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| 4. |
- Bridel, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:9, s. 1035-1048
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate biomarker for neuroaxonal damage. The influence of age and sex is largely unknown, and levels across neurological disorders have not been compared systematically to date.Objectives To assess the associations of age, sex, and diagnosis with NfL in CSF (cNfL) and to evaluate its potential in discriminating clinically similar conditions.Data Sources PubMed was searched for studies published between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, reporting cNfL levels (using the search terms neurofilament light and cerebrospinal fluid) in neurological or psychiatric conditions and/or in HC.Study Selection Studies reporting NfL levels measured in lumbar CSF using a commercially available immunoassay, as well as age and sex.Data Extraction and Synthesis Individual-level data were requested from study authors. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the fixed effects of age, sex, and diagnosis on log-transformed NfL levels, with cohort of origin modeled as a random intercept.Main Outcome and Measure The cNfL levels adjusted for age and sex across diagnoses.Results Data were collected for 10 059 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [18.8] years; 54.1% female). Thirty-five diagnoses were identified, including inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (n = 2795), dementias and predementia stages (n = 4284), parkinsonian disorders (n = 984), and HC (n = 1332). The cNfL was elevated compared with HC in a majority of neurological conditions studied. Highest levels were observed in cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals (iHIV), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington disease. In 33.3% of diagnoses, including HC, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), cNfL was higher in men than women. The cNfL increased with age in HC and a majority of neurological conditions, although the association was strongest in HC. The cNfL overlapped in most clinically similar diagnoses except for FTD and iHIV, which segregated from other dementias, and PD, which segregated from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Conclusions and Relevance These data support the use of cNfL as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and indicate that age-specific and sex-specific (and in some cases disease-specific) reference values may be needed. The cNfL has potential to assist the differentiation of FTD from AD and PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
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| 9. |
- Al Khatib, I., et al.
(författare)
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Wireless LAN Access Point Modeling as a Queuing System
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of The Communications and Computer Networks 2002 Conference (CCN 2002), MIT, Cambridge, USA, November 4-6, 2002. ; , s. 463-468
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a research study of wireless LAN access points for IEEE 802.11b, where we seek to model the access point as a queuing system. The model can be used to compare performance metrics of different wireless LAN access points and to investigate the QoS of specific applications in the presence of a wireless LAN access point. In this paper, we focus on two parameters: the delay introduced by a wireless LAN access point and the average service time required to serve a packet passing through an access point. A major result is an analytic solution for the average service time of a packet in relationship to payload.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Ulf R., 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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In search of centre of excellence : Network embeddedness and subsidiaryroles in multinational corporations
- 2000
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Ingår i: MIR: Management International Review. - 0938-8249 .- 1861-8901. ; 40:4, s. 329-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the authors explore the role of a subsidiary as a centre of excellencewithin the multinational corporation (MNC). It is argued that such a role can bebased on the characteristics of a subsidiary's internal resources, its relationshipswith the rest of the MNC and the business context of which the subsidiary is apart. Based on the perspective of an MNC as a Network the latter aspect is es-pecially focused. Through an analysis of 98 subsidiaries the importance of thesubsidiary's embeddedness, in terms of business relationships with specific cus-tomers and suppliers for its role as a centre of excellence, is investigated.A conceptual result from this paper is that it offers a framework for analysingthe role of the business context for the subsidiary's role as a centre of excel-lence. Productive relationships with external counterparts in the business envi-ronment can be used by the subsidiary to enhance its role as a centre of excel-lence. An empirical result is that the external embeddedness of the subsidiaryis an important and significant explanatory variable of the subsidiary's possibil-ities to be considered important to the MNC as well as a prerequisite to influ-ence the future behaviour of MNC.
