| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
-
The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Muscarella, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
The global abundance of tree palms
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 29:9, s. 1495-1514
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimPalms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change.LocationTropical and subtropical moist forests.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedPalms (Arecaceae).MethodsWe assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure.ResultsOn average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work.ConclusionsTree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.
|
|
| 11. |
- Wiviott, Stephen D, et al.
(författare)
-
Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 380:4, s. 347-357
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cardiovascular safety profile of dapagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 that promotes glucosuria in patients with type 2 diabetes, is undefined.We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes who had or were at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease to receive either dapagliflozin or placebo. The primary safety outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke. The primary efficacy outcomes were MACE and a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure. Secondary efficacy outcomes were a renal composite (≥40% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate to <60 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area, new end-stage renal disease, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes) and death from any cause.We evaluated 17,160 patients, including 10,186 without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, who were followed for a median of 4.2 years. In the primary safety outcome analysis, dapagliflozin met the prespecified criterion for noninferiority to placebo with respect to MACE (upper boundary of the 95% confidence interval [CI], <1.3; P<0.001 for noninferiority). In the two primary efficacy analyses, dapagliflozin did not result in a lower rate of MACE (8.8% in the dapagliflozin group and 9.4% in the placebo group; hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.03; P=0.17) but did result in a lower rate of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (4.9% vs. 5.8%; hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95; P=0.005), which reflected a lower rate of hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.88); there was no between-group difference in cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.17). A renal event occurred in 4.3% in the dapagliflozin group and in 5.6% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.87), and death from any cause occurred in 6.2% and 6.6%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.04). Diabetic ketoacidosis was more common with dapagliflozin than with placebo (0.3% vs. 0.1%, P=0.02), as was the rate of genital infections that led to discontinuation of the regimen or that were considered to be serious adverse events (0.9% vs. 0.1%, P<0.001).In patients with type 2 diabetes who had or were at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, treatment with dapagliflozin did not result in a higher or lower rate of MACE than placebo but did result in a lower rate of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, a finding that reflects a lower rate of hospitalization for heart failure. (Funded by AstraZeneca; DECLARE-TIMI 58 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01730534 .).
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Roland, P, et al.
(författare)
-
A database generator for human brain imaging
- 2001
-
Ingår i: TINS - Trends in Neurosciences. - 0166-2236 .- 1878-108X. ; 24:10, s. 562-564
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sharing scientific data containing complex information requires new concepts and new technology. NEUROGENERATOR is a database generator for the neuroimaging community. A database generator is a database that generates new databases. The scientists submit raw PET and fMRI data to NEUROGENERATOR, which then processes the data in a uniform way to create databases of homogenous data suitable for data sharing, met-analysis and modelling the human brain at the systems level. These databases are then distributed to the scientists.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Almén, Markus Sällman, et al.
(författare)
-
The obesity gene, TMEM18, is of ancient origin, found in majority of neuronal cells in all major brain regions and associated with obesity in severely obese children
- 2010
-
Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 11, s. 58-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: TMEM18 is a hypothalamic gene that has recently been linked to obesity and BMI in genome wide association studies. However, the functional properties of TMEM18 are obscure. METHODS: The evolutionary history of TMEM18 was inferred using phylogenetic and bioinformatic methods. The gene's expression profile was investigated with real-time PCR in a panel of rat and mouse tissues and with immunohistochemistry in the mouse brain. Also, gene expression changes were analyzed in three feeding-related mouse models: food deprivation, reward and diet-induced increase in body weight. Finally, we genotyped 502 severely obese and 527 healthy Swedish children for two SNPs near TMEM18 (rs6548238 and rs756131). RESULTS: TMEM18 was found to be remarkably conserved and present in species that diverged from the human lineage over 1500 million years ago. The TMEM18 gene was widely expressed and detected in the majority of cells in all major brain regions, but was more abundant in neurons than other cell types. We found no significant changes in the hypothalamic and brainstem expression in the feeding-related mouse models. There was a strong association for two SNPs (rs6548238 and rs756131) of the TMEM18 locus with an increased risk for obesity (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: We conclude that TMEM18 is involved in both adult and childhood obesity. It is one of the most conserved human obesity genes and it is found in the majority of all brain sites, including the hypothalamus and the brain stem, but it is not regulated in these regions in classical energy homeostatic models.
|
|
| 20. |
- Brown, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Meeting the Magnetic Emc Challenges for the In-Situ Field Measurements on the Juice Mission
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of 2019 ESA Workshop on Aerospace EMC (Aerospace EMC). - : IEEE. - 9789082684780
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The JUICE (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer) mission features instrument designs tailored to meet the specific challenges of the respective measuring environment, including EMC constraints. We describe the magnetic field science requirements for this mission and show how they drive the EMC requirements on the spacecraft and selected in-situ instrument configurations. We describe the results of two mutual interference campaigns and discuss the design mitigations employed in order to realise in-situ magnetic and electric field data in-flight with the accuracy required to meet very challenging mission science goals.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Dannetun, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
New Results on Metal-Polymer Interfaces
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1542-1406 .- 1563-5287. ; 228:1, s. 43-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New results on studies of the early stages of formation of the aluminum-poly(p-phenylenevinylene) interface are presented.
|
|
| 23. |
- Drgonova, Jana, et al.
