| 1. |
- Lagedal, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired Antibody Response Is Associated with Histone-Release, Organ Dysfunction and Mortality in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: the pathophysiologic mechanisms explaining differences in clinical outcomes following COVID-19 are not completely described. This study aims to investigate antibody responses in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in relation to inflammation, organ failure and 30-day survival. Methods: All patients with PCR-verified COVID-19 and gave consent, and who were admitted to a tertiary Intensive care unit (ICU) in Sweden during March-September 2020 were included. Demography, repeated blood samples and measures of organ function were collected. Analyses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM, IgA and IgG) in plasma were performed and correlated to patient outcome and biomarkers of inflammation and organ failure. Results: A total of 115 patients (median age 62 years, 77% male) were included prospectively. All patients developed severe respiratory dysfunction, and 59% were treated with invasive ventilation. Thirty-day mortality was 22.6% for all included patients. Patients negative for any anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in plasma during ICU admission had higher 30-day mortality compared to patients positive for antibodies. Patients positive for IgM had more ICU-, ventilator-, renal replacement therapy- and vasoactive medication-free days. IgA antibody concentrations correlated negatively with both SAPS3 and maximal SOFA-score and IgM-levels correlated negatively with SAPS3. Patients with antibody levels below the detection limit had higher plasma levels of extracellular histones on day 1 and elevated levels of kidney and cardiac biomarkers, but showed no signs of increased inflammation, complement activation or cytokine release. After adjusting for age, positive IgM and IgG antibodies were still associated with increased 30-day survival, with odds ratio (OR) 7.1 (1.5-34.4) and 4.2 (1.1-15.7), respectively. Conclusion: In patients with severe COVID-19 requiring intensive care, a poor antibody response is associated with organ failure, systemic histone release and increased 30-day mortality.
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| 2. |
- Sjödin, Anders M, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of physical activity on BMR
- 1996
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 28:1, s. 85-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In addition to factors such as fat free mass, hormonal status, genetics and energy balance, previous physical activity has been shown to influence energy turnover during resting (RMR = resting metabolic rate) or basal conditions(BMR = basal metabolic rate). This article presents data on BMR from elite endurance athletes (4 female and 4 male), at least 39 h after their last training session, in comparison with sedentary nonathletic controls matched for sex and fat free mass (FFM). Comparisons with theoretical calculations of BMR were also made. The athletes were shown to have a significantly higher BMR than was expected from calculations based on body mass (16%, P < 0.05) or body composition (12%, P < 0.05). There were no corresponding differences found in the nonathletic control group. The athletes had a 13% higher (P < 0.001) BMR than controls if related to FFM and 16% (P = 0.001) if related to both FFM and fat mass (FM). The athletes were also found to have 10% lower R-values (P < 0.01) indicating higher fat oxidation. The conformity of these findings with the present literature and the possible mechanisms behind them as well as its influence on theoretical calculations of energy turnover (ET) based on activity factors expressed as multiples of RMR are further discussed.
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| 3. |
- Branth, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Minor changes in blood lipids after 6 weeks of high-volume low- intensity physical activity with strict energy balance control.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Eur J Appl Physiol. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 96:3, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical activity has been shown to favorably affect metabolic risk markers, including blood lipids. The impact of high-energy turnover, without influencing the traditionally used markers of exercise training effects, on blood lipids is still unclear. The aim was to study the effect of high-volume low-intensity physical activity on the blood lipid pattern, with a tight control of diet and energy balance. Eight untrained men [42.5 (12.1) years, body mass index 24.2 (2.8) kg m(-2)] were tested in two different 6-week protocols. In the sedentary protocol, the subjects were instructed to limit their everyday physical activity. In the activity protocol, a 2-h physical activity bout was performed 5 days week(-1) (~40% of VO(2max); equivalent of an additional 21 MJ week(-1) in energy expenditure). The diet for both protocols comprised ~40 energy percent (E%) fat, ~50 E% carbohydrates (CHO). The polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio of the diet was ~0.12. There were no changes during each 6-week period or differences between the two protocols in body weight, body composition or aerobic capacity. Low-intensity physical activity did not affect lipid parameters substantially, except for a slightly lower Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio with the activity protocol (P<0.05). Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as Apo-B and Apo-A1, were increased during the beginning of each 6-week period (P<0.05), but returned to basal levels by the sixth week. In conclusion, 6 weeks of high-volume low-intensity physical activity did not affect blood lipids substantially.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of IgA-antigliadin antibodies and IgA-antiendomysium antibodies related to celiac disease in children with Down syndrome
- 1998
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 1098-4275 .- 0031-4005. ; 101:2, s. 5-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of celiac disease in children and adolescents with Down syndrome.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three children and adolescents with Down syndrome were screened for IgA-antigliadin antibodies (AGA) and IgA-antiendomysium antibodies (EMA). Patients found to be either AGA- or EMA-positive were investigated further with intestinal biopsy.RESULTS: None of the 43 patients had known celiac disease at entry into the study; 37% (16/43) were found to have AGA levels above normal, and 16% (7/43) to be EMA-positive. Of the 15 patients who underwent biopsy, 8 manifested villous atrophy. Villous atrophy was present in all 7 of the EMA-positive patients, whereas the villi were normal in 7 of the 13 AGA-positive patients who underwent biopsy.CONCLUSIONS: EMA is a good immunologic marker for use in screening for celiac disease, and screening is justified in patients with Down syndrome.