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| 11. |
- Bengtsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Rörlig bild som metod för dialog i arbetslivet
- 1989
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Ingår i: Nordisk Ergonomi. ; :3-4, s. 17-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Avsikten med denna rapport är att presentera delresultat från forskningsprojektet "Dynamisk Beskrivning med Datorstödd Bild" (DBDB). I projektet arbetar psykologer, arkitekter och arbetsmiljötekniker med att utveckla och utvärdera dels tredimensionella rörliga bilder (verklighetstrogen animering) och simulering på dator, dels en beteendevetenskaplig metod och samarbetsform. Syftet är att skapa förutsättningar för bättre dialog och samverkan i en organisation. Med samverkan menas att olika personalkategorier gemensamt deltar i planering och utveckling av verksamheten. Projektet syftar även till att utveckla rörliga bilder och simulering som hjälpmedel för utbildning och kompetensutveckling. Arbetet påbörjades i januari 1988. Hittills har två pilotstudier genomförts och en större fallstudie avslutas under maj månad. Projektet är ett resultat av de ansträngningar som görs för att bygga upp nätverk för samarbete mellan olika vetenskapliga discipliner vid Lunds Universitet. Samarbetet går under arbetsnamnet MTA (Människan, Tekniken och Arbetslivet)- Forskningsprojektet är finansierat av Styrelsen för Teknisk Utveckling och Arbetsmiljöfonden i deras gemensamma MDA-program (Människan, Datortekniken och Arbetslivet). Till projektet hör även en referensgrupp med företrädare för SACO, TCO, LO, SAF och MDA.
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| 12. |
- Brady, L. Jeannine, et al.
(författare)
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The changing faces of Streptococcus antigen I/II polypeptide family adhesins
- 2010
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Ingår i: Molecular Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 0950-382X .- 1365-2958. ; 77:2, s. 276-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Streptococcus mutans antigen I/II (AgI/II) protein was one of the first cell wall-anchored adhesins identified in Gram-positive bacteria. It mediates attachment of S. mutans to tooth surfaces and has been a focus for immunization studies against dental caries. The AgI/II family polypeptides recognize salivary glycoproteins, and are also involved in biofilm formation, platelet aggregation, tissue invasion and immune modulation. The genes encoding AgI/II family polypeptides are found among Streptococcus species indigenous to the human mouth, as well as in Streptococcus pyogenes, S. agalactiae and S. suis. Evidence of functionalities for different regions of the AgI/II proteins has emerged. A sequence motif within the C-terminal portion of Streptococcus gordonii SspB (AgI/II) is bound by Porphyromonas gingivalis, thus promoting oral colonization by this anaerobic pathogen. The significance of other epitopes is now clearer following resolution of regional crystal structures. A new picture emerges of the central V (variable) region, predicted to contain a carbohydrate-binding trench, being projected from the cell surface by a stalk formed by an unusual association between an N-terminal α-helix and a C-terminal polyproline helix. This presentation mode might be important in determining functional conformations of other Gram-positive surface proteins that have adhesin domains flanked by α-helical and proline-rich regions. Ever since dental caries (tooth decay) was first shown to be caused by bacteria, there has been continued interest in developing vaccine or passive immunization protocols for its control or prevention (Lehner et al., 1980). Although dental caries is not fatal, and in developed countries caries is now considered to be largely avoidable through controlled diet and good oral hygiene, there remain significant problems with childhood disease, especially among indigent populations. Consequently, caries is one of the most common worldwide infectious diseases. Therefore, research continues towards employing vaccine formulations comprised of peptide components derived from surface proteins of Streptococcus mutans, a major agent associated with dental caries (Lehner et al., 1975). One of the most promising strategies seems to be delivery of peptides, derived from glucan-binding protein B (GbpB) and antigen I/II (AgI/II) protein, via a mucosal (nasal) route. The GbpB polypeptide binds extracellular glucans, thus promoting co-adhesion of S. mutans cells in the development of dental plaque (Taubman and Nash, 2006). The AgI/II protein (also named P1, SpaP, AgB or PAc) is a major surface protein that functions as an adhesin, attaching S. mutans to the saliva-coated tooth enamel surface (Koga et al., 1990; Kelly et al., 1995). Antibodies against SpaP and GbpB block adherence and co-adhesion, respectively, thus disrupting colonization of the oral cavity by S. mutans (Ma et al., 1990; 1998; Taubman and Nash, 2006). The terminology AgI/II derives from the identification of two major cell wall antigens I and II in S. mutans by Russell et al. (1980), and the subsequent recognition that AgII was a component of AgI. Following the discovery of AgI/II, it became apparent that genes encoding orthologous proteins were widely dispersed among the streptococci (Jenkinson and Demuth, 1997). The viridans Streptococcus AgI/II adhesins range in composition from 1310 to 1653 amino acid (aa) residues, while the Streptococcus agalactiae AgI/II proteins are smaller (826–932 aa residues) (Tettelin et al., 2005). The widespread distribution of these AgI/II protein genes across the streptococci is perhaps not surprising, given the complex streptococcal communities that exist on surfaces of the oro- and naso-pharynx and within the bacterial soup of saliva. It is interesting, though, that the AgI/II family polypeptide genes have not yet been discovered in Streptococcus pneumoniae, which might be by the fact that S. pneumoniae forms a distinct evolutionary cluster (Kilian et al., 2008).
