| 1. |
- Humar, Miha, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction of the COST FP 1303 Cooperative Performance Test
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 46th IRG Annual Meeting.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- COST Action FP 1303 “Performance of bio-based building materials” successfully started in October 2013 and an ambitious program was set up for the four year programme. COST Actions provide an excellent opportunity for collaborative research, e.g. in the frame of Round Robin tests.The idea of this respective test was to distribute a fairly simple test set up to as many places in Europe as possible in order to collect performance data reflecting the range of climatic exposure conditions. Furthermore we wanted to consider performance in its manifold meaning, i.e. optical, aesthetical, moisture and functional performance and durability. In contrast to traditional Round Robin tests aiming on comparative evaluation and validation of results from different test laboratories, this initiative aims on collecting performance data under climatically different exposure conditions. Therefore it was required to provide weather data from the respective test sites to allow establishing relationships between climate conditions and the following measured, which shall be evaluated regularly: decay, discolouration, development of mould and other staining fungi, corrosion, formation of cracks and moisture performance (if data logging device is included). Further details about the test and the first outcomes are presented in this paper.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bayat Pour, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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A Literature Review of Probabilistic Hygrothermal Assessment for Building Envelopes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - 0360-1323.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a state-of-the-art review of the evolution of probabilistic hygrothermal assessments of building envelopes. First, relevant literature was identified by employing a systematic methodology, including scoping and systematic searches, quality assessment, and study analysis. The analysis, based on 143 selected publications, provides statistical insights into uncertainty propagation and sensitivity analysis methods, geographical distributions, climatic conditions, sustainability perspectives, uncertain parameter groups, employed metamodels, hygrothermal analysis tools, model dimensions, building usage, and moisture-related damage models. The results illustrate that the majority of probabilistic hygrothermal assessment studies, exceeding 95%, are not explicitly incorporating sustainability perspectives, including environmental, economic, and societal. Also, to enhance the accuracy in this field, it is important to integrate hygrothermal functions as uncertain input variables, given their potential to significantly impact hygrothermal performance compared to single material properties. While 90% of studies are confined to 1D modelling, extending research to 2D and 3D is advised to capture more complicated details. Moreover, case studies in tropical climates, where moisture-related issues can be prevalent, are noticeably lacking. Sensitivity analysis faces limitations due to its transient nature and variable interactions, necessitating identification of methods capable of non-linear and interactive analyses with low computational costs. Furthermore, several studies neglect ambient conditions and building usage considerations as stochastic variables, highlighting the need for comprehensive analyses. Lastly, understanding the merits and limitations of metamodeling methods is crucial for achieving reliable and robust hygrothermal analyses. The paper concludes by outlining the identified gaps and offering recommendations for future research in this field.
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| 5. |
- Bayat Pour, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Mould reliability analysis combined with mould health risks for decision support
- 2023
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. ; 2918
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common solutions for building energy-efficient buildings constitute e.g., double-glazed windows, airtight building envelopes and highly insulated walls. These solutions may improve the indoor environment/comfort but can also lead to adverse effect, e.g., mould at the surface of the construction components and consequently human health problems. With this study, a mould risk assessment including health consequences, a decision analysis and their adaptation to different types of building envelopes are developed. Within the frame of a mould risk and decision analysis, a physics and biology-based mould reliability analysis is combined with a medical science-based health occurrence and consequence model on an interdisciplinary basis. For the minimization of the expected consequences, an Inutility Decision Analysis (IDA) including an objective function is introduced and applied to a case study. An external wooden frame wall in a residential building is analysed and optimized with IDA quantitatively modelling the expected life cycle costs and the mould induced health risk of design alternatives. The calculation of the probability of mould occurrence is based on hygrothermal and mould reliability analysis. The health consequences are calculated with the conditional probability of asthma as inferred from the odds ratio in medical literature. The costs of choosing a type of external wall, are modelled based on the costs of the materials and works related to assembling them. The design alternative with the minimum aggregated risks and expected cost, i.e., expected inutility is selected. Within the assumptions of the example, it is demonstrated that mould health consequences constitute an important part of the expected inutilities.