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| 5. |
- Edin, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish youth labor market in boom and depression
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper is concerned with the labor market experience of Swedish youths during the 1980s and the 1990s. The first objective is to portray early economic attainment among young Swedes. The second objective of the paper is to examine the impact of labor market programs on youth employment. We find that the slump in the 1990s has been associated with dramatic increases in youth unemployment and youth participation in active labor market programs. The impact on unemployment rates by age and education has been roughly proportional, however. The evolution of employment and unemployment does not offer much ground for the popular hypothesis that the recent rise in unemployment is driven by large and pervasive shifts in the demand for labor by skill attributable to technological innovation. The employment crisis has been met by an unprecedented increase in active labor market programs, in large part targeted at unemployed youths. There is a risk that these programs may crowd out regular youth employment, a hypothesis that is supported in our empirical investigation of regular youth employment in Swedish municipalities.
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| 6. |
- Edin, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish youth labor market in boom and depression
- 1999
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Ingår i: Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries. - : University of Chicago Press.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is concerned with the labor market experience of Swedish youths during the 1980s and the 1990s. The first objective is to portray early economic attainment among young Swedes. The second objective of the paper is to examine the impact of labor
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| 7. |
- Ekelund, Maria, 1970-
(författare)
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Psoriasis and Temporomandibular Joint Involvement in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) : A Longitudinal Study of the Nordic JIA Cohort
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, JIA, is used as an umbrella term covering a heterogeneous group of chronic arthritis forms in children, many of which have important differences compared to adult arthritis, while others possibly represent similar diseases among children and adults. Classification aims to give a better understanding of the pathogenesis, patterns, disease trajectories and treatment responses. For the juvenile psoriatic arthritis, JPsA, the classification criteria are currently being debated. The distribution of affected joints in JIA differs greatly and it is unknown why some joints appear to be more affected than others. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be affected early in the course of the disease and often the symptoms are mild and without obvious swelling.This thesis has its origin in the Nordic Study Group of Paediatric Rheumatology and the population-based prospective study of 510 children with newly diagnosed JIA included between 1997 and 1999. Totally 440 children were included in the eight-year follow-up, and in the TMJ study 265 patients were examined and underwent cone-beam computed tomography, CBCT, 17 years after onset.After eight years a considerable proportion of the children with definite psoriasis were classified as undifferentiated JIA based on the exclusion criteria in the ILAR classification. Our data also presents the heterogenicity of JPsA and the development over time of clinical variables supporting a psoriatic diathesis, as well as the overlap between JPsA and enthesitis-related arthritis in a group of patients. We found that extensive symptoms and dysfunctions of the TMJ are seen in JIA 17 years after disease onset, even in patients registered with inactive disease or remission. Individuals with substantial condylar damage on CBCT were found in all JIA categories. The deeper understanding of a chronic disease over time is crucial for research initiatives to improve care as well as for clinical decisions and planning of the health care.Our findings suggest a need for a more appropriate classification of JPsA and also that aspects of TMJ involvement should be included in the general health assessment in JIA.
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| 8. |
- El-Khoury, Antoine E, et al.
(författare)
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Moderate exercise at energy balance does not affect 24-h leucine oxidation or nitrogen retention in healthy men
- 1997
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. - 0002-9513 .- 2163-5773. ; 273:2, s. E394-E407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short-term metabolic experiments have revealed that physical exercise increases the oxidation of leucine, which has been interpreted to indicate an increased requirement for dietary protein in physically active subjects. Because it may be inaccurate to extrapolate measurements of amino acid oxidation made over a few hours to the entire day, we have carried out a continuous 24-h intravenous [1-13C]leucine/[15N]urea tracer study in eight healthy adult men. Their diet supplied 1 g protein.kg-1.day-1, and exercise (mean maximal O2 consumption 46%) was for 90 min during the 12-h fast and 12-h fed periods of the day. Subjects were adapted to the diet and exercise regimen for 6 days. Then, on day 7, they were dressed in the University of Uppsala energy metabolic unit's direct calorimeter suit, were connected to an open-hood indirect calorimeter, and received the tracers. Exercise increased leucine oxidation by approximately 50 and 30% over preexercise rates for fast and fed periods, respectively. This increase amounted to approximately 4-7% of daily leucine oxidation. Subjects remained in body leucine equilibrium (balance -4.6 +/- 10.5 mg.kg-1.day-1; -3.6 +/- 8.3% of intake; P = not significant from zero balance). Therefore, moderate exercise did not cause a significant deterioration in leucine homeostasis at a protein intake of 1 g.kg-1.day-1. These findings underscore the importance of carrying out precise, continuous, 24-h measurements of whole body leucine kinetics; this model should be of value in studies concerning the quantitative interactions among physical exercise, energy/protein metabolism, and diet in humans.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Holmbäck, Ulf C., et al.
