original definition of behavioral medicine is still valid, comprehensive, and inclusive, and to reconsider the main tasks and goals of the International Society of Behavioral Medicine (ISBM), as the umbrella organization in the field. The purpose of the present study was to (i) update the definition and scope of behavioral medicine and its defining characteristics; and (ii) develop a proposal on ISBM's main tasks and goals.Method: Our study used the Delphi method. A core group prepared a discussion paper. An international Delphi panel rated questions and provided comments. The panel intended to reach an a priori defined level of consensus (i.e., 70%).Results: The international panel reached consensus on an updated definition and scope of behavioral medicine as a field of research and practice that builds on collaboration among multiple disciplines. These disciplines are concerned with development and application of behavioral and biomedical evidence across the disease continuum in clinical and public health domains. Consensus was reached on a proposal for ISBM's main tasks and goals focused on supporting communication and collaboration across disciplines and participating organizations; stimulating research, education, and practice; and supporting individuals and organizations in the field.Conclusion: The consensus on definition and scope of behavioral medicine and ISBM's tasks and goals provides a foundational step toward achieving these goals.
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| 5. |
- Al-Taai, Nameer, et al.
(författare)
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Craniofacial changes from 13 to 62 years of age
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 44:5, s. 556-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In long-term studies of orthodontic, orthognathic, and prosthodontic treatments, control subjects are needed for comparison. Objectives To study the craniofacial (skeletal, soft tissue, and dental) changes that occur in untreated subjects with normal occlusion between 13 and 62 years of age. Materials/Methods Thirty subjects with a Class I normal occlusion and harmonious facial profile were studied. X-ray examinations were performed at 13 (T1), 16 (T2), 31 (T3), and 62 (T4) years of age, and data were obtained from cephalograms. In total, 53 angular and linear parameters were measured using superimposition-based and conventional cephalometric methods to describe the craniofacial changes. Results The jaws showed significant anterior growth from T1 to T2, and significant retrognathism from T3 to T4. The anterior face height and jaw dimensions increased significantly until T3. Significant posterior rotation of the mandible and opening of the vertical jaw relation, in addition to significant retroclination of the incisors and straightening of the facial profile, were found from T3 to T4. Limitations Given the small sample size at T4, it was not possible to analyse the gender dimension. Conclusions/Implications Craniofacial changes continue up to the sixth decade of life. These changes are consistent, albeit to a lesser extent, with the adolescent growth patterns for most of the studied parameters, with the exceptions of incisor inclination, sagittal jaw position, vertical jaw relation and inclination, and posterior face height.
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| 6. |
- Alme, Tomas Nordheim, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic fatigue syndromes: real illnesses that people can recover from
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 41:4, s. 372-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Oslo Chronic Fatigue Consortium consists of researchers and clinicians who question the current narrative that chronic fatigue syndromes, including post-covid conditions, are incurable diseases. Instead, we propose an alternative view, based on research, which offers more hope to patients. Whilst we regard the symptoms of these conditions as real, we propose that they are more likely to reflect the brains response to a range of biological, psychological, and social factors, rather than a specific disease process. Possible causes include persistent activation of the neurobiological stress response, accompanied by associated changes in immunological, hormonal, cognitive and behavioural domains. We further propose that the symptoms are more likely to persist if they are perceived as threatening, and all activities that are perceived to worsen them are avoided. We also question the idea that the best way to cope with the illness is by prolonged rest, social isolation, and sensory deprivation.Instead, we propose that recovery is often possible if patients are helped to adopt a less threatening understanding of their symptoms and are supported in a gradual return to normal activities. Finally, we call for a much more open and constructive dialogue about these conditions. This dialogue should include a wider range of views, including those of patients who have recovered from them.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bell, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Individual and neighborhood risk factors of hospital admission and death during the COVID-19 pandemic : a population-based cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionately affects minority populations in the USA. Sweden — like other Nordic countries — have less income and wealth inequality but lacks data on the socioeconomic impact on the risk of adverse outcomes due to COVID-19.Methods: This population-wide study from March 2020 to March 2022 included all adults in Stockholm, except those in nursing homes or receiving in-home care. Data sources include hospitals, primary care (individual diagnoses), the Swedish National Tax Agency (death dates), the Total Population Register “RTB” (sex, age, birth country), the Household Register (size of household), the Integrated Database For Labor Market Research “LISA” (educational level, income, and occupation), and SmiNet (COVID data). Individual exposures include education, income, type of work and ability to work from home, living area and living conditions as well as the individual country of origin and co-morbidities. Additionally, we have data on the risks associated with living areas. We used a Cox proportional hazards model and logistic regression to estimate associations. Area-level covariates were used in a principal component analysis to generate a measurement of neighborhood deprivation. As outcomes, we used hospitalization and death due to COVID-19.Results: Among the 1,782,125 persons, male sex, comorbidities, higher age, and not being born in Sweden increase the risk of hospitalization and death. So does lower education and lower income, the lowest incomes doubled the risk of death from COVID-19. Area estimates, where the model includes individual risks, show that high population density and a high percentage of foreign-born inhabitants increased the risk of hospitalization.Conclusions: Segregation and deprivation are public health issues elucidated by COVID-19. Neighborhood deprivation, prevalent in Stockholm, adds to individual risks and is associated with hospitalization and death. This finding is paramount for governments, agencies, and healthcare institutions interested in targeted interventions.
