| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 3. |
- Berg, Olle H., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of observed and modeled hygroscopic behavior of atmospheric particles
- 1998
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Ingår i: Contributions to Atmospheric Physics. - 0005-8173. ; 71:1, s. 47-64
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hygroscopic behavior of sub-micrometer atmospheric aerosol particles was studied with a Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (TDMA) at a field site in the Po Valley, Italy. The measurements were done in a continental polluted aerosol during the CHEMDROP fog and haze field experiment at San Pietro di Capofiume in November 1994. In this study, hygroscopic diameter growth factors of individual particles were measured when taken from a dry state, to a relative humidity of 90 %. The aerosol consisted of two groups of particles with different hygroscopic properties, as also seen in an earlier field experiment at the same location in 1989 and at other continental sites. The present work is a closure study on the hygroscopic behavior of sub-micrometer aerosol particles and their mass. Ammonium sulfate was used to model the hygroscopic growth with a model based on thermodynamic data for non-ideal aqueous solutions at water vapor subsaturation. The study was made in two steps: The first step is a comparison between hygroscopic active aerosol volume fractions derived from TDMA measurements on individual particles integrated over the particle size distributions, and collected volume fractions of major ions sampled by size resolved cascade impactors. The model of hygroscopic growth was also used, in the second step, to calculate ambient sizes of individual aerosol particles. These sizes were then compared to the actual ambient sizes as measured by the Droplet Aerosol Analyzer. The result shows agreement, within the estimated errors, between the integrated hygroscopic active volume fractions and the collected volume fractions of inorganic salts, for five events out of six studied. A mass balance could also be obtained between the masses collected with the impactors and the integrated volume distributions, by attributing reasonable densities to the hygroscopically active and inactive fractions. The differences between the calculated and measured ambient sizes were within measurement errors, when Raoult's law was used to model the occasions with relative humidities larger than 95 %.
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| 4. |
- Citrin, J., et al.
(författare)
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Tractable flux-driven temperature, density, and rotation profile evolution with the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz
- 2017
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 59:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quasilinear turbulent transport models are a successful tool for prediction of core tokamak plasma profiles in many regimes. Their success hinges on the reproduction of local nonlinear gyrokinetic fluxes. We focus on significant progress in the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz (Bourdelle et al 2016 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 58 014036), which employs an approximated solution of the mode structures to significantly speed up computation time compared to full linear gyrokinetic solvers. Optimisation of the dispersion relation solution algorithm within integrated modelling applications leads to flux calculations x 10(6-7) faster than local nonlinear simulations. This allows tractable simulation of flux-driven dynamic profile evolution including all transport channels: ion and electron heat, main particles, impurities, and momentum. Furthermore, QuaLiKiz now includes the impact of rotation and temperature anisotropy induced poloidal asymmetry on heavy impurity transport, important for W-transport applications. Application within the JETTO integrated modelling code results in 1 s of JET plasma simulation within 10 h using 10 CPUs. Simultaneous predictions of core density, temperature, and toroidal rotation profiles for both JET hybrid and baseline experiments are
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| 5. |
- Crespo, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic generic classification of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae,Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 59:6, s. 1735-1753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parmelioid lichens are a diverse and ubiquitous group of foliose lichens. Generic delimitation in parmelioid lichens has been in a state of flux since the late 1960s with the segregation of the large, heterogeneous genus Parmelia into numerous smaller genera. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that some of these new genera were monophyletic, some were not, and others, previously believed to be unrelated, fell within single monophyletic groups, indicating the need for a revision of the generic delimitations. This study aims to give an overview of current knowledge of the major clades of all parmelioid lichens. For this, we assembled a dataset of 762 specimens, including 31 of 33 currently accepted parmelioid genera (and 63 of 84 accepted genera of Parmeliaceae). We performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined datasets including two, three and four loci. Based on these phylogenies and the correlation of morphological and chemical characters that characterize monophyletic groups, we accept 27 genera within nine main clades. We re-circumscribe several genera and reduce Parmelaria to synonymy with Parmotrema. Emodomelanelia Divakar & A. Crespo is described as a new genus (type: E. masonii). Nipponoparmelia (Kurok.) K.H. Moon, Y. Ohmura & Kashiw. ex A. Crespo & al. is elevated to generic rank and 15 new combinations are proposed (in the genera Flavoparmelia, Parmotrema, Myelochroa, Melanelixia and Nipponoparmelia). A short discussion of the accepted genera is provided and remaining challenges and areas requiring additional taxon sampling are identified.
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| 6. |
- Frank, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Droplet Formation and Growth in Polluted Fogs
- 1998
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Ingår i: Contributions to Atmospheric Physics. - 0005-8173. ; 71:1, s. 65-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fog droplet formation and growth related to fog droplet activation were studied in a polluted region. The joint field experiments were carried out at San Pietro Capofiume in northern Italy during November 1994. It was found that the fog droplet number distribution was continuous in the size region 1-47 µm and that for most of the time the fog consisted of unactivated droplets, i.e. the droplets were smaller than the critical diameter for activation according to the Köhler equation. During a few time periods some of the droplets were possibly slightly larger than the critical diameter for activation. The solute concentration in the fog droplets was found to be strongly dependent and decreasing with increasing droplet size. The experimental results were compared with results obtaied using a fog model. Good overall agreement was found between the model and the experimental results, with respect to fog droplet size related to dry residue size, and to fog droplet number distribution. The fog model was also used to study the influence on fog droplet growth of the rate of temperature decrease, the aerosol particle mass load and fog liquid water content. In addition the effect of aging of the fog was also considered.
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| 7. |
- Fuzzi, Sandro, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the Po valley fog experiment 1994 (CHEMDROP)
- 1998
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Ingår i: Contributions to Atmospheric Physics. - 0005-8173. ; 71:1, s. 3-19
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents an outline of the CHEMDROP field experiment, carried out in November 1994 at the field station of S. Pietro Capofiume in the Po Valley, Italy. The main objective of the project was to address the issue of the size-dependent chemical composition of fog droplets, by experimentally investigating the following processes, which are expected to affect (or be affected by) the chemical composition of fog droplets as a function of size: a) the connection of the size-dependent chemical composition of CCN to the size-dependent composition of fog droplets; b) the gas/liquid partitioning of the gaseous species NH3, SO2, HCHO, HNO3 in fog; c) the Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox cycle in fog water. Some general results and overall conclusions of the experiment are reported in this paper, while more specific scientific questions are discussed in other companion papers in this issue. CHEMDROP results show that several processes concur in determining the size-dependence of fog droplets chemical composition: nucleation scavenging of pre-existing CCN, fog dynamical evolution and gas/liquid exchange between interstitial air and fog droplets. Chemical transformations in the liquid phase can cause further changes in the chemical composition of the droplets. Only by taking into account the combination of all these processes, is it possible to explain the inhomogeneities in fog droplet chemical composition.