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| 6. |
- Bayat Pour, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Robust probabilistic modelling of mould growth in building envelopes using random forests machine learning algorithm
- 2023
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - 0360-1323. ; 243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Probabilistic methods can be used to account for uncertainties in hygrothermal analysis of building envelopes. This paper presents methods for robust mould reliability analysis and identification of critical parameters. Mould indices are calculated by probabilistic hygrothermal analysis, followed by the application of the "Finnish mould growth model." To increase the robustness of the mould growth analysis, a random forests metamodel is first trained on the dataset and then used to expand the number of simulations. Finally, the reliability is calculated based on the probability of exceeding a given maximum mould index limit state. Critical parameters are identified through a sensitivity analysis based on linear and non-linear dependencies between inputs and maximum mould index. The methods are demonstrated by analysing three external wall assemblies. In conclusion, the mould reliability analysis method helps to assess the robustness of the hygrothermal analysis and mould assessment by investigating the influence of hygrothermal variables' uncertainties on the maximum mould index. By combining a metamodel with probabilistic analysis, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of time required to evaluate a large number of scenarios.
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| 9. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Crespo-Leiro, Maria G., et al.
(författare)
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European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry (ESC-HF-LT): 1-year follow-up outcomes and differences across regions
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 18:6, s. 613-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsThe European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry (ESC-HF-LT-R) was set up with the aim of describing the clinical epidemiology and the 1-year outcomes of patients with heart failure (HF) with the added intention of comparing differences between participating countries. Methods and resultsThe ESC-HF-LT-R is a prospective, observational registry contributed to by 211 cardiology centres in 21 European and/or Mediterranean countries, all being member countries of the ESC. Between May 2011 and April 2013 it collected data on 12440 patients, 40.5% of them hospitalized with acute HF (AHF) and 59.5% outpatients with chronic HF (CHF). The all-cause 1-year mortality rate was 23.6% for AHF and 6.4% for CHF. The combined endpoint of mortality or HF hospitalization within 1year had a rate of 36% for AHF and 14.5% for CHF. All-cause mortality rates in the different regions ranged from 21.6% to 36.5% in patients with AHF, and from 6.9% to 15.6% in those with CHF. These differences in mortality between regions are thought reflect differences in the characteristics and/or management of these patients. ConclusionThe ESC-HF-LT-R shows that 1-year all-cause mortality of patients with AHF is still high while the mortality of CHF is lower. This registry provides the opportunity to evaluate the management and outcomes of patients with HF and identify areas for improvement.
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| 15. |
- Crocetti, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
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Raka balkar och pelare
- 2016. - 5
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Ingår i: Limträhandbok : Del 2. Projektering av limträkonstruktioner - Del 2. Projektering av limträkonstruktioner. - 9789198030464 ; , s. 53-69
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 16. |
- Frühwald, Eva
(författare)
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Analysis of structural failures in timber structures: Typical causes for failure and failure modes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Engineering Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7323 .- 0141-0296. ; 33:11, s. 2978-2982
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collapses of timber structures are negative for the competitiveness of timber on the construction market. The question is what can be done to reduce the risk for failure in timber structures in the future. For this purpose a comprehensive survey and analysis of failures in 127 timber structures have been made. The present paper summarises the results from this survey with an analysis of the underlying causes and associated conclusions and recommendations. The most common cause of failure is related to weaknesses in or lack of strength design (41.5%), followed by poor principles during erection (14.1%), on-site alterations (12.5%) and insufficient or lack of design with respect to environmental actions (11.4%). In total, about half of the failures are caused by the designer and about one fourth of the failures are caused by the personnel working at the building site. Wood quality, production methods and production principles only cause a small part (together about 11%) of the failures.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Frühwald, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Design of safe timber structures - How can we learn from structural failures in concrete, steel and timber?