(författare)
-
Involvement of the Neutral Amino Acid Transporter SLC6A15 and Leucine in Obesity-Related Phenotypes
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:9, s. e68245-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brain pathways, including those in hypothalamus and nucleus of the solitary tract, influence food intake, nutrient preferences, metabolism and development of obesity in ways that often differ between males and females. Branched chain amino acids, including leucine, can suppress food intake, alter metabolism and change vulnerability to obesity. The SLC6A15 (v7-3) gene encodes a sodium-dependent transporter of leucine and other branched chain amino acids that is expressed by neurons in hypothalamus and nucleus of the solitary tract. We now report that SLC6A15 knockout attenuates leucine's abilities to reduce both: a) intake of normal chow and b) weight gain produced by access to a high fat diet in gender-selective fashions. We identify SNPs in the human SLC6A15 that are associated with body mass index and insulin resistance in males. These observations in mice and humans support a novel, gender-selective role for brain amino acid compartmentalization mediated by SLC6A15 in diet and obesity-associated phenotypes.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- El-Mahallawy, N., et al.
(författare)
-
On the reaction between aluminum, K2TiF6 and KBF4
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 292:1-2, s. 221-229
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reaction between molten Al and KBF4 and K2TiF6 was analyzed. Additions of the two salts separately, consecutively and simultaneously were made at 800 and 1000 °C. The phases formed were identified and their morphology investigated. When adding K2TiF6 emulsification of the salt occurs. Residual salt containing K, Ti, Al and O was found in addition to slag containing K, Al and O. In an emulsified region, a new globular morphology of Al3Ti-type was found. No evidence of emulsification of KBF4 was found. This implies that the two salts react individually with Al. A new morphology of AlB2, in the form of thin plates, formed presumably at the salt/aluminum interface, was also found.
|
|
| 27. |
- Eriksson, P, et al.
(författare)
-
Neonatal exposure to DDT and its fatty acid conjugate: effects on cholinergic and behavioural variables in the adult mouse
- 1990
-
Ingår i: NeuroToxicology. - 1872-9711. ; 11:2, s. 345-354
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have recently observed that DDT and a DDT metabolite, DDOH, conjugated to a fatty acid, palmitic acid, DDOH-PA, affects muscarinic cholinergic receptors (MAChR) in the neonatal mouse brain when given to suckling mice during rapid brain growth. This early exposure of the neonatal mouse also affects the behaviour of the animals as adults. When DDT and DDOH-PA was given as a single low oral dose of 1.4 mumol/kg body weight, DDT (0.5 mg), DDOH-PA (0.7 mg) and a 20% fat emulsion vehicle (10 ml) per kg body weight to 10-day-old NMRI mice, behavioural tests at adult age of four months, indicated disruption of a simple, non-associative learning process, i.e. habituation, in both DDT and DDOH-PA treated mice. There was also a significant increase in the potassium evoked release of ACh from slices of cerebral cortex and a tendency towards a decrease in the density of MAChR in mice receiving DDT. These effects in the adult mice could not be correlated to the concentration of DDT in the adult brain since DDT one month after its administration to the 10-day-old mouse no longer is present in the brain.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Formenti, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Solidification sequence and carbide precipitation in Ni-base superalloys IN718, IN625 AND IN939
- 2005
-
Ingår i: High Temperature Materials and Processes. - 0334-6455 .- 2191-0324. ; 24:4, s. 239-258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Directional Solidification and Quenching (DSQ) were used to evaluate the solidification and precipitation sequence for the Ni-base superalloys IN718, IN625 and IN939. They all showed a similar precipitation sequence, with an initial precipitation of gamma dendrites, followed by an intermediate non-invariant divorced eutectic reaction of type L -> gamma + MC, and a final eutectic precipitation of Laves phase for alloy IN718 and IN625 and of eta-phase for alloy IN939. The reaction temperatures and the amounts of carbides and of final precipitates were evaluated. Precipitated nitrides were found to act as nucleation sites for the precipitation of blocky carbides/carbonitrides, at low interdendritic supersaturation, while in interdendritic regions with high supersaturation, a 'script-like' carbide formation was found instead.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Goncalves, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Thrombolytic tPA-induced hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke is mediated by PKCβ phosphorylation of occludin
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 140:4, s. 388-400
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current standard of care for moderate to severe ischemic stroke is thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Treatment with tPA can significantly improve neurological outcomes; however, thrombolytic therapy is associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The risk of hemorrhage significantly limits the use of thrombolytic therapy and identifying pathways induced by tPA that increase this risk could provide new therapeutic options to extend thrombolytic therapy to a wider patient population. Here, we investigate the role of protein kinase (PK)Cβ phosphorylation of the tight junction protein occludin during ischemic stroke and its role in cerebrovascular permeability. We demonstrate that activation of this pathway by tPA is associated with an increased risk of ICH. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) increased occludin serine 490 (S490) phosphorylation in the ischemic penumbra in a tPA-dependent manner, as tPA-/- mice were significantly protected from MCAO-induced occludin phosphorylation. Intra-ventricular injection of tPA in the absence of ischemia was sufficient to induce occludin phosphorylation and vascular permeability in a PKCb-dependent manner. Blocking occludin phosphorylation either by targeted expression of a non-phosphorylatable form of occludin (S490A) or by pharmacologic inhibition of PKCβ, reduced MCAO-induced permeability and improved functional outcome. Further, inhibiting PKCβ after MCAO prevented ICH associated with delayed thrombolysis. These results reveal that PKCβ phosphorylation of occludin is a downstream mediator of tPA-induced cerebrovascular permeability and suggest that PKCb inhibitors could improve stroke outcome and prevent ICH associated with delayed thrombolysis, potentially extending the window for thrombolytic therapy in stroke.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Hamann, Joerg, et al.