(författare)
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Endocrine responses to nocturnal eating : Possible implications for night work
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 42:2, s. 75-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Night work is becoming more common and shift workers display several metabolic disturbances. Aim: To study the endocrine responses in relation to time of day during a 24-h period and how dietary macronutrient composition affects these responses. Design: Seven males (26-43 y and 19.9-26.6 kg · m-2) were studied in a crossover design. Isocaloric diets described as highcarbohydrates (HC; 65 energy percent (E%) carbohydrates and 20E% fat) or high-fat (HF; 40E% carbohydrates and 45E% fat) were given. After a 6-day diet adjustment period, the subjects were kept awake for 24 h in a metabolic unit and were served an isocaloric meal (continuation of respective diet) every 4-h. Blood samples were taken throughout the 24-h period. Results: Insulin and leptin responses to meal intake differed with respect to time of day (p ≤ 0.05). Time of day affected glucagon, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (fT4), total triiodothyronine (tT3), cortisol, chromogranin A (CgA) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations (p ≤ 0.05). Meal intake decreased cortisol concentration after meals at 0800, 1200 and 0400 but not at 1600, 2000 and 0000 h. The PP's postprandial increase was greater during 0800-1600 h compared to 2000-0800 h. With the HC meals, lower glucagon and CgA concentrations (p ≤ 0.05), and a tendency for lower tT3 concentrations (p = 0.053) were observed compared to the HF meals. Conclusion: Insulin, PP, TSH, fT4, cortisol and leptin responses to meal intake differed with respect to time of day. The decreased evening/nocturnal responses of cortisol and PP to meal intake indicate that nocturnal eating and night work might have health implications.
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| 14. |
- Holmbäck, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic responses to nocturnal eating in men are affected by sources of dietary energy
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : The American Society for Nutritional Sciences. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 107, s. 121-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because night work is becoming more prevalent, we studied whether feeding at different times of a 24-h period would elicit different metabolic responses and whether dietary macronutrient composition would affect these responses. Seven men (26-43 y, 19.9-26.6 kg/m(2)) consumed two isocaloric diets, in a crossover design. The diets were a high carbohydrate (HC) diet [65 energy % (E%) carbohydrates, 20E% fat] and a high fat (HF) diet (40E% carbohydrates, 45E% fat). After a 6-d diet-adjustment period, the men were kept awake for 24 h and the food (continuation of respective diet) was provided as six isocaloric meals (i.e., every 4 h). Energy and substrate turnover, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood glucose, triacylglycerol (TAG), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glycerol were measured throughout the 24-h period. Significantly higher energy expenditure and NEFA concentration, and lower blood glucose and TAG concentrations were observed when the men consumed the HF diet than when they consumed the HC diet. Significant circadian patterns were seen in body and skin temperature (nadir, 0400-0500 h). When the men consumed the HF diet, significant circadian patterns were seen in fat oxidation (nadir, 0800-1200 h; plateau, 1200-0800 h), heat release (nadir, 0800-1200 h; plateau, 1600-0800 h), heart rate (nadir, 0000 h), blood glucose (nadir, 0800-1200 h; peak, 0000-0400 h), NEFA (nadir, 0800-1200 h; peak, 1200-2000 h) and TAG (nadir, 0800-1200 h; peak, 0400-0800 h) concentrations. Energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation, MAP and glycerol concentration did not display circadian patterns. Unequal variances eradicated most circadian effects in the HC-diet data. The increased TAG concentration in response to feeding at 0400 h might be involved in the higher TAG concentrations seen in shift workers. Distinct macronutrient/circadian-dependent postprandial responses were seen in most studied variables.
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| 15. |
- Holmbäck, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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The Human Body May Buffer Small Differences in Meal Size and Timing during a 24-h Wake Period Provided Energy Balance Is Maintained
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 133:9, s. 2748-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because approximately 20% of the work force in the industrialized world have irregular working hours, it is pertinent to study the consequences of eating at irregular, especially nighttime hours. We studied the postprandial responses during nocturnal fasting vs. eating throughout a 24-h wake period. Seven healthy males were studied twice in a crossover design. After a 6-d diet adjustment period [high fat diet, 45 energy percent (en%) fat, 40 en% carbohydrates)] with sleep from 2300 to 0700 h, the men were kept awake for 24 h at the metabolic ward and given either 6 isoenergetic meals, i.e., every 4 h (N-eat) or 4 isoenergetic meals from 0800 to 2000 h followed by a nocturnal fast (N-fast), with the same 24-h energy intake. Energy expenditure, substrate utilization, activity, heat release, body temperature and blood variables were measured over 24 h. Energy expenditure and blood glucose, triacylglycerol, insulin and glucagon concentrations were lower and nonesterified fatty acids concentrations were higher during the nocturnal fast than during nocturnal eating (P < 0.05); however, no 24-h differences between the protocols were apparent. Nocturnal fasting slightly altered the secretory patterns of the thyroid hormones and cortisol (P < 0.05). We found no clear indication that it would be more favorable to ingest few larger daytime meals than smaller meals throughout the 24-h period. The body seems to be able to buffer small differences in meal size and timing provided energy balance is maintained.