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| 9. |
- Bencker, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Common demanding conditions among professional high-level military and sport leaders : a cross-contextual qualitative reflexive thematic analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 2596-741X. ; 4:1, s. 27-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Military and sport have attracted increased research interest separately as two distinctly demanding performance- and leadership-driven contexts. However, cross-contextual psychological research in leadership is lacking. Such research has potential to expose unique cross-fertilising insights into resemblances in leadership challenges among military and sport leaders, transferable to a broader range of contexts. Thus, the current study simultaneously explored high-level military and sport leaders’ real-life experiences of similarities in demanding conditions and their psychological manifestations. Sixteen participants - eight Swedish high-level military leaders and eight Swedish high-level sport leaders, participated in the study. Using a qualitative inductive cross-contextual design enabled in-depth knowledge and transferability. A reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) of sixteen interview transcripts generated four common themes of demanding conditions: (1) Developing organisations: Leading under an extensive workload and responsibility, (2) Managing destructive superiors and subordinates: Standing up for oneself, (3) Taking care of the minds and moods of others: Leading deliberated difficult conversations, and (4) Periods of extreme concentration: Leading critical coordination, decisions, and timing. The findings tie high-level military and sports leaders together into a high-stress and high-stakes leader role invoked to manoeuvre a complex buildup of demanding conditions. Implications are presented.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bergkvist, John, et al.
(författare)
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Maintenance and enhancement of forest ecosystem services: a non-industrial private forest owner perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Forest Research. - 1612-4669 .- 1612-4677.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition to a fossil-free society in Sweden is expected to cause an increased demand for forest-derived products which may intensify existing conflicts between forest ecosystem services. This study investigated the preferences among non-industrial private forest owners for maintaining multiple forest ecosystem services and their preferences for future forest development. The findings were related to their prioritizations for and knowledge of forest management. The study results were generated through the means of a survey which revealed a consistent high valuation among all respondents of ecosystem services relating to water quality, timber quality, recreation, and biodiversity. A majority of the respondents desired increasing proportions of mixed species and broadleaved stands within the future forest landscape. Certified forest owners who were members of a forest owner association (CMs) prioritized achieving high economic income through roundwood production with strong preferences for the ecosystem services high stand growth and high timber quality. For CMs, carbon substitution was the preferred means of mitigating climate change. Forest owners lacking both certification and membership in a forest owner association ranked the ecosystem services recreation and biodiversity significantly higher, and also preferred retaining more old forest within the landscape. The survey results revealed a higher management activity among CMs, resulting in a more frequent establishment of mixed and broadleaved stands. Forest owners with medium to large scale properties were well-represented within the CM category. The results indicated that while the CMs have stronger preferences for roundwood production compared to owners of small properties, they are also more likely to have taken adaptive measures favoring risk management and biodiversity.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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Dark Sides of Organizational Behavior and Leadership
- 2019
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, scholars have focused more on the "dark sides of leadership." Both the negative and positive aspects of the relationship between leaders and followers are considered. But the relationship between leaders and followers is also influenced by the context in which the relationship occurs. Organizational aspects such as culture and structures are studied in relation to how negative leadership develops. Organizations, just like humans, are able to develop justifications for their actions, to self-aggrandize by claiming their exclusivity. In this book, the dark sides of organizational behaviors and leadership are considered from different aspects and contexts. The book contributes knowledge of how negative leadership develops, what part organizational structures play, and what the consequences are for the leader, the subordinates and the organization.