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| 13. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish normative data on personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory
- 1998
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 39:3, s. 122-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a self-report personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality, which accounts for both normal and abnormal variation in the two major components of personality, temperament and character. Normative data for the Swedish TCI based on a representative Swedish sample of 1,300 adults are presented, and the psychometric properties of the questionnaire are discussed. The structure of the Swedish version replicates the American version well for the means, distribution of scores, and relationships within the between scales and subscales. Further, the Swedish inventory had a reliable factor structure and test-retest performance. The results of this study confirm the theory of temperament and character as a seven-factor model of personality.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Evengård, B, et al.
(författare)
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Low incidence of toxoplasma infection during pregnancy and in newborn in Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688. ; 127:1, s. 121-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To estimate the burden of disease due to congenital toxoplasmosis in Sweden the incidence of primary infections during pregnancy and birth prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis in 40978 children born in two regions in Sweden was determined. Women possibly infected during pregnancy were identi®ed based on: 1, detection of speci®c IgG based on neonatal screening of the phenylketonuria (PKU) card blood spot followed by retrospective testing of stored prenatal samples to detect women who acquired infection during pregnancy and follow up of their children to 12 months; 2, detection of speci®c IgM on the PKU blood spot. The birth prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis was 0±73}10000 (95% CI 0±15±2±14) (3}40978). The incidence of primary infection during pregnancy was 5±1}10000 (95% CI 2±6±8±9) susceptible pregnant women. The seroprevalence in the southern part was 25±7% and in the Stockholm area 14±0%. The incidence of infection during pregnancy was low, as the birth prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis. Neonatal screening warrants consideration in view of the low cost and feasibility.
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| 19. |
- Forsgren, Edvin, et al.
(författare)
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High-throughput widefield fluorescence imaging of 3D samples using deep learning for 2D projection image restoration
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 17:5 May
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluorescence microscopy is a core method for visualizing and quantifying the spatial and temporal dynamics of complex biological processes. While many fluorescent microscopy techniques exist, due to its cost-effectiveness and accessibility, widefield fluorescent imaging remains one of the most widely used. To accomplish imaging of 3D samples, conventional widefield fluorescence imaging entails acquiring a sequence of 2D images spaced along the z-dimension, typically called a z-stack. Oftentimes, the first step in an analysis pipeline is to project that 3D volume into a single 2D image because 3D image data can be cumbersome to manage and challenging to analyze and interpret. Furthermore, z-stack acquisition is often time-consuming, which consequently may induce photodamage to the biological sample; these are major barriers for workflows that require high-throughput, such as drug screening. As an alternative to z-stacks, axial sweep acquisition schemes have been proposed to circumvent these drawbacks and offer potential of 100-fold faster image acquisition for 3D-samples compared to z-stack acquisition. Unfortunately, these acquisition techniques generate low-quality 2D z-projected images that require restoration with unwieldy, computationally heavy algorithms before the images can be interrogated. We propose a novel workflow to combine axial z-sweep acquisition with deep learning-based image restoration, ultimately enabling high-throughput and high-quality imaging of complex 3D-samples using 2D projection images. To demonstrate the capabilities of our proposed workflow, we apply it to live-cell imaging of large 3D tumor spheroid cultures and find we can produce high-fidelity images appropriate for quantitative analysis. Therefore, we conclude that combining axial z-sweep image acquisition with deep learning-based image restoration enables high-throughput and high-quality fluorescence imaging of complex 3D biological samples.