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| 16. |
- Hägglund, Pathric, 1971-
(författare)
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Natural and Classical Experiments in Swedish Labour Market Policy
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Effects of Changes in the Unemployment Insurance Eligibility Requirements on Job Duration — Swedish Evidence" This paper investigates the impact of the unemployment insurance (UI) entrance requirement on employment duration among earlier unemployed in Sweden. I exploit changes in the rule taking place in 1994 and 1997 to study behavioural adjustments in the timing of job separation between 1992, 1996, and 1998. Performing across-year analyses, I find evidence of clustering of job exits at the time of UI qualification. By using predicted hazard rates for each week, I calculate an approximate 2.9-week extension in average employment duration between 1996 and 1998 due to the 5-week prolonging of the entrance requirement. "Job-search Assistance Using the Internet – Experiences from a Swedish Randomised Experiment" This paper reports the experience from a randomised experiment offering voluntary job-search assistance on the Internet to job seekers at Swedish public employment offices. The purpose is to, i) investigate to what extent the evaluation design manages to avoid common difficulties in experimental evaluation, ii) assess the effect of the programme on the employment outcome, and iii) use the nonbiased experimental results as a benchmark evaluating the performance of frequent nonexperimental estimators. I find that the evaluation design successfully circumvents inherent difficulties in the experimental approach, such as ethical concerns, bureaucratic behaviour and randomisation bias. However, the voluntariness of the programme caused severe compliance problems in terms of both no-shows and dropouts. This is accounted for by analysing the effect of the “intent-to-treat” (the policy parameter of most interest), which is close to zero. Studying the effects of various doses of actual treatment, using an nonexperimental instrumental variable model, I fail to reject the hypothesis of a zero programme effect. Finally, a methodological comparison suggests that standard nonexperimental techniques succeed in reproducing the nonbiased experimental results. "Are there Pre-programme Effects of Swedish Active Labour Market Policies – Evidence from Three Randomised Experiments" This paper takes advantage of unique experimental data from three demonstration programmes in 2004 to investigate pre-programme incentive effects of active placement efforts at the employment offices in Sweden. The exit rate from unemployment between referral to and start of the programme services is compared between UI eligible experiment and control group members. The results are mixed. In one of the experiments, targeted towards a broad group of UI receivers, arranged job-search activities in groups combined with increased monitoring of job-search efforts generated a 38 per cent increase in the escape rate from unemployment in the weeks leading up to programme start. This translates into an almost two-week reduction of the ongoing UI spell. Referrals to increased monitoring alone did not have the same effect on exit behaviour. In the other two experiments, targeted towards youth and highly educated respectively, referrals to active placement efforts had no effect on the pre-programme outflow.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Langner, Taro, et al.
(författare)
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Fully convolutional networks for automated segmentation of abdominal adipose tissue depots in multicenter water–fat MRI
- 2019
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Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0740-3194 .- 1522-2594. ; 81:4, s. 2736-2745
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: An approach for the automated segmentation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in multicenter water–fat MRI scans of the abdomen was investigated, using 2 different neural network architectures.Methods: The 2 fully convolutional network architectures U‐Net and V‐Net were trained, evaluated, and compared using the water–fat MRI data. Data of the study Tellus with 90 scans from a single center was used for a 10‐fold cross‐validation in which the most successful configuration for both networks was determined. These configurations were then tested on 20 scans of the multicenter study beta‐cell function in JUvenile Diabetes and Obesity (BetaJudo), which involved a different study population and scanning device.Results: The U‐Net outperformed the used implementation of the V‐Net in both cross‐validation and testing. In cross‐validation, the U‐Net reached average dice scores of 0.988 (VAT) and 0.992 (SAT). The average of the absolute quantification errors amount to 0.67% (VAT) and 0.39% (SAT). On the multicenter test data, the U‐Net performs only slightly worse, with average dice scores of 0.970 (VAT) and 0.987 (SAT) and quantification errors of 2.80% (VAT) and 1.65% (SAT).Conclusion: The segmentations generated by the U‐Net allow for reliable quantification and could therefore be viable for high‐quality automated measurements of VAT and SAT in large‐scale studies with minimal need for human intervention. The high performance on the multicenter test data furthermore shows the robustness of this approach for data of different patient demographics and imaging centers, as long as a consistent imaging protocol is used.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Löwden, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Time of day type of food--relation to mood and hunger during 24 hours of constant conditions
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Ergology. - 0300-8134 .- 1884-3964. ; 30:1-2, s. 381-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A six-day high-carbohydrate meal (HC; 65 E% (energy percent) carbohydrates, 20 E% fat and 15 E% protein) and a six-day high-fat meal (HF; 40 E% carbohydrates, 45 E% fat and 15 E% protein) were given to seven healthy subjects in a crossover design. On the last day subjects were kept awake for 24 hours in a metabolic laboratory while substrate utilisation and energy expenditure were measured by indirect calorimetry. The subjects were given isocaloric meals every four hours. Results showed that hunger decreased at night (F = 4.2, p < 0.05) and linearly increased after meal intake. Macronutrient composition (fat/carbohydrates) seemed to be of less importance for hunger. Hunger and thirst were found to be strongly associated with gastrointestinal substances, for hunger the strongest being a negative correlation with triacylglycerol (partial correlation = -0.39). It is suggested that it might not be necessary for shift workers to eat full portions at night but that satiation will occur with less food. Possibly lack of adjustment of nocturnal food intake might be one reason why overweight is common in shift work populations.
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| 23. |
- Nilsson, Björn Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Physical capacity, respiratory quotient and energy expenditure during exercise in male patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls
- 2012
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 27:3, s. 206-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Despite massive research on weight gain and metabolic complications in schizophrenia there are few studies on energy expenditure and no current data on physical capacity. AIM: To determine oxygen uptake capacity, respiratory quotient (RQ) and energy expenditure during a submaximal exercise test in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. METHOD Ten male patients and 10 controls were included. RQ and energy expenditure were investigated with indirect calorimetry during a cycle ergometer test. The submaximal work level was defined by heart rate and perceived exhaustion. Physical capacity was determined from predicted maximal oxygen uptake capacity (VO(2-max)). RESULTS The patients exhibited significantly higher RQ on submaximal workloads and lower physical capacity. A significant lower calculated VO(2-max) remained after correction for body weight and fat free mass (FFM). Energy expenditure did not differ on fixed workloads. CONCLUSION RQ was rapidly increasing in the patients during exercise indicating a faster transition to carbohydrate oxidation and anaerobic metabolism that also implies a performance closer to maximal oxygen uptake even at submaximal loads. This may restrict the capacity for everyday activity and exercise and thus contribute to the risk for weight gain. Physical capacity was consequently significantly lower in the patients.
