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1.	Nilsson, Kerstin, et al. (författare) 54 forskare: Inte alla klarar höjd pensions-ålder 2017 Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm. - 1101-2412. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet, så att fler klarar att arbeta i högre ålder. Att enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern är inte långsiktigt hållbart, skriver 54 forskare.DEBATT \| PENSIONForskning visar att cirka var fjärde har en diagnos eller skada orsakad av sitt arbete. Detta gör arbetsorsakad sjukdom och skada till ett betydelsefullt folkhälsoproblem. Att då enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för samtliga (yrkes)grupper utifrån deras kronologiska ålder är inte långsiktigt hållbart när individers biologiska ålder är så olika bland annat till följd av arbetslivet. Detta är en demokratifråga. Forskning om äldre i arbetslivet och hållbart arbete visar att man då främst flyttar individer från pensionssystemet till sjukförsäkringssystemet och ökar klyftorna i samhället.Debatt Det här är en argumenterande text med syfte att påverka. Åsikterna som uttrycks är skribentens egna.Vi är 54 forskare som nu gemensamt har skrivit denna debattartikel. Anledningen är att vi är oroade över att cirka var fjärde blir sjuk av sitt arbete samtidigt som man i det förslag som ligger om att senarelägga ålderspensionen i princip utgår ifrån att arbetskraftsdeltagande enbart styrs av ekonomin. Vi vill trycka på betydelsen av åtgärder i arbetslivet för att komma tillrätta med ohälsan, det vill säga inte enbart ekonomiska restriktioner som tvingar folk som inte kan, vill och orkar att stanna kvar i arbetslivet till en högre kronologisk ålder.Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att förtjäna möjligheter till pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån antalet år sedan en person föddes, då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Den svenska sjukförsäkringsreformen 2008 avsåg att få tillbaka människor i arbete. Men studien fann att den faktiskt bidrog till att fler gick i tidig ålderspension av dem som var i åldern 55–64 år. Ökningen var störst bland korttidsutbildade. Mer än 5 procent fler gick i tidig ålderspension då det blev svårare att få sjukpenning och sjukersättning. Vi kan notera att det är vanligare att manliga chefer tar ut tidig ålderspension, jämfört med kvinnliga maskinskötare inom tillverkningsindustrin. I vissa yrken är det dessutom vanligare att människor, trots pension, både orkar och faktiskt ges möjlighet att arbeta vidare om de har en specialkompetens som efterfrågas. Om vi endast kombinerar ekonomiska morötter med piskor finns en stor risk att vi ökar klyftan mellan grupper som både kan och vill fortsätta att yrkesarbeta och personer som av olika skäl inte längre kan eller orkar.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas och våra attityder som är kopplade till ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.”Morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi.Forskning visar att pedagogik som bygger på ”morötter” oftast är betydligt bättre än ”piskor” för att nå framgångsrika och långsiktiga mål. ”Morötter” i samhället, för organisationer, företag och individer är därför viktiga för god arbetshälsa och fortsatt produktivitet och kan bidra till ett längre arbetsliv även för grupper som tidigare inte ens klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. Genom forskning inom området har bland annat swage-modellen utarbetats. Detta är ett verktyg som visar på komplexiteten i ett hållbart arbetsliv och tillsammans med systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete, handlingsplaner och åtgärder syftar till ett mer hållbart arbetsliv. Morötter är enligt forskningen i detta sammanhang åtgärder för en god fysisk och mental arbetsmiljö, avpassad arbetsbelastning, stödjande teknik, att man kan anpassa arbetstakten, alternativa arbetstidsmodeller vid behov. Det är viktigt att man känner sig trygg och förväntas och tillåts vara delaktig, att man blir sedd av chefen och arbetskamraterna. Att de egna arbetsuppgifterna upplevs som meningsfulla och behövda av andra skapar självförverkligande och tillfredsställelse i arbetet. Att man känner att ens arbetsuppgifter och man själv är viktig för organisationen och företaget. Att man trots högre ålder inkluderas i olika nysatsningar och får tillgång till kompetensutveckling och inte blir åsidosatt eller åldersdiskriminerad. Utvärderingar visar att de äldre medarbetarna som fick några av dessa anpassningar och möjligheter var mer effektiva, utvilade, stimulerade när de var på arbetet samtidigt som sjukfrånvaron minskade. Vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett längre arbetsliv för grupper som tidigare inte klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. I organisationer som bygger på en deltagar- och lärandekultur rustas de anställda för att klara omställningar, nya arbetsuppgifter och vid behov även yrkesbyten.Med en åldrande befolkning där allt fler lever allt längre behöver vi arbeta till en högre ålder i framtiden för att pensionssystemet ska hålla. Men ”morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi. Det kräver också att vi ändrar våra attityder och förhållningssätt till äldre på arbetsmarknaden, vilket vi bäst gör genom att organisationer och företag får incitament till och erbjuder mer individanpassade arbetsvillkor, särskilt för personer i högre ålder. Låt oss därför använda den framtagna kunskapen i praktiken för att göra arbetslivet friskt och hållbart för alla åldrar.
2.	Nilsson, Kerstin, et al. (författare) Vi är oroade över senare ålderspension 2017 Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Var fjärde person blir i dag sjuk till följd av sitt arbete. Att höja pensionsåldern för alla yrkesgrupper, utan konkreta åtgärder för att minska ohälsan, är därför problematiskt och mycket oroande. Det är, enligt forskarna, inte långsiktigt samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt att utan andra åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för alla. Vi – 54 forskare – är mycket oroade över konsekvenserna av att, som föreslagits, senarelägga ålderspensionen.Förslaget utgår i princip från arbetskraftsdeltagande i princip enbart styrs av ekonomin, medan forskningen visar att det bara är en av flera faktorer som styr hur länge och hur mycket människor väljer att arbeta.Det här sättet att lösa problemet med en åldrande befolkning och ett sviktande pensionssystem är inte samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt på lång sikt, utan riskerar bara att flytta runt folk mellan olika ersättningssystem. Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att tjäna in vår pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån ålder eller antalet år sedan en person föddes då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De med kortare utbildningstid har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har också oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ekonomin är självklart viktigt för att vi ska vilja arbeta, men den är som sagt enbart en av flera faktorer med betydelse vårt arbetsliv.Hälsotillståndet, både det fysiska och det mentala, har en avgörande betydelse för hur länge och hur mycket vi orkar arbeta. Ett fysiskt och mentalt belastande arbete är en stark riskfaktor för en nedsatt hälsa i slutet av arbetslivet. Arbetstid, arbetstakt och möjlighet till återhämtning spelar en allt större roll ju äldre vi blir. Andra aspekter är arbetsinnehåll, hur meningsfulla och stimulerande arbetsuppgifterna är, balansen mellan arbete och familjesituation och fritidsaktiviteter. Organisationskultur, ledarskapet, stöd i arbetet och kompetens har stor betydelse för om vi ska kunna och vilja arbeta till en högre ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste därför utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas samt de attityder som är kopplade till ålder.
