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| 4. |
- Höglund, Arja, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between fluctuations in daytime sleepiness and motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders Clinical Practice. - 2330-1619. ; 8:1, s. 44-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background Non-motor fluctuations (NMF) are a major concern in Parkinson's disease (PD), and they have been categorised into neuropsychiatric, autonomic and sensory fluctuations. However, this categorisation does not include sleep and sleep-related features, and the association between daytime sleepiness and other motor and/or non-motor fluctuations in PD remains to be elucidated. Objective To investigate the relationship between daytime sleepiness and other non-motor and motor fluctuations in people with PD. Methods A three-day home diary recording daytime sleepiness, mood, anxiety, and motor symptoms was used along with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and six days of accelerometer (Parkinson's KinetiGraph?; PKG?) registration to detect motor fluctuations among people with a DaTSCAN verified clinical PD diagnosis (32 men; mean PD duration, 8.2?years). Participants were categorised as motor fluctuators or non-fluctuators according to the UPDRS part IV and/or the presence of motor and non-motor fluctuations. Results Fifty-two people with PD participated. Daytime sleepiness correlated significantly with motor symptoms, mood and anxiety among those classified as motor fluctuators (n = 28). Motor fluctuators showed stronger correlations between the individual mean level of all diary variables (daytime sleepiness, anxiety, mood and motor symptoms) when compared to the non-fluctuators (n = 24). Stronger positive within-individual correlations were found among fluctuators in comparison to non-fluctuators. In general, PKG data did not correlate with diary data. Conclusion Episodes of daytime sleepiness, as reported by home diaries, were associated with other self-reported non-motor and motor fluctuations, but were not supported by PKG data.
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- Granberg, T, et al.
(författare)
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Corpus callosum atrophy is strongly associated with cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: Results of a 17-year longitudinal study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0970 .- 1352-4585. ; 21:9, s. 1151-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and may be subtle. The corpus callosum is essential for connectivity-demanding cognitive tasks and is significantly affected in MS, therefore it may serve as a marker for cognitive function. Objective: The objective of this paper is to longitudinally study the normalized corpus callosum area (nCCA) as a marker of cognitive function and disability in MS. Methods: Thirty-seven MS patients were followed from 1996 with follow-ups in 2004 and 2013. A healthy matched control group was recruited. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were assessed. The nCCA was measured on T2-weighted images. Volumetry was performed with FreeSurfer. Results: Disease duration spanned five decades (1.6–46 years). Annual corpus callosal atrophy rate decreased with disease duration. nCCA was strongly correlated with SDMT ( r = 0.793, p < 0.001) and moderately correlated with EDSS ( r = −0.545, p < 0.001) after adjusting for disease duration, age and sex. The correlations of brain parenchymal fraction, white matter fraction, gray matter fraction and normalized lesion volume were less strong. Conclusions: The nCCA correlates well with physical and cognitive disability in time perspectives close to two decades, outperforming volumetric measurements. The nCCA is fast and could be feasible for clinical implementation where it may help identify patients in need of neuropsychological evaluation.
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- Akesson, E, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide screen for linkage in Nordic sib-pairs with multiple sclerosis
- 2002
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Ingår i: Genes and Immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5470 .- 1466-4879. ; 3:5, s. 279-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic factors influence susceptibility to multiple sclerosis but the responsible genes remain largely undefined, association with MHC class II alleles being the only established genetic feature of the disease. The Nordic countries have a high prevalence of multiple sclerosis, and to further explore the genetic background of the disease, we have carried out a genome-wide screen for linkage in 136 sibling-pairs with multiple sclerosis from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden by typing 399 microsatellite markers. Seventeen regions where the lod score exceeds the nominal 5% significance threshold (0.7) were identified-1q11-24, 2q24-32, 3p26.3, 3q21.1, 4q12, 6p25.3, 6p21-22, 6q21, 9q34.3, 10p15, 10p12-13, 11p15.5, 12q21.3, 16p13.3, 17q25.3, 22q12-13 and Xp22.3. Although none of these regions reaches the level of genome-wide significance, the number observed exceeds the 10 that would be expected by chance alone. Our results significantly add to the growing body of linkage data relating to multiple sclerosis.
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- Bergman, Olle, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Association between amygdala reactivity and a dopamine transporter gene polymorphism.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Essential for detection of relevant external stimuli and for fear processing, the amygdala is under modulatory influence of dopamine (DA). The DA transporter (DAT) is of fundamental importance for the regulation of DA transmission by mediating reuptake inactivation of extracellular DA. This study examined if a common functional variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the DAT gene (SLC6A3) influences amygdala function during the processing of aversive emotional stimuli. Amygdala reactivity was examined by comparing regional cerebral blood flow, measured with positron emission tomography and [(15)O]water, during exposure to angry and neutral faces, respectively, in a Swedish sample comprising 32 patients with social anxiety disorder and 17 healthy volunteers. In a separate US sample, comprising 85 healthy volunteers studied with blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, amygdala reactivity was assessed by comparing the activity during exposure to threatening faces and neutral geometric shapes, respectively. In both the Swedish and the US sample, 9-repeat carriers displayed higher amygdala reactivity than 10-repeat homozygotes. The results suggest that this polymorphism contributes to individual variability in amygdala reactivity.