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| 24. |
- Weghuber, D., et al.
(författare)
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A 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 15:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Pharmacological treatment options for adolescents with obesity are very limited. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist could be a treatment option for adolescent obesity.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of exenatide extended release on body mass index (BMI)-SDS as primary outcome, and glucose metabolism, cardiometabolic risk factors, liver steatosis, and other BMI metrics as secondary outcomes, and its safety and tolerability in adolescents with obesity.METHODS: Six-month, randomized, double-blinded, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients (n = 44, 10-18 years, females n = 22) with BMI-SDS > 2.0 or age-adapted-BMI > 30 kg/m2 according to WHO were included. Patients received lifestyle intervention and were randomized to exenatide extended release 2 mg (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) subcutaneous injections given once weekly. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were conducted at the beginning and end of the intervention.RESULTS: Exenatide reduced (P < .05) BMI-SDS (-0.09; -0.18, 0.00), % BMI 95th percentile (-2.9%; -5.4, -0.3), weight (-3 kg; -5.8, -0.1), waist circumference (-3.2 cm; -5.8, -0.7), subcutaneous adipose tissue (-552 cm3 ; -989, -114), 2-hour-glucose during OGTT (-15.3 mg/dL; -27.5, -3.1), total cholesterol (11.6 mg/dL; -21.7, -1.5), and BMI (-0.83 kg/m2 ; -1.68, 0.01) without significant change in liver fat content (-1.36; -3.12, 0.4; P = .06) in comparison to placebo. Safety and tolerability profiles were comparable to placebo with the exception of mild adverse events being more frequent in exenatide-treated patients.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of adolescents with severe obesity with extended-release exenatide is generally well tolerated and leads to a modest reduction in BMI metrics and improvement in glucose tolerance and cholesterol. The study indicates that the treatment provides additional beneficial effects beyond BMI reduction for the patient group.
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| 25. |
- Aalto, Aino-Maija
(författare)
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The (in)effectiveness of financial incentive on fertility behaviour : Childcare –a safety net for children?
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Is childcare a safety net for vulnerable children? This paper investigates the role of childcare for the health outcomes of children whose parents are unemployed. Exploiting time variation in childcare access resulting from a reform requiring Swedish municipalities to provide childcare also for children with unemployed parents, we estimate causal effects on health, as measured by register data on hospitalizations. We find that access to childcare reduced hospitalizations for infections among toddlers, especially among boys. Among children in preschool age access to childcare caused a temporary increase in hospitalization for infections the year they got access to childcare.
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| 26. |
- Ahlsson, Fredrik, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Adipokines and their relation to maternal energy substrate production, insulin resistance and fetal size
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-2115 .- 1872-7654. ; 168:1, s. 26-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:The role of adipokines in the regulation of energy substrate production in non-diabetic pregnant women has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that serum concentrations of adiponectin are related to fetal growth via maternal fat mass, insulin resistance and glucose production, and further, that serum levels of leptin are associated with lipolysis and that this also influences fetal growth. Hence, we investigated the relationship between adipokines, energy substrate production, insulin resistance, body composition and fetal weight in non-diabetic pregnant women in late gestation.STUDY DESIGN:Twenty pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance were investigated at 36 weeks of gestation at Uppsala University Hospital. Levels of adipokines were related to rates of glucose production and lipolysis, maternal body composition, insulin resistance, resting energy expenditure and estimated fetal weights. Rates of glucose production and lipolysis were estimated by stable isotope dilution technique.RESULTS:Median (range) rate of glucose production was 805 (653-1337)μmol/min and that of glycerol production, reflecting lipolysis, was 214 (110-576)μmol/min. HOMA insulin resistance averaged 1.5±0.75 and estimated fetal weights ranged between 2670 and 4175g (-0.2 to 2.7 SDS). Mean concentration of adiponectin was 7.2±2.5mg/L and median level of leptin was 47.1 (9.9-58.0)μg/L. Adiponectin concentrations (7.2±2.5mg/L) correlated inversely with maternal fat mass, insulin resistance, glucose production and fetal weight, r=-0.50, p<0.035, r=-0.77, p<0.001, r=-0.67, p<0.002, and r=-0.51, p<0.032, respectively. Leptin concentrations correlated with maternal fat mass and insulin resistance, r=0.76, p<0.001 and r=0.73, p<0.001, respectively. There was no correlation between maternal levels of leptin and rate of glucose production or fetal weight. Neither were any correlations found between levels of leptin or adiponectin and maternal lipolysis or resting energy expenditure.CONCLUSION:The inverse correlations between levels of maternal adiponectin and insulin resistance as well as endogenous glucose production rates indicate that low levels of adiponectin in obese pregnant women may represent one mechanism behind increased fetal size. Maternal levels of leptin are linked to maternal fat mass and its metabolic consequences, but the data indicate that leptin lacks a regulatory role with regard to maternal lipolysis in late pregnancy.