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| 8. |
- Heintzenberg, Jost, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of haze, mist and fog
- 1998
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Ingår i: Contributions to Atmospheric Physics. - 0005-8173. ; 71:1, s. 21-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An aerosol and fog data set from a field experiment in November 1994 at San Pietro Capofiume, Northern Italy was analysed. With objective criteria developed from visibility measurements average aerosol characteristics in the dry and wet state were calculated for haze, mist and fog conditions which can be seen as representative for continental air masses in an industrialised region. Dry particle size distributions between three and 800 nm and ambient size distributions between and 50 μm were measured with a system consisting of the three size-segregating particle sensors differential mobility particle sizer, droplet aerosol analyser and FSSP. Systematic changes in particle properties were found for the transition from haze to fog that can be used to derive internally consistent optical aerosol properties. The analysis of the data set demonstrates that atmospheric sensors which have been developed for cloud and fog studies yield useful data for haze conditions.
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| 9. |
- Hruby, Adela, et al.
(författare)
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Higher Magnesium Intake Is Associated with Lower Fasting Glucose and Insulin, with No Evidence of Interaction with Select Genetic Loci, in a Meta-Analysis of 15 CHARGE Consortium Studies
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 143:3, s. 345-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Favorable associations between magnesium intake and glycemic traits, such as fasting glucose and insulin, are observed in observational and clinical studies, but whether genetic variation affects these associations is largely unknown. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with either glycemic traits or magnesium metabolism affect the association between magnesium intake and fasting glucose and insulin. Fifteen studies from the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium provided data from up to 52,684 participants of European descent without known diabetes. In fixed-effects meta-analyses, we quantified 1) cross-sectional associations of dietary magnesium intake with fasting glucose (mmol/L) and insulin (In-pmol/L) and 2) interactions between magnesium intake and SNPs related to fasting glucose (16 SNPs), insulin (2 SNPs), or magnesium (8 SNPs) on fasting glucose and insulin. After adjustment for age, sex, energy intake, BMI, and behavioral risk factors, magnesium (per 50-mg/d increment) was inversely associated with fasting glucose [beta = -0.009 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.013, -0.005), P< 0.0001] and insulin (-0.020 In-pmo/L (95% CI: -0.024, -0.017), P< 0.0001]. No magnesium-related SNP or interaction between any SNP and magnesium reached significance after correction for multiple testing. However, rs2274924 in magnesium transporter-encoding TRPM6 showed a nominal association (uncorrected P= 0.03) with glucose, and rs11558471 in SLC30A8and rs3740393 near CNNM2showed a nominal interaction (uncorrected, both P = 0.02) with magnesium on glucose. Consistent with other studies, a higher magnesium intake was associated with lower fasting glucose and insulin. Nominal evidence of TRPM6 influence and magnesium interaction with select loci suggests that further investigation is warranted. J. Nutr. 143: 345-353, 2013.
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| 10. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Total zinc intake may modify the glucose-raising effect of a zinc transporter (SLC30A8) variant : a 14-cohort meta-analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - Alexandria : American diabetes association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 60:9, s. 2407-2416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE Many genetic variants have been associated with glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes in genome-wide association studies. Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is important for β-cell function and glucose homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis that zinc intake could influence the glucose-raising effect of specific variants.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a 14-cohort meta-analysis to assess the interaction of 20 genetic variants known to be related to glycemic traits and zinc metabolism with dietary zinc intake (food sources) and a 5-cohort meta-analysis to assess the interaction with total zinc intake (food sources and supplements) on fasting glucose levels among individuals of European ancestry without diabetes.RESULTS We observed a significant association of total zinc intake with lower fasting glucose levels (β-coefficient ± SE per 1 mg/day of zinc intake: -0.0012 ± 0.0003 mmol/L, summary P value = 0.0003), while the association of dietary zinc intake was not significant. We identified a nominally significant interaction between total zinc intake and the SLC30A8 rs11558471 variant on fasting glucose levels (β-coefficient ± SE per A allele for 1 mg/day of greater total zinc intake: -0.0017 ± 0.0006 mmol/L, summary interaction P value = 0.005); this result suggests a stronger inverse association between total zinc intake and fasting glucose in individuals carrying the glucose-raising A allele compared with individuals who do not carry it. None of the other interaction tests were statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher total zinc intake may attenuate the glucose-raising effect of the rs11558471 SLC30A8 (zinc transporter) variant. Our findings also support evidence for the association of higher total zinc intake with lower fasting glucose levels.
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| 11. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 12. |
- Martinsson, Bengt G., et al.
(författare)
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Droplet nucleation and growth in orographic clouds in relation to the aerosol population
- 1999
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Research. - 0169-8095. ; 50:3-4, s. 289-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation and development of orographic clouds was studied in a field experiment comprising several measurement sites at a mountain ridge. The influence of the aerosol population present on the cloud microstructure was studied in relation to the dynamics in the cloud formation. Droplet nucleation scavenging was investigated by the introduction of a non-dimensional particle diameter related to the process, and it was found that the scavenging rose rapidly in a relatively narrow particle size interval. The size dependency of the scavenging could partly be explained by external mixture of the aerosol. The large particles in the cloud interstitial aerosol was found to be of a chemical nature which allows for only a very weak uptake of water, implying that the chemical composition of these particles rather than entrainment of dry air prevented the droplet nucleation. The aerosol particle number concentration was found to strongly influence the cloud microstructure. Droplet number concentrations up to approximately 2000 cm-3 were observed together with a substantially reduced effective droplet diameter. The observed effect of elevated particle number concentrations in orographic clouds was generalised to the climatologically more important stratiform clouds by the use of a cloud model. It was found that the microstructure of stratiform clouds was strongly dependent on the aerosol population present as well on the dynamics in the cloud formation.
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| 13. |
- Nettleton, Jennifer A, et al.
