| 1. |
- Akselsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of N load and harvest intensity on the risk of P limitation in Swedish forest soils
- 2008
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1026 .- 0048-9697. ; 404, s. 284-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen (N) is often considered to be the major factor limiting tree growth in northern forest ecosystems. An increased N availability, however, increases the demand for other nutrients such as base cations and phosphorous (P) which in turn may change which nutrient is the limiting factor. If P or base cations become limiting, N will start to leach which means a risk of increased eutrophication of surface waters. As many studies focus on base cations, this study instead aims at estimating P budgets on a regional scale for different harvesting scenarios relevant for Swedish conditions. P budget calculations were carried out for 14,550 coniferous sites from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, as weathering+deposition–harvesting–leaching. Three scenarios with different harvest intensities were used: 1) no harvesting, 2) stem harvesting and 3) wholetree harvesting. The input data were derived from measurements and model results. The P budget estimates indicate that harvesting, especially whole-tree harvesting, result in net losses of P in large parts of Sweden. The highest losses were found in southern Sweden due to high growth rate in this area. In the whole-tree harvesting scenario the losses exceeded 1 kg ha−1 y−1 on many sites. N budget calculations on the same sites indicate that N generally accumulates in the whole country and especially in the southern parts. Consequently, the N and P budget calculations indicate that the forests in southern Sweden are in a transition phase from N-to P-limitation to growth. This transition will proceed as long as the accumulation of N continues. These results are important in a sustainable forestry context, as a basis for assessing the risk of future N leaching, and in designing recommendations for abatement strategies of N deposition and for application of wood ash recycling and N fertilization.
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| 2. |
- Andreasson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Långsiktiga effekter av skelettjord i Sundsvall
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Många faktorer påverkar träd som växer i urban miljö. I denna för träd ofta extrema miljö, speciellt i hårdgjorda ytor, ska dem överleva och frodas. Marken är ofta kompakterad och det är brist på syre, vatten och näring, vilka är livsnödvändiga för träden. På grund av den hårdgjorda ytan sker heller ingen ny tillförsel av organiskt material.För att förbättra förutsättningarna för trädens tillväxt och vitalitet kan man använda sig av skelettjord. I princip består en skelettjordav en större bärande fraktion av skärv (skelett) där man i hålrummen mellan den större fraktionen tillför ett substrat av växtjord. Skelettjorden ökar volymen där trädens rötter kan växa och ger rötterna bättre tillgång på syre, vatten och näring.År 1997 planterade Sundsvall stad Tilia cordata"Erecta"längsmedKöpmansgatan. En del av dessa lindar planterades i en grop med växtjord och en del planterades med tillgång 3m3skelettjord.I denna studie jämför vi storlek och vitalitet hos dessa lindar planterade med och utan skelettjord 17 år efter plantering.Efter dessa 17 år är lindarna som växt med tillgång på skelettjord något större i omkrets, högre samt har en högre, tätare och breddare kronan än lindarna som växt i traditionell planteringsgrop med växtjord. Slutsatsen är att skelettjord ger bättre levnadsförutsättningar för träd i stadsmiljö. Även med en begränsad tillgång på skelettjord, 3m3, har lindarna i Sundvall högre tillväxt och vitalitet i skelettjord än i traditionell jord.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Blanck, Ylva-Li, et al.
(författare)
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Plant species richness in a natural Argentinian matorral shrub-land correlates negatively with levels of plant phosphorus
- 2011
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Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 345:1-2, s. 11-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to ascertain whether there is a relationship between plant species richness and plant-available N, P and water in an environment subject to little anthropogenic disturbance. To accomplish this we studied the vegetation in matorral shrub-lands in northern Patagonia, Argentina. Due to the variation in slope, precipitation and aspect between the sites water status was determined using the C-12/C-13 fraction, delta C-13, to investigate whether this was a confounding factor. The numbers of herb, shrub, liana and tree species were determined at 20 sites along an estimated precipitation gradient. Leaf P and N content and the delta C-13 of Berberis buxifolia were determined, as well as the soil P and N content at the different sites. A negative correlation was found between species richness and Berberis buxifolia foliar P concentration (52% of the species richness variation was accounted for), and a positive correlation was found between plant species richness and Berberis buxifolia foliar N: P ratios (54% of the species richness variation was accounted for). The relationship between species richness and foliar P was seen when all layers of vegetation were included (trees, lianas, shrubs and herbs). Foliar N showed no correlation with species richness, while soil extractable NH4 showed a weak positive correlation with the number of shrub layer species (lianas, shrubs and trees). The species richness of the shrub layer increased with decreasing values of delta C-13. Low soil P availability thus affects local species richness in the matorral shrub-lands of Patagonia in Argentina although the growth of vegetation in the area has been shown to be limited by N. We suggest that low P levels increase plant species richness because low soil P concentration is associated with a high P partitioning and high potential for niche separation.