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| 27. |
- Ahlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin Resistance, a Link between Maternal Overweight and Fetal Macrosomia in Nondiabetic Pregnancies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Hormone research in paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826. ; 74:4, s. 267-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: During the last decades the number of large for gestational age infants delivered by nondiabetic mothers has increased. Our aim was to investigate to what extent fetal growth in nondiabetic pregnant women can be explained by rates of maternal energy substrate production and resting energy expenditure. Methods: Twenty nonsmoking pregnant women without impaired glucose tolerance and with a wide range of fetal weights (0.2-2.7 SDS) were investigated at 36 weeks of gestation. Maternal lipolysis, glucose production, resting energy expenditure, body composition and insulin resistance were assessed.Results: Median (range) glucose production rate was 805 (653-1,337) mumol/min and that of glycerol, reflecting lipolysis, was 214 (110-576) mumol/min. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that maternal fat mass explained 36% of the variation in insulin resistance, accounting for 62% of the variation in glucose production. Further, glucose production explained 31% of the variation in fetal weight. Resting energy expenditure explained 51% of the variation in estimated fetal weight. Conclusion: Fetal weight is dependent on maternal glucose production, which is in turn determined by the degree of insulin resistance, induced in part by the maternal fat mass. The variation in maternal resting energy expenditure is closely related to fetal weight.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1972-
(författare)
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Causes and Labor Market Consequences of Producer Heterogeneity
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay I studies establishment-level employment changes in the Swedish Manufacturing sector over the 1972-96 period. The results show that modest changes in the aggregated employment record have been the resulting sum of rather large gross flows of jobs and that this constant reshuffling of jobs has important implications for the workforce and is closely related to process of economic growth. Shifts in employment across industries or other observable characteristic of establishments cannot explain the different employment outcomes across establishments. Essay II (with Altin Vejsiu) studies the determinants of plant closures in Swedish Manufacturing. From our theoretical framework we derive and empirically test hypotheses regarding the linkages between the probability of plant failure and industry-specific characteristics; local labor market conditions; and plant-specific sources of heterogeneity, including insider mechanisms in wage determination, plant specific human capital, selection mechanisms and technology vintage effects. Our results suggest that all these factors matter in ways that by and large conform to the a priori hypotheses. Essay III investigates the importance of access to product markets in explaining the spatial wage distribution by estimating the parameters of a spatial labor demand model. The model takes into account the effects of sorting of heterogeneous labor and heterogeneity in transportation costs. The results are consistent with the idea that increasing returns to scale together with transportation costs is an important driving force behind urban agglomeration and sizeable spatial wage differentials.Essay IV (with Harry Holzer and Julia Lane) presents a dynamic analysis of workers who persistently have low earnings over a period of three or more years. Some of these workers manage to escape from this low-earning status over subsequent years, while many do not. We analyze the characteristics of persons and especially of their firms and jobs that enable some to improve their earnings status over time.
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Josefine, 1988-
(författare)
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Insurances against job loss and disability : Private and public interventions and their effects on job search and labor supply
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay I: Employment Security Agreements, which are elements of Swedish collective agreements, offer a unique opportunity to study very early job search counselling of displaced workers. These agreements provide individual job search assistance to workers who are dismissed due to redundancy, often as early as during the period of notice. Compared to traditional labor market policies, the assistance provided is earlier and more responsive to the needs of the individual worker. In this study, I investigate the effects of the individual counseling and job search assistance provided through the Employment Security Agreement for Swedish blue-collar workers on job finding and subsequent job quality. The empirical strategy is based on the rules of eligibility in a regression discontinuity framework. I estimate the effect for workers with short tenure, who are dismissed through mass-layoffs. My results do not suggest that the program has an effect on the probability of becoming unemployed, the duration of unemployment, or income. However, the results indicate that the program has a positive effect on the duration of the next job.Essay II: The well-known positive relationship between the unemployment benefit level and unemployment duration can be separated into two potential sources; a moral hazard effect, and a liquidity effect pertaining to the increased ability to smooth consumption. The latter is a socially optimal response due to credit and insurance market failures. These two effects are difficult to separate empirically, but the social optimality of an unemployment insurance policy can be evaluated by studying the effect of a non-distortionary lump-sum severance grant on unemployment durations. In this study, I evaluate the effects on unemployment duration and subsequent job quality of a lump-sum severance grant provided to displaced workers, by means of a Swedish collective agreement. I use a regression discontinuity design, based on the strict age requirement to be eligible for the grant. I find that the lump-sum grant has a positive effect on the probability of becoming unemployed and the length of the completed unemployment duration, but no effect on subsequent job quality. My analysis also indicates that spousal income is important for the consumption smoothing abilities of displaced workers, and that the grant may have a greater effect in times of more favorable labor market conditions.Essay III: Evidence from around the world suggest that individuals who are awarded disability benefits in some cases still have residual working capacity, while disability insurance systems typically involve strong disincentives for benefit recipients to work. Some countries have introduced policies to incentivize disability insurance recipients to use their residual working capacities on the labor market. One such policy is the continuous deduction program in Sweden, introduced in 2009. In this study, I investigate whether the financial incentives provided by this program induce disability insurance recipients to increase their labor supply or education level. Retroactively determined eligibility to the program with respect to time of benefit award provides a setting resembling a natural experiment, which could be used to estimate the effects of the program using a regression discontinuity design. However, a simultaneous regime change of disability insurance eligibility causes covariate differences between treated and controls, which I adjust for using a matching strategy. My results suggest that the financial incentives provided by the program have not had any effect on labor supply or educational attainment.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Aydin, Banu K., et al.