(författare)
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Gene x dietary pattern interactions in obesity : analysis of up to 68 317 adults of European ancestry
- 2015
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 24:16, s. 4728-4738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is highly heritable. Genetic variants showing robust associationswith obesity traits have been identified through genome wide association studies. We investigated whether a composite score representing healthy diet modifies associations of these variants with obesity traits. Totally, 32 body mass index (BMI)- and 14 waist-hip ratio (WHR)-associated single nucleotide polymorphismswere genotyped, and genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated in 18 cohorts of European ancestry (n = 68 317). Diet score was calculated based on self-reported intakes of whole grains, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds (favorable) and red/processed meats, sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages and fried potatoes (unfavorable). Multivariable adjusted, linear regression within each cohort followed by inverse variance-weighted, fixed-effects meta-analysis was used to characterize: (a) associations of each GRS with BMI and BMI-adjustedWHR and (b) diet score modification of genetic associations with BMI and BMI-adjusted WHR. Nominally significant interactions (P = 0.006-0.04) were observed between the diet score and WHR-GRS (but not BMI-GRS), two WHR loci (GRB14 rs10195252; LYPLAL1 rs4846567) and two BMI loci (LRRN6C rs10968576; MTIF3 rs4771122), for the respective BMI-adjustedWHR or BMI outcomes. Although the magnitudes of these select interactions were small, our data indicated that associations between genetic predisposition and obesity traits were stronger with a healthier diet. Our findings generate interesting hypotheses; however, experimental and functional studies are needed to determine their clinical relevance.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Schmale, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term cloud condensation nuclei number concentration, particle number size distribution and chemical composition measurements at regionally representative observatories
- 2018
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 18:4, s. 2853-2881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) constitute the single largest uncertainty in anthropogenic radiative forcing. To reduce the uncertainties and gain more confidence in the simulation of ACI, models need to be evaluated against observations, in particular against measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Here we present a data set - ready to be used for model validation - of long-term observations of CCN number concentrations, particle number size distributions and chemical composition from 12 sites on 3 continents. Studied environments include coastal background, rural background, alpine sites, remote forests and an urban surrounding. Expectedly, CCN characteristics are highly variable across site categories. However, they also vary within them, most strongly in the coastal background group, where CCN number concentrations can vary by up to a factor of 30 within one season. In terms of particle activation behaviour, most continental stations exhibit very similar activation ratios (relative to particles 20nm) across the range of 0.1 to 1.0% supersaturation. At the coastal sites the transition from particles being CCN inactive to becoming CCN active occurs over a wider range of the supersaturation spectrum. Several stations show strong seasonal cycles of CCN number concentrations and particle number size distributions, e.g. at Barrow (Arctic haze in spring), at the alpine stations (stronger influence of polluted boundary layer air masses in summer), the rain forest (wet and dry season) or Finokalia (wildfire influence in autumn). The rural background and urban sites exhibit relatively little variability throughout the year, while short-term variability can be high especially at the urban site. The average hygroscopicity parameter, calculated from the chemical composition of submicron particles was highest at the coastal site of Mace Head (0.6) and lowest at the rain forest station ATTO (0.2-0.3). We performed closure studies based on -Köhler theory to predict CCN number concentrations. The ratio of predicted to measured CCN concentrations is between 0.87 and 1.4 for five different types of . The temporal variability is also well captured, with Pearson correlation coefficients exceeding 0.87. Information on CCN number concentrations at many locations is important to better characterise ACI and their radiative forcing. But long-term comprehensive aerosol particle characterisations are labour intensive and costly. Hence, we recommend operating migrating-CCNCs to conduct collocated CCN number concentration and particle number size distribution measurements at individual locations throughout one year at least to derive a seasonally resolved hygroscopicity parameter. This way, CCN number concentrations can only be calculated based on continued particle number size distribution information and greater spatial coverage of long-term measurements can be achieved.
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| 17. |
- Swietlicki, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles in the northeastern Atlantic during ACE-2
- 2000
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6509 .- 1600-0889. ; 52:2, s. 201-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of the hygroscopic properties of sub-micrometer atmospheric aerosol particles were performed with hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analysers (H-TDMA) at 5 sites in the subtropical north-eastern Atlantic during the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) from 16 June to 25 July 1997. Four of the sites were in the marine boundary layer and one was, at least occasionally, in the lower free troposphere. The hygroscopic diameter growth factors of individual aerosol particles in the dry particle diameter range 10-440 nm were generally measured for changes in relative humidity (RH) from <10% to 90%. In the marine boundary layer, growth factors at 90% RH were dependent on location, air mass type and particle size. The data was dominated by a unimodal growth distribution of more-hygroscopic particles, although a bimodal growth distribution including less-hygroscopic particles was observed at times, most often in the more polluted air masses. In clean marine air masses the more-hygroscopic growth factors ranged from about 1.6 to 1.8 with a consistent increase in growth factor with increasing particle size. There was also a tendency toward higher growth factors as sodium to sulphate molar ratio increased with increasing sea-salt contribution at higher wind speeds. During outbreaks of European pollution in the ACE-2 region, the growth factors of the largest particles were reduced, but only slightly. Growth factors at all sizes in both clean and polluted air masses were markedly lower at the Sagres, Portugal site due to more proximate continental influences. The frequency of occurrence of less-hygroscopic particles with a growth factor of ca. 1.15 was greatest during polluted conditions at Sagres. The free tropospheric 50 nm particles were predominately less-hygroscopic, with an intermediate growth factor of 1.4, but more-hygroscopic particles with growth factors of about 1.6 were also frequent. While these particles probably originate from within the marine boundary layer, the less-hygroscopic particles are probably more characteristic of lower free tropospheric air masses. For those occasions when measurements were made at 90% and an intermediate 60% or 70% RH, the growth factor G(RH) of the more-hygroscopic particles could be modelled empirically by a power law expression. For the ubiquitous more-hygroscopic particles, the expressions G(RH) = (1 - RH/100)-0.210 for 50 nm Aitken mode particles and G(RH) = (1 - RH/100)-0.233 for 166 nm accumulation mode particles are recommended for clean marine air masses in the north-eastern Atlantic within the range 0 < RH < 95%, and for wind speeds for which the local sea-salt production is small (< ca. 8 m s-1).