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- Gilbert, M. Thomas P., et al.
(författare)
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Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of mitochondria from ancient hair shafts
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 317:5846, s. 1927-1930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the application of sequencing-by-synthesis techniques to DNA extracted from bones has revolutionized the study of ancient DNA, it has been plagued by large fractions of contaminating environmental DNA. The genetic analyses of hair shafts could be a solution: We present 10 previously unexamined Siberian mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) mitochondrial genomes, sequenced with up to 48-fold coverage. The observed levels of damage-derived sequencing errors were lower than those observed in previously published frozen bone samples, even though one of the specimens was >50,000 14C years old and another had been stored for 200 years at room temperature. The method therefore sets the stage for molecular-genetic analysis of museum collections.
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- Granberg, T, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Feasibility of Synthetic MRI in Multiple Sclerosis : A Diagnostic and Volumetric Validation Study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 37:6, s. 1023-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quantitative MR imaging techniques are gaining interest as methods of reducing acquisition times while additionally providing robust measurements. This study aimed to implement a synthetic MR imaging method on a new scanner type and to compare its diagnostic accuracy and volumetry with conventional MR imaging in patients with MS and controls.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with MS and 20 healthy controls were enrolled after ethics approval and written informed consent. Synthetic MR imaging was implemented on a Siemens 3T scanner. Comparable conventional and synthetic proton-density-, T1-, and T2-weighted, and FLAIR images were acquired. Diagnostic accuracy, lesion detection, and artifacts were assessed by blinded neuroradiologic evaluation, and contrast-to-noise ratios, by manual tracing. Volumetry was performed with synthetic MR imaging, FreeSurfer, FMRIB Software Library, and Statistical Parametric Mapping. Repeatability was quantified by using the coefficient of variance.RESULTS: Synthetic proton-density-, T1-, and T2-weighted images were of sufficient or good quality and were acquired in 7% less time than with conventional MR imaging. Synthetic FLAIR images were degraded by artifacts. Lesion counts and volumes were higher in synthetic MR imaging due to differences in the contrast of dirty-appearing WM but did not affect the radiologic diagnostic classification or lesion topography (P = .50-.77). Synthetic MR imaging provided segmentations with the shortest processing time (16 seconds) and the lowest repeatability error for brain volume (0.14%), intracranial volume (0.12%), brain parenchymal fraction (0.14%), and GM fraction (0.56%).CONCLUSIONS: Synthetic MR imaging can be an alternative to conventional MR imaging for generating diagnostic proton-density-, T1-, and T2-weighted images in patients with MS and controls while additionally delivering fast and robust volumetric measurements suitable for MS studies.
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| 24. |
- Hoglund, A., et al.
(författare)
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Is excessive daytime sleepiness a separate manifestation in Parkinson's disease?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 132:2, s. 97-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundExcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its role and relation to other PD features is less well understood. ObjectiveTo investigate potential predictors of EDS in PD and to explore how EDS relates to other motor and non-motor PD features. Methods118 consecutive persons with PD (54% men; mean age, 64) were assessed regarding EDS using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and a range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Variables significantly associated with ESS scores in bivariate analyses were used in multiple regression analyses with ESS scores as the dependent variable. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to explore the interrelationships between ESS scores and other motor and non-motor PD aspects. ResultsAmong 114 persons with complete ESS data, significant independent associations were found between ESS scores and axial/postural/gait impairment, depressive symptoms, and pain (R-2, 0.199). ESS scores did not load significantly together with any other PD features in the PCA. ConclusionsOnly a limited proportion of the variation in EDS could be accounted for by other symptoms, and EDS did not cluster together with any other PD features in PCAs. This suggests that EDS is a separate manifestation differing from, for example, poor sleep quality and fatigue.
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| 30. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced cerebrospinal fluid BACE1 activity in multiple sclerosis.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 15:4, s. 448-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cell and animal experiments have shown that beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) may be involved in myelination. OBJECTIVE: Here, we assess the association of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) BACE1 activity with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: BACE1 activity and levels of secreted amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid-beta (Abeta) isoforms were analyzed in CSF from 100 patients with MS and 114 neurologically healthy controls. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 26 with and 41 without cerebral engagement, were also included to enable comparisons with regards to another autoimmune disease. A subset of patients with MS and controls underwent a second lumbar puncture after 10 years. RESULTS: MS patients had lower CSF BACE1 activity than controls (P = 0.03) and patients with cerebral SLE (P < 0.001). Patients with cerebral SLE had higher BACE1 activity than any other group (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). BACE1 activity correlated with the different amyloid markers in all study groups. BACE1 activity decreased over 10 years in the MS group (P = 0.039) and correlated weakly with clinical disease severity scores in an inverse manner. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an involvement of BACE1 in the MS disease process.