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| 5. |
- Dahl, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Ekosystemtjänsternas bidrag till god urban livsmiljö
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ekosystemtjänster uppmärksammas alltmer som ett viktigt inslag för en hållbar utveckling av städer och samhällen. Dessa handlar inte bara om ett miljö- och biodiversitetsperspektiv, utan också om hur ekosystemen bidrar till människans livsmiljö och stadens attraktivitet, samt de praktiska och rekreativa nyttor som befintlig och anlagd natur kan skapa i den byggda miljön.Denna rapport har tillkommit på Naturvårdsverkets initiativ, vilka också delvis har finansierat den. Arbetet har sammanfallit med ett opinionsbildande projekt, projektlett av Tankesmedjan Movium ochfinansierat av Vinnova, kallat Påverkansplattform för urbana ekosystemtjänster. Båda dessa aktiviteterhar efterfrågat kartläggning av nuläget och redovisningar av lärande exempel, varför vi har valt att arbeta integrerat med aktiviteterna. I rapporten har vi försökt att kombinera generella reflektioner med konkreta exempel. Vi har också valt att hämta lärdomar från såväl praktik som akademi och har bjudit in några av de ledande forskarna från Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet att utifrån sin forskningshorisont kommentera sådant som vi tycker oss kunna konstatera i praktiken. Det kan i något fall bli motsägelsefullt, men så är också frågan kring ekosystemtjänster i urban miljö komplext beskaffad. Som alla komplext beskaffade frågor hyser den därmed inneboende målkonflikter, åtminstone på ett generellt och övergripande plan.I rapporten konstaterar vi att det är viktigt och grundläggande att ekosystemtjänster behandlas som en tillgång för livsmiljöer i staden, och därmed också för arbetet med att planera, gestalta, anlägga och förvalta dessa miljöer. Utgångspunkten för ett sådant arbete behöver vara platsernas förutsättningar och de förväntningar som vi har på dessa miljöer. Möjligen kan det uppfattas som lite motsägelsefullt för en rapport med namnet ”Ekosystemtjänsteras bidrag till en god urban livsmiljö”, men vi är övertygande om att utgångspunkten för arbetet med ekosystemtjänster bör inte vara ekosystemtjänsterna själva, snarare en ökad platsspecifik kunskap och en ökad tydlighet kring samhällets uttalade målsättningar. Varför inleder vi med ett sådant påstående? Jo, för att påminna om att ekosystemtjänsterna utgår från oss människor och tjänsterna svarar mot våra behov. Det är alltså en slags konsumtion av tjänster som vi pratar om och som i all hållbar konsumtion handlar det om att balansera mellan tillgång och efterfrågan. Vi menar alltså att det inte alltid handlar om att maximera uttaget av en viss ekosystemtjänst, utan det handlar snarare om vilket behov som vi har identifierat på en viss plats eller i ett visst sammanhang samt hur ekosystemtjänsterna kan levererar på den platsen utifrån identifierade behov. Det är måhända en hårfin perspektivförskjutning, men vi menar att tar vi inte med oss detta synsätt in i diskussionen om ekosystemtjänster så befarar vi att vi får ett oönskat överutnyttjande av naturens ”gratistjänster”.Det pågår mycket lovvärt arbete i landet för att hitta system och verktyg som strävar efter att finna helhetssyn och mångfunktionalitet i ekosystemtjänsterna. Det finns dock en risk att verktyg blir väl generella när man försöker att fånga upp alla aspekter av hur man kan arbeta med ekosystemtjänsterna. Då riskerar implementeringsglappen också att bli för stora när generella verktyg ska appliceras på en specifik plats. Att istället lära av hur andra har gjort och ta del av varandras erfarenheter kan då vara ett värdefullt komplement och Naturvårdsverket har därför bett Tankesmedjan Movium att ta fram denna exempelsamling. Vår förhoppning är att denna rapport ska hjälpa stadsbyggnadsprocessens olika aktörer och skeden att förstå nyttan med urban natur och att ta in ekosystemtjänsterna i befintliga arbetssätt och processer.
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| 6. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the use of edible and evergreen perennials in living wall systems in the Scandinavian climate
- 2016
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 15, s. 84-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have performed a field experiment to investigate the survival and vitality of perennial plants in a living wall installed in an industrial area in Malmo, southern Sweden. The main aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of growing edible and evergreen perennial plants in living wall systems in the Scandinavian climate. We conclude that the edible perennial plants Allium schoenoprasum, Calamintha nepeta, and Fragaria vesca are feasible in living wall systems in the Scandinavian climate. Thymus vulgaris is sensitive to the Scandinavian climate, and performed equally poorly in Rockwool panels and in soil-filled containers (controls). We also conclude that the evergreen perennial plant species Chamaecyparis pisifera, Euonymus fortuneii, Euphorbia polychroma, Vinca minor, and Waldsteinia ternata can be grown in green walls, and that the edible evergreen plant Vaccinium vitis-idea is highly suitable for living walls in this climatic region. A. schoenoprasum, C. pisifera, E. fortuneii, I. crenata, L. sylvatica, V. minor, and V. vitis-idea showed 100% survival rates, however, the visual quality of e.g. I. crenata and L. sylvatica was not acceptable for ornamental purposes. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Fransson, Ann-Mari
(författare)
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A Single Incident of Soil P Leaching in a Mature Forest Corresponds to 10 Years of Average Leaching
- 2018
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Incidental P losses from non-point sources may contribute to eutrophication and to decreased soil fertility. These incidents have been related to heavy rainfall on freshly fertilized agricultural soils and little is known about such incidents on more natural soils or in forests. The aim of this work is to determine if incidents of high P leaching also occur in spruce forests, and if such incidents are of significance in P cycling. We found a peak in the mineral soil solution showing that single events of high P leaching occur. The orthophosphate concentration in the Bf-horizon of the 80-year old spruce forest peaked in the autumn of the second year of a continuous monitoring. The concentration increased by more than 85 times compared to the highest concentration obtained earlier during the sampling. The amount leached during this 6 months peak is 10 times higher than the average annual leaching. This P leaching might be due to a combination of high P deposition/through-fall and a high anion exchange with dissolved-organic-carbon and Cl-. We suggest that single events of high sub-surface P leaching may contribute to the overall P leaching, and might increase with the global warming as more DOC is expected to be released to the soil solution.
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| 9. |
- Fransson, Ann-Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Aluminum complexation suppresses citrate uptake by acid forest soil microorganisms
- 2004
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 36:2, s. 353-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organo-mineral interactions have been hypothesized to play a major role in biogeochemical cycling and pedogenesis in some forest soils. These processes are likely to be controlled to some extent by their persistence in soil, however, the factors regulating their bioavailability remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the microbial utilization of 14C-labeled citrate in glass bead filled bioreactors containing a biofilm developed from an inoculum from an acid forest soil. The removal of Al-citrate in the bioreactors was negligible compared to the rate of citrate removal in the absence of Al. There was no evidence that in the short-term the microbial community adapted to increase the utilization of Al-citrate. In bioreactors filled with a Picea abies forest soil (Haplic Arenosol) the rates of citrate utilization were always slightly higher than that of Al-citrate. We conclude that complexation of citrate by metals such as Al may have a significant effect on their role in soil biogeochemical cycles.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Fransson, Ann-Mari
(författare)
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Can silver and other heavy metal concentrations in leaves be used in order to identify tree root intrusion into sewage systems and storm-water drains?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arboricultural Journal, The International Journal of Urban Forestry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0307-1375 .- 2168-1074. ; 41:4, s. 212-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing awareness of the value of trees for climate adaptation, human health, and biodiversity in urban spaces, and methods for identifying and calculating the benefits of trees have been developed. However, tree roots frequently intrude into sewer pipes and storm-water drains, causing costly damage. Identifying the individual trees that cause damage would be helpful but has proved difficult. There is a need for non-destructive identification of root intruding trees, in order to evaluate the cost and benefits of individual trees. The concentrations of eight heavy metals (silver, gold, cadmium, lead, palladium, rubidium, antimony, and zinc) and of potassium were evaluated in 19 pairs of trees/shrubs in Malmö, southern Sweden. It was found that the concentrations of silver were approximately 28% higher in leaves from trees whose roots had entered sewers than in control trees. Trees whose roots intruded storm-water drains had slightly higher leaf potassium levels, while the concentrations of other elements did not differ from those in control trees. Thus, it may be possible to use the silver concentration in tree leaves to identify individuals with roots intruding into sewer systems. However, considerable differences were found between species, so further tests are required before the method can be adopted in practice.