(författare)
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High levels of FSH before puberty are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome during pubertal transition
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 17:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background During perimenopause, the rise in serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is associated with increased adiposity, insulin resistance (IR), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, data for the pubertal period, which is characterized by increasing FSH levels and changing body composition, are limited. Objectives To investigate the relationships between FSH and anthropometric changes, IR markers, and development of MetS in the peripubertal period. Methods Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Childhood Obesity (ULSCO) is an ongoing study that aims to understand the factors contributing to childhood obesity and the development of obesity-related diseases. We analysed the subset of participants who were prepubertal at the first visit (n = 95, 77 with obesity). Mean follow-up time was 3.0 +/- 1.4 years. Results Higher serum FSH levels at the first visit were associated with an increased likelihood of elevation in body mass index (BMI SDS) (p = 0.025, OR = 16.10) and having MetS (p = 0.044, OR = 4.67) at the follow-up. We observed nonlinear relationships between varying serum FSH levels and markers of adiposity and IR, especially in girls. At the first visit, when girls were prepubertal, FSH was negatively associated with BMI (beta = -0.491, p = 0.005) and positively associated with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (beta = 0.625, p = 0.002). With the progression of puberty, negative associations between BMI and SHBG disappeared while FSH became positively associated with HOMA-IR (beta = 0.678, p = 0.025) and fasting insulin (beta = 0.668, p = 0.027). Conclusions Higher serum FSH levels in prepubertal children were associated with an increased risk of MetS development during pubertal transition. Along with nonlinear associations between varying serum FSH levels and IR markers, our results might imply a relationship between FSH and IR of puberty.
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| 35. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 36. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 37. |
- Bratteby Tollerz, Linda U, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of energy cost calculations in children with cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis and healthy controls
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:12, s. 1616-1620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To study test-retest reliability of physiological cost index (PCI) and total cost index (TCI) in three groups of children. TCI modified PCI by excluding rest heart rate in calculation. Methods: Energy cost was evaluated from two consecutive walking tests, and results were compared between methods, tests and groups. Thirty-nine children, eight with cerebral palsy, 11 with cystic fibrosis and 20 healthy controls, aged 5-16 years participated in the study conducted at the Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism laboratory, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Heart rate was recorded during sitting and walking at self-selected speed. PCI and TCI were calculated using both non-steady-state and steady-state work heart rates. Test-retest reliability was analysed by mean of differences, pooled SD, coefficient of variation (CV%) and correlation coefficients. Results: Reliability was high for PCI and TCI. TCI showed consistently lower variation between tests than PCI for all groups. In the group with cerebral palsy, using non-steady-state showed highest reliability. Conclusion: Both PCI and TCI were reliable methods when calculating energy cost in children with cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis and controls. TCI seemed to be a suitable alternative in the evaluation of gait efficiency in children.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Cadamuro, Janne, et al.
(författare)
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Deviating glucose results in an international dual-center study. A root cause investigation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biochemia Medica. - : Croatian Society for Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - 1330-0962 .- 1846-7482. ; 32:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During a dual-center study on obese and normal weight children and adolescents, focusing on glucose metabolism, we observed a marked difference in glucose results (N = 16,840) between the two sites, Salzburg, Austria and Uppsala, Sweden (P < 0.001). After excluding differences in patient characteristics between the two populations as cause of this finding, we investigated other preanalytic influences. Finally, only the tubes used for blood collection at the two sites were left to evaluate. While the Vacuette FC-Mix tube (Greiner Bio-One, Kremsmunster, Austria) was used in Uppsala, in Salzburg blood collections were performed with a lithium heparin tube (LH-Monovette, Sarstedt, Germany). To prove our hypothesis, we collected two blood samples in either of these tubes from 51 children (Salzburg N = 27, Uppsala N = 24) and compared the measured glucose results. Indeed, we found the suspected bias and calculated a correction formula, which significantly diminished the differences of glucose results between the two sites (P = 0.023). Our finding is in line with those of other studies and although this issue should be widely known, we feel that it is widely neglected, especially when comparing glucose concentrations across Europe, using large databases without any information on preanalytic sample handling.
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| 40. |
- Calmfors, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Does Active Labour Market Policy Work? : Lesson from the Swedish Experiences
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish experiences of the 1990s provide a unique example of how large-scale active labour market programmes (ALMP's) have been used as a means to fight high unemployment. This paper discussses the mechanisms through which ALMPs affect (un)employment and surveys the empirical studies of the effects of ALMPs in Sweden. The main conclusions are: (i) there is hardly any evidence for a positive effect on matching efficiency; (ii) there are some indications of positive effects on labour force participation; (iii) subsidised employment seems to cause displacement of regular employment, whereas this appears not to be the case for labout market training; (iv) it is unclear whether or not ALMPs raise aggregate wage pressure in the economy; (v) in the 1990s, training programmes seem not to have enhanced the employment probabilities off participants, whereas some forms of subsidised employment seem to have had such effects; and (vi) youth programmes seem to have caused substantial displacement effects a the same time as the gains for participants appear uncertain.On the whole, ALMP's have probably reduced open unemployment, but also reduced regular employment. The overall policy conclusion is that ALMPs of the scale used in Sweden in the 1990s are not an efficient means of employment policy. To be effective, ALMPs should be used on a smaller scale. There should be a greater emphasis on holding down long-term unemployment in general and a smaller emphasis on youth programmes. ALMPs should not be used as a means to renew unemployment benefit eligibility.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Carling, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Vem blir långtidsarbetslös?
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I ett antal länder har man på senare tid utvecklat statistiska modeller som ett stöd för förmedlarna att förutsäga vilka arbetslösa som riskerar att bli långtidsarbetslösa, s k profiling. I den här rapporten redovisar vi resultaten av att skatta hasardmodeller för att förutsäga vem som riskerar att bli långtidsarbetslös bland dem som registrerar sig som arbetslösa arbetssökande vid arbetsförmedlingen. Av resultaten framgår det att den skattade modellen lyckas relativt väl med att förutsäga vem som riskerar att bli arbetslös i minst sex månader – träffsäkerheten i prognoser som görs utanför modellens skattningsperiod är nästan 70 %.