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| 18. |
- Tanaka, Toshiko, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis of observational studies shows common genetic variants associated with macronutrient intake
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 97:6, s. 1395-1402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Macronutrient intake varies substantially between individuals, and there is evidence that this variation is partly accounted for by genetic variants. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify common genetic variants that are associated with macronutrient intake. Design: We performed 2-stage genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis of macronutrient intake in populations of European descent. Macronutrients were assessed by using food-frequency questionnaires and analyzed as percentages of total energy consumption from total fat, protein, and carbohydrate. From the discovery GWA (n = 38,360), 35 independent loci associated with macronutrient intake at P < 5 x 10(-6) were identified and taken forward to replication in 3 additional cohorts (n = 33,533) from the DietGen Consortium. For one locus, fat mass obesity-associated protein (FTO), cohorts with Illumina MetaboChip genotype data (n 7724) provided additional replication data. Results: A variant in the chromosome 19 locus (rs838145) was associated with higher carbohydrate (beta +/- SE: 0.25 +/- 0.04%; P = 1.68 x 10(-8)) and lower fat (beta = SE: -0.21 +/- 0.04%; P = 1.57 x 10(-9)) consumption. A candidate gene in this region, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), encodes a fibroblast growth factor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. The variants in this locus were associated with circulating FGF21 protein concentrations (P < 0.05) but not mRNA concentrations in blood or brain. The body mass index (BMI) increasing allele of the FTO variant (rs1421085) was associated with higher protein intake (beta +/- SE: 0.10 +/- 0.02%; P = 9.96 x 10(-10)), independent of BMI (after adjustment for BMI, beta +/- SE: 0.08 +/- 0.02%; P = 3.15 x 10(-7)). Conclusion: Our results indicate that variants in genes involved in nutrient metabolism and obesity are associated with macronutrient consumption in humans. Trials related to this study were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005131 (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), NCT00005133 (Cardiovascular Health Study), NCT00005136 (Family Heart Study), NCT00005121 (Framingham Heart Study), NCT00083369 (Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides), NCT01331512 (InCHIANTI Study), and NCT00005487 (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).
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| 19. |
- Träisk, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy after Treatment for Graves´Hyperthyroidism with Antithyroid Drugs or lodine-131
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 94:10, s. 3700-3707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Previous randomized trials have suggested an association between radioiodine treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the occurrence of worsening or development of TAO in patients who were treated with radioiodine or antithyroid drugs. Design: We conducted a randomized trial (TT 96) with a follow-up of 4 yr. Patients, Setting, and Intervention: Patients with a recent diagnosis of Graves' hyperthyroidism were randomized to treatment with iodine-131 (163 patients) or 18 months of medical treatment (150 patients). Early substitution with T-4 was given in both groups. Main Outcome Measure: Worsening or development of TAO was significantly more common in the iodine-131 treatment group (63 patients; 38.7%) compared with the medical treatment group (32 patients; 21.3%) (P < 0.001). Results: The risk for de novo development of TAO was greater in patients treated with iodine-131 (53 patients) than with medical treatment(23patients). However, worsening of TAO in the 41 patients who had ophthalmopathy already before the start of treatment was not more common in the radioiodine group (10 patients) than in the medical group (nine patients). Smoking was shown to influence the risk of worsening or development of TAO, and smokers treated with radioiodine had the overall highest risk for TAO. However, in the group of smokers, worsening or development of TAO was not significantly associated with the choice of treatment for hyperthyroidism. Conclusions: Radioiodine treatment is a significant risk factor for development of TAO in Graves' hyperthyroidism. Smokers run the highest risk for worsening or development of TAO irrespective of treatment modality.
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| 20. |
- Yuskiewicz, Brett A., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in submicrometer particle distributions and light scattering during haze and fog events in a highly polluted environment
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Contributions to Atmospheric Physics. - 0005-8173. ; 71:1, s. 33-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The changes in submicrometer atmospheric particle size distributions measured with a Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) system during a polluted fog experiment during November, 1994 are presented in this study. Results reveal three modes commonly evident in the size distribution (3 < DN < 843 nm) measurements; the ultrafine, Aitken and accumulation with respective geometric diameters, (Dgn), of 17, 110 and 400 nm. An additional mode, appears between the ultrafine and Aitken modes (Dgn = 52 nm) in approximately one quarter of the measurements and is linked to several industrial cities upwind of the measurement site. A stabile ultrafine mode appears consistently (84% of measurements) at 16-17 nm throughout the campaign, suggestive of a source, such as a highway in the near vicinity. During fog and haze periods number concentrations for particles less than 25 nm and greater than 400 nm decrease by 78 and 95%, respectively. These changes do not affect the aerosol scattering efficiency significantly. The overall aerosol mass scattering efficiency determined for the Po Valley region is 4.3 ± 0.6 m2 g-1. Closure is achieved for light extinction predicted from droplet distributions and measured with a transmissiometer in 37 of 39 cases during fog periods. Measured and calculated light extinction, bext, covary strongly with an R2 of 0.92.
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| 21. |
-
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 58:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
No particle mass enhancement from induced atmospheric ageing at a rural site in northern Europe
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Atmosphere. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4433. ; 10:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large portion of atmospheric aerosol particles consists of secondary material produced by oxidation reactions. The relative importance of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can increase with improved emission regulations. A relatively simple way to study potential particle formation in the atmosphere is by using oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) which simulate atmospheric ageing. Here we report on the first ambient OFR ageing experiment in Europe, coupled with scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and proton transfer reaction (PTR)-MS measurements. We found that the simulated ageing did not produce any measurable increases in particle mass or number concentrations during the two months of the campaign due to low concentrations of precursors. Losses in the reactor increased with hydroxyl radical (OH) exposure and with increasing difference between ambient and reactor temperatures, indicating fragmentation and evaporation of semivolatile material.
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| 23. |
- Ahmad, Shafqat, et al.
(författare)
-
Gene × physical activity interactions in obesity: combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry. : combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 9:7, s. 1003607-1003607
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous obesity loci have been identified using genome-wide association studies. A UK study indicated that physical activity may attenuate the cumulative effect of 12 of these loci, but replication studies are lacking. Therefore, we tested whether the aggregate effect of these loci is diminished in adults of European ancestry reporting high levels of physical activity. Twelve obesity-susceptibility loci were genotyped or imputed in 111,421 participants. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by summing the BMI-associated alleles of each genetic variant. Physical activity was assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Multiplicative interactions between the GRS and physical activity on BMI were tested in linear and logistic regression models in each cohort, with adjustment for age, age(2), sex, study center (for multicenter studies), and the marginal terms for physical activity and the GRS. These results were combined using meta-analysis weighted by cohort sample size. The meta-analysis yielded a statistically significant GRS × physical activity interaction effect estimate (Pinteraction = 0.015). However, a statistically significant interaction effect was only apparent in North American cohorts (n = 39,810, Pinteraction = 0.014 vs. n = 71,611, Pinteraction = 0.275 for Europeans). In secondary analyses, both the FTO rs1121980 (Pinteraction = 0.003) and the SEC16B rs10913469 (Pinteraction = 0.025) variants showed evidence of SNP × physical activity interactions. This meta-analysis of 111,421 individuals provides further support for an interaction between physical activity and a GRS in obesity disposition, although these findings hinge on the inclusion of cohorts from North America, indicating that these results are either population-specific or non-causal.