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| 12. |
- Fransson, Ann-Mari
(författare)
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Evaluation of oxalate/oxalic acid for extracting plant available phosphorus in unfertilized acid soils
- 2001
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Ingår i: Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. - 0010-3624. ; 32:15-16, s. 2469-2484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extractability of phosphorus (P) was studied in an acid, unfertilized soil at an abandoned farm and in 40 different soils from former agricultural fields and pastures. Oxalate/Oxalic acid extraction was compared with a number of other methods in order to evaluate the suitability of oxalate/oxalic acid as a method for extracting P from soil. The extracting efficiency and a rough estimate of the origin of the extracted P was also investigated. Total and molybdate reactive P extracted with weak (I mM), acid (9.35 mM, pH 2.3). and strong (50 mM) oxalate correlated well with Na2SO4 + NaF, Olsen P, and Bray I extractable P (0.96 > r > 0.77). Total and molybdate reactive P fractions determined by different oxalate methods were also closely correlated (0.99 > r > 0.84). Only total organic P did not correlate with the other P fractions extracted. However. the large strong oxal extractable P fraction was correlated to many of the weaker extractable fractions. A large share of this fraction is probably organic. The Na2SO4 + NaF extraction, Olsen P, and Bray 1 were also closely correlated. The more loosely adsorbed fractions are possibly replenished to some extent when the soluble phosphate is consumed by plant uptake. A large share of total P extracted with acid (9.35 mM) and strong (50 mM) oxal was organic. The molybdate reactive fraction, however, was fairly constant up to 9.35 mM oxalate in the solution, neither depending on solution concentration nor on pH. Total P extracted with oxalate was related to the logarithm of the extractant concentration. The advantage of the oxal method is that the pH can be adjusted to fit a desired soil pH. and both extractant concentration and analytical method could be chosen to determine either loosely bound P or a substantial amount of total P that might be potentially available.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Fransson, Ann-Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphatase activity does not limit the microbial use of low molecular weight organic-P substrates in soil
- 2007
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Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 39:5, s. 1213-1217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant roots and soil microorganisms contain significant quantities of low molecular weight (MW) phosphorylated nucleosides and sugars. Consequently.. upon death these can represent a significant input of organic-P to the soil. Some of these organic-P substrates must first be dephosphorylated by phosphatases before being assimilated by the soil microbial community while others can be taken up directly from soil solution. To determine whether sorption or phosphatase activity was limiting the bioavailability of low MW organic-P in soil we compared the microbial uptake and C mineralization of a range of C-14-labeled organic-P substrates [glucose-6-phosphate, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)] to that of the parent compounds (adenosine and glucose). In a fertile grassland soil we showed that at low organic-P substrate concentrations (< 0.5 mM) phosphatase activity did not limit microbial uptake or mineralization in comparison to their non-phosphorylated counterparts. However, at high substrate concentrations (1-10 mM) the mineralization of the organic-P compounds was significantly lower than that of the nonphosphorylated compounds suggesting that phosphatase activity or microbial transporter capacity limited bioavailability. Sorption to the solid phase followed the series glucose < adenosine < G-6-P < AMP < ADP=ATP. However, sorption of the organic-P compounds to the solid phase did not appear to greatly affect bioavailability. The high adenosine mineralization capacity of the microbial biomass suggests that nucleosides may represent a significant source of C and N to the soil microbial biomass. We conclude that at low organic-P substrate concentrations typical of those in soil, neither phosphatase activity nor sorption greatly limits their bioavailability.
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| 15. |
- Fransson, Ann-Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphorus fertilisation causes durable enhancement of phosphorus concentrations in forest soil
- 2000
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - 1872-7042. ; 130:1-3, s. 69-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The duration of P fertiliser in acid forest soil was investigated in a Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) forest in southcentral Sweden. The fertilisation of the soil started in 1967, but no P has been applied since 1988. The N fertilisation is still continuing. Totally, 300 kg P per hectare, as superphosphate, and/or 1090 kg N per hectare, as ammonium nitrate, was applied. Concentrations of both 0.05M Na2SO4 + 0.02M NaF extractable P and 0.5M H2SO4 extractable P in the Of, Oh, E and top B horizons of fertilised soils were elevated compared to the control. The P fractions considered to be extracted are adsorbed and some Al-bound phosphate, in the case of Na2SO4 + NaF, and Ca phosphates, in the case of H2SO4. 3-4% of the added P was recovered as Na2SO4 + NaF extractable P, and 10-22% was recovered as H2SO4 extractable P in the soil profile down through the first 5 cm of the B horizon. Still continuing ammonium nitrate fertilisation has decreased the H2SO4 extractable P concentration in this soil. Cumulative P fertiliser application of 300 kg P per hectare has counteracted this decrease. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Fransson, Ann-Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Plantago lanceolata L. and Rumex acetosella L. differ in their utilisation of soil phosphorus fractions
- 2003
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Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - 0032-079X. ; 248:1-2, s. 285-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To establish relationships between soil phosphorus (P) fractions and leaf P, a mycorrhizal species (Plantago lanceolata L.) was compared with a typically non-mycorrhizal species (Rumex acetosella L.) in a glasshouse experiment. The plants were grown in 40 soils from non-fertilised, abandoned pastures or abandoned arable fields and leaf P concentration were found to be related to various soil P fractions after six weeks of growth. The differences in the P fractions in soil can account for a large share of the variation in leaf P concentration in both species, but the two species differed in their utilisation of P fractions. Leaf P concentration of R. acetosella was more related to extractable soil P than that of P. lanceolata. Rumex acetosella showed a higher maximum P concentration. The P fractions accounting for the largest share of the variation in leaf P concentration was the Bray 1 extractable and the weak oxalate (1 mM) extractable P, and for P. lanceolata also the Na2SO4+NaF extractable P fraction. P extracted with these methods accounted for up to 80% of the variation in P concentration in leaves of R. acetosella and 65% of the variation in leaves of P. lanceolata. More P extractable with weak oxalate, Na2SO4+NaF and strong oxalate (50 mM) was released from the soil than was taken up by the plants during the experimental period. The Bray 1 extractable P fraction, however, decreased in both unplanted and planted soils. Phosphatase release was not induced in any of the plants during the experimental period, indicating that they were not mobilising soil organic P. However, some of the methods extracted a large share of the organic P and still explained much of the variation in leaf P concentration. Mycorrhizal colonisation of P. lanceolata was inversely related to the extractable soil P. The consistently fast P uptake of R. acetosella indicates that this species have a high demand for P. The differences in P utilisation between R. acetosella and P. lanceolata could be caused by their different mycorrhizal status.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Fransson, Ann-Mari
(författare)
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Soluble and Plant Available Phosphorus in Acid Soils
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The P availability and solubility differ between soils and plants seem to have different ways of utilising the P present. The many P fractions present in soil interact and are closely related to another and transformations may easily occur. Due to this more P than the soluble fraction is available to plants. Different plant species utilise the P in soil differently; the relationship between the plant P concentration and the P content of the soil differs among species. More knowledge about plant responses to low P concentrations in soil, and on the replenishment rate of the soluble P pool is needed. Different processes and reactions might also be activated as P status changes, or if the major P pool changes. However, little is known in this field of research. To determine P solubility in a particular soil, P sorption, pH, P content, distribution of P, and organic matter composition need to be investigated. Another consequence of the close relationship between the P fractions in the soil is that added P is distributed over the soil P fractions and increases the soils overall P status including the most easily available P fractions. The effect of a P fertilisation can be detected long after fertilisation has ceased as increased easily extractable P determined with methods that is considered available to plants. In contrast addition of compounds that increase one particular P fraction of the soil, for example Ca, decreases the soluble P pool in the soil. If this build-up of Ca-phosphates decreases the potentially available fraction is however not certain, this depends on if the fraction formed is in equilibrium with the directly available, more soluble P.