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| 20. |
- Gaida, James Edmund, et al.
(författare)
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Apolipoprotein A1 distribution pattern in the human Achilles tendon
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : WILEY. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 28:5, s. 1506-1513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic factors such as cholesterol appear to play an important role in the development of Achilles tendinopathy. There is, however, no morphologic proof explaining the link between high cholesterol and tendinopathy. As apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1) is essential for reverse cholesterol transport, it may be related to cholesterol overload in tendon. Nothing is known about Apo-A1 expression in tendon tissue. We examined the distribution of Apo-A1 protein in biopsies from normal and tendinopathy-affected human Achilles tendons, and APOA1 mRNA production from cultured human hamstring tenocytes. Specific immunoreactions for Apo-A1 were detected. The tenocytes showed specific Apo-A1 immunoreactions. These reactions were usually distinct in the tendinopathy specimens. While the tendinopathy specimens often showed granular/small deposit reactions, the slender tenocytes of control specimens did not show this pattern. The magnitude of Apo-A1 immunoreactivity was especially marked in the tendinopathy specimens, as there is a high number of tenocytes. Reactions were also seen in the walls of blood vessels located within the tendon tissue proper of both the normal and tendinopathy tendons and within the peritendinous/fatty tissue of the tendinopathy tendons. The reactions were predominantly in the form of deposit reactions within the smooth muscle layer of the vessel walls. Cultured hamstring tenocytes produced APOA1 mRNA. We demonstrated the presence of Apo-A1 in human tendon tissue. This suggests there may be a link between Achilles tendinopathy and cholesterol metabolism. We hypothesize that Apo-A1 may be important for tenocyte and blood vessel function within tendons.
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| 23. |
- Karageorgis, Anastassia, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-center preclinical study of gadoxetate DCE-MRI in rats as a biomarker of drug induced inhibition of liver transporter function
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 13:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drug-induced liver injury (Dili) is a leading cause of acute liver failure and transplantation. Dili can be the result of impaired hepatobiliary transporters, with altered bile formation, flow, and subsequent cholestasis. We used gadoxetate dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), combined with pharmacokinetic modelling, to measure hepatobiliary transporter function in vivo in rats. The sensitivity and robustness of the method was tested by evaluating the effect of a clinical dose of the antibiotic rifampicin in four different preclinical imaging centers. The mean gadoxetate uptake rate constant for the vehicle groups at all centers was 39.3 +/- 3.4 s -1 (n = 23) and 11.7 +/- 1.3 s -1 (n = 20) for the rifampicin groups. The mean gadoxetate efflux rate constant for the vehicle groups was 1.53 +/- 0.08 s -1 (n = 23) and for the rifampicin treated groups was 0.94 +/- 0.08 s -1 (n = 20). Both the uptake and excretion transporters of gadoxetate were statistically significantly inhibited by the clinical dose of rifampicin at all centers and the size of this treatment group effect was consistent across the centers. Gadoxetate is a clinically approved MRI contrast agent, so this method is readily transferable to the clinic. Conclusion: Rate constants of
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| 24. |
- Karlsson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Wireless system for real-time recording of heart rate variability for home nursing.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference. - 1557-170X. ; 4, s. 3717-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern wireless communication technologies offer new possibilities for patient monitoring in hospitals, as well as at home or in outdoor environments. In this paper, we present a wireless system for ECG recordings and real-time analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). The system also makes it possible for distance consultation, for example with a specialist in cardiology, with the help of a WEB-solution.