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| 14. |
- Darr, Wendy, et al.
(författare)
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Defining integrity : An approach and military application
- 2022
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Ingår i: Military Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0899-5605 .- 1532-7876. ; 34:5, s. 591-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personnel selection research has seen an increasing interest in integrity tests. Although these tests have been found to predict a variety of workplace criteria, a long-standing criticism of integrity tests is their criterion-focussed nature. A construct-oriented approach to integrity test development involves identifying important elements of integrity and developing content to reflect those elements. Drawing upon earlier attempts to define integrity, this paper conceptualizes integrity as a behavior, and elaborates on two definitional elements, nature of standards and their referent. Undertaking a content analysis of the high-level codes of conduct of 13 military nations, this paper illustrates the application of an approach to defining integrity for use in the military context. It includes a discussion on the operationalization of integrity for assessment purposes, highlighting considerations that must be given to all aspects of the assessment development process.
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| 15. |
- Enthoven, Paul, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Patients experiences of the BetterBack model of care for low back pain in primary care : a qualitative interview study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe patient experiences of received primary care for low back pain (LBP) according to the BetterBack Model of Care (MoC) with a focus on illness beliefs and self-management enablement. Methods: Individual interviews were conducted with 15 adults 4-14 months after receiving treatment according to the BetterBack MoC for LBP in primary care in Sweden. Data were analysed using content analysis. Results: When analysing the data, the following theme emerged; "Participant understanding of their treatment for low back pain and self-management strategies-a matter of support systems", comprising the following categories: "Knowledge translation", "Interaction and dialogue", "The health care professional support" and "Form organization". Participants experienced that they had better knowledge about their LBP and received tools to better manage their health condition. The participants expressed good communication with the treating physiotherapist and provided suggestions to further improve the treatment of LBP. Conclusions: Participants experienced that they had gained new knowledge about their health problems and after the treatment they had the tools to handle their back problems. This suggests that the BetterBack MoC may be used as a basis for a support system to provide valuable tools for self-management for patients with low back pain.
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| 16. |
- Enthoven, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Physiotherapists' experiences of implementation of the BetterBack model of care for low back pain in primary care - a focus group interview study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The BetterBack model of care (MoC), a best practice physiotherapy MoC for low back pain (LBP), was implemented in Swedish primary care to improve management of patients with LBP and provide patients with support tools to better self-manage episodes of LBP.Purpose: The objective was to describe how physiotherapists in primary care experienced the implementation of the BetterBack MoC for LBP.MethodsFocus group interviews were conducted with physiotherapists in 2018-2019, 14-18 months after the introduction of the BetterBack MoC. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: Five focus group interviews with 23 (15 female and 8 male) physiotherapists, age range 24-61 years were analyzed. A supportive organization and adaptation to the local culture, combined with health care professionals' attitudes and collaboration between physiotherapists emerged as important factors for a successful implementation and for long-term sustainability of the MoC. Physiotherapists had differing opinions if the implementation led to change in clinical practice. Improved confidence in how to manage patients with LBP was expressed by physiotherapists.Conclusions: Several barriers and facilitators influence the implementation of a best practice physiotherapy MoC for LBP in primary care, which need to be considered in future implementation and sustainability processes.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Jan R, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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SAMLIC : pilotförsöket
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Growing cities are increasing the demand for goods carrying traffic to function well with other traffic. The number of zones for unloading goods in the centre of Linköping is small compared to the number of delivery addresses and the number of goods distributors. The attendant phenomena are congestion and costs of congestion. Therefore the local network for freight forwarders in Linköping has taken the initiative to the SAMLIC project. SAMLIC stands for Coordinated Retail Distribution in Linköping City. The aim of SAMLIC is to create an economically and logistically efficient system for goods distribution that is persistent and friendly to the environment. Economic profitability is neccessary for a system with a joint venture in coordinated distribution. The savings with coordinated distribution for the freight forwarders must be of such a dimension that they find it profitable to join instead of delivering the goods by themselves. During a trial period of nine weeks in the spring of 2004 there was a coordinated distribution to the centre of Linköping. Three freight forwarders took part in this project. The experience of the trial shows that the needed number of trucks decreased by 33 %, the total time for the distribution decreased by 15-20 % and the total driving kilometers in the centre decreased by at least 50 %.