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| 19. |
- Fransson, Ann-Mari, et al.
(författare)
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The wood-decaying fungus Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca increases P availability in acid forest humus soil, while N addition hampers this effect
- 2004
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Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 36:11, s. 1699-1705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated the influence of the brown rot fungus Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca on P solubility in the humus layer of a podzolic forest soil. This fungus is known to exude large amounts of oxalic acid that may stimulate weathering of minerals and increase dissolution of humus, which in turn may increase P availability in the soil surrounding the fungus. Humus was inoculated using small wooden pieces colonised by the fungus. The presence of the fungus resulted in elevated concentration of PO4- in the humus solution. In a second experiment birch 4 seedlings grown in the same humus were able to utilise the PO4- mobilised by the fungus to increase their internal P content. The factor 4 determining this increased P uptake and the increased available P might be oxalate produced by fungus. The acid may directly dissolve P or change organic forms of P making it more susceptible to reaction with phosphatases. This fungal effect on P solubility diminished when N was added to the soil in the form of a slow release N fertilizer (methyl urea), or when a soil with a higher soil N concentration was used. We found a strong correlation between NH4+ concentration and total organic carbon in the soil solution at high NH4+ concentrations, suggesting the dissolution of humus as a result of the high NH4+ content in the solution. This study demonstrates that the wood-decaying fungus H. aurantiaca influences nutrient turnover in forest soil, and thereby nutrient uptake by forest trees. An intensified harvest of forest products such as whole tree harvesting may decrease the active biomass of the wood decomposers and may thereby change the availability of P and the leaching of N.
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| 20. |
- Fransson, Ann-Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Tillväxtökningar av biokol hos urbana träd på Herrhagsvägen
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Många stadsträd mår dåligt idag. Orsakerna är troligen många och många olika konstruktioner har testats för att förbättra förhållandena för träden. Denna rapport beskriver en studie där vi har undersökt om biokol kan öka tillväxten och vitaliteten hos körsbär (Prunus avium'Plena') längs en väg i Enskede, Stockholm.Vi har också testat om träden kunde växa med endast sten i växtbädden. De träd som vuxit i AMA B-jord som haft en inblandning av 50% biokol fick 35% större stamomkrets, ca 20% bredare krona och längre skottillväxt. Detta beror troligen på att biokol haren stor förmåga att fördröja uppehållelsetiden av näringsämnen i växtbäddenoch att hålla vättillgängligt vatten och biokol gör att jorden får en bättre struktur.Inga skillnader i vitalitet eller vattenupptagsförmågan under en solig dag kunde upptäckas vilket visar att den här tillväxtökningen troligen beror på näringstillgången eller på den förbättrade strukturen i jorden.De träd som växte i endast sten hade lika bra tillväxt som de i AMA B-‐växtjord. En annan slutsats man kan dra är att man inte behöver vara så noga med att få ner jord i en skelettjord eller någon annan växtbäddskonstruktion eftersom trädensrötter klarar att växa i endast sten.
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| 21. |
- Fransson, Ann-Mari
(författare)
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Vitalisering av bokar på Hyllie stationstorg
- 2019
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Målet med denna undersökning är att utvärdera statusen hos de bokar som står på Hyllie Stationstorg i Malmö. En näringsobalans i träden kunde konstateras varpå träden gödslades med lättillgänglig kväve samt långtidsverkande gödsel med mycket fosfor och kalium. Jorden förbättrades med biokol och kompost för att den vattenhållande förmågan skulle förbättras, avdunstningen skulle reduceras och för att jorden skulle behålla näring under en något längre tid. Ett år efter behandlingen sågs inga tecken på en ökad stamtillväxt, skottlängd eller ökad bladyta. Det är dock osannolikt att åtgärderna skulle ge effekt så snabbt. Rent visuellt såg dock träden grönare ut den första säsongen.
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| 22. |
- Göransson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Do oaks have different strategies for uptake of N, K and P depending on soil depth?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 297:1-2, s. 119-125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The uptake of nutrients from deep soil layers has been shown to be important for the long-term nutrient sustainability of forest soils. When modelling nutrient uptake in forest ecosystems, the nutrient uptake capacity of trees is usually defined by the root distribution. However, this leads to the assumption that roots at different soil depths have the same capacity to take up nutrients. To investigate if roots located at different soil depths differ in their nutrient uptake capacity, here defined as the nutrient uptake rate under standardized conditions, a bioassay was performed on excised roots (< 1 mm) of eight oak trees (Quercus robur L.). The results showed that the root uptake rate of Rb-86(+) (used as an analogue for K+ stop) declined with increasing soil depth, and the same trend was found for NH4+. The root uptake rate of H2PO4-, on the other hand, did not decrease with soil depth. These different physiological responses in relation to soil depth indicate differences in the oak roots, and suggest that fine roots in shallow soil layers may be specialized in taking up nutrients such as K+ and NH4+ which have a high availability in these layers, while oak roots in deep soil layers are specialized in taking up other resources, such as P, which may have a high availability in deep soil layers. Regardless of the cause of the difference in uptake trends for the various nutrients, these differences have consequences for the modelling of the soil nutrient pool beneath oak trees and raise the question of whether roots can be treated uniformly, as has previously been done in forest ecosystem models.
