| 1. |
- Bausch, Birke, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Characterization of the Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Susceptibility Genes SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 for Gene-Informed Prevention
- 2017
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Ingår i: JAMA Oncology. - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 3:9, s. 1204-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Effective cancer prevention is based on accurate molecular diagnosis and results of genetic family screening, genotype-informed risk assessment, and tailored strategies for early diagnosis. The expanding etiology for hereditary pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas has recently included SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 as susceptibility genes. Clinical management guidelines for patients with germline mutations in these 4 newly included genes are lacking. OBJECTIVE To study the clinical spectra and age-related penetrance of individuals with mutations in the SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 genes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS This study analyzed the prospective, longitudinally followed up European-American-Asian Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma Registry for prevalence of SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 germline mutation carriers from 1993 to 2016. Genetic predictive testing and clinical investigation by imaging from neck to pelvis was offered to mutation-positive registrants and their relatives to clinically characterize the pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma diseases associated with mutations of the 4 new genes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence and spectra of germline mutations in the SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 genes were assessed. The clinical features of SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 disease were characterized. RESULTS Of 972 unrelated registrants without mutations in the classic pheochromocytoma- and paraganglioma-associated genes (632 female [65.0%] and 340 male [35.0%]; age range, 8-80; mean [SD] age, 41.0 [13.3] years), 58 (6.0%) carried germline mutations of interest, including 29 SDHA, 20 TMEM127, 8 MAX, and 1 SDHAF2. Fifty-three of 58 patients (91%) had familial, multiple, extra-adrenal, and/or malignant tumors and/or were younger than 40 years. Newly uncovered are 7 of 63 (11%) malignant pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas in SDHA and TMEM127 disease. SDHA disease occurred as early as 8 years of age. Extra-adrenal tumors occurred in 28 mutation carriers (48%) and in 23 of 29 SDHA mutation carriers (79%), particularly with head and neck paraganglioma. MAX disease occurred almost exclusively in the adrenal glands with frequently bilateral tumors. Penetrance in the largest subset, SDHA carriers, was 39% at 40 years of age and is statistically different in index patients (45%) vs mutation-carrying relatives (13%; P amp;lt; .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 genes may contribute to hereditary pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Genetic testing is recommended in patients at clinically high risk if the classic genes are mutation negative. Gene-specific prevention and/or early detection requires regular, systematic whole-body investigation.
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| 2. |
- Grozinsky-Glasberg, Simona, et al.
(författare)
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Metastatic type 1 gastric carcinoid : A real threat or just a myth?
- 2013
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Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 19:46, s. 8687-8695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM:To describe disease characteristics and treatment modalities in a group of rare patients with metastatic gastric carcinoid type 1 (GCA1).METHODS:Information on clinical, biochemical, radiological, histopathological findings, the extent of the disease, as well as the use of different therapeutic modalities and the long-term outcome were recorded. Patients' data were assessed at presentation, and thereafter at 6 to 12 monthly intervals both clinically and biochemically, but also endoscopically and histopathologically. Patients were evaluated for the presence of specific symptoms; the presence of autoimmune disorders and the presence of other gastrointestinal malignancies in other family members were also recorded. The evaluation of response to treatment was defined using established WHO criteria.RESULTS:We studied twenty consecutive patients with a mean age of 55.1 years. The mean follow-up period was 83 mo. Twelve patients had regional lymph node metastases and 8 patients had liver metastases. The primary tumor mean diameter was 20.13 +/- 10.83 mm (mean +/- SD). The mean Ki-67 index was 6.8% +/- 11.2%. All but one patient underwent endoscopic or surgical excision of the tumor. The disease was stable in all but 3 patients who had progressive liver disease. All patients remained alive during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION: Metastatic GCA1 carries a good overall prognosis, being related to a tumor size of >= 1 cm, an elevated Ki-67 index and high serum gastrin levels. (C) 2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Krauss, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Preventive medicine of von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
- 2018
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Ingår i: Endocrine-Related Cancer. - : BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD. - 1351-0088 .- 1479-6821. ; 25:9, s. 783-793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are rare in von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) but cause serious morbidity and mortality. Management guidelines for VHL-PanNETs continue to be based on limited evidence, and survival data to guide surgical management are lacking. We established the European-American-Asian-VHL-PanNET-Registry to assess data for risks for metastases, survival and long-term outcomes to provide best management recommendations. Of 2330 VHL patients, 273 had a total of 484 PanNETs. Median age at diagnosis of PanNET was 35 years (range 10-75). Fifty-five (20%) patients had metastatic PanNETs. Metastatic PanNETs were significantly larger (median size 5 vs 2 cm; P < 0.001) and tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) was faster (22 vs 126 months; P = 0.001). All metastatic tumors were >= 2.8 cm. Codons 161 and 167 were hotspots for VHL germline mutations with enhanced risk for metastatic PanNETs. Multivariate prediction modeling disclosed maximum tumor diameter and TVDT as significant predictors for metastatic disease (positive and negative predictive values of 51% and 100% for diameter cut-off >= 2.8 cm, 44% and 91% for TVDT cut-off of <= 24 months). In 117 of 273 patients, PanNETs > 1.5 cm in diameter were operated. Ten-year survival was significantly longer in operated vs non-operated patients, in particular for PanNETs < 2.8 cm vs >= 2.8 cm (94% vs 85% by 10 years; P = 0.020; 80% vs 50% at 10 years; P = 0.030). This study demonstrates that patients with PanNET approaching the cut-off diameter of 2.8 cm should be operated. Mutations in exon 3, especially of codons 161/167 are at enhanced risk for metastatic PanNETs. Survival is significantly longer in operated non-metastatic VHL-PanNETs.
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| 4. |
- Thomas, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term follow-up of a large series of patients with type 1 gastric carcinoid tumors : Data from a multicenter study
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 168:2, s. 185-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To study the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, response to treatment and the presence of other pathologies in patients with gastric carcinoid type-1 tumors (GC-1).DESIGN AND METHODS:Retrospective analysis of 111 patients from 4 institutions and a mean follow-up of 76 months.RESULTS:The main indications for gastroscopy were upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms. The mean number of lesions, maximum tumoral diameter and percentage of cells expressing Κi-67 labeling index were 3.6±3.8, 8±12.1mm and 1.9±2.4%, respectively. Serum gastrin and chromogranin A (CgA) levels were elevated in 100/101 and 85/90 patients, respectively. Conventional imaging studies demonstrated pathology in 9/111 patients. Scintigraphy with radiolabelled octreotide was positive in 6/60 without revealing any additional lesions. From the 59 patients who had been followed-up without any intervention 5 developed tumor progression. Thirty-two patients were treated with long acting somatostatin analogues (SSAs), leading to a significant reduction of gastrin and CgA levels, number of visible tumors and CgA immune reactive tumor cells in 28, 19, 27, and 23 treated patients respectively. Antrectomy and/or gastrectomy was initially performed in 20 patients and a complete response was achieved in 13 patients. The most common co-morbidities were vitamin B12 deficiency, thyroiditis and parathyroid adenomas.CONCLUSIONS:Most GCs-1 are grade 1 (82.72%) tumors presenting with stage I (73.87%) disease with no mortality after prolonged follow-up. Ocreoscan did not provide further information compared to conventional imaging techniques. Treatment with SSAs proved to be effective for the duration of administration.
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