3.	Forsman, Anna, et al. (författare) Single-tube nested quantitative PCR : a rational and sensitive technique for detection of retroviral DNA. Application to RERV-H/HRV-5 and confirmation of its rabbit origin 2003 Ingår i: Journal of Virological Methods. - 0166-0934 .- 1879-0984. ; 111:1, s. 1-11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract It was reported earlier that a few patients suffering from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had low amounts of DNA from the so-called fifth human exogenous retrovirus, HRV-5. A sensitive and rational method for large-scale screening for HRV-5 DNA was therefore developed. It is a single-tube nested quantitative PCR (stnQPCR), which uses two functionally isolated primer pairs and one probe target distinct from related endogenous retroviral sequences, yet encompassing known HRV-5 variation, allowing optimal use of sequence conservation. DNA from lymphoma, myeloma, and follicular dendritic cell lines was tested for HRV-5 positivity, as was DNA from whole blood of blood donors, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and systemic lupus erythematosus patients, as well as DNA from lymph node biopsies of rheumatoid arthritis patients with lymphoma. One blood donor, one systemic lupus erythematosus patient, two previously known positive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, and one rheumatoid arthritis lymphoma patient, came out positive. They had 24, 2, 148, 480 and 30 proviral copies per microg of DNA from PBMC or lymphoma tissue, respectively. During the completion of this work it was reported that HRV-5 is a rabbit endogenous retrovirus (RERV-H), and that HRV-5 positivity was due to presence of rabbit DNA. DNA from six RERV-H/HRV-5 positive samples was therefore retested. Three also contained rabbit mitochondrial DNA. A search for HRV-5 antibodies using synthetic peptides was negative in sera from three RERV-H/HRV-5 positive individuals, as well as in 144 other sera, according with a noninfectious origin of the RERV-H/HRV-5 DNA in human samples. A search for possible sources of rabbit DNA contamination was negative. Methods for prevention of PCR contamination were strictly adhered to. Three samples from RERV-H/HRV-5 positive individuals positive at the Uppsala laboratory were retested at one or two other laboratories, and all three were positive. Two other samples, which were positive in the Riga laboratory, were tested also in London and also found positive. One non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patient was RERV-H/HRV-5 positive in four consecutive samples, showing that positivity was a property of that patient. It is concluded that the stnQPCR developed to detect and quantify minute amounts of RERV-H/HRV-5 DNA is a principle which can be applied widely and HRV-5 is a RERV-H. Its presence in a few human blood samples could not be explained.
4.	Hurtig, Per, et al. (författare) Analys av trafiksäkerhetsutvecklingen 2022 : Målstyrning av trafiksäkerhetsarbetet mot etappmålen 2030 2023 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Det svenska trafiksäkerhetsarbetet utgår från Nollvisionen och etappmål på vägen dit. Det nuvarande etappmålet för vägtrafiken innebär en halvering av antalet omkomna, från 266 (medelvärde 20172019), till max 133 omkomna år 2030. Etappmålet innebär också att antalet allvarligt skadade i vägtrafiken ska reduceras med 25 procent utifrån ett motsvarande utgångsvärde.I denna rapport redovisas och analyseras utvecklingen av säkerheten i vägtrafiken utifrån utpekade indikatorer och antalet omkomna. Antalet allvarligt skadade redovisas inte då en ny metod för bortfallsuppräkning av antalet allvarligt skadade tas fram under 2023. Utöver beslutade nationella etappmål finns även ett etappmål på EUnivå som innebär en halvering av antalet omkomna till 2030, jämfört med 2019.
5.	Hurtig, Per, et al. (författare) Analysis of road safety trends 2022 : Management by objectives for road safety work towards the 2030 interim targets 2023 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Swedish road safety work is based on Vision Zero and designated interim targets to track progress towards its achievement. The current interim target for road safety is to halve the number of fatalities from 266 (the average annual number 20172019) to a maximum of 133 fatalities in 2030. The interim target also specifies that the number of seriously injured on the roads is to be reduced by 25 per cent from a corresponding number.This report describes and analyses current road safety trends in terms of road safety performance indicators and the numbers of fatalities. The number of seriously injured is not reported, as a new method for non-response compensation of the number of seriously injured is being developed in 2023. In addition to the adopted national interim targets there is also an interim target at the EU level that specifies a halving, by 2030, of the number of fatalities recorded in 2019.
6.	Vadeby, Anna, et al. (författare) Sleepiness and prediction of driver impairment in simulator studies using a Cox proportional hazard approach 2010 Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 42:3, s. 835-41 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cox proportional hazard models were used to study relationships between the event that a driver is leaving the lane caused by sleepiness and different indicators of sleepiness. In order to elucidate different indicators' performance, five different models developed by Cox proportional hazard on a data set from a simulator study were used. The models consisted of physiological indicators and indicators from driving data both as stand alone and in combination. The different models were compared on two different data sets by means of sensitivity and specificity and the models' ability to predict lane departure was studied.In conclusion, a combination of blink indicators based on the ratio between blink amplitude and peak closing velocity of eyelid (A/PCV) (or blink amplitude and peak opening velocity of eyelid (A/POV)), standard deviation of lateral position and standard deviation of lateral acceleration relative road (ddy) was the most sensitive approach with sensitivity 0.80. This is also supported by the fact that driving data only shows the impairment of driving performance while blink data have a closer relation to sleepiness. Thus, an effective sleepiness warning system may be based on a combination of lane variability measures and variables related to eye movements (particularly slow eye closure) in order to have both high sensitivity (many correct warnings) and acceptable specificity (few false alarms).
7.	Allard, Anna, et al. (författare) Nationell flygbildsinventering av gräsmarker och lövskogar med hjälp av ortofoton, NILS 2020 2021 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Under 2020 pågick ett intensivt utvecklingsarbete inom alla delar av de nya gräsmarks- och lövskogsinventeringarna, på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket. För flygbildsinventeringen togs en ny metodik fram med grund i den mångåriga erfarenhet som finns vid avdelningen för landskapsanalys, Institutionen för skoglig resurshushållning, SLU. I den här arbetsrapporten beskrivs arbetet som gjordes för att kunna genomföra en flygbildsinventering anpassad till de nya behov som finns i och med den stickprovsdesign, med två faser, som utvecklats och används i de nya inventeringarna. Det här är även en beskrivning av den metodik som användes inom flygbildsinventeringen för gräsmarks- och lövskogsinventeringarna 2020. Målen för inventeringarna var att inventera såväl ovanliga som vanliga naturtyper under samma paraply. Nyckeln till att det är möjligt är flygbildsinventeringen. Genom klassningar av provytor i flygbildsinventeringen kan fältinventeringen fokuseras till de naturtyper som ligger inom uppdraget från Naturvårdsverket. Klassningen inom flygbildsinventeringen gör det också möjligt att inventera ovanliga naturtyper i tätare stickprov och att anpassa stickprovstätheter utifrån regionala skillnader. Hur detta gjordes för flygbildsinventeringen 2020 beskrivs i den här arbetsrapporten. Under 2020 baserades flygbildsinventeringen framförallt på ortofoto. För att säkerställa att inventeringarna inkluderade alla provytor som potentiellt kunde innehålla en naturtyp av intresse för inventeringarna så tillämpades en princip om överklassning. Det är en statistiskt viktig princip som i praktiken innebar att provytor där marktypsklassningen var osäker gavs en aktuell klass för gräsmark- och/eller lövskogsinventeringen så att provytan gavs möjligheten att vidare väljas för fältbesök. För att försöka skilja på marktyper med olika potential för hög kvalitet användes en tidsserie av gamla ortofoton för att bedöma marktypens historiska kontinuitet i provytan. Även andra digitala skikt användes som stöd i flygbildsinventeringen.
8.	Amin, Khabat, et al. (författare) Analysis of road safety trends 2020 : Management by objectives for road safety work towards the 2020 interim targets 2021 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The Swedish road safety management is based on the Vision Zero and designated interim targets to track progress towards its achievement. 2020 was the final year for achieving the interim target of halving the number of fatalities between 2007 and 2020, i.e., a maximum of 220 fatalities in 2020. The interim target also specifies that the number of seriously injured in road traffic must be reduced by a quarter. This report describes and analyses the current road safety trends in terms of road safety performance indicators and the numbers of fatalities and seriously injured. As this report is the last for the 2007-2020 interim target period, it can be seen as a final summary of how well the targets were achieved for fatalities and seriously injured and for the safety performance indicators. However, it is also important to remember that the year 2020 coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a profound impact on virtually the entire society. This affected travel in a number of different ways, and consequently it is impossible to estimate the impact this has had on the outcome in 2020, although it probably has led to a slightly lower outcome. The table below shows starting and final values together with an overview of whether the safety performance indicators have met the 2020 targets.