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| 23. |
- Göransson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Nutrient acquisition from different soil depths by pedunculate oak
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Trees. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-2285 .- 0931-1890. ; 20:3, s. 292-298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight oak trees (Quercus robur L.) received P-32 at a soil depth of 50 cm and P-33 at a soil depth of 15 cm at the end of June 2002 through plastic tubes inserted into the mineral soil. The phosphorus uptake from different soil depths was estimated by analysing the concentration of P-32 and P-33 in the foliage of oak growing in a mixed stand in southern Sweden. P-32 and P-33 were recovered in the leaves/needles after 21 and 39 days. The recovery of labelled P in oak was higher from 15 cm soil depth than from 50 cm, however, more than 4% of the total amount of labelled P was taken up from 50 cm. This indicates that oak can utilize deep soil layers for nutrient uptake. A study on the uptake of Cs (as an analogue to K) and N-15 into the leaves was performed on the same trees and detectable amounts of N-15 and Cs were recovered in leaves and buds. This indicates that N-15 and Cs can be used to study nutrient uptake of mature trees from the mineral soil.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Haaland, Christine, et al.
(författare)
-
Gröna tak för biologisk mångfald
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Movium Fakta. - 2001-2357.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Gröna tak kan utgöra livsmiljö för många växter och djur om man anlägger taken med detta syfte. I detta Movium Fakta presenteras erfarenheter och resultat från BiodiverCity samt andra relaterade projekt med målsättningen att bidra till ökad kunskap om den potential ett grönt tak kan ha för att främja den biologiska mångfalden.
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| 26. |
- Hedlund, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Utmaningar och möjligheter
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Markanvändning för en klimatpositiv framtid : En rapport om utmaningar och möjligheter i Skåne - En rapport om utmaningar och möjligheter i Skåne. - 9789198434996 - 9789198434989 ; , s. 48-60
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
- Jauni, Miia, et al.
(författare)
-
Alkaline habitat for vegetated roofs? : Ecosystem dynamics in a vegetated roof with crushed concrete-based substrate
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ecological Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0925-8574 .- 1872-6992. ; 157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using local and recycled materials is a sustainable way to establish a vegetated roof. In order to understand how the roof ecosystem functions and returns ecosystem services, it is important to study vegetation, soil organisms and runoff quality. We established a vegetated roof experiment based on a substrate containing lightweight crushed concrete, an alkaline side product from a concrete factory, mixed with compost. This five-year experiment in southern Finland tested how planting method (pre-grown vegetation mats vs. pot planting), compost content (20% vs. 40%, fresh volume), and substrate depth affect the cover and diversity of plants, the abundance of soil animals and the quality of runoff. Although the substrate had a high pH (7.3–11.8), many vascular plants were able to survive and establish viable populations. The planting method had a strong effect on plant diversity and the cover of individual species because the vegetation mats became dominated by the invasive, non-native Phedimus hybridus. Establishment with pot plants in turn provided bare ground that was colonised by spontaneous non-invasive species. This resulted in higher diversity, and a more even distribution of species. The amount of compost had only a weak impact on vegetation, whereas high pH generally reduced plant abundance and diversity. The concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in runoff were low as compared to values reported from many other vegetated roofs, were not affected by compost content and decreased over time. In summary, the high-pH substrate based on recycled materials is an environmentally responsible choice, suitable for a wide variety of plants, even rare and endangered species.
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| 28. |
- Lankinen, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Allocation to pollen competitive ability versus seed production in Viola tricoloras an effect of plant size, soil nutrients and presence of a root competitor
- 2012
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Ingår i: Oikos. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 122:5, s. 779-789
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In hermaphroditic plants, the effect of a social environment on sex allocation has not been studied to our knowledge, while in hermaphroditic animals such effects are known to be common. In recent years, studies on root competition beyond the effects of nutrients have shown that plants can respond to their conspecific root competitors (social environment), making it interesting to ask if these effects could also influence sex allocation in addition to more commonly studied factors, such as plant size or resources. In this study on hermaphroditic Viola tricolor, we investigated how plant size, soil nutrients and presence of a root competitor influenced allocation to pollen competitive ability versus seed production, i.e. male and female reproductive functions. We allowed plants to grow in pairs with partly intermingled or separate roots in the same amount of soil. In additional treatments with intermingled roots (as part of the same experiment) one of the two competitors was given combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and micro nutrients. We found that pollen performance but not seed production increased when plants were in contact in the soil. Additionally, pollen performance was negatively correlated to plant size across fertilisation treatments. For seed production, the opposite relation to plant size was seen, indicating that large, fertilized plants invest relatively more in the female function. In conclusion, in violets, sex allocation appears to be size-dependent and influenced by both the presence of a root competitor and by nutrients. These results suggest that social environment can influence sex allocation in plants as well as in animals, indicating that such effects are important to consider in sex allocation studies across taxa.
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| 29. |
- Levinsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of nursery production system on water status in transplanted trees
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 178, s. 124-131
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the nursery production system on post-transplant water uptake and stress in urban trees during the establishment phase. Field-grown trees of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L) and red oak (Quercus rubra L) were either transplanted as bare-rooted or balled & burlapped, or subjected to fine-root-stimulating measures (in so called pre-establishing systems) as root-pruning, air-potting or fabric-container-cultivation in the nurseries one year prior to transplanting. All trees were planted at two sites: one occasionally dry site in the city of Malmö and one with adequate water supply at all times, at an experimental rural site at Alnarp campus, both in Sweden. Shoot water potential was determined every third week at midday and pre-dawn the following morning during the three first years after transplanting. Leaf surface area was measured annually. The red oak trees from the pre-establishing systems showed higher water potentials at every measuring occasion compared to that of bare-rooted red oak trees at the rural site during the first year. The air-potted sweet cherry trees at the rural site had higher midday water potential than the bare-rooted trees at every measuring occasion during the first year. Leaf surface area was larger for air-potted red oaks than bare-rooted red oaks during the first post-transplant year (p < 0.001, both sites). The differences between the production systems did not persist during the following two years. Leaf surface area was restored to pre-transplant size in all trees at the rural site after three years but still reduced at the urban site. These results suggest that the pre-establishing systems do have an impact on water status when soil water availability is sufficient, but less significance in typically urban areas, with limited soil water during the initial post-transplant phase. The results indicate that red oak and sweet cherry trees planted in an urban context, with occasionally low soil water amounts, are not favored by cultivation in pre-establishing systems prior to transplant, and that low water availability cannot be compensated for by high amounts of fine roots. Good establishment management is required also for trees submitted to pre-establishing measures.