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| 24. |
- Ahmad, Shafqat, et al.
(författare)
-
Gene x physical activity interactions in obesity : combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science. - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 9:7, s. e1003607-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous obesity loci have been identified using genome-wide association studies. A UK study indicated that physical activity may attenuate the cumulative effect of 12 of these loci, but replication studies are lacking. Therefore, we tested whether the aggregate effect of these loci is diminished in adults of European ancestry reporting high levels of physical activity. Twelve obesity-susceptibility loci were genotyped or imputed in 111,421 participants. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by summing the BMI-associated alleles of each genetic variant. Physical activity was assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Multiplicative interactions between the GRS and physical activity on BMI were tested in linear and logistic regression models in each cohort, with adjustment for age, age(2), sex, study center (for multicenter studies), and the marginal terms for physical activity and the GRS. These results were combined using meta-analysis weighted by cohort sample size. The meta-analysis yielded a statistically significant GRS x physical activity interaction effect estimate (P-interaction = 0.015). However, a statistically significant interaction effect was only apparent in North American cohorts (n = 39,810, P-interaction = 0.014 vs. n = 71,611, P-interaction = 0.275 for Europeans). In secondary analyses, both the FTO rs1121980 (P-interaction = 0.003) and the SEC16B rs10913469 (P-interaction = 0.025) variants showed evidence of SNP x physical activity interactions. This meta-analysis of 111,421 individuals provides further support for an interaction between physical activity and a GRS in obesity disposition, although these findings hinge on the inclusion of cohorts from North America, indicating that these results are either population-specific or non-causal.
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| 25. |
- Altincekic, Nadide, et al.
(författare)
-
Targeting the Main Protease (Mpro, nsp5) by Growth of Fragment Scaffolds Exploiting Structure-Based Methodologies
- 2024
-
Ingår i: ACS Chemical Biology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1554-8929 .- 1554-8937. ; 19:2, s. 563-574
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main protease Mpro, nsp5, of SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV2) is one of its most attractive drug targets. Here, we report primary screening data using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of four different libraries and detailed follow-up synthesis on the promising uracil-containing fragment Z604 derived from these libraries. Z604 shows time-dependent binding. Its inhibitory effect is sensitive to reducing conditions. Starting with Z604, we synthesized and characterized 13 compounds designed by fragment growth strategies. Each compound was characterized by NMR and/or activity assays to investigate their interaction with Mpro. These investigations resulted in the four-armed compound 35b that binds directly to Mpro. 35b could be cocrystallized with Mpro revealing its noncovalent binding mode, which fills all four active site subpockets. Herein, we describe the NMR-derived fragment-to-hit pipeline and its application for the development of promising starting points for inhibitors of the main protease of SCoV2.
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Hydrophobic valves of plasma deposited octafluorocyclobutane in DRIE channels
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 75:1-2, s. 136-141
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The suitability of using octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8) patches as hydrophobic valves in microfluidic biochemical applications has been shown. A technique has been developed to generate lithographically defined C4F8 hydrophobic patches in deep reactive ion-etched silicon channels. Some of the advantages of this process are that no specific cleaning of the substrate is required, C4F8 is deposited on the sidewalls and the bottom of the channels, a standard photoresist mask can be used to define the patches, and that it is a fast and convenient dry chemical process performed by a standard inductively coupled plasma etcher using the Bosch process. Different patch lengths (200-1000 mum) of C4F8 were deposited in 50 mum wide channels to evaluate which size is most suitable for microfluidic biochemical applications. The valve function of the hydrophobic patches was tested for the following liquids: DD water, acetone, propanol, bead solution and a mixture used for pyrosequencing of DNA. Patch lengths of 200 mum of C4F8 successfully stopped each solution for at least 20 consecutive times. The C4F8 film resists water for at least 5 h. The hydrophobic valve also resists very high concentrations (25%) of surfactants (Tween 80). C4F8 shows a much higher resistance towards water and surface active solutions than previous hydrophobic patches. However, 50% Tween 80 was not stopped at all by the hydrophobic patch. An applied pressure of 760 Pa at the inlet was needed for water to over-run the hydrophobic patch.
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Malte, 1941, et al.
(författare)
-
”Minskande befolkning är inte problemet”
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. ; :1 augusti, DN-debatt
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Nätverket Population Matters Sweden: En uppmärksammad studie i The Lancet pekar mot en lägre befolkningsökning i världen än tidigare prognoser. Men en miljard människor till är fortfarande långt över vad jorden klarar. Befolkningstrenden måste snarare vända neråt, och det kräver åtgärder för att stärka kvinnors rättigheter världen över.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Angius, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
-
Exome sequencing in Crisponi/cold-induced sweating syndrome-like individuals reveals unpredicted alternative diagnoses
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Clinical Genetics. - : WILEY. - 0009-9163 .- 1399-0004. ; 95:5, s. 607-614
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crisponi/cold-induced sweating syndrome (CS/CISS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a complex phenotype (hyperthermia and feeding difficulties in the neonatal period, followed by scoliosis and paradoxical sweating induced by cold since early childhood) and a high neonatal lethality. CS/CISS is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mutations in CRLF1 (CS/CISS1), CLCF1 (CS/CISS2) and KLHL7 (CS/CISS-like). Here, a whole exome sequencing approach in individuals with CS/CISS-like phenotype with unknown molecular defect revealed unpredicted alternative diagnoses. This approach identified putative pathogenic variations in NALCN, MAGEL2 and SCN2A. They were already found implicated in the pathogenesis of other syndromes, respectively the congenital contractures of the limbs and face, hypotonia, and developmental delay syndrome, the Schaaf-Yang syndrome, and the early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-11 syndrome. These results suggest a high neonatal phenotypic overlap among these disorders and will be very helpful for clinicians. Genetic analysis of these genes should be considered for those cases with a suspected CS/CISS during neonatal period who were tested as mutation negative in the known CS/CISS genes, because an expedited and corrected diagnosis can improve patient management and can provide a specific clinical follow-up.
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| 30. |
- Antelius, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Hermetic integration of liquids in MEMS by room temperature, high-speed plugging of liquid-filled cavities at wafer level
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). - : IEEE. ; , s. 356-359
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports a novel room temperature hermetic liquid sealing process based on wire bonded "plugs" over the access ports of liquid-filled cavities. The method enables liquids to be integrated already at the fabrication stage. Test vehicles were manufactured and used to investigate the mechanical and hermetic properties of the seals. A helium leak rate of better than 1E-10 mbarL/s was measured on the successfully sealed structures. The bond strength of the "plugs" were similar to standard wire bonds on flat surfaces.