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| 31. |
- Resman, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae in Sweden 1997-2009; evidence of increasing incidence and clinical burden of non-type b strains
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1469-0691 .- 1198-743X. ; 17:11, s. 1638-1645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction of a conjugated vaccine against encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) has led to a dramatic reduction of invasive Hib disease. However, an increasing incidence of invasive disease by H. influenzae non-type b has recently been reported. Non-type b strains have been suggested to be opportunists in an invasive context, but information on clinical consequences and related medical conditions is scarce. In this retrospective study, all H. influenzae isolates (n = 410) from blood and cerebrospinal fluid in three metropolitan Swedish regions between 1997 and 2009 from a population of approximately 3 million individuals were identified. All available isolates were serotyped by PCR (n = 250). We observed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of invasive H. influenzae disease, ascribed to non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) and encapsulated strains type f (Hif) in mainly individuals >60 years of age. The medical reports from a subset of 136 cases of invasive Haemophilus disease revealed that 48% of invasive NTHi cases and 59% of invasive Hif cases, respectively, met the criteria of severe sepsis or septic shock according to the ACCP/SCCM classification of sepsis grading. One-fifth of invasive NTHi cases and more than one-third of invasive Hif cases were admitted to intensive care units. Only 37% of patients with invasive non-type b disease had evidence of immunocompromise, of which conditions related to impaired humoral immunity was the most common. The clinical burden of invasive non-type b H. influenzae disease, measured as days of hospitalization/100 000 individuals at risk and year, increased significantly throughout the study period.
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| 35. |
- Szwedo, Aleksandra A, et al.
(författare)
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GBA and APOE impact cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease : A 10-year population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 37:5, s. 1016-1027
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Common genetic variance in apolipoprotein E (APOE), β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), and α-synuclein (SNCA) has been linked to cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD), although studies have yielded mixed results.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of genetic variants in APOE, GBA, MAPT, and SNCA on cognitive decline and risk of dementia in a pooled analysis of six longitudinal, non-selective, population-based cohorts of newly diagnosed PD patients.METHODS: 1002 PD patients, followed for up to 10 years (median 7.2 years), were genotyped for at least one of APOE-ε4, GBA mutations, MAPT H1/H2, or SNCA rs356219. We evaluated the effect of genotype on the rate of cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examanation, MMSE) using linear mixed models and the development of dementia (diagnosed using standardized criteria) using Cox regression; multiple comparisons were accounted for using Benjamini-Hochberg corrections.RESULTS: Carriers of APOE-ε4 (n = 281, 29.7%) and GBA mutations (n = 100, 10.3%) had faster cognitive decline and were at higher risk of progression to dementia (APOE-ε4, HR 3.57, P < 0.001; GBA mutations, HR 1.76, P = 0.001) than non-carriers. The risk of cognitive decline and dementia (HR 5.19, P < 0.001) was further increased in carriers of both risk genotypes (n = 23). No significant effects were observed for MAPT or SNCA rs356219.CONCLUSIONS: GBA and APOE genotyping could improve the prediction of cognitive decline in PD, which is important to inform the clinical trial selection and potentially to enable personalized treatment © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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| 36. |
- Wagner, Ryan G., et al.
(författare)
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Community health workers to improve adherence to anti-seizure medication in rural South Africa : Is it cost-effective?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Epilepsia. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0013-9580 .- 1528-1167. ; 62:1, s. 98-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy is a common, chronic neurological disorder that disproportionately affects individuals living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the treatment gap remains high and adherence to medication remains low. Community health workers (CHWs) have been shown to be effective at improving adherence to chronic medications, yet no study assessing the costs of CHWs in epilepsy management has been reported.METHODS: Using a Markov model with age- and sex-varying transition probabilities, we determined whether deploying CHWs to improve epilepsy treatment adherence in rural South Africa would be cost-effective. Data were derived using published studies from rural South Africa. Official statistics and international disability weights provided cost and health state values, respectively, and health gains were measured using quality adjusted life years (QALYs).RESULTS: The intervention was estimated at International Dollars ($) 123 250 per annum per sub-district community and cost $1494 and $1857 per QALY gained for males and females, respectively. Assuming a costlier intervention and lower effectiveness, cost per QALY was still less than South Africa's Gross Domestic Product per capita of $13 215, the cost-effectiveness threshold applied.SIGNIFICANCE: CHWs would be cost-effective and the intervention dominated even when costs and effects of the intervention were unfavorably varied. Health system re-engineering currently underway in South Africa identifies CHWs as vital links in primary health care, thereby ensuring sustainability of the intervention. Further research on understanding local health state utility values and cost-effectiveness thresholds could further inform the current model, and undertaking the proposed intervention would provide better estimates of its efficacy on reducing the epilepsy treatment gap in rural South Africa.
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| 37. |
- Wagner, Ryan G., et al.