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| 30. |
- Levinsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigating the relationship between various measuring methods for determination of establishment success of urban trees
- 2017
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 28, s. 21-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Establishment is a key concept in urban forestry but it is currently inconsistently defined and measured. Thus, several different methods are being used to determine establishment success but their consequences and applications are rarely discussed. With this paper we would like to stimulate an increased discussion regarding these concepts both in relation to a theoretical definition but also to their practical use. The problem was approached through an experiment using sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) trees and the most common methods used for determination of establishment success. The trees were studied during the first three years after transplant and the association between the different measuring methods was examined. A Principal Component Analysis showed that terminal and lateral shoot length were strongly correlated, and that midday- and pre-dawn shoot water potential, and stomatal conductance were strongly correlated. We developed an index for nightly recovery of water status, which showed that terminal shoot growth was not related to nightly recovery until the third year after transplanting. Our results suggest that successful tree establishment is determined differently depending on which method is used for determination but that the differences might decrease with time. The lack of a firm definition of the term establishment may complicate communication, both within the scientific community and in practice.
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| 31. |
- Levinsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Visual assessments of establishment success in urban Prunus avium (L.) and Quercus rubra (L.) in relation to water status and crown morphological characteristics
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 14:2, s. 218-224
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing the establishment of newly planted urban trees is important to ensure that establishmentmanagement is maintained as long as needed. Such assessment is often based on visual appraisal of the post-transplant vitality two or three years after planting. How visual assessments relate to water status in the trees, or which morphological characteristics that are driving forces in such assessments have received limited attention in past research. In this interdisciplinary study, several leaf characteristics, such as leafshape, size and colour were determined on 50 trees each of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and red oak(Quercus rubra L.), transplanted to two Swedish sites three seasons before the study. In addition, shoot length was measured, and crown density, crownshape and die-back were estimated. Visual establishment assessments were performed by professional evaluators, who also completed a questionnaire on their background knowledge and priorities during assessments. The study investigated which of these leaf and crown characteristics had the greatest impact on the assessments. In addition, it compared the characteristics and evaluator assessments against the tree water status, determined by pre-dawn shoot water potential measurements. Visual assessments proved to be unrelated to shoot water potential for both species but, for red oak the assessments were strongly related to leaf colour and leaf shape. Shootwater potential was related to leaf size but not to leaf colour, indicating that one of the most influential parameters for visual assessments of red oak were not well-suited for determining tree establishment success, if defined by water status. The assessments for sweet cherry were best explained by leaf area. Our findings suggest that leaf size is a good indicator of tree establishment and that leaf shape, the character considered least important by tree evaluators, is influential on tree assessments. These findings are important for the development of more accurate tree expert assessments.
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| 32. |
- Mahmood, Shahid, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of hardened wood ash on microbial activity, plant growth and nutrient uptake by ectomycorrhizal spruce seedlings
- 2003
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - 1574-6941. ; 43:1, s. 121-131
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant growth, nutrient uptake, microbial biomass and activity were studied in pot systems containing spruce seedlings colonised with different ectomycorrhizal fungi from an ash-fertilised forest. The seedling root systems were enclosed in mesh bags inside an outer compartment containing crushed, hardened wood ash. Three different species of mycorrhizal fungi and a non-mycorrhizal control were exposed to factorial combinations of ash and N addition. Ash treatment had a highly significant, positive effect on plant growth and on shoot and root concentrations of K, Ca and P, irrespective of mycorrhizal status. Mycorrhizal inoculation had a significant effect on plant growth, which was proportionally greater in the absence of ash. N addition had a significant positive effect on plant biomass in mycorrhizal treatments with ash, but no effect in non-mycorrhizal treatments or most of the mycorrhizal treatments without ash. Piloderma sp. 1, which was earlier found to colonise wood ash granules in field studies, appeared to accumulate Ca from ash in the mycorrhizal roots. 5-6.7% of the total P in the ash was solubilised, with 0.9-1.5% in solution, 3.6-4.6% in the plants and 0.5-1.5% in microbial biomass. Bacterial activity as determined by [H-3]-thymidine and [C-14]-leucine incorporation was significantly greater in ash treatments than in controls with no ash addition. Principal component analysis (PCA) of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) showed a clear difference in bacterial community structure between samples collected from ash-treated pots and controls without ash. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 33. |
- Ode Sang, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Planning, Designing, and Managing Green Roofs and Green Walls for Public Health : An Ecosystem Services Approach
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-701X. ; 10
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Installing green roofs and green walls in urban areas is suggested to supply multiple ecosystem services of benefit to human health and well-being. In a three-step literature review, we examined current knowledge on the link between public health and green roofs and green walls. A systematic search identified 69 scientific articles on green roofs/walls with a public health discourse. These articles were categorized according to type of health path covered (reduction of temperature, air pollution, noise or environmental appraisal) and coverage of issues of relevance for strategies on planning, design/construction, and maintenance of green roofs and green walls. Articles identified through the structured search were complemented with reviews (with no explicit public health rationale) covering reduction of noise, temperature, or air pollution and environmental appraisal. Other relevant studies were identified through snowballing. Several of the articles provided guidelines for optimizing the effect of green roofs/walls in supporting ecosystem services and maximizing well-being benefits to support health pathways identified. These included specifications about planning issues, with recommended spatial allocation (locations where people live, sun-exposed for maximum ambient temperature reduction) and with physical access needed for environmental appraisal. Recommendations regarding design parameters covered substrate depth (deeper generally being better), plant choices (more diverse roofs providing more services), and maintenance issues (moist substrate positively correlated with heat reduction).