9.	Anund, Anna, et al. (författare) Barn i bil - socioekonomiska faktorer : litteratur- och enkätstudie 2003 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The aim of the study was to identify relationships between no use/misuse of safety belt/child restraints and socio-economic aspects. The conclusions from the study will provide a basis for the future development of information and campaigns to increase the correct use of restraints. The study consisted of two parts: a literature review and a questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 2,010 parents of children aged 2 months–9 years. The response rate was about 70 per cent. The level of misuse among small children was lower than among older children and lower in the family car compared with the overall situation. Parents who neglected to use the safety belts themselves were more likely to be careless in ensuring that the child used recommended restraint. The results also indicated that parents who were more likely to act in contradiction with rules and recommendation concerning use of restraints were also more likely to allow their children to travel without safety belts.
10.	Anund, Anna, et al. (författare) Child safety in cars : Literature review 2003 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In order to study child safety in cars, international literature was reviewed with respect to road vehicle transportation for children, with the focus being on the age up to 12 years. The review included literature in English and Swedish. Furthermore, the review was limited to focus on results from Australia, the U.K., the USA and Sweden. To ensure that all children are protected as passengers in cars, several aspects needed to be considered.Within this study, the focus was, hence, on legal aspects and recommendations, traffic fatalities and serious injuries, the safety consequences for children due to the car development (airbags (SRS) and installation systems), use and misuse of child restraint systems (CRS) regarding medical, technical and user aspects, measurements for improvements, e.g. campaigns and, finally, children with disabilities. The review focused mainly on literature from 1990 until today. The main conclusions were that:Available statistics show that rearward facing CRS is a good preventive measure to take for enhancement of traffic safety.Impacts from the in-safety development of cars on choosing and mounting safety devices for children were found to be a crucial issue.Children exposed to an airbag deployment can be fatally injured, despite being seated in an approved child restraint system.In Sweden and the U.K. the level of child restraint usage among infants and small children was found to be at least 95% in the front seat and approximately at the same level in the rear seat. Even though the levels of usage in several countries were high, the level of misuse was alarmingly high (90%).The road transportation of children with disabilities was found to be complex and insufficiently described in the literature.
11.	Anund, Anna, et al. (författare) Driver impairment at night and its relation to physiological sleepiness. 2008 Ingår i: Scand J Work Environ Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 34:2, s. 142-50 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Driver impairment at night and its relation to physiological sleepiness.Anund A, Kecklund G, Peters B, Forsman A, Lowden A, Akerstedt T.VTI, S-581 95 Linköping, Sweden. anna.anund@vti.se.OBJECTIVES: Studies of devices detecting sleepiness need reference points of physiological sleepiness. The present study sought to validate the Karolinska drowsiness score (KDS) as an indicator of physiological sleepiness against driving impairment and eye blink duration during a 45-minute drive in an advanced moving-base driving simulator. METHODS: Data from 19 persons were used in the analysis. Electrooculography, electroencephalography, and electromyography were administered continuously. Physiological sleepiness was quantified by scoring the percentage (0-100%) of the scoring epoch with alpha and theta activity and slow eye movements (KDS). Lateral position and speed were used as measures of driving behavior. Lane departure was defined as two wheels touching the lane markers. Blink duration was used as a secondary indicator of sleepiness. RESULTS: The results showed that, for young drivers, sleepiness increased with time in the task with higher levels. The variability of the lateral position and the mean and variability of the blink duration significantly changed when sleepiness increased to KDS >/=20%. Furthermore, there was an increase in the risk of lane departure for KDS >/=30%. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that KDS scoring is a reasonable procedure for estimating physiological sleepiness under conditions of driving. The results also indicate that a younger age is associated with greater sensitivity to sleepiness at the wheel.
12.	Bjornsdottir, Halla, et al. (författare) Cytotoxic Peptides from S. aureus Cause Neutrophil Cell Death with NET-like Features 2014 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 79:6, s. 432-432 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
13.	Björk, Janina, et al. (författare) Investigating employee perceptions : Association between recognized individual talents and social wellbeing 2022 Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 13, s. 1-12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Organizations worldwide increasingly adopt inclusive talent management, and this approach appears to rhyme particularly well with the Nordic welfare model. Questions about its value remain understudied, however. The inclusive approach is rooted in positive psychology and focuses on recognizing each employee's individual talents and assessing whether they fit the long-term needs of the organization, since a fit is assumed to be associated with employees' wellbeing. In the present study, we test this assumption focusing specifically on a key talent management practice, talent identification, and the social dimension of employee wellbeing. Method: Data were collected through an employee survey conducted within the Finnish units of four international manufacturing organizations and analyzed using logistic regression (n = 618). Results: We found that the recognition of individual talents for long-term deployment by the organization is positively associated with social wellbeing in terms of supervisor support and social climate in the work unit, as perceived by the employees. Conclusion: Our results tentatively suggest that inclusive talent management creates value through the identification of employees' individual talents as this practice can be associated with their enhanced wellbeing. Copyright © 2022 Björk, Bolander and Forsman.
14.	Björk, Janina, et al. (författare) Work-life balance and work engagement across the European workforce: a comparative analysis of welfare states 2023 Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford Univ Press. - 1464-360X .- 1101-1262. ; 33:3, s. 430-434 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Few large-scale, comparative studies have examined both the positive mental well-being outcomes of work-life balance and the broader socio-economic context by which it is shaped. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between work-life balance and work engagement across a wide range of European welfare states, as well as to examine whether work-life balance varies across European countries and whether this variance can be explained by welfare regime, controlling for individual-level factors. Methods This study utilized data from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey. In total, 35 401 workers from 30 European countries could be classified into the adopted welfare regime typology. Work engagement was measured using an ultra-short version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and work-life balance with a question on the fit between working hours and family or social commitments. Due to the hierarchical structure of the data, multilevel regression models were applied. Results A statistically significant positive association between work-life balance and work engagement across the European workforce was found. Between-country variance in work-life balance was demonstrated and this can in part be explained by welfare regime. Conclusions While it has long been recognized that occupational stress and work-related mental health problems are shaped by the socio-economic context and thus regarded as public health concerns in Europe, our results suggest that this applies to well-being at work and related support factors as well.
15.	Björkman, Lena, 1965, et al. (författare) Neutrophil recruitment to inflamed joints can occur without cellular priming. 2019 Ingår i: Journal of leukocyte biology. - 1938-3673. ; 105:6, s. 1123-1130 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recruitment of neutrophils from blood to tissues is a cardinal event in inflammation during which neutrophils switch from a resting, naive state to a preactivated, primed phenotype; the priming process is characterized by alterations in the composition of cell surface adhesins, for example, shedding of l-selectin and mobilization of granule-stored integrins to the cell surface. Ligation of chemotactic receptors and interactions with the endothelial lining are established triggers of neutrophil priming and in line with this, in vivo transmigrated neutrophils obtained from tissues are typically highly primed. We here characterize the priming of neutrophils brought about by in vivo recruitment from blood to inflamed joints by the analyses of synovial fluid and blood from patients with inflammatory arthritis. For comparisons, we used controlled in vivo models of neutrophil transmigration to skin of healthy subjects. In contrast to the residing view and in vivo transmigrated neutrophils from skin models, neutrophils from synovial fluid were often surprisingly resting and phenotypically very similar to naive cells isolated from peripheral blood; synovial fluid cells often retained l-selectin and had undergone minimal up-regulation of integrin receptors. In complete agreement with our in vivo findings, cell-free synovial fluid was potently chemotactic without triggering alteration of surface receptors also in vitro. We conclude that tissue recruitment of neutrophils does not by default trigger l-selectin shedding and granule mobilization, and the chemoattractant(s) guiding neutrophils to synovial fluid apparently operate without inducing cellular priming.