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| 18. |
- Fors, Andreas, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Person-centred care after acute coronary syndrome, from hospital to primary care - A randomised controlled trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 187, s. 693-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate if person-centred care can improve self-efficacy and facilitate return to work or prior activity level in patients after an event of acute coronary syndrome. METHOD: 199 patients with acute coronary syndrome <75years were randomly assigned to person-centred care intervention or treatment as usual and followed for 6months. In the intervention group a person-centred care process was added to treatment as usual, emphasising the patient as a partner in care. Care was co-created in collaboration between patients, physicians, registered nurses and other health care professionals and documented in a health plan. A team-based partnership across three health care levels included transparent knowledge about the disease and medical state to achieve agreed goals during recovery. Main outcome measure was a composite score of changes in general self-efficacy >/=5units, return to work or prior activity level and re-hospitalisation or death. RESULTS: The composite score showed that more patients (22.3%, n=21) improved in the intervention group at 6months compared to the control group (9.5%, n=10) (odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-6.2; P=0.015). The effect was driven by improved self-efficacy >/=5units in the intervention group. Overall general self-efficacy improved significantly more in the intervention group compared with the control group (P=0.026). There was no difference between groups on re-hospitalisation or death, return to work or prior activity level. CONCLUSION: A person-centred care approach emphasising the partnership between patients and health care professionals throughout the care chain improves general self-efficacy without causing worsening clinical events.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-
(författare)
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Destructive leadership in crisis management
- 2020
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Ingår i: Leadership & Organization Development Journal. - 0143-7739 .- 1472-5347. ; 41:4, s. 567-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to increased knowledge of destructive leadership in crisis management. The specific research questions are: (1) What types of destructive leadership behaviours can be identified in leaders in crisis management? and (2) Why are these behaviours considered destructive in this context? Design/methodology/approach About 21 informants involved in crisis management at regional, local and operational levels in Sweden were interviewed. They were selected since they had recently been involved in severe accidents and/or crises (e.g. terror attacks, forest fires). A grounded theory analysis of interview data yielded two core variables: destructive leadership behaviours, and appraisal: interpretation of leader behaviour. Findings The study identified seven different destructive leadership behaviours: four task-related and three relationship-related. Task-related behaviours primarily led to negative consequences for the task/crisis. Relationship-related behaviours have negative consequences for subordinates' job satisfaction, well-being and/or sense of meaningfulness. The paper relates the identified behaviours to existing leadership ideals within crisis management and discusses behaviours that appear to be unique for the crisis management context. Practical implications The paper highlights the fact that great crisis managers are not always good at managing relationships, which may have negative implications for crisis management in the long term. Originality/value Destructive leadership is a research field that is rapidly expanding. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the nature of destructive leadership behaviours and what makes an individual appraise a leader as destructive in crisis management.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-
(författare)
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Destruktivt ledarskap vid krishantering
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det övergripande syftet med studien var att öka kunskapen om destruktivt ledarskap i krishanteringsorganisationer. En intervjustudie genomfördes med 21 informanter från länsstyrelser, kommuner, kommunal räddningstjänst och polisen. Resultaten visar att destruktivt ledarskap kan förstås som en process som börjar med att individen tolkar ledarens beteenden som destruktiva. Det påverkar individens förmåga och motivation att utföra sitt arbete. Intensiteten i konsekvenserna av dessa upplevda destruktiva beteenden påverkas av de upplevda orsakerna till beteendet, individens coping-strategier och det stöd organisationen ger. De olika delarna i denna process diskuteras mer utförligt i rapporten i relation till krishanteringskontexten. Som exempel kan nämnas att ledare kan vara konstruktiva när det gäller lösandet av uppgiften (krisen) men destruktiva i sin relation till medarbetarna/samarbetsaktörer. I rapporten diskuteras även hur ledarskapsideal kan leda till utövandet av destruktivt ledarskap.