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| 34. |
- Pedersen, Jorgen, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of Anisantha (Bromus) tectorum and Rumex acetosella in sandy calcareous soil
- 2011
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Ingår i: Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. - : Elsevier BV. - 0367-2530. ; 206:3, s. 276-281
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many plants are adapted to an eroded landscape with a large proportion of virgin soil. Open and disturbed soils are today almost only restricted to agricultural fields with high loads of fertilizers. We conducted a pot experiment in order to investigate growth and nutritional constraints of one calcicole species, Anisantha (syn. Bromus) tectorum, and one calcifuge species, Rumex acetosella, in decalcified topsoil and recently exposed calcareous subsoil from a field experiment in sandy grassland. In the pot experiment we implemented one treatment where we limed topsoil with CaCO3 to the same amount as in subsoil. The subsoil had approximately 10% CaCO3 and both species grew less in this soil compared to the topsoil, which had less than 1% CaCO3. Germination rate of A. tectorum was higher in subsoil than in topsoil or limed topsoil. P fertilization of the limed topsoil counteracted the negative liming effect for A. tectorum, but only partly so for R. acetosella. P fertilization of subsoil increased the shoot biomass of A. tectorum, but not of R. acetosella. P concentration in plants was not reduced when growing on subsoil or limed topsoil compared to topsoil. The results show that lime addition may reduce the P availability also to calcicole species such as A. tectorum and we found indications for that Ca toxicity may be a causing factor for the calcifuge behavior of R. acetosella. The significance of the results for conservation management practices in sandy grasslands is discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Rousk, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing plant-microbial competition for P-33 using uptake into phospholipids
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-1393. ; 36:2-3, s. 233-237
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel method of estimating soil microbial P uptake, using P-33 incorporation into the phospholipids in soil microbial biomass, was used in a study of P-competition between plants and microorganisms. The microbial biomass, and thus the competition for the added P-33, was altered by using different glucose treatments in a microcosm set-up. There was obvious competition for P-33, as shown by the negative relationship between P-33 uptake by the plant and P-33 incorporation into microbial phospholipids. The data thus indicate that soil microorganisms partly control P-33 uptake by the plant. The suggested method of measuring P-33 in phospholipids appears to have the potential to provide a rapid alternative to techniques such as chloroform fumigation-extraction for the determination of microbial P uptake, although at present the method will only give relative estimates of P uptake.
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| 36. |
- Sandberg, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Despite high uptake efficiency, non-mycorrhizal Rumex acetosella increases available phosphorous in the rhizosphere soil, whereas Viscaria vulgaris, Plantago lanceolata and Achillea millefolium does not
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 27:5, s. 444-448
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phosphorous (P) uptake efficiency, reduction of the soil extractable P, and the root morphology was determined for the four common grassland species Rumex acetosella, Viscaria vulgaris, Plantago lanceolata and Achillea millefolium in one pot cultivation and one microcosm experiment. Rumex acetosella produced more than tree times as much biomass as each of V. vulgaris, P. lanceolata and A. millefolium, and could maintain a P concentration in the tissue that was twice as high as in the other species. R. acetosella was able to take up 10 times more phosphorous than the other species but the high uptake was not reflected in reduced Olsen P levels in the root affected soil. Calculating the uptake efficiency of the roots with a diameter less than 0.5 mm showed that the P uptake, calculated per root area, had been more efficient in R. acetosella than in the other species. The calculated rhizosphere volume (explored by the plant) seemed to correlate with the higher uptake efficiency of R. acetosella. We can conclude that R. acetosella have mechanisms to maintain a high P availability in the soil and may sustain a high uptake without any mycorrhizal interactions.
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| 37. |
- Sörelius, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Klimatsäkrade systemytor för urbana miljöer – referensanläggningar och studier i urban miljö
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande rapport är en del av projektet Klimatsäkrade systemlösningar för urbana ytor, ett tvärvetenskapligt samarbetsprojekt mellan; CBI Betonginstitutet (Projektkoordinator, numer RISE/CBI), Statens Väg och Transportforskningsinstitut (VTI), Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut (SP) – Numer RISE, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Benders, Cementa, NCC, Starka, Stenindustrins forskningsinstitut, Stenteknik, Stockholms stad, Helsingborgs Stad, Uppsala Stad, Göteborgs Stad, Lunds Kommun, Växjö Kommun, Trädgårdsanläggarnas förbund, Movium (SLU), VIÖS, CEC Design, StormTac, Ramböll och Sweco. Projektet bedrivs inom ramen för Vinnovas program ”Utmaningsdriven innovation – Hållbara attraktiva städer” och delfinansieras av Vinnova. Resultaten från projektet publiceras på projektets webbplats www.klimatsakradstad.se
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| 38. |
- Thorpert, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Integration Between Colour Theory and Biodiversity Values in the Design of Livning Walls
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Designing green infrastructure in cities requires vegetation that has multiple outcomes and functions, particularly using plants that have both attractive visual or aesthetic features and high biodiversity values. Plantings that have high visual appeal are more highly valued by people and increase their feeling of wellbeing. Increasing biodiversity in cities is one of the major challenges facing urban planning and design. However, balancing biodiversity and aesthetic outcomes in urban planting design is complex, and to date there are few methods that can be used to guide plant selection. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the use of a colour theory framework for planting arrangements to see if we could design vegetation that is highly aesthetic and has high biodiversity. We did this by configuring planting combinations for living walls in Malmö, Sweden, using principles based on Johannes Itten’s colour theories. The plant combinations on each wall were graphically arranged using (1) colour analysis of each plant and (2) design of the plant species into two colour schemes: light-dark colour concept and a complementary colour concept. For each species used in the compositions we created a biodiversity classification, based on its pollination value, “nativeness” and conservation value as a cultivar; and a plant visual quality classification, based on the performance from living walls studies. The graphical colour composition and interlinked biodiversity value were then compared to designs created with randomly selected plant species. The results showed that it is possible to design a living wall based on colour theory without compromising with biodiversity outcomes, namely species richness, pollination and the nativeness of the species. The results also indicate the potential application of this design approach to deliver greater aesthetic appreciation and enjoyment from plantings. While more work is needed, this study has shown that a theoretical colour framework can be a useful tool in designing green infrastructure to improve delivery of both cultural and regulatory ecosystem services.