16.	Björnsdottir, Halla, et al. (författare) Phenol-soluble Modulin α Peptide Toxins from aggressive Staphylococcus aureus induce rapid Formation of neutrophil extracellular Traps through a reactive Oxygen species-independent Pathway 2017 Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Neutrophils have the ability to capture and kill microbes extracellularly through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These are DNA and protein structures that neutrophils release extracellularly and are believed to function as a defense mechanism against microbes. The classic NET formation process, triggered by, e.g., bacteria, fungi, or by direct stimulation of protein kinase C through phorbol myristate acetate, is an active process that takes several hours and relies on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are further modified by myeloperoxidase (MPO). We show here that NET-like structures can also be formed by neutrophils after interaction with phenol-soluble modulin alpha (PSM alpha) that are cytotoxic membrane-disturbing peptides, secreted from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). The PSMa-induced NETs contained the typical protein markers and were able to capture microbes. The PSMa-induced NET structures were disintegrated upon prolonged exposure to DNase-positive S. aureus but not on exposure to DNase-negative Candida albicans. Opposed to classic NETosis, PSMa-triggered NET formation occurred very rapidly, independently of ROS or MPO, and was also manifest at 4 degrees C. These data indicate that rapid NETs release may result from cytotoxic membrane disturbance by PSMa peptides, a process that may be of importance for CA-MRSA virulence.
17.	Bolander, Pernilla, et al. (författare) Bottom-Up Interventions Effective in Promoting Work Engagement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2021 Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media Sa. - 1664-1078 .- 1664-1078. ; 12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Promoting work engagement is of interest to organizations across sectors due to the associated positive outcomes. This interest warrants research on the evidence of work engagement interventions. Intervention research increasingly advocates a bottom-up approach, highlighting the role of employees themselves. These workplace interventions often encourage employees to identify, develop, and make use of workplace resources. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the effectiveness and potential underlying mechanisms of these bottom-up, resource-developing interventions.Method: Systematic searches were conducted in the online databases Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Ultimate, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Publication year range was 2000-2020. Eligibility criteria were defined using PICOS. To be eligible for the systematic review, the intervention study identified had to aim at promoting working individuals' work engagement by developing workplace resources from bottom-up. Work engagement had to be measured using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The systematic review included one-, two-, or multiple-armed - randomized or non-randomized - intervention studies with various study designs. Further, a meta-analysis was conducted on a sub-set of the studies included in the systematic review. To be eligible for the meta-analysis, the studies had to be two- or multiple-armed and provide the information necessary to compute effect sizes.Results: Thirty-one studies were included in the systematic review. The majority reported that overall work engagement increased as an effect of the intervention. The evidence regarding the sub-components of work engagement was scattered. Potential underlying mechanisms explored were intervention foci, approach, and format. Dimensions of satisfaction and performance were identified as secondary outcomes. Participant experiences were generally described as positive in most of the studies applying mixed methods. The meta-analysis showed a small but promising intervention effect on work engagement (24 studies, SMD: -0.22, 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.11, with I-2=53%, indicating moderate inconsistency in the evidence).Conclusion: The synthesized evidence suggests that bottom-up, resource-developing interventions are effective in the promotion of work engagement. The meta-analysis suggests that focusing on strengths use or mobilizing ego resources and adopting a universal approach increase intervention effectiveness.
18.	Bäckström, Caroline A., et al. (författare) Parents' Experiences of Receiving Professional Support Through Extended Home Visits During Pregnancy and Early Childhood : A Phenomenographic Study 2021 Ingår i: Frontiers In Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; 9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: While becoming a parent can be challenging for all, it can particularly be challenging for those parents and children who are in a vulnerable situation—e.g., in families whose members have problems related to health, relationships, or socioeconomic status. It is essential for health care professionals to identify the more vulnerable families at an early stage. Home visits are one cost-effective way of identifying and supporting such families. This study describes the parental experiences of an intervention that involves professional support in the form of extended home visits. The aim of the study is to describe the parents' understanding of their experiences of receiving professional support through extended home visits both during pregnancy and the first 15 months of their child's life. Methods/Design: A phenomenographic approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 parents who had received the intervention. The interviews were analyzed using the seven-step phenomenography model described by Sjöström and Dahlgren. Results: The following three descriptive categories emerged from the analysis: (1) conceptions concerning the meaning of the physical environment, (2) conceptions concerning extended home visits promoting feelings of self-confidence in the parental role, and (3) conceptions concerning extended home visits promoting parental participation and relations. Conclusion and Clinical Implications: Extended home visits as a form of professional support appear to promote parental self-confidence in parenting ability, giving parents a feeling of security that facilitates conversation with professionals. Children and their entire families had natural roles during home visits, which allowed the children to behave more characteristically. Furthermore, the home visits were understood to facilitate social support through social activities at the child health center as well as integration into Swedish society for migrant parents. Professional support should be adjusted to the unique individual needs of parents, which demands a variety of supportive interventions—for example, reorganizing one or two of the regular clinical visits currently being scheduled as home visits instead.
19.	Carlsson, Anna, et al. (författare) Identification of a susceptibility locus for migraine with and without aura on 6p12.2-p21.1 2002 Ingår i: Neurology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 59:11, s. 1804-1807 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Migraine is the most common type of chronic episodic headache. To find novel susceptibility genes for familial migraine with and without aura, a genomewide screen was performed in a large family from northern Sweden. Evidence of linkage was obtained on chromosome 6p12.2-p21.1, with a maximum two-point lod score of 5.41 for marker D6S452. The patients with migraine shared a common haplotype of 10 Mb between markers D6S1650 and D6S1960.
20.	Dahlberg, Maria, et al. (författare) The Evidenced Effects of Early Childhood Interventions to Promote Mental Health and Parenting in the Nordic Countries : A Systematic Review 2023 Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health Promotion. - : Tech Science Press. - 1462-3730 .- 2049-8543. ; 25:4, s. 505-537 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The first years of life and the family context are key to the promotion and protection of children’s health and well-being, emphasizing the need for interventions aimed to support families with young children. This review aimed to explore the effectiveness of early childhood interventions developed for promoting mental health and parenting among families with young children in the Nordic countries. Six electronic databases were systematically searched, and 20 articles covering 16 studies applying various quantitative and qualitative methods met the study inclusion criteria. The studied interventions were assessed as universal health-promoting interventions and health-promoting interventions with elements of prevention. Outcomes of interest encompassed mental health, related risk and protective factors among the parents and/or the children, or child-parent interaction. The results from studies applying statistical methods show significant improvements in parents’ self-efficacy, self-esteem, and parental satisfaction, while few improvements in parents’ social support or parental relationship were identified. Improvements in social support and parental relationships were however reported in qualitative studies. Most quantitative studies reporting on parents’ mental health problems and stress found a significant decrease, and qualitative studies highlighted experienced positive effects on mental health and well-being. The majority of studies reporting on children’s mental health and/or development as well as strengths and difficulties indicated a statistically significant positive development. No significant changes were however found for existing behaviora lproblems. The majority of studies examining parenting strategies and/or parent-child interaction found significant positive changes after the interventions. In sum, although findings are heterogeneous, early childhood interventions show various positive effects on the parenting and mental health of both children and their parents. The fact that different types of initiatives have been developed and implemented can be seen as an advantage, considering the varying needs and expectations of different families.
21.	Dahlman, Joakim, 1974, et al. (författare) Eye tracking during high speed navigation at sea: Field trial in search of navigational gaze behaviour 2008 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th annual meeting of the society for human performance in extreme environments. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
22.	Ehrenberg, Anna, et al. (författare) Nyexaminerade sjuksköterskors användning av forskningsresultat och tillämpning av evidensbaserad vård 2013 Ingår i: Verksamhetsförlagd utbildning i högskolans vårdutbildningar – Att stödja lärande den 13-14 november 2013 i Skövde. Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
23.	Engdahl, Cecilia, 1983, et al. (författare) The role of total and cartilage-specific estrogen receptor alpha expression for the ameliorating effect of estrogen treatment on arthritis. 2014 Ingår i: Arthritis research & therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6362 .- 1478-6354. ; 16:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Estrogen delays onset and decreases severity of experimental arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of total estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) expression and cartilage-specific ERalpha expression in genetically modified mice for the ameliorating effect of estrogen treatment in experimental arthritis.