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During recent years, several spectacular collapses happened in large timber structures and the question is what can be done to prevent future failures. The main hypothesis for this project has been that quality assurance, control systems and improved training may be necessary, since the unwanted events are primarily related to human errors. A survey of failures in 127 timber structures has been made and results with an analysis of the underlying causes and associated conclusions and recommendations are presented. The most common failure causes are poor strength design (41%), poor principles during erection (14%), on-site alterations (13%) and poor design with respect to environmental actions (11%). Wood quality, production methods and production principles only cause a small part (together about 11%) of the failures. The problem is therefore not the wood material, but designers and workers in the building process.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Frühwald, Eva
(författare)
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Effect of high-temperature drying and restraint on twist of Norway spruce
- 2007
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Ingår i: Drying Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-2300 .- 0737-3937. ; 25:1-3, s. 489-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During drying, timber distortion is a major defect mainly due to shrinkage anisotropy, differences in longitudinal shrinkage, and spiral grain. The distortion can be reduced by external restraint and use of appropriate kiln schedules. The research presented here is part of a project on the improvement of shape stability of Norway spruce by high-temperature drying. The effects of drying temperatures between 80 and 170 degrees C and restraint on the extent of twist in Norway spruce were investigated on 30 cm lengths. Results show that significant twist reduction could be achieved in restrained specimens sawn from core wood. This effect was permanent even after exposure to subsequent moisture cycling. In addition to high-temperature drying, heat-treated material (Thermowood (R)) was also investigated. As for the high-temperature dried material, twist amplitude in moisture cycling was highest for pith-in specimens. Increased heat-treatment temperature reduced the twist amplitude, thus improving the shape stability. However, for the material dried in this study, shape stability was not influenced by the drying temperature.
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| 21. |
- Frühwald, Eva
(författare)
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Effect of high-temperature drying on properties of Norway spruce and larch
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-3768. ; 65:6, s. 411-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In timber drying, mechanical properties may be changed due to treatment temperature and treatment duration. In general, when increasing the kiln temperature, drying time is decreased and some timber properties are negatively affected. In this study, the effect of different drying temperatures (80, 120 and 170 degrees C) on equilibrium moisture content and sorption rate, on bending strength and stiffness was investigated for Norway spruce and larch from four proveniences and the results were compared to those obtained for heat-treated wood (Thermowood(R)). The experiments confirm earlier research that both treatment temperature and treatment duration affect the properties. High-temperature drying or treatment can be optimized for several applications, yielding strong but not so durable timber or vice versa.
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| 22. |
- Frühwald, Eva
(författare)
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Effect of high-temperature drying on spruce and larch Shape stability, mechanical properties and mould growth
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Shape stability, the ability of the wood to retain its shape, is one of the most important parameters when using timber as a building material and for other applications. Generally, timber undergoes changes in dimensions and shape when its moisture content is changed. However, this can often not be tolerated in constructions and thus, methods to improve the shape stability have to be found. In this thesis, the influence of high-temperature drying on the immediate shape stability after drying but also on the long-term behaviour under in-service conditions was studied for Norway spruce and different larch species. Special focus was on twist, as this is the predominant distortion type leading to downgrading of Scandinavian timber species. Small-scale specimens were dried at high temperatures (120?C and 170?C) and compared to conventional drying (80?C). All drying schedules, independent of temperature, included pre-steaming and steaming phases at saturated conditions (98?C, 98 % relative humidity). The effect of restrained drying or top-loading was investigated by restraining half of the boards during the drying process. After completed drying, all specimens were moisture-cycled to investigate the permanency of shape stability and distortion reduction attained during restrained drying. The influence of drying temperatures on shape stability of spruce was also compared to commercial heat-treatment. The results showed that high-temperature drying is an alternative for Scandinavian timber species such as Norway spruce and larch. Distortions, especially twist, were successfully reduced by restrained drying and the obtained shape stability was permanent, even in changing humidity conditions. Drying temperature did not influence shape stability, but similar results were found for shape stability for drying at temperatures levels 80, 120 and 170?C. The good shape stability for low-temperature drying (80?C) is most probably achieved by the pre-steaming and steaming phases, which constituted a short high-temperature