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| 31. |
- Antelius, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Hermetic integration of liquids using high-speed stud bump bonding for cavity sealing at the wafer level
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. - : IOP Publishing. - 0960-1317 .- 1361-6439. ; 22:4, s. 045021-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports a novel room-temperature hermetic liquid sealing process where the access ports of liquid-filled cavities are sealed with wire-bonded stud bumps. This process enables liquids to be integrated at the fabrication stage. Evaluation cavities were manufactured and used to investigate the mechanical and hermetic properties of the seals. Measurements on the successfully sealed structures show a helium leak rate of better than 10 (10) mbarL s (1), in addition to a zero liquid loss over two months during storage near boiling temperature. The bond strength of the plugs was similar to standard wire bonds on flat surfaces.
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| 32. |
- Antelius, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Room-temperature wafer-level vacuum sealing by compression of high-speed wire bonded gold bumps
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems (Transducers). - : IEEE. ; , s. 1360-1363
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports experimental results of a novel room temperature vacuum sealing process based on compressing wire bonded gold “bumps”, causing a material flow into the access ports of vacuum-cavities. The leak rate out of manufactured cavities was measured over 5 days and evaluated to less than the detection limit, 6×10-12 mbarL/s, per sealed port. The cavities have been sealed at a vacuum level below 10 mbar. The method enables sealing of vacuum cavities at room temperature using standard commercial tools and processes.
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| 33. |
- Antelius, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Small footprint wafer-level vacuum packaging using compressible gold sealing rings
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. - : IOP Publishing. - 0960-1317 .- 1361-6439. ; 21:8, s. 085011-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel low-temperature wafer-level vacuum packaging process is presented. The process uses plastically deformed gold rings as sealing structures in combination with flux-free soldering to provide the bond force for a sealing wafer. This process enables the separation of the sealing and the bonding functions both spatially on the wafer and temporally in different process steps, which results in reduced areas for the sealing rings and prevents outgassing from the solder process in the cavity. This enables space savings and yields improvements. We show the experimental result of the hermetic sealing. The leak rate into the packages is determined, by measuring the package lid deformation over 10 months, to be lower than 3.5 x 10(-13) mbar l s(-1), which is suitable for most MEMS packages. The pressure inside the produced packages is measured to be lower than 10 mbar.
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| 34. |
- Antelius, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Wafer-Level Vacuum Sealing by Coining of Wire Bonded Gold Bumps
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of microelectromechanical systems. - 1057-7157 .- 1941-0158. ; 22:6, s. 1347-1353
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the investigation of a novel room-temperature vacuum sealing method based on compressing wire bonded gold bumps which are placed to partially overlap the access ports into the cavity. The bump compression, which is done under vacuum, causes a material flow into the access ports, thereby hermetically sealing a vacuum inside the cavities. The sealed cavity pressure was measured by residual gas analysis to 8x10(-4) mbar two weeks after sealing. The residual gas content was found to be mainly argon, which indicates the source as outgassing inside the cavity and no measurable external leak. The seals are found to be mechanically robust and easily implemented by the use of standard commercial tools and processes.
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| 35. |
- Antfolk, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
Sensory feedback from a prosthetic hand based on air-mediated pressure from the hand to the forearm skin.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of rehabilitation medicine : official journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2081. ; 44:8, s. 702-707
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Lack of sensory feedback is a drawback in today's hand prostheses. We present here a non-invasive simple sensory feedback system, which provides the user of a prosthetic hand with sensory feedback on the arm stump. It is mediated by air in a closed loop system connecting silicone pads on the prosthetic hand with pads on the amputation stump. The silicone pads in a "tactile display" on the amputation stump expand when their corresponding sensor-bulb in the prosthesis is touched, evoking an experience of "real touch". Methods: Twelve trans-radial amputees and 20 healthy non-amputees participated in the study. We investigated the capacity of the system to mediate detection of touch, discrimination between different levels of pressure and, on the amputees also, the ability to locate touch. Results: The results showed a median touch threshold of 80 and 60 g in amputees and non-amputees, respectively, and 90% and 80% correct answers, respectively, in discrimination between 2 levels of pressure. The amputees located touch (3 sites) correctly in 96% of trials. Conclusion: This simple sensory feedback system has the potential to restore sensory feedback in hand amputees and thus it could be a useful tool to enhance prosthesis use.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
|
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| 38. |
- Asiatici, Mikhail, et al.
(författare)
-
Capacitive inertial sensing at high temperatures of up to 400 degrees C
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Sensors and Actuators A-Physical. - : Elsevier. - 0924-4247 .- 1873-3069. ; 238, s. 361-368
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-temperature-resistant inertial sensors are increasingly requested in a variety of fields such as aerospace, automotive and energy. Capacitive detection is especially suitable for sensing at high temperatures due to its low intrinsic temperature dependence. In this paper, we present high-temperature measurements utilizing a capacitive accelerometer, thereby proving the feasibility of capacitive detection at temperatures of up to 400 degrees C. We describe the observed characteristics as the temperature is increased and propose an explanation of the physical mechanisms causing the temperature dependence of the sensor, which mainly involve the temperature dependence of the Young's modulus and of the viscosity and the pressure of the gas inside the sensor cavity. Therefore a static electromechanical model and a dynamic model that takes into account squeeze film damping were developed.
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| 39. |
- Asiatici, Mikhail, et al.