24.	Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al. (författare) An analysis of cyclists' speed at combined pedestrian and cycle paths 2019 Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: In Sweden, cyclists, pedestrians, and moped riders share the space on combined pedestrian and cycle paths, and their speeds may differ greatly. As a starting point, this article studies the speed component and how cyclists' speed varies at pedestrian and cycle paths depending on the day, week, and year; road user composition; and road design.Methods: Three data sources were used: 1) Existing measurements of cycle speed and flow at 17 sites in 3 different Swedish municipalities; 2) complementary measurements of cycle speed and flow at 5 sites; and 3) roadside observations of bicycle types at these 5 new sites.Results: The average speed of cyclists on the paths varied between 12.5 and 26.5 km/h. As expected, the lower average speeds were found in uphill directions, near intersections, and on paths with high pedestrian flows. The higher speeds were found in downhill directions and on commuter routes. In all, 70%-95% of road users observed on pedestrian and cycle paths were cyclists, and 5%-30% were pedestrians. The 2 sites with the highest proportion of electric-assisted bicycles and racer bicycles also had the highest average speeds.Conclusions: The relationship between bicycle type and measured speed was not entirely clear, but the results suggest that paths with higher proportions of electric and racer bicycles have higher average speeds. There also appears to be a connection between average speed and the width of the distribution; that is, the higher the average speed, the wider the speed distribution. More research is needed on how speed levels and speed variance affect accident risk.
25.	Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al. (författare) Cyklisters hastigheter : Kartläggning, mätningar och observation 2017 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract På gång- och cykelvägar blandas många olika trafikanter med skilda hastighetsanspråk. Skillnader i hastighet skulle kunna vara en orsak till brister i samspel trafikanterna emellan och till att incidenter och olyckor uppstår. Syftet med detta projekt är att få ökad kunskap om cyklisters hastigheter på gång- och cykelvägar och förståelse för hur cyklisterna anpassar hastigheten till omgivande trafikanter och trafikmiljö. Tre olika typer av data har använts: Hastighet och cykelflöde från tidigare mätningar i kommunerna Eskilstuna, Linköping och Stockholm på totalt 18 platser; hastighet och cykelflöde i Linköping (4 platser) och Stockholm (1 plats) från nya mätningar; observationer avseende typ av cyklar vid dessa fem platser. Utöver detta har vi också sammanställt några utvalda referenser.Data visar att cyklisternas medelhastighet på utvald sträcka varierar mellan 15 och 25 kilometer i timmen. Som väntat förekommer de lägre medelhastigheterna i uppförsbacke, vid närhet till korsning och vid stort fotgängarflöde medan de högre framför allt märks i nedförsbacke och på pendlingsstråk. Vi kan inte påvisa någon generell ökning av cyklisternas hastighet i ett längre tidsperspektiv, vare sig i medelhastighet eller andel cyklister som håller högre fart än 30 kilometer i timmen. Däremot har cykelflödet ökat på många platser. Det innebär att antalet cyklister som håller en hög hastighet, exempelvis över 30 kilometer i timmen, ökar, även om inte andelen ökar. Detta kan felaktigt uppfattas som ökade medelhastigheter. Ungefär 70–95 procent av de trafikanter som observerades på gång- och cykelvägarna var cyklister och cirka 5–30 procent var fotgängare. En ytterst liten andel var mopedister, endast 0,2 procent. Komfortcykeln var den vanligast förekommande typen av cykel, följt av trekkingcykel. Elcykel förekom på alla platser, men i varierande omfattning från 1 till 10 procent. Racercykel förekom också på alla platser, mellan 1–15 procent. Sambandet mellan typen av cykel och hastighetsanspråk är inte helt entydigt, men resultaten stöder påståendet att cyklister på elcykel och racercykel har högre hastighetsanspråk.
26.	Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al. (författare) Enhetlig metod för cykelflödesmätningar : en förberedande studie 2019 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Nationellt, regionalt och i många av Sveriges kommuner finns målsättningar om ökad cykling. Dessa målsättningar är dock svåra att följa upp, då cykeltrafikens storlek inte mäts och följs upp i samma omfattning som exempelvis biltrafiken. Myndigheten Trafikanalys fick i uppdrag av regeringen att utveckla och föreslå en enhetlig metod för systematiska mätningar av cykeltrafik på lokal och regional nivå och det arbetet avrapporterades i januari 2018. Cykeltrafiken kan mätas på olika sätt och de två vanligaste metoderna är via flödesmätningar i gaturummet eller via resvaneundersökningar. I denna rapport fokuserar vi enbart på cykelflödesmätningar i gaturummet. Nuvarande upplägg av cykelflödesmätningar gör det inte möjligt att skatta cykeltrafikarbetet i kommunen, då det inte genomförs några flödesmätningar på systemnivå för hela det cykelbara vägnätet. För att nå en bred tillämpning, behöver det utredas vilka eventuella hinder som finns för att använda Trafikanalys enhetliga metod vilket förslagsvis görs i följande tre steg, där steg 1 beskrivs i denna rapport:1. Förberedande studie: Föreslå ett upplägg av en pilotstudie.2. Genomföra en pilotstudie för att kunna fastställa en enhetlig metod.3. Fastställande av den slutliga enhetliga metoden.Syftet med den förberedande studie som presenteras i den här rapporten, är att utifrån kommunala förutsättningar anpassa Trafikanalys enhetliga metod för att skatta cykeltrafikarbetet genom flödesmätningar i kommuner. Den förberedande studien ska också mynna ut i ett förslag till upplägg av en pilotstudie där den anpassade metoden testas och frågeställningar gällande avgränsningar och definitioner kan avgöras. Tanken är att pilotstudien ska genomföras i ett uppföljande projekt i ett antal kommuner för att resultera i ett slutligt fastställande av en enhetlig metod för att skatta cykeltrafikarbetet som får en bredare tillämpning och kan användas för uppföljning av såväl lokala som nationella målformuleringar gällande cykling.
27.	Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al. (författare) Injured cyclists with focus on single-bicycle crashes and differences in injury severity in Sweden 2022 Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 165 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract While cycling is promoted as a clean, energy-efficient mode of transport generating physical activity, the number of injured cyclists must decrease to achieve traffic safety goals. The extent of the single bicycle crashes (SBCs) and crash causes are rather well studied. This study expands this knowledge by focusing on differences in injury severity. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between injury severity and characteristics of the crash and the cyclist with focus on SBCs. Furthermore, injury risk is calculated for different age classes and sexes, as well as for different purposes of the trip. The results are based on injured cyclists in Sweden (N = 105,836) registered in STRADA, 2010–2019, by both the police and accident and emergency departments (A&Es), with a special focus on injury severity reported by the A&Es. Binary logistic regression was applied to analyse how the odds of being severely injured differed for different cyclists and situations. Results from of the National Travel Survey, 2011–2016, were used to study differences in distance travelled with respect to sex, age group and purpose of the trip. Given that the cyclist is injured in an SBC, the results show a higher probability of being severely injured (maximal AIS 3 or more) for cyclists 45 years or older compared to younger cyclists, for males compared to females and for cyclists not wearing a helmet compared to cyclists wearing a helmet. A higher probability for severe injury was also found for crashes occurring during leisure trips compared to work/school trips, crashes occurring during weekdays compared to weekends and crashes at intersections and road stretches compared to pedestrian and cycle paths. Furthermore, the risk of being severely injured in an SBC per km travelled was higher for cyclists aged 45 and older and during a leisure trip. © 2021 The Author(s)
28.	Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al. (författare) Säkerhetseffekten av ökat cyklande : kartläggning av nuläget för att planera för framtiden 2017 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Under senare år har cykeln lyfts fram som ett transportmedel med många positiva egenskaper och i nationella strategidokument har det uttryckts en önskan om att cyklingen ska öka. Samtidigt poängteras att säkerheten för cyklister måste bli bättre så att en ökad cykling inte leder till fler skadade och omkomna cyklister. För att klara av att öka cyklandet utan att försämra säkerheten, behövs underlag för att fatta beslut om vilka åtgärder som behöver genomföras. Bland annat behövs bättre kunskap om sambandet mellan cykelflöde och skaderisk i olika trafikmiljöer.I syfte att studera hur sättet att använda cykeln förändras över tid och hur cyklisters skaderisk påverkas av cykelflöde och trafikmiljön, har tre olika delstudier genomförts i det här projektet. I den första delstudien har en modell utvecklats som innehåller både färdmedelsval och destinationsval för cykel. I den andra delstudien har modeller för skaderisker hos cyklister utvecklats för olika olyckstyper och trafikmiljöer. I den tredje delstudien har interaktioner mellan olika trafikanter observerats, i syfte att studera hur dessa påverkas av nivån på cykelflödet. Sammantaget visar studierna i projektet att cykelflödet har betydelse för cyklisters olycksrisk. Högre flöden ger färre interaktioner per cyklist och lägre risk att skadas i såväl singelolyckor som kollision med motorfordon. Vi har också kunnat visa att det är möjligt att modellera färdmedels- och destinationsval för cykel såväl som att med hjälp av modeller beskriva effekter på cyklisters skaderisk. För att kunna göra bättre skattningar som mer rättvist beskriver verkligheten behövs dock ett bättre dataunderlag till modellerna, framförallt när det gäller cykelresor och beskrivning av cykelinfrastrukturen.