treatment with corresponding softening and creep behaviour. Excessively twisted boards were heat-treated at 95?C to investigate the possibility to reduce twist. Twist could be effectively reduced by heat-treatment, however, twist increased slightly in subsequent moisture cycling. These results confirm earlier studies in that excessively twisted boards can be straightened by heat-treatment, as mechano-thermal creep helps to attain the desired shape of the board. High-temperature drying influences both the chemical and physical properties of timber. In this study, sorption behaviour, stiffness (static and dynamic modulus of elasticity in bending), bending strength and toughness were investigated. It could be shown that stiffness is more or less unaffected by drying temperature, whereas bending stress decreases with increasing drying temperature. The toughness tests did not show a clear tendency of strength loss with increasing temperature. Finally, the effect of different drying temperatures and heat-treatment on the susceptibility for mould growth was studied. It could be stated that all kiln drying temperatures resulted in about equal mould growth levels, whereas air-drying had lower and heat-treatment substantially lower mould levels. Other factors influencing the amount of mould growth were presence of sapwood or heartwood and the type of surface ? original drying surface or re-sawn surface.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Frühwald, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Image analysis study of mould susceptibility of spruce and larch wood dried or heat-treated at different temperatures
- 2008
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Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 3:1-2, s. 55-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, mould growth on wood was investigated by image analysis. The studied parameters were drying and heat-treatment temperatures (20-210°C), original and resawn surface and different wood species (spruce and larch). Small specimens—some of which were inoculated with a spore suspension—were stored under humid conditions and photographed once a week. Mould growth was assessed by image analysis. In general, results found in earlier studies regarding the influence of several parameters could be confirmed. Image analysis was found to be a useful method to quantify mould growth in an objective and reproducible way.
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| 27. |
- Frühwald, Eva
(författare)
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Improvement of shape stability by high-temperature treatment of Norway spruce - Effects of drying at 120 degrees C with and without restraint on twist
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-3768. ; 64:1, s. 24-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During drying, timber changes its shape mainly due to shrinkage anisotropy, radial differences in longitudinal shrinkage and spiral grain. The warp, causing severe downgrading of the timber, can be reduced by restraint and appropriate climate treatments of different types. The research presented here is part of a larger project on the improvement of shape stability of Norway Spruce (Picea abies) by high-temperature treatment. In this part, a method for determining twist as well as results for a drying temperature of 120 degrees C are presented. The effects of presteaming, drying and steaming with and without restraint on the size of twist in Norway Spruce were investigated in laboratory scale. Short-term twist-reducing effects as well as the permanency of the reduced distortions in subsequent moisture cycling were investigated. Results show a clear dependency of twist on the distance from the pith. Furthermore, the twist is reduced in restrained specimens sawn close to the pith. This effect is permanent even after exposure to subsequent moisture cycling.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Frühwald, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers’ view on combining assessment elements into a holistic assessment concept
- 2008
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedAssessments of students’ knowledge and skills are sometimes habitually performed, but the design of proper assessment concepts – beneficial to both teaching and learning – ought to be a central issue for all course planners in higher education. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss a variety of assessment elements, as well as ways in which to combine them. It uses experiences from Lund University’s Faculty of Engineering (LTH) to provide suggestions and advice for course planners. The discussion is based on the combination of a literature review in the field of teaching and learning, of empirical material obtained from surveys and group discussions with 22 teachers at LTH, and of the authors’ own experiences in their capacity as course leaders and teachers. The study reveals a preference for projects and written assessment, as compared with the less preferred individual oral assessment. The paper indicates potential for quality enhancements through the adapted tailoring of assessment elements into holistic assessment concepts.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Frühwald Hansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Failure analysis on timber structures
- 2011
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Ingår i: Assessment of failures and malfunctions - guidelines for quality control. - 9783844001617
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Frühwald Hansson, Eva
(författare)
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Konstruktionssystem för limträ
- 2016. - 5
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Ingår i: Limträhandbok : Del 2. Projektering av limträkonstruktioner - Del 2. Projektering av limträkonstruktioner. - 9789198030464 ; , s. 39-52
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Frühwald Hansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Mould development