(författare)
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Epilepsy care cascade, treatment gap and its determinants in rural South Africa
- 2020
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Ingår i: Seizure. - : Elsevier. - 1059-1311 .- 1532-2688. ; 80, s. 175-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The percentage of people who are diagnosed with epilepsy (diagnostic gap), access, receive and adhere (treatment gap) to anti-seizure medication (ASM) in low- and middle- income countries remains low. We explored the epilepsy care cascade, measured the diagnostic and treatment gaps, and examined socio-demographic factors associated with adherence to ASMs in rural South Africa.Methods: Utilizing a population-based cohort of 311 people with active convulsive epilepsy (ACE) residing in rural northeastern South Africa, a questionnaire was administered to examine associations between demographic and socioeconomic factors and the epilepsy treatment gap. Blood was taken to measure levels of ASMs.Results: Of the 311 individuals diagnosed, 93 % of individuals reported being previously told they had epilepsy and 94 % reported previously attending a health facility for their epilepsy. ASMs were detected in 138 individuals (76 %) and optimal levels were detected in 67 individuals, resulting in a treatment gap of 63 % (95 % confidence interval [95 %CI]: 56 %-70 %). Self-reported specificity of ASM use was 23 % (95 %CI: 12-39 %) and individuals >= 18 years were significantly more likely to report taking ASM than children and were significantly (p = 0.011) more likely to be adherent.Conclusion: Most people with epilepsy in rural South Africa had been previously diagnosed with epilepsy and had accessed care for epilepsy, yet the level of ASM adherence remained low, significantly lower amongst children. Understanding ways of improving knowledge of and adherence to ASM in rural South Africa is necessary, especially amongst children. The epilepsy care cascade can be useful in identifying gaps in care and targeting interventions to reduce these gaps.
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| 38. |
- Wilhelm, Kristina R, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Immune reactivity towards insulin, its amyloid and protein S100B in blood sera of Parkinson's disease patients
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 14:3, s. 327-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peripheral immune responses can be sensitive indicators of disease pathology. We evaluated the autoimmune reactions to endocrine (insulin) and astrocytical (S100B) biomarkers in the blood sera of 26 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients compared with controls by using ELISA. We found a statistically significant increase of the autoimmune responses to both antigens in PD patients compared with controls with a mean increase of 70% and 50% in the autoimmune reactions towards insulin and S100B, respectively. Heterogeneity of the immune responses observed in patients may reflect the modulating effect of multiple variables associated with neurodegeneration and also changes in the basic mechanisms of individual autoimmune reactivity. We did not detect any pronounced immune reactions towards insulin amyloid fibrils and oligomers in PD patients, indicating that an amyloid-specific conformational epitope is not involved in immune recognition of this amyloid type, while sequential epitope of native insulin is hidden within the amyloid structures. Immune reactions towards S100B and insulin may reflect the neurodegenerative brain damaging processes and impaired insulin homeostasis occurring in PD.
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| 39. |
- Yutuc, Eylan, et al.
(författare)
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Deep mining of oxysterols and cholestenoic acids in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid : Quantification using isotope dilution mass spectrometry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 1154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are rich in cholesterol and its metabolites. Here we describe in detail a methodology for the identification and quantification of multiple sterols including oxysterols and sterol-acids found in these fluids. The method is translatable to any laboratory with access to liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. The method exploits isotope-dilution mass spectrometry for absolute quantification of target metabolites. The method is applicable for semi-quantification of other sterols for which isotope labelled surrogates are not available and approximate quantification of partially identified sterols. Values are reported for non-esterified sterols in the absence of saponification and total sterols following saponification. In this way absolute quantification data is reported for 17 sterols in the NIST SRM 1950 plasma along with semi-quantitative data for 8 additional sterols and approximate quantification for one further sterol. In a pooled (CSF) sample used for internal quality control, absolute quantification was performed on 10 sterols, semi-quantification on 9 sterols and approximate quantification on a further three partially identified sterols. The value of the method is illustrated by confirming the sterol phenotype of a patient suffering from ACOX2 deficiency, a rare disorder of bile acid biosynthesis, and in a plasma sample from a patient suffering from cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, where cholesterol 27-hydroxylase is deficient.
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