29.	Forslund, Anna-Lena, 1964-, et al. (författare) Direct repeat-mediated deletion of a type IV pilin gene results in major virulence attenuation of Francisella tularensis 2006 Ingår i: Molecular Microbiology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0950-382X .- 1365-2958. ; 59:6, s. 1818-1830 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularaemia, is a highly infectious and virulent intracellular pathogen. There are two main human pathogenic subspecies, Francisella tularensis ssp. tularensis (type A), and Francisella tularensis ssp. holarctica (type B). So far, knowledge regarding key virulence determinants is limited but it is clear that intracellular survival and multiplication is one major virulence strategy of Francisella. In addition, genome sequencing has revealed the presence of genes encoding type IV pili (Tfp). One genomic region encoding three proteins with signatures typical for type IV pilins contained two 120 bp direct repeats. Here we establish that repeat-mediated loss of one of the putative pilin genes in a type B strain results in severe virulence attenuation in mice infected by subcutaneous route. Complementation of the mutant by introduction of the pilin gene in cis resulted in complete restoration of virulence. The level of attenuation was similar to that of the live vaccine strain and this strain was also found to lack the pilin gene as result of a similar deletion event mediated by the direct repeats. Presence of the pilin had no major effect on the ability to interact, survive and multiply inside macrophage-like cell lines. Importantly, the pilin-negative strain was impaired in its ability to spread from the initial site of infection to the spleen. Our findings indicate that this putative pilin is critical for Francisella infections that occur via peripheral routes.
30.	Forsman, Anna, et al. (författare) Development of broadly targeted human endogenous gammaretroviralpol-based real time PCRs Quantitation of RNA expression in human tissues 2005 Ingår i: Journal of Virological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-0934 .- 1879-0984. ; 129:1, s. 16-30 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Endogenous retroviral sequences (ERVs) are dynamic genomic components with profound influences on gene expression and genomic structure. Their extent of expression is not well known. Several broadly targeted real-time reverse transcription PCR (QPCRs) systems for surveillance of RNA expression of the major groups of human gammaretroviral ERVs were constructed. The highly conserved reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) domains of the pol gene were used as targets for the PCRs, which were both probe-based (TaqMan) and probe-less (SYBR Green). Different levels of primer and probe degeneracy, with or without inosine, were tested. Several of the PCRs had sensitivities of a few HERV nucleic acid copies per PCR reaction. Specificities were approximately as expected from the fit of primers and probes. Gammaretroviral HERV RNA expression was studied in different human tissues. Each HERV group had a specific pattern of expression. HERV-E was highly expressed in testis, HERV-I/T in brain and testis, HERV-H in brain and testis, while HERV-W was highly expressed in placenta. Gammaretroviral RNA was not detected in plasma from 50 blood donors in saliva from 20 persons. In conclusion, a set of tools for investigation of gammaretroviral HERV RNA expression was created.
31.	Forsman, Anna K., et al. (författare) Contribution of the Nordic School of Public Health to the public mental health research field : a selection of research initiatives, 2007-2014 2015 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 43, s. 66-72 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The field of public mental health has been defined by an expert group convened by the Nordic School of Public Health (NHV) as encompassing the experience, occurrence, distribution and trajectories of positive mental health and mental health problems and their determinants; mental health promotion and prevention of mental disorders; as well as mental health system policies, governance and organization. The mental health priorities of the Nordic Council of Ministers in 2010 signalled a mutual Nordic exchange of knowledge in the following thematic areas: child and adolescent mental health; working life and mental health; mental health in older people; strengthening the role of primary care in mental health service provision; stronger involvement of users and carers; and reduction of use of coercion in psychiatric care. Efforts to realize these priorities included commissioning the Nordic Research Academy for Mental Health, an NHV-based network of research institutions with a common interest in mental health research across the Nordic countries, to develop, organize and follow-up projects on public mental health. The research initiatives included mental health policy analysis, register-based research and research focused on the users' perspective in a Nordic context, as well as EU-level research policy analysis. The public mental health research conducted at the NHV highlighted the complexity of mental health and emphasized that the broad determinants of mental health need to be increasingly addressed in both public health research and practice. For example, health promotion actions, improved access to health care, a healthy alcohol policy and prevention of suicides and violence are all needed to reduce the life expectancy gap - a red flag indicator of public health inequalities. By exchanging knowledge and best practice, the collaboration between the Nordic countries contributes to the welfare of the region. The expertise and traditions developed at the NHV are of significant importance in this work.
32.	Forsman, Anna K, et al. (författare) Research priorities for public mental health in Europe: recommendations of the ROAMER project. 2015 Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 25:2, s. 249-254 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The ROAdmap for MEntal health Research in Europe project aimed to create an integrated European roadmap for mental health research. Leading mental health research experts across Europe have formulated consensus-based recommendations for future research within the public mental health field.
33.	Forsman, Anna, et al. (författare) The psychosocial effects of a health promotion intervention for community-dwelling older adults in Sweden - Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone Study 2014 Ingår i: Nordic Congress of Gerontology, Gothenburg, 25-28 May 2014. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
34.	Forsman, Fredrik, et al. (författare) Eye tracking during high speed naviation at sea : Field trial in search of navigational gaze behaviour 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Transportation Technologies. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2160-0473 .- 2160-0481. ; 2, s. 277-283 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: Professional high speed sea navigational procedures are based on turn points, courses, dangers and steering cues in the environment. Since navigational aids have become less expensive and due to the fact that electronic sea charts can be integrated with both radar and transponder information, it may be assumed that traditional navigation by using paper based charts and radar will play a less significant role in the future, especially among less experienced navigators. Possible navigational differences between experienced and non-experienced boat drivers is thus of interest with regards to their use of navigational aids. It may be assumed that less experienced navigators rely too much on the information given by the electronic sea chart, despite the fact that it is based on GPS information that can be questioned, especially in littoral waters close to land.Method: This eye tracking study investigates gaze behaviour from 16 experi- enced and novice boat drivers during high speed navigation at sea.Results: The results show that the novice drivers look at objects that are close to themselves, like instrumentation, while the experienced look more at objects far away from the boat. This is in accordance with previous research on car drivers. Further, novice boat drivers used the elec-tronic navigational aids to a larger extent than the experienced, especially during high speed conditions. The experienced drivers focused much of their attention on objects outside the boat.Conclusions: The findings verify that novice boat drivers tend to rely on electronic navigational aids. Experienced drivers presumably use the navigational aids to verify what they have observed in the surrounding environment and further use the paper based sea chart to a larger extent than the novice drivers.