- 2017
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Ingår i: Performance of bio-based building materials. - 9780081009826 - 9780081009925
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 41. |
- Frühwald Hansson, Eva
(författare)
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Takåsar
- 2016. - 5
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Ingår i: Limträhandbok : Del 2. Projektering av limträkonstruktioner - Del 2. Projektering av limträkonstruktioner. - 9789198030464 ; , s. 166-169
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 42. |
- Johansson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidens biobaserade byggande och boende : Slutrapport
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aimof the project "Biobased building and living for the future" was to create conditions for increased use of bio-based products and services in the construction sector in Sweden and Europe and to increase the competitiveness of the Swedish timber manufacturing industry. The project has shown ways to develop E-commerce, parts of the production where increased digitalization leads to increased capacity and quality, as well as solutions for development of floor systems, external walls and tall timber buildings. The project has shown development opportunities to increase the use of bio-based products that implemented will increase competitiveness.The project has been divided into eleven sub-projects to study the various aspects of external factors, market conditions and business models, process development and product development. Within each sub-project, several workshops have been carried out to jointly evaluate results and decide the next step in the sub-project. Through joint workshops, the partners have also been able to meet and share results across the sub-projects and spread knowledge and create networks within the industry. The last part is perceived as very valuable by both the companies and the academy / institute.For the joinery value chain, a current situation analysis has been carried out and shown how the development of E-commerce platforms must be combined with process development in order to have a large effect. The results will be utilized in the companies' strategy work ahead. For the timber building value chain, demonstrators have shown development opportunities for both process and product development. The next step for the companies is to evaluate the various solutions linked to their own production conditions.
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| 43. |
- Klasson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Design for lateral stability of slender timber beams considering slip in the lateral bracing system
- 2018
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Ingår i: Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-0124. ; 16, s. 157-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates the significance of potential slip in the bracings of simply supported slender timber members. Three bracing configurations are considered. The first case is that of a timber beam braced at one point at mid-span, the second one braced at two points and the third one braced at three points. Possible slip in the bracing members can for example be due to joint deformation, initial crookedness of purlins and slack (or relaxation) of cables in the stabilizing bay (catenary action). In this study, it is shown that slip in the bracing system can result in a reduced load-bearing capacity (due to larger beam stresses) of the beams. Also, the greater the slip, the greater lateral deflections and consequent bracing forces of the braced member. A simplified approach, using a larger initial geometrical imperfection, to account for potential slip in bracings is also evaluated. This approach is found to work reasonably well in terms of stresses and bracing forces, but underestimates the lateral displacements.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Klasson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Slender Roof Structures - Failure Reviews and a Qualitative Survey of Experienced Structural Engineers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-0124. ; 15, s. 174-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many slender roof structures have collapsed due to snow loading and instability. Although accurate stability calculations can be performed using theoretical models, these calculations may not always reflect the behaviour of real structures as a result of the uncertainties relating to e.g. loading, material behaviour, geometry, initial imperfections and the actual boundary conditions of the structure. As a result, the approach to stability design requires subjective decisions by the structural engineer concerning loading and modelling assumptions. This paper investigates the significance of these types of decisions made by structural engineers in designing slender roof structures. This investigation is based on a review of previous failure studies together with a survey of 17 experienced structural engineers. The results of this investigation indicate that most structural failures are a result of human errors; thus, a suitable strategy for avoiding errors is through quality control and design checking. Moreover, a significant discrepancy was observed concerning design assumptions made by the engineers in the study. Some of these assumptions, e.g. a non-conservative choice of the buckling length of a beam, have a significant negative impact to structural safety. It is therefore recommended that the structural engineers involved in the design of a structure have adequate experience and a holistic mindset. Another recommendation is that both drawings and design calculations are thoroughly reviewed before construction. Also, temporary bracing to be used during construction should be included in design. Finally, it is important that the communication between different partners in the design of a structure is satisfying.