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| 39. |
- Wuolo, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Trees with a Denser Crown have Lower Water Consumption than Trees with a Sparser Crown
- 2023
-
Ingår i: JOJ Horticulture & Arboriculture. - : Juniper Publishers. - 2641-8215. ; 4:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trees have many positive effects on the urban environment, but they are also exposed to several stress factors. Water deficit is one of these. Irrigation, structural soils or selecting drought tolerant species are different ways to meet this problem. Another way might be choosing individuals that could reduce water loss due to microclimate differences within the crown. The objective of this study is to address whether different crown densities in single trees may influence the water consumption during days with high atmospheric demand. Two pairs of similar Tilia cordata Mill. ‘Green spire’ with different crown densities, one dense and one sparse, were planted in containers and placed on scales at a paved yard in Alnarp, Sweden, during July and August 2009. Daily weight loss was continuously logged, and measurements of stomatal conductance and stem water potential were performed twice a day. Stomatal conductance was approximately 66% higher (3 mm s-1) in the sparse tree of pair S7:D46 and approximately 20% higher (1 mm s-1) in the sparse tree of pair S52:D21. The dense trees and sparse tree S52 used on average 10.2-10.9 kg water day-1 (1.2-1.4 mm day-1). Sparse tree S7 used on average 13.8 kg water day-1 (2.1 mm day-1). This difference might be caused by different microclimates in the crowns of the sparse and dense trees. Other factors were kept as similar as possible within each pair. The difference in water use was, however, more pronounced in one of the pairs. This could be caused by the different ability for water uptake and transport in the two pairs. The pair with the largest difference in water use had the strongest growth. We conclude that crown density affects water use of a tree in an urban environment; sparse linden trees consume more water than dense.
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| 40. |
- Östberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Förebyggande av rotinträngningar i VA-ledningar - utveckling av beslutsstöd
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2007 data regarding sewage pipes and CCTV-inspections of the sewage pipe interior, a total of 1 113 sewage pipes with 3 417 root intrusions, was collected from the three cities; Malmö, Skövde and Katrineholm. In 2008 additional data was collected consisting of an inventory of 4 590 trees in Malmö Skövde and Katrineholm, and CCTV inspections in another city, Växjö. Another 74 778 trees were inventoried and 23 312 trees registered from the participating cities’ databases. These trees were geographically distributed throughout the cities. Overall this constitutes a database of 102 680 trees. By using the collected data, analysis showed that PVC-pipes have less root intrusions penetrating through the joints than pipes made of other materials. However, PVC-pipes have more root intrusions per meter pipe. This is probably due to roots entering the pipes through service connections and at the transition between PVC and other materials. The reason why PVC has less root intrusions that have penetrated through the joints compared to concrete pipes can also be affected by the joint frequency which is significantly lower in the PVC pipes. By this comparison it is not concluded that PVC is better or worse to resist root intrusions than concrete. We can see indications that a large share of the root intrusions might be avoided if fewer damages were present on the pipes and if the connections were made in a more root-resistant manner. These indications demonstrate that root intrusions even in the future will be a serious operational problem, despite the use of pipes with high sealing ability of the joints or the jointless pipes. The survey also showed that renovated pipes have problems with root intrusions a relatively short time after the renovation from root intrusions. Root intrusions into renovated pipes may have occurred at the manholes or at the service connections. To overcome the problem with root intrusions future research must be directed to enhance the sealing capacity along the whole pipeline, rather than on individual sealings. The investigation has shown that the minimum distance of three meters that was previously recommended in order to reduce the risk of root intrusion is insufficient. We can see a high number of trees at a distance between 3 to 7 meters from the root intrusions, and we suggest that the distance be increased to 7 meters. This will create challenges for the landscapers, but it is of great importance if to reduce the number root intrusions in the future. The species that have been regarded as more or less likely to give rise to root intrusions has previously been listed. This project provides a new such list. In this list both willow, poplar/aspen, roses and thuja occurs. It is thereby clear that even shrubs can cause root intrusions. The species that occur with a higher frequency close to root intrusions are also interestingly not only willow, poplar/aspen. In addition it seems that the species that are frequent surrounding root intrusions are not the same in the cities investigated. In light of these results, previous recommendations must be taken with some caution
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Östberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of root intrusion by tree and shrub species into sewer pipes in Swedish urban areas
- 2012
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 11:1, s. 65-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blockages in sewer pipes caused by roots are very common and several tree and shrub species are reported to be particularly likely to cause root intrusion. This study examined the relative ability of roots of different species to intrude into urban sewer pipes.Data on root-intruded pipes and the woody plants surrounding these pipes were collected from two Swedish cities, Malmö and Skövde. Plant material, location data and closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspections on root-intruded pipes with a total length of 33.7 km, containing 2180 different points of root intrusion, were examined. An inventory of 4107 woody plants was compiled.The results showed that broad-leaved trees dominated as a cause of root intrusion, but that conifers and a number of shrubs, e.g. the genera Ligustrum, Spiraea and Syringa, were also likely to have caused root intrusion. Malus floribunda Van Houtte was found to have the highest mean share of root intrusions per estimated number of pipe joints when all joints and all root intrusions within a 10 m radius from trees were calculated (0.694, maximum number of intrusions per joint 1.0), while Populus canadensis ‘Robusta’ Moench had the second highest, with 0.456 intrusions per estimated joint. However, other Malus and Populus species and cultivars had a much lower mean share of root intrusions.Most species seemed capable of causing root intrusion, and not only species of the genera Populus and Salix that were previously seen as the species most likely to cause damage to stormwater and sewer systems. There were differences in the frequency of joint intrusion by roots of different species, but the reasons for these differences were not identified and further research in the area is needed.
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- Östberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Standardiserad trädinventering och insamling av data för träd i urban miljö
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trädinventeringar och insamling av data om träd blir allt vanligare inom olika verksamheter som berör stadens utemiljö. Det är viktigt att dessa arbeten utförs med hög noggrannhet och kvalitet. Om de metoder och inventeringsparameter som tillämpas är jämförbara kan olika aktörer bättre dra nytta av varandras erfarenheter, och upphandlingsarbetet underlättas. Område Landskapsutveckling vid SLU i Alnarp startade därför den 1 januari 2010 arbetet med att ta fram riktlinjer för insamling av träddata. Denna standard är slutprodukten av detta projekt. Som ett komplement till standarden finns en rapport som beskriver hur författarna har tänkt gällande valet och definitionerna av de olika parametrarna, tillsammans med exempel på användningsområden för trädinformationen. Förhoppningen är att denna rapport ska besvara de eventuella frågor som kan dyka upp vid arbetet med denna standard.
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- Östberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Sådan registrerer man bytræer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Grønt miljø. - 0108-4755. ; 4, s. 32-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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