(författare)
-
Through Silicon Vias With Invar Metal Conductor for High-Temperature Applications
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of microelectromechanical systems. - : IEEE Press. - 1057-7157 .- 1941-0158. ; 26:1, s. 158-168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through silicon vias (TSVs) are key enablers of 3-D integration technologies which, by vertically stacking andinterconnecting multiple chips, achieve higher performances,lower power, and a smaller footprint. Copper is the mostcommonly used conductor to fill TSVs; however, copper hasa high thermal expansion mismatch in relation to the siliconsubstrate. This mismatch results in a large accumulation ofthermomechanical stress when TSVs are exposed to high temperaturesand/or temperature cycles, potentially resulting in devicefailure. In this paper, we demonstrate 300 μm long, 7:1 aspectratio TSVs with Invar as a conductive material. The entireTSV structure can withstand at least 100 thermal cycles from −50 °C to 190 °C and at least 1 h at 365 °C, limited bythe experimental setup. This is possible thanks to matchingcoefficients of thermal expansion of the Invar via conductor andof silicon substrate. This results in thermomechanical stressesthat are one order of magnitude smaller compared to copperTSV structures with identical geometries, according to finiteelement modeling. Our TSV structures are thus a promisingapproach enabling 2.5-D and 3-D integration platforms for hightemperatureand harsh-environment applications.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Berg, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Skolans kommunalisering och de professionellas frirum
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningI enlighet med studiens uppdragsbeskrivning uppmärksammas följande frågeställningar i denna rapport: (1) Vilka konsekvenser i fråga om professionellt frirum har skolans kommunalisering öppnat för från 1990-talet och fram till dagsläget, och (2) har frirummet under denna tidsperiod använts av de professionella för självständiga handlingar, och i så fall hur? I rapporten behandlas lärares och skolledares yrkesutövande under tidsperioden från skolans kommunalisering i början av 1990-talet till dagsläget (2013) i ett institutionellt perspektiv. Frirum är alltså rapportens nyckelbegrepp, och givet detta tonar den s.k. frirumsteorin fram som en i sammanhanget adekvat analysram.Frågan om frirum och professionell frirumsanvändning behandlas under tre tidsperioder. Den skolinstitution som utvecklades under efterkrigstiden fram till 1980-talets slut benämns som i huvudsak centraliserad och regelstyrd, och medgav ett professionellt frirum som för lärares del i huvudsak var koncentrerat till klassrumsarbete. Den kommunaliserade skola som in-fördes i början av 1990-talet innebar en decentraliseringslinje som i sin tur öppnade för en marknadslinje. Med en samlingsbeteckning kan 1990-talets skolinstitution karaktäriseras som målstyrd och decentraliserad. Intentionerna bakom decentraliseringslinjen var bl.a. att fri-rummet för skolans professionella skulle vidgas till att i princip omfatta skolverksamhet i alla dess operativa aspekter. I marknadslinjen betonades värden som valfrihet och konkurrens, och en väsentlig vikt lades här vid föräldrars och elevers fria skolval. 2000-talets skolinstitution präglas av centraliserad resultatstyrning, vilket står för att inom kommunaliseringens, valfrihetens och det fria skolvalets ramar har staten infört en successivt alltmer finmaskig kontrollapparat. Skolinspektionen tonar fram som det främsta uttrycket för denna skolinstitutionella struktur, och inspektionens 2000-tals historia präglas av en gradvis skärpning av kontrollens utövande och möjliga sanktionsåtgärder för att korrigera skolverksamheter som inte bedöms hålla måttet. Ord som kvalitetsgranskning och kvalitetsarbete är nyckelbegrepp i detta sammanhang. Allmänt uttryckt innebär en mer utbyggd kontrollapparat att det formella frirummet för lärares och skolledares egna och självständiga handlingar minskar. De tre nämnda institutionella strukturerna vilar officiellt sett på begreppet likvärdighet, men detta begrepp har tillskrivits olika innebörder som kan förstås i ljuset av respektive institutionell struktur.Att frirummet formellt sett ökade under 1990-talets decentralisering, och minskade under 2000-talet till följd av utbyggnaden av den statliga kontrollapparaten, säger emellertid inte särskilt mycket om de professionellas faktiska frirumsanvändning. Att det över tid existerat – och fortfarande existerar – varierande art och grad av frirum för skolprofessionella handlingar innebär emellertid inte att det faktiskt används av skolans yrkesgrupper för egna och själv-ständiga handlingar. Med hänvisning till forskning, utvecklingsarbeten och annan empiri argumenteras i rapporten för att utvecklingsarbeten som syftat till utökad frirumsanvändning ofta utmynnat i intressemotsättningar mellan olika professionella aktörer snarare än kvalitetshöjande verksamhet. Rapporten visar även att 1990-talets decentralisering, som var tänkt att ge utrymme för en professionell frirumsanvändning som för lärares del sträckte sig utöver själva klassrumsarbetet, inte sällan stannade på kommunal skolpolitisk och förvaltningsnivå, och därmed i begränsad omfattning påverkade skolornas reella vardagsarbete. Rapporten visar vidare att även i dagens centraliserade och resultatstyrda skolinstitution existerar ett frirum som uppmärksammar lärares klassrumsarbete och rektorers resultat- och verksamhetsansvar, men som också lyfter fram skolors kollektiva professionella ansvar för vardagsarbetet.Rapporten har av avgränsningsskäl ett huvudsakligt fokus på grundskolan, men de principiella slutsatserna gäller även i allt väsentligt även för gymnasieskolan.
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| 42. |
- Berg, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Skolans kommunalisering och de professionellas frirum : Rapport utarbetad på uppdrag av utredningen om skolans kommunalisering
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- FörordAllt fler är överens om att lärarna är skolans viktigaste resurs. Diskussionen om skolan handlar därför i hög grad om hur vi ska ge bästa tänkbara förutsättningar för lärarna att bedriva en bra undervisning. Man brukar säga att lärare och rektorer är exempel på professioner eller, lite beroende på definitionen, semiprofessioner. För alla grupper av professionella är det av yttersta vikt med autonomi i yrket –så även för lärare och rektorer. När effekterna av skolans kommunalisering ska bedömas är det därför relevant att analysera på vilket sätt lärarnas och rektorernas handlingsutrymme för självständiga professionella handlingar i den svenska skolan förändrats från tiden närmast före skolans kommunalisering och framåt. I denna rapport visas bland annat att staten vid olika tidsperioder tillerkänt skolans professionella varierande grad av handlingsutrymme för professionella handlingar i skolans vardagsarbete. I rapporten talas om att skolan före kommunaliseringen kännetecknades av central regelstyrning, som i samband med kommunaliseringen ersattes av en decentraliserad målstyrning. Numera utmärksstyrningen av centraliserad resultatstyrning. Vidare framhålls i rapporten att lärarna och rektorerna av olika skäl inte alltid använt det frirum för professionella handlingar som staten medgett.Undersökningen har genomförts efter ett uppdrag från denna utredning till professor Gunnar Berg, som utarbetat rapporten i samverkan med en grupp forskare bestående av Fia Andersson, Göran Bostedt, Judit Novak, Jan Perselli, Frank Sundh och Christer Wede. Forskarna ansvarar själva för innehållet i rapporten.Utredningen om skolans kommunalisering (U 2012:09)Leif Lewin Särskild utredare
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| 43. |
- Berghof, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Inversion of droplet aerosol analyzer data for long-term aerosol-cloud interaction measurements
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 7:4, s. 877-886
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The droplet aerosol analyzer (DAA) was developed to study the influence of aerosol properties on clouds. It measures the ambient particle size of individual droplets and interstitial particles, the size of the dry (residual) particles after the evaporation of water vapor and the number concentration of the dry (residual) particles. A method was developed for the evaluation of DAA data to obtain the three-parameter data set: ambient particle diameter, dry (residual) particle diameter and number concentration. First results from in-cloud measurements performed on the summit of Mt. Brocken in Germany are presented. Various aspects of the cloud-aerosol data set are presented, such as the number concentration of interstitial particles and cloud droplets, the dry residue particle size distribution, droplet size distributions, scavenging ratios due to cloud droplet formation and size-dependent solute concentrations. This data set makes it possible to study clouds and the influence of the aerosol population on clouds.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Bleiker, Simon J., et al.