35.	Forsman, Henrietta, et al. (författare) A longitudinal study of nurses' research use the first two years post-graduation. 2009 Ingår i: The 2009 Knowledge Utilization Colloqium. - Wales. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
36.	Forsman, Huamei, et al. (författare) Galectin 3 Aggravates Joint Inflammation and Destruction in Antigen-Induced Arthritis 2011 Ingår i: ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM. - : John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 63:2, s. 445-454 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective. Galectin 3, an endogenous beta galactoside-binding lectin, plays an important role in the modulation of immune responses. The finding that galectin 3 is present in the inflamed synovium in patients with rheumatoid arthritis suggests that the protein is associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. We undertook this study to investigate the influence of galectin 3 deficiency in a murine model of arthritis. Methods. Wild-type (WT) and galectin 3-deficient (galectin 3(-/-)) mice were subjected to antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) through immunization with methylated bovine serum albumin. The concentration of serum cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF alpha]) and antigen-specific antibodies was evaluated using a cytometric bead array platform and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cellular IL-17 responses were examined by flow cytometry, ELISA, and enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Results. The joint inflammation and bone erosion of AIA were markedly suppressed in galectin 3(-/-) mice as compared with WT mice. The reduced arthritis in galectin 3(-/-) mice was accompanied by decreased levels of antigen-specific IgG and proinflammatory cytokines. The frequency of IL-17-producing cells in the spleen was reduced in galectin 3(-/-) mice as compared with WT mice. Exogenously added recombinant galectin 3 could partially restore the reduced arthritis and cytokines in galectin 3(-/-) mice. Conclusion. Our findings show that galectin 3 plays a pathogenic role in the development and progression of AIA and that the disease severity is accompanied by alterations of antigen-specific IgG levels, systemic levels of TNF alpha and IL-6, and frequency of IL-17-producing T cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo evidence that galectin 3 plays a crucial role in the development of arthritis.
37.	Forsman, Henrietta, et al. (författare) Low research use among newly graduated nurses : a threat to patient safety? 2011 Ingår i: Medicinska Riksstämman 2011. - Stockholm. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Background: The application of research-based knowledge in clinical practice has the potential to improve quality of care, effectiveness and safety. However, the gap between research and practice is well-known and has been addressed globally. Among the educational goals of nursing education are abilities of critical reflection and implementation of new knowledge into practice. Knowledge about the extent of newly graduated nurses’ research use (RU) in clinical practice and factors that can hinder or facilitate their RU is however scarce. Aim: The overall aim of the thesis presented here was to study nurses’ self-reported RU the first three years postgraduation, change in RU over time and associated factors. Further, the aim was to study nursing students’ RU intentions and whether intention and educational factors could predict RU behavior. Methods: Data derive from the LANE study, a national and longitudinal survey study comprising three cohorts of nursing students, subsequently nurses, graduating in 2002, 2004 and 2006. Outcome measures were instrumental, conceptual and persuasive RU (IRU, CRU and PRU) at one, two and three years postgraduation (Y1, Y2, Y3), as well as IRU intention in last term of undergraduate studies. Results: At all time points, IRU was reported as most prevalent, followed by CRU and finally PRU. About one third of the respondents reported IRU on half or more than half of the working shifts. Seven different RU profiles across the three kinds of RU were identifed. The two clusters representing overall low RU were predominating, representing about half or more of the samples. Low users tended to become even lower over time between Y1 and Y2. A number of individual, organizational and educational factors were found as significantly related to overall low RU at Y2. IRU intention in last term of undergraduate studies showed that 34% of the sample intended to use research to a larger extent and IRU intention predicted IRU behavior at Y1. In addition, intention acted as a mediating factor for the effects from a number of other educational factors on IRU behavior. Implications: The results constitute unique knowledge. Considering today’s demand for evidence-based nursing practice, the relatively low extent of RU is worrying and may impact patient safety. Multiple factors were associated with the extent of RU the first years postgraduation and results have implications both for undergraduate nursing education and the healthcare organization.
38.	Forsman, Henrietta, et al. (författare) Newly graduated nurses’ research use in clinical practice – a pattern-oriented approach 2008 Ingår i: Knowledge Translation 2008: Forum for the Future. - Banff, Kanada. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
39.	Forsman, Henrietta, et al. (författare) Nurses' research utilization two years after graduation : a national survey ofassociated individual, organizational, and educational factors 2012 Ingår i: Implementation Science. - London : BioMed Central. - 1748-5908. ; 7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background. Nurses' research utilization (RU) as part of evidence-based practice is strongly emphasized in today's nursing education and clinical practice. The primary aim of RU is to provide high-quality nursing care to patients. Data on newly graduated nurses' RU are scarce, but a predominance of low use has been reported in recent studies. Factors associated with nurses' RU have previously been identified among individual and organizational/contextual factors, but there is a lack of knowledge about how these factors, including educational ones, interact with each other and with RU, particularly in nurses during the first years after graduation. The purpose of this study was therefore to identify factors that predict the probability for low RU among registered nurses two years after graduation.Methods. Data were collected as part of the LANE study (Longitudinal Analysis of Nursing Education), a Swedish national survey of nursing students and registered nurses. Data on nurses' instrumental, conceptual, and persuasive RU were collected two years after graduation (2007, n = 845), together with data on work contextual factors. Data on individual and educational factors were collected in the first year (2002) and last term of education (2004). Guided by an analytic schedule, bivariate analyses, followed by logistic regression modeling, were applied.Results. Of the variables associated with RU in the bivariate analyses, six were found to be significantly related to low RU in the final logistic regression model: work in the psychiatric setting, role ambiguity, sufficient staffing, low work challenge, being male, and low student activity.Conclusions. A number of factors associated with nurses' low extent of RU two years postgraduation were found, most of them potentially modifiable. These findings illustrate the multitude of factors related to low RU extent and take their interrelationships into account. This knowledge might serve as useful input in planning future studies aiming to improve nurses', specifically newly graduated nurses', RU.
40.	Forsman, Henrietta, et al. (författare) Nurses’ use of research findings in clinical practice - a prospective study of the first two years post-graduation 2009 Ingår i: Conference on Advances in Health Care Science Research. - Stockholm. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
41.	Forsman, Huamei, et al. (författare) Reactivation of Desensitized Formyl Peptide Receptors by Platelet Activating Factor: A Novel Receptor Cross Talk Mechanism Regulating Neutrophil Superoxide Anion Production 2013 Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Neutrophils express different chemoattractant receptors of importance for guiding the cells from the blood stream to sites of inflammation. These receptors communicate with one another, a cross talk manifested as hierarchical, heterologous receptor desensitization. We describe a new receptor cross talk mechanism, by which desensitized formyl peptide receptors (FPRdes) can be reactivated. FPR desensitization is induced through binding of specific FPR agonists and is reached after a short period of active signaling. The mechanism that transfers the receptor to a non-signaling desensitized state is not known, and a signaling pathway has so far not been described, that transfers FPRdes back to an active signaling state. The reactivation signal was generated by PAF stimulation of its receptor (PAFR) and the cross talk was uni-directional. LatrunculinA, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, induced a similar reactivation of FPRdes as PAF while the phosphatase inhibitor CalyculinA inhibited reactivation, suggesting a role for the actin cytoskeleton in receptor desensitization and reactivation. The activated PAFR could, however, reactivate FPRdes also when the cytoskeleton was disrupted prior to activation. The receptor cross talk model presented prophesies that the contact on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane that blocks signaling between the G-protein and the FPR is not a point of no return; the receptor cross-talk from the PAFRs to the FPRdes initiates an actin-independent signaling pathway that turns desensitized receptors back to a signaling state. This represents a novel mechanism for amplification of neutrophil production of reactive oxygen species.