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| 26. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-
(författare)
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Destruktivt ledarskap vid krishantering : Ledarskapets påverkan på tillit, hälsa och prestation
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det övergripande syftet med studien var att studera destruktivt ledarskap vid krishantering. Mer specifikt att studera samband mellan destruktiva ledarbeteenden i vardagen och destruktiva ledarbeteenden under insatser vid olyckor och kriser samt samband mellan destruktiva ledarbeteenden och underställdas tillit, hälsa och prestationer.Utifrån en tidigare kvalitativ studie formulerades åtta hypoteser som undersöktes med hjälp av en enkätundersökning. Enkäten besvarades av 337 individer med erfarenhet av krishantering från kommun, länsstyrelse, polis och räddningstjänst. Resultaten visar att det framför allt är uppgiftsrelaterade, passiva destruktiva ledarskapsbeteenden som har starkast negativt samband med tillit, hälsa och prestation. Det visar på betydelsen av ledare som vågar fatta beslut och klarar av att vara handlingskraftiga både i vardagen och under osäkra och stressfylda förhållanden. Resultaten belyser också att destruktiva ledare har en negativ inverkan på underställdas förutsättningar att hantera kriser och olyckor.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Därför lämnade de Försvarsmaken : en kvantitativ studie om tidigare anställda soldater och sjömäns motivstruktur
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med studien var att studera potentiell återanställningsbarhet och motivationsstruktur hos individer som lämnat Försvarsmakten. Följande frågeställningar avsågs att besvaras: (1) Vilka faktorer påverkade individernas beslut att lämna Försvarsmakten? och (2) Vilka faktorer påverkar huruvida individen vill ta återanställning i Försvarsmakten eller ej?Med hjälp av en enkät besvarade 786 tidigare kontinuerligt tjänstgörande gruppbefäl, soldater och sjömän frågor om varför de lämnade Försvarsmakten och om deras attityd till att ta återanställning. Resultaten visar att de flesta trivdes bra under sin anställning. Vanligaste orsakerna till att lämna var brist på utveckling, missnöje över lönen, och för att påbörja civila studier/arbete. Brist på utveckling är den faktor som bäst predicerar om tidigare kontinuerligt tjänstgörande personal vill ta återanställning i Försvarsmakten eller ej.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-
(författare)
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How contextual is destructive leadership? : A comparison of how destructive leadership is perceived in usual circumstances versus crisis
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Organizational Analysis. - 1934-8835 .- 1758-8561. ; 29:1, s. 220-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study aims to investigate the differences between destructive leadership in two different contexts: crisis management and usual circumstances. The specific research questions are as follows: What is the relationship between destructive leadership behaviours in usual circumstances and destructive leadership behaviours in crisis management? Are destructive leadership behaviours in usual circumstances or in crisis management the best predictors of trust in the leader and subordinate performance? Design/methodology/approach: Questionnaire responses were obtained from 337 individuals who had experience from handling various societal crises, such as terror attacks and forest fires. The respondents represented four different organisations: municipalities, county administrative boards, the police and the emergency service. Findings: The results from the study reveal that there is a strong association between destructive leadership in usual circumstances and destructive leadership during crisis management. The study indicates that everyday leadership matters the most. It is above all behaviours in usual circumstances that show the strongest associations with trust in the leader and subordinate performance. The results also show that it is especially task-related, passive forms of destructive leadership behaviours that show the strongest association with the studied outcome variables. Research limitations/implications: Limitations related to measurements and self-reported data are discussed. Practical implications: The study emphasises the importance of paying attention to leaders' task- and strategic-oriented behaviour as well as the importance of building trusting relationships with the subordinates. Originality/value: The need for industry-specific studies of destructive leadership has been highlighted and this study contributes with knowledge from the crisis management context.