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- Wasay, M, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple sclerosis in Pakistan
- 2007
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Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 13:5, s. 668-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe retrospective data from the largest series of patients (n=142) with multiple sclerosis (MS) from Pakistan. Mean age at onset was 27 years, with a female to male ratio of 1.45:1. The disease onset was polysymptomatic in 75% patients. Motor weakness was the most common onset symptom (70%), followed by sensory symptoms (45%). Optico-spinal type of MS was seen in only 3% of patients The courzse was relapsing-remitting (RR) in 81%, primary progressive (PP) in 21%, and secondary progressive (SP) in 4% of patients. Almost three-fourths of the patients were moderately (45%) or severely (31%) disabled at the time of evaluation. Two-thirds of patients with severe disability had a mean disease duration of only 5.2 years. In conclusion, MS is not uncommon in Pakistan, and many patients were found to have severe disability despite short disease duration. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 668-669. http://msj.sagepub.com
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| 39. |
- Ahremark, G, et al.
(författare)
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[How MS was discovered in Sweden]
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lakartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 109:38, s. 1688-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 40. |
- Akesson, E, et al.
(författare)
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[Multiple sclerosis]
- 2004
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Ingår i: Lakartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 101:32-33, s. 2489-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Baldwin, David S, et al.
(författare)
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Manifesto for a European anxiety disorders research network.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7862 .- 0924-977X. ; 20:6, s. 426-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the size, burden and costs of anxiety disorders, many patients remain unrecognised, and the effectiveness of evidence-based interventions in routine clinical practice can be disappointing. The European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) has established the ECNP Network Initiative (ECNP-NI) to help meet the goal of extending current understanding of the causes of central nervous system disorders, thereby contributing to improvements in clinical outcomes and reducing the associated societal burden. The Anxiety Disorders Research Network (ADRN) has been adopted within the ECNP-NI: this consensus statement summarises its overall aims and objectives.
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| 44. |
- Berg, J, et al.
(författare)
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Costs and quality of life of multiple sclerosis in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-7598. ; 7 Suppl 2, s. S75-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Bergendal, G., et al.
(författare)
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Callosal atrophy in multiple sclerosis is related to cognitive speed
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 19:7, s. 969-969
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bergendal G, Martola J, Stawiarz L, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Fredrikson S, Almkvist O. Callosal atrophy in multiple sclerosis is related to cognitive speed. Acta Neurol Scand: 2013: 127: 281-289. (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Background Long-term changes regarding corpus callosum area (CCA) and information processing speed in cognitive and sensory-motor tasks have rarely been studied in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective and methods Information processing speed in cognitive (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT), sensory (visual and auditory reaction time) and motor (finger-tapping speed, FT; right and left hand) tasks as well as auditory inter-hemispheric transfer (verbal dichotic listening, VDL) was related to CCA, measured by MRI at baseline and at follow-up after nine years in 22 patients with MS. Possible confounding by demographic (age, gender and education), clinical (symptom onset, duration, severity of disease) and relative brain volume (RBV) as well as T2 lesion load was taken into account. Results The smaller the CCA at baseline, the slower was SDMT performance at baseline. In a similar way, CCA at follow-up was associated with poor SDMT result at follow-up. Furthermore, the higher the annual rate of change in CCA, the poorer was performance in VDL on the left ear and the more pronounced was the right ear advantage. A positive relationship between performance in VDL right ear and annual rate of change in RBV was also seen. Sensory-motor tests were not significantly associated with CCA. T2 lesion load at baseline was associated with FT performance at baseline. Demographic, clinical and radiological (RBV and T2 lesion load) characteristics did not confound the significant relation between CCA and SDMT. Conclusions CCA unlike RBV and T2 lesion load was associated with SDMT, which indicated a marked cognitive rather than perceptual-motor component.
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| 50. |
- Bergendal, G., et al.
(författare)
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Selective decline in information processing in subgroups of multiple sclerosis : An 8-year longitudinal study
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Neurology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-3022 .- 1421-9913. ; 57:4, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes white matter and cortical lesions over many years. The CNS is selectively affected by the disease with a great variety of symptoms between patients. In this study, we describe the impact on various aspects of cognition over an 8-year follow-up period in 31 consecutive MS patients subgrouped as relapsing remitting (RR) MS, secondary progressive (SP) MS, and primary progressive (PP) MS. Results showed a differential pattern of cognitive decline already at baseline in speed of information processing. During the follow-up, a pronounced decline occurred in speed of information processing, finger-motor speed, copying geometrical designs, episodic memory, and visuospatial short-term memory. A striking difference was observed between a marked decline in visual reaction time, whereas no significant change was seen in auditory reaction time. In contrast, there was no time-related decline in verbal abilities. However, an initial marked cognitive impairment predicted further cognitive decline over the 8-year follow-up. Information-processing tests were found to be an especially strong predictor of long-term cognitive decline. In addition, high EDSS score at followup was associated with decline in information processes. Results also showed that SP-MS patients deteriorated significantly more than the other two groups, particularly in visual compared to auditory information processing. To conclude, cognitive decline appeared particularly in SP-MS patients and in visual information processing.
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