(författare)
-
Adhesive wafer bonding with ultra-thin intermediate polymer layers
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Sensors and Actuators A-Physical. - : Elsevier. - 0924-4247 .- 1873-3069. ; 260, s. 16-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wafer bonding methods with ultra-thin intermediate bonding layers are critically important in heterogeneous 3D integration technologies for many NEMS and photonic device applications. A promising wafer bonding approach for 3D integration is adhesive bonding. So far however, adhesive bonding processes relied on relatively thick intermediate adhesive layers. In this paper, we present an adhesive wafer bonding process using an ultra-thin intermediate adhesive layer with sub-200 nm thickness. We demonstrate adhesive bonding of silicon wafers with a near perfect bonding yield of >99% and achieve less than ±10% non-uniformity of the intermediate layer thickness across an entire 100 mm-diameter wafer. A bond strength of 4.8 MPa was measured for our polymer adhesive, which is considerably higher than previously reported for other ultra-thin film adhesives. Additionally, the adhesive polymer used in the proposed method features excellent chemical and mechanical stability. We also report on a potential strategy for mitigating the formation of micro-voids in the polymer adhesive at the bond interface. Furthermore, the polymer adhesive can be sacrificially removed by oxygen plasma etching for both isotropic and anisotropic release etching. The characteristics of the adhesive wafer bonding process and its compatibility with CMOS wafers, makes it very attractive for heterogeneous 3D integration processes targeted at CMOS-integrated NEMS and photonic devices.
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| 47. |
- Bleiker, Simon J., et al.
(författare)
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High-Aspect-Ratio Through Silicon Vias for High-Frequency Application Fabricated by Magnetic Assembly of Gold-Coated Nickel Wires
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology. - : IEEE Press. - 2156-3950 .- 2156-3985. ; 5:1, s. 21-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we demonstrate a novel manufacturing technology for high-aspect-ratio vertical interconnects for high-frequency applications. This novel approach is based on magnetic self-assembly of prefabricated nickel wires that are subsequently insulated with a thermosetting polymer. The high-frequency performance of the through silicon vias (TSVs) is enhanced by depositing a gold layer on the outer surface of the nickel wires and by reducing capacitive parasitics through a low-k polymer liner. As compared with conventional TSV designs, this novel concept offers a more compact design and a simpler, potentially more cost-effective manufacturing process. Moreover, this fabrication concept is very versatile and adaptable to many different applications, such as interposer, micro electromechanical systems, or millimeter wave applications. For evaluation purposes, coplanar waveguides with incorporated TSV interconnections were fabricated and characterized. The experimental results reveal a high bandwidth from dc to 86 GHz and an insertion loss of <0.53 dB per single TSV interconnection for frequencies up to 75 GHz.
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| 48. |
- Brinson, Robert G., et al.
(författare)
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Enabling adoption of 2D-NMR for the higher order structure assessment of monoclonal antibody therapeutics
- 2019
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Ingår i: mAbs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1942-0862 .- 1942-0870. ; 11:1, s. 94-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased interest in using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as a platform for biopharmaceuticals has led to the need for new analytical techniques that can precisely assess physicochemical properties of these large and very complex drugs for the purpose of correctly identifying quality attributes (QA). One QA, higher order structure (HOS), is unique to biopharmaceuticals and essential for establishing consistency in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, detecting process-related variations from manufacturing changes and establishing comparability between biologic products. To address this measurement challenge, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D-NMR) methods were introduced that allow for the precise atomic-level comparison of the HOS between two proteins, including mAbs. Here, an inter-laboratory comparison involving 26 industrial, government and academic laboratories worldwide was performed as a benchmark using the NISTmAb, from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to facilitate the translation of the 2D-NMR method into routine use for biopharmaceutical product development. Two-dimensional H-1,N-15 and H-1,C-13 NMR spectra were acquired with harmonized experimental protocols on the unlabeled Fab domain and a uniformly enriched-N-15, 20%-C-13-enriched system suitability sample derived from the NISTmAb. Chemometric analyses from over 400 spectral maps acquired on 39 different NMR spectrometers ranging from 500 MHz to 900 MHz demonstrate spectral fingerprints that are fit-for-purpose for the assessment of HOS. The 2D-NMR method is shown to provide the measurement reliability needed to move the technique from an emerging technology to a harmonized, routine measurement that can be generally applied with great confidence to high precision assessments of the HOS of mAb-based biotherapeutics.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Buchmann, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Probabilistic cell seeding and non-autofluorescent 3D-printed structures as scalable approach for multi-level co-culture modeling
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Today Bio. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-0064. ; 21, s. 100706-100706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To model complex biological tissue in vitro, a specific layout for the position and numbers of each cell type isnecessary. Establishing such a layout requires manual cell placement in three dimensions (3D) with micrometricprecision, which is complicated and time-consuming. Moreover, 3D printed materials used in compartmentalizedmicrofluidic models are opaque or autofluorescent, hindering parallel optical readout and forcing serial charac-terization methods, such as patch-clamp probing. To address these limitations, we introduce a multi-level co-culture model realized using a parallel cell seeding strategy of human neurons and astrocytes on 3D structuresprinted with a commercially available non-autofluorescent resin at micrometer resolution. Using a two-stepstrategy based on probabilistic cell seeding, we demonstrate a human neuronal monoculture that forms net-works on the 3D printed structure and can establish cell-projection contacts with an astrocytic-neuronal co-cultureseeded on the glass substrate. The transparent and non-autofluorescent printed platform allows fluorescence-based immunocytochemistry and calcium imaging. This approach provides facile multi-level compartmentaliza-tion of different cell types and routes for pre-designed cell projection contacts, instrumental in studying complextissue, such as the human brain.
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