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| 31. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of IED attacks on leadership : Dealing with the invisible enemy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Res Militaris. - 2265-6294. ; 2:3, Summer/Été
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of leadership in military operations characterized by the presence of critical incidents (IED attacks). Twenty-one Swedish soldiers and officers (ranking from soldier to colonel) who had experienced IED attacks in Afghanistan during the period 2005-2008 were interviewed, and their responses were analyzed according to grounded theory methodology. A model was developed according to which the essence of military leadership immediately following an IED attack could be summarized as recapturing control over self, the group and the task. The model also illuminates the importance of selected pre-existing conditions and the leader's appraisal/ sensemaking processes. Nine leadership acts of balance were identified, including balanced grief (self), balanced focus on emotional and functional recovery (group), and balanced handling of safety versus necessary risk-taking (task).
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Job satisfaction among the new Swedish all-volunteer soldiers : Challenges for leaders of the armed forces
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Armed forces has been transformed to an all-volunteer force where the first soldiers began their employment in May 2011. The number of applicants has been satisfying but experiences from other countries indicate that it has been easier to recruit soldiers than to retain them. The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting the job satisfaction of soldiers. Twenty-one informants who had been employed as soldiers for about a year participated in the study. They came from all three fighting services (army, air force, navy). The data was analyzed according to a grounded theory approach. The results show that the soldiers’ job satisfaction is related to their inner motivation to join the armed forces. The inner motivation can be divided into: (a) primarily searching for a job and a steady income, (b) a great interest in the armed forces and military tasks, and (c) an aim for a certain education/position. Factors that appear to affect the job satisfaction are, for example: co-workers, salary and experienced meaningfulness. Another result from the study is that strategic decisions at the Head Quarter level that involve unexpected readjustments at the local level tend to have a negative effect on of the soldiers’ motivation and job satisfaction because the leaders at the local units are poorly prepared to handle the changes. This will be more thoroughly discussed during the presentation.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Leadership : Is bad stronger than good?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Leadership & Organization Development Journal. - 0143-7739 .- 1472-5347. ; 37:6, s. 690-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the thesis “bad is stronger than good” also holds true for a number of leadership issues, more specifically: trust in the immediate leader, emotional exhaustion, work atmosphere and propensity to leave.Design/methodology/approach– Questionnaire responses were obtained from military personnel in Estonia, Sweden, Switzerland and the Netherlands (n=625).Findings– Multiple regression analyses revealed a certain pattern. Constructive leadership behaviours showed stronger positive associations with trust in the immediate supervisor and work atmosphere, than destructive leadership behaviours showed negative associations. On the other hand, destructive leadership behaviours showed stronger positive associations with emotional exhaustion and propensity to leave, than constructive leadership behaviours showed negative associations. This suggests that constructive leadership behaviours possibly have a greater impact on positive phenomenon and/or phenomenon associated with work-related relationships. On the other hand, destructive leadership behaviours appear to have a greater impact on negative phenomena with a stronger personal meaning. The results also show that the passive forms of destructive leadership are the behaviours that had the strongest impact on the investigated dependent variables.Research limitations/implications– Limitations related to item construction, common method variance, response set tendencies, translation of the instruments, and lack of response rate are discussed.Practical implications– The results emphasize the importance of focusing on both constructive and destructive leadership at the selection stage, as well as during training of military leaders. Focusing on them separately obstructs optimal leader development and prevents leaders from gaining authentic self-knowledge. The results also point at the importance of including both aspects of leadership in leader evaluation processes.Originality/value– The use of both constructive and destructive leadership behaviours with respondents from multiple nations in the same analysis.