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| 46. |
- Klasson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Slender steel columns : How they are affected by imperfections and bracing stiffness
- 2016
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Ingår i: Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-0124. ; 8, s. 35-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finite-element programs can be used for designing columns and their bracing systems. It is well known, however, that the output obtained from such programs is highly dependent upon the input (such as imperfections and stiffness properties). In the present study, the effects of imperfections on the predicted strength and stiffness requirements of steel columns and of their bracing systems are investigated. Two different systems are analyzed: 1) a braced non-sway column and 2) a braced sway column. It was found that a poor choice of the shape of the initial imperfections can provide unrealistic results in terms of both the buckling load on the columns and the predicted reactions of the bracings. It was also found that superimposing different imperfection shapes can contribute to obtaining realistic and trustworthy results. Furthermore, it was shown that the shapes of the initial imperfections that lead to the lowest buckling load and those that result in the strongest bracing forces, are generally not the same.
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| 47. |
- Maggioni, Aldo P., et al.
(författare)
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Are hospitalized or ambulatory patients with heart failure treated in accordance with European Society of Cardiology guidelines? Evidence from 12 440 patients of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 15:10, s. 1173-1184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate how recommendations of European guidelines regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for heart failure (HF) are adopted in clinical practice. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe ESC-HF Long-Term Registry is a prospective, observational study conducted in 211 Cardiology Centres of 21 European and Mediterranean countries, members of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). From May 2011 to April 2013, a total of 12 440 patients were enrolled, 40.5 with acute HF and 59.5 with chronic HF. Intravenous treatments for acute HF were heterogeneously administered, irrespective of guideline recommendations. In chronic HF, with reduced EF, reninangiotensin system (RAS) blockers, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid antagonists (MRAs) were used in 92.2, 92.7, and 67.0 of patients, respectively. When reasons for non-adherence were considered, the real rate of undertreatment accounted for 3.2, 2.3, and 5.4 of the cases, respectively. About 30 of patients received the target dosage of these drugs, but a documented reason for not achieving the target dosage was reported in almost two-thirds of them. The more relevant reasons for non-implantation of a device, when clinically indicated, were related to doctor uncertainties on the indication, patient refusal, or logistical/cost issues. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThis pan-European registry shows that, while in patients with acute HF, a large heterogeneity of treatments exists, drug treatment of chronic HF can be considered largely adherent to recommendations of current guidelines, when the reasons for non-adherence are taken into account. Observations regarding the real possibility to adhere fully to current guidelines in daily clinical practice should be seriously considered when clinical practice guidelines have to be written.
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| 48. |
- Meyer-Veltrup, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Design and performance prediction of timber bridges based on a factorization approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Wood Material Science and Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Service life of timber bridges is predominantly affected by the site-specific climatic conditions in terms of moisture and temperature over time, the overall design, the design of details, and the choice of materials. In recent years, a performance-based methodology has been developed to predict (1) the material climatic conditions within timber components from macro climate data and comparison between design details, (2) decay intensity from material climate data, and (3) the material resistance as a combined effect of wood-inherent properties and its moisture dynamics. Within the WoodWisdomNet project ‘Durable Timber Bridges’ we emphasized on utilizing exposure, decay, and resistance models for a comprehensive guideline for the design of timber bridges. Therefore, a factorization approach is presented based on dose–response relationship between wood material climate and responding fungal decay. The concept does also allow for quantifying the material resistance of untreated, modified, and preservative-treated wood using factors based on laboratory and field durability tests and short-term tests for capillary water uptake, adsorption, and desorption dynamics. The findings from the present study have the potential to serve as an instrument for design and service life prediction of timber structures and will be implemented in an engineering design guideline for timber bridges.
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| 49. |
- Mårtensson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Byggkonstruktion
- 2017
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Lärobok i Konstruktionsteknik
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| 50. |
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