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| 43. |
- Cen, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms of beneficial effects of metformin on fatty acid-treated human islets
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. - 0952-5041 .- 1479-6813. ; 61:3, s. 91-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated levels of palmitate accentuate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) after short-term and cause beta-cell dysfunction after prolonged exposure. We investigated whether metformin, the first-line oral drug for treatment of T2DM, has beneficial effects on FFA-treated human islets and the potential mechanisms behind the effects. Insulin secretion, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), AMPK activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis were examined in isolated human islets after exposure to elevated levels of palmitate in the absence or presence of metformin. Palmitate exposure doubled GSIS after 2 days but halved after 7 days compared with control. Inclusion of metformin during palmitate exposure normalized insulin secretion both after 2 and 7 days. After 2-day exposure to palmitate, OCR and the marker of the adaptive arm of ER stress response (sorcin) were significantly raised, whereas AMPK phosphorylation, markers of pro-apoptotic arm of ER stress response (p-EIF2α and CHOP) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) were not affected. Presence of metformin during 2-day palmitate exposure normalized OCR and sorcin levels. After 7-day exposure to palmitate, OCR and sorcin were not significantly different from control level, p-AMPK was reduced and p-EIF2α, CHOP and cleaved caspase 3 were strongly upregulated. Presence of metformin during 7-day culture with palmitate normalized the level of p-AMPK, p-EIF2α, CHOP and cleaved caspase 3 but significantly increased the level of sorcin. Our study demonstrates that metformin prevents early insulin hypersecretion and later decrease in insulin secretion from palmitate-treated human islets by utilizing different mechanisms.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Ciba, Iris, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of different states of glucose intolerance in Sri Lankan children and adolescents with obesity and its relation to other comorbidities.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 22:2, s. 168-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: South Asian adults have higher prevalence of obesity comorbidities than other ethnic groups. Whether this also is true for Sri Lankan children with obesity has rarely been investigated.OBJECTIVE: To investigate prevalence of glucose intolerance and other comorbidities in Sri Lankan children with obesity and compare them with Swedish children. To identify risk factors associated with glucose intolerance.SUBJECTS: A total of 357 Sri Lankan children (185 boys), aged 7 to 17 years with BMI-SDS ≥2.0 from a cross-sectional school screening in Negombo. A total of 167 subjects from this study population were matched for sex, BMI-SDS and age with 167 Swedish subjects from the ULSCO cohort for comparison.METHODS: After a 12 hour overnight fast, blood samples were collected and oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Body fat mass was assessed by bioelectrical impedance assay. Data regarding medical history and socioeconomic status were obtained from questionnaires.RESULTS: Based on levels of fasting glucose (FG) and 2 hours-glucose (2 hours-G), Sri Lankan subjects were divided into five groups: normal glucose tolerance (77.5%, n = 276), isolated impaired fasting glucose according to ADA criteria (9.0%, n = 32), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (8.4%, n = 30), combined impaired fasting glucose (IFG) + impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (3.1%, n = 11) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (2.0%, n = 7). FG, 2 hours-insulin and educational status of the father independently increased the Odds ratio to have elevated 2 hours-G. Sri Lankan subjects had higher percentage of body fat, but less abdominal fat than Swedish subjects.CONCLUSION: High prevalence in Sri Lankan children with obesity shows that screening for glucose intolerance is important even if asymptomatic.
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| 47. |
- Ciba, Iris, et al.
(författare)
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Studies in children with obesity in two European treatment centres show a high prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism in the Swedish cohort
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 113:2, s. 286-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the prevalence and possible risk factors for the development of impaired glucose metabolism in children and adolescents with obesity.Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective cohort study, including 634 patients with obesity and 98 normal weight controls aged 4-18 years from the Beta-cell function in Juvenile Diabetes and Obesity (Beta-JUDO) cohort, a dual-centre study at Uppsala University Hospital (Sweden) and Paracelsus Medical University Hospital (Salzburg, Austria) conducted between 2012 and 2021. A longitudinal subgroup analysis, including 188 of these subjects was performed. Impaired glucose metabolism was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance tests according to American Diabetes Association criteria.Results: The prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism was 72% in Uppsala patients, 24% in Salzburg patients, 30% in Uppsala controls and 13% in Salzburg controls. The prevalence was lower at the follow-up visits compared with baseline both in Uppsala and Salzburg patients. A family history of type 2 diabetes showed the strongest association with impaired glucose metabolism at the follow-up visits besides belonging to the Uppsala cohort.Conclusion: The prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism was extraordinarily high in Swedish children and adolescents with obesity, but decreased during the follow-up period.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Direct displacement effects of labour market programmes : the case of Sweden
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using a panel of 260 Swedish municipalities over the period 1987-1996, this paper investigates the direct displacement effects of active labour market programmes (ALMPs). Compared to earlier studies on this topic, we have more and better data. From our GMM estimations, we find that (i) there are direct displacement effects from those ALMPs that generate subsidised labour (in the order of approximately 65 percent), but there seems to be no (significant) displacement effects from training, (ii) most ALMPs seem to increase labour force participation, and (iii) the adjustment to the optimal level of employment seems to be sluggish. A consequence of (ii) is that the earlier studies have overstated the displacement effects (since they normalised with the labour force).
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| 50. |
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