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| 36. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal studies on cohesion in a military context : A systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Military Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0899-5605 .- 1532-7876. ; 34:6, s. 732-741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cohesion is one of the most studied group phenomena and there is an agreement among scholars today that cohesion is a key contributor to team functioning and performance. A large body of research has shown that cohesion has several positive effects on psychological, social, and behavioral outcomes. Since research on cohesion has increased significantly in recent decades there is a need for an updated overview of research regarding antecedents and outcomes of cohesion in a military context. In this paper, a systematic literature review is conducted. The paper adheres to suggestions by scholars, relating the results in accordance with the dimensionality (i.e. social, task, or general) and organizational level of the construct (i.e. horizontal, vertical, or organizational) as well as focusing exclusively on studies with a longitudinal design. The paper highlights gaps in the literature and provides direction for future research.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring destructive leadership behaviours
- 2016
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Ingår i: Negative leadership. - Kingston, Kanada : Canadian Defence Academy Press. - 9780660062112 ; , s. 75-85
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 39. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-
(författare)
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Military Leaders and Trust
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to study trust in military leaders. Empirical data was gathered through interviews and questionnaires with military personnel mostly from Sweden, but also from four other European countries.Paper I illustrates that trust in military leaders can be theoretically understood in terms of a hierarchical system of categories, higher-level categories and two superior categories labelled Individual-related and Communication- and relationship-related characteristics.Paper II examines how trust between military leaders and their subordinates is related to negative critical incidents in international operations. The results show that trust can be affected by pre-existing influences, of both an individual and contextual nature. The level of trust that develops between leaders and subordinates appears to have an influence on perceptions and re-evaluations of leaders’ trustworthiness during and after involvement in critical incidents.In Paper III, an instrument, Destrudo-L, was developed to measure destructive leadership behaviours on five different dimensions: Arrogant, unfair, Threats, punishments, overdemands, Ego-oriented, false, Passive, cowardly, and Uncertain, unclear, messy.In Paper IV the relationship between constructive and destructive leadership behaviours and trust is examined. The results show that constructive leadership contributed most to trust in the immediate supervisor. A great deal of trust in immediate supervisors can be understood by evaluating both constructive and destructive leadership behaviours.This thesis contributes with context-specific knowledge on trust in leaders in a military context and knowledge of psychological processes and individual dispositions that shape and change the willingness to trust leaders. The main findings presented in this thesis are the identification of characteristics of the trustor, the trustee, and the context which influences trust in military leaders.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Passive leadership in a military context. Its relationship with work attitudes and emotional exhaustion
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThis paper reports the results of three quantitative studies on destructive leadership in a military context. The aim is to identify (a) which behaviors are considered passive leadership in this type of context, (b) outcomes of passive leadership, and (c) hierarchical differences regarding outcomes of passive leadership.Design/MethodologyQuestionnaire data was collected from (a) three Swedish military groups (n = 428), (b) military personnel in Estonia, Sweden, Switzerland and the Netherlands (n = 625), and (c) Swedish military personnel serving in Afghanistan (n = 289).ResultsThe results show that passive leadership in a military context is defined as behaviors related to being “passive, cowardly” and “uncertain, unclear, messy”. Passive leadership behaviors had a stronger impact (than active destructive leadership behaviors) on outcomes such as emotional exhaustion and propensity to leave the organization. The results also reveal that passive leadership behaviors are more common on higher hierarchical levels compared to lower.LimitationsLimitations related to common method variance, response set tendencies and lack of response rate are discussed.Research/practical implicationsThe results emphasize the importance of focusing on passive leadership behaviors in the research field of destructive leadership. From a practical perspective, implications for military organizations are discussed.Originality/ValueSince most of the studies on passive leadership are conducted in civilian settings, the results from this paper contribute with context-specific knowledge about passive leadership in a military setting.
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| 43. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Re-enlistment in the Swedish Armed Forces – individual motives and driving forces
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As many other armed forces, the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) is having a difficult time recruiting a sufficient number of soldiers. The turn-over rate is high as well as the cost for recruiting and training soldiers, should they leave the SAF immediately (after basic training) or after a shorter period of employment. This has brought attention to the issue of re-enlistment and the need to understand what factors impact soldiers’ willingness to re-enlist to the SAF. The aim of the study is to investigate the motives and driving forces that make soldiers inclined to re-enlist within the SAF. Interviews are conducted with about 20 re-enlisted soldiers from three different units. A grounded-theory approach will be used to analyse the data. At the time of the conference the data analysis will be completed and the results will be presented.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of constructive and destructive leadership on soldier's job satisfaction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : Sage Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 122:3, s. 1068-1086
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether constructive or destructive leadership behaviors are the best predictors of soldiers’ experienced meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction. Data were collected among 300 employed soldiers using a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions about the immediate leader’s constructive and destructive leadership, meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction. The results show that the constructive leadership factor inspiration and motivation was the best predictor of both experienced meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction. None of the destructive leadership factors gave a significant contribution to the models although both the passive and active forms of destructive leadership showed a weak to moderate significant, negative correlation with experienced meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction.
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| 47. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-
(författare)
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Tillit till ledare i riskfyllda kontexter
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Rustad för risk. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144113838 ; , s. 121-139
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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