42.	Forsman, Henrietta, et al. (författare) Research use in clinical practice : extent and patterns among nurses one and three years postgraduation 2009 Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 65:6, s. 1195-1206 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim. This paper is a report of a study of nurses’ research use in clinical practice one and three years postgraduation in Sweden.Background. Internationally, learning to critically appraise and use research is an educational objective within nursing training, with the aim of promoting research use in nursing practice. The extent to which these skills is acquired and used among relatively newly graduated nurses is largely unexplored, however.Method. A descriptive study was conducted in 2006 using a national longitudinal survey of two nursing cohorts one (n = 1,365) and three (n = 933) years postgraduation. The self-reported extent of instrumental, conceptual and persuasive research use was measured. Data were analysed using both variable- and pattern-oriented approaches based on cluster analysis.Results. Research use was reported to occur in about half or fewer of the working shifts. In both samples, seven clusters of nurses with different research use profiles were identified. Clusters representing overall low and very low users in all three types of research use were predominant both at one (45·6%) and three (51·6%) years postgraduation, whereas clusters of nurses reporting overall high research use were uncommon. The proportion of very low users was larger 3 years after graduation than 1 year after graduation.Conclusions. The low extent of reported research use, raises the question of whether scientific perspectives included in nursing education are translated into clinical application. The pattern-oriented approach illustrates the complexity of research use and identification of typical research use profiles in specific contexts may have potential to guide interventions aimed at supporting evidence-based practice.
43.	Forsman, Henrietta, et al. (författare) Research use in nursing practice and its association to educational, individual and work contextual factors 2007 Ingår i: 7th Conference on Advances in health Care Science Research. - Stockholm. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
44.	Forsman, Henrietta, et al. (författare) Research use in nursing practice in relation to educational, individual and work contextual factors. 2007 Ingår i: Knowledge Utilization Colloquium. - Stockholm. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
45.	Forsman, Huamei, et al. (författare) Response to Letter by X. Li, Q. Y. Zhou, F. L. Yuan. Galectin-3 as a novel therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis: comment on the article by Forsman et al 2011 Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 63:10 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
46.	Forsman, Huamei, et al. (författare) Stable formyl peptide receptor agonists that activate the neutrophil NADPH-oxidase identified through screening of a compound library. 2011 Ingår i: Biochemical pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2968 .- 0006-2952. ; 81:3, s. 402-411 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The neutrophil formyl peptide receptors (FPR1 and FPR2) are G-protein coupled receptors that can induce pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory activities when activated. Accordingly, these receptors may become therapeutic targets for the development of novel drugs to be used for reducing the inflammation induced injuries in asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases and traumatic shock. We screened a library of more then 50K small compounds for an ability of the compounds to induce a transient rise in intracellular Ca(2+) in cells transfected to express FPR2 (earlier called FPRL1 or the lipoxin A(4) receptor). Ten agonist hits were selected for further analysis representing different chemical series and five new together with five earlier described molecules were further profiled. Compounds 1-10 gave rise to a calcium response in the FPR2 transfectants with EC(50) values ranging from 4×10(-9)M to 2×10(-7)M. All 10 compounds activated human neutrophils to release superoxide, and based on the potency of their activity, the three most potent activators of the neutrophil NADPH-oxidase were further characterized. These three agonists were largely resistant to inactivation by neutrophil produced reactive oxygen species and shown to trigger the same functional repertoire in neutrophils as earlier described peptide agonists. Accordingly they induced chemotaxis, granule mobilization and secretion of superoxide. Interestingly, the oxidase activity was largely inhibited by cyclosporine H, an FPR1 selective antagonist, but not by PBP10, an FPR2 selective inhibitor, suggesting that FPR1 is the preferred receptor in neutrophils for all three agonists.
47.	Forsman, Huamei, et al. (författare) The beta-galactoside binding immunomodulatory lectin galectin-3 reverses the desensitized state induced in neutrophils by the chemotactic peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe: role of reactive oxygen species generated by the NADPH-oxidase and inactivation of the agonist 2008 Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2423 .- 0959-6658. ; 18:11, s. 905-12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Neutrophils interacting with a chemoattractant gradually become nonresponsive to further stimulation by the same agonist, a process known as desensitization. Receptor desensitization is a highly regulated process that involves different mechanisms depending on which receptor-ligand pair that is studied. Galectin-3, a member of a large family of beta-galactoside-binding lectins, has been suggested to be a regulator of the inflammatory process, augmenting or directly triggering the neutrophil functional repertoire. We show here that the desensitized state of neutrophils interacting with the chemotactic peptide fMLF is broken by galectin-3 and that this is achieved through an oxygen radical-mediated inactivation of the chemoattractant. The effect was inhibited by the competitor lactose and required the affinity of galectin-3 for N-acetyllactosamine, a saccharide typically found on cell surface glycoproteins. The latter was shown using a galectin-3 mutant that lacked N-acetyllactosamine binding activity, and this protein was not active. The mechanism behind the inactivation of the chemoattractant was found to depend on the ability of galectin-3 to induce a neutrophil generation/secretion of reactive oxygen species which in combined action with myeloperoxidase inactivated the peptides.
48.	Forsman, Henrietta, et al. (författare) The complexity of research use – extent and patterns among nurses one and three years post-graduation 2008 Ingår i: 9th European Doctoral Conference in Nursing Science. - Maastricht, The Netherlands. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
49.	Forsman, Huamei, et al. (författare) The leukocyte chemotactic receptor FPR2, but not the closely related FPR1, is sensitive to cell-penetrating pepducins with amino acid sequences descending from the third intracellular receptor loop. 2013 Ingår i: Biochimica et biophysica acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3002. ; 1833:8, s. 1914-1923 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Lipidated peptides (pepducins) can activate certain G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) through a unique allosteric modulation mechanism involving cytosolic receptor domains. Pepducins with the amino acid sequence of the third intracellular loop of the neutrophil formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) as a common denominator were N-terminally conjugated with palmitic acid. F2Pal16, containing the 16 amino acids present in the third intracellular loop of FPR2, induced superoxide production in human neutrophils and the activity was sensitive to FPR2 antagonists. Cells over-expressing FPR2 were similarly responsive and responded with a transient increase in cytosolic calcium. No such effects were observed with the corresponding FPR1 pepducin. The peptide alone, lacking palmitic acid, did not activate neutrophils. A ten amino acid long pepducin F2Pal10, that was a more potent neutrophil activator than F2Pal16, was used for amino acid substitution studies. The sequences of FPR1 and FPR2 in the third intracellular loop differ by only two amino acids, and a pepducin with the FPR2-specific K231 replaced by the FPR1-specific Q231 lost all activity. The active F2Pal10 pepducin also triggered a response in cells expressing a mutated FPR2 with the third intracellular loop identical to that of FPR1. The data presented suggest that the same signaling pathways are activated when the signaling cascade is initiated by a classical receptor agonist (outside-in signaling) and when signaling starts on the cytosolic side of the membrane by a pepducin (inside-in signaling). A fundamental difference is also disclosed between the two neutrophil FPRs regarding their sensitivities to third intracellular loop pepducins.
50.	Forsman, Henrietta, et al. (författare) Use of research by nurses during their first two years after graduating 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 66:4, s. 878-890 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim. This paper reports on a study of research use among nurses two years after graduation, as well as changes over time in research use in relation to changes in working conditions. Background. The demand for evidence-based practice is widely expressed, and newly graduated nurses should possess the skills to provide high-quality care based on the best knowledge available. The way in which nurses use research during the first few years after graduating is, however, largely unknown. Method. As part of a national longitudinal survey, nurses reported their extent of instrumental, conceptual and persuasive research use in 2006 (n = 1365) and 2007 (n = 1256). Data were analysed cross-sectionally and prospectively, using variable- and pattern-oriented methods. Results. Instrumental research was reported most frequently, on about half of the working shifts. Seven profiles of research use were found, showing structural stability over time when compared with results from year 1. Most typically, nurses maintained the same profile over time; moreover, low users tended to become even lower users. Two years after graduation, 54 center dot 9% reported overall low use. Changes in working conditions did not explain the decrease in research use. Conclusion. The results support previous claims of a gap between research and clinical practice. The predominance of overall low users is alarming and requires further research, including investigation of individual and organizational factors, to study their impact on nurses' research use.

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