(författare)
-
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIV. Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Pharmacological Reviews. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0031-6997 .- 1521-0081. ; 67:2, s. 338-367
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Adhesion family forms a large branch of the pharmacologically important superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). As Adhesion GPCRs increasingly receive attention from a wide spectrum of biomedical fields, the Adhesion GPCR Consortium, together with the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification, proposes a unified nomenclature for Adhesion GPCRs. The new names have ADGR as common dominator followed by a letter and a number to denote each subfamily and subtype, respectively. The new names, with old and alternative names within parentheses, are: ADGRA1 (GPR123), ADGRA2 (GPR124), ADGRA3 (GPR125), ADGRB1 (BAI1), ADGRB2 (BAI2), ADGRB3 (BAI3), ADGRC1 (CELSR1), ADGRC2 (CELSR2), ADGRC3 (CELSR3), ADGRD1 (GPR133), ADGRD2 (GPR144), ADGRE1 (EMR1, F4/80), ADGRE2 (EMR2), ADGRE3 (EMR3), ADGRE4 (EMR4), ADGRE5 (CD97), ADGRF1 (GPR110), ADGRF2 (GPR111), ADGRF3 (GPR113), ADGRF4 (GPR115), ADGRF5 (GPR116, Ig-Hepta), ADGRG1 (GPR56), ADGRG2 (GPR64, HE6), ADGRG3 (GPR97), ADGRG4 (GPR112), ADGRG5 (GPR114), ADGRG6 (GPR126), ADGRG7 (GPR128), ADGRL1 (latrophilin-1, CIRL-1, CL1), ADGRL2 (latrophilin-2, CIRL-2, CL2), ADGRL3 (latrophilin-3, CIRL-3, CL3), ADGRL4 (ELTD1, ETL), and ADGRV1 (VLGR1, GPR98). This review covers all major biologic aspects of Adhesion GPCRs, including evolutionary origins, interaction partners, signaling, expression, physiologic functions, and therapeutic potential.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Hägglund, Maria G. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Identification of SLC38A7 (SNAT7) Protein as a Glutamine Transporter Expressed in Neurons
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 286:23, s. 20500-20511
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The SLC38 family of transporters has in total 11 members in humans and they encode amino acid transporters called sodium-coupled amino acid transporters (SNAT). To date, five SNATs have been characterized and functionally subdivided into systems A (SLC38A1, SLC38A2, and SLC38A4) and N (SLC38A3 and SLC38A5) showing the highest transport for glutamine and alanine. Here we present identification of a novel glutamine transporter encoded by the Slc38a7 gene, which we propose should be named SNAT7. This transporter has L-glutamine as the preferred substrate but also transports other amino acids with polar side chains, as well as L-histidine and L-alanine. The expression pattern and substrate profile for SLC38A7 shows highest similarity to the known system N transporters. Therefore, we propose that SLC38A7 is a novel member of this system. We used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry with a custom-made antibody to show that SLC38A7 is expressed in all neurons, but not in astrocytes, in the mouse brain. SLC38A7 is unique in being the first system N transporter expressed in GABAergic and also other neurons. The preferred substrate and axonal localization of SLC38A7 close to the synaptic cleft indicates that SLC38A7 could have an important function for the reuptake and recycling of glutamate.
|
|
| 46. |
- Jacobsson, Josefin A., et al.
(författare)
-
Detailed Analysis of Variants in FTO in Association with Body Composition in a Cohort of 70-Year-Olds Suggests a Weakened Effect among Elderly
- 2011
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:5, s. e20158-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The rs9939609 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the fat mass and obesity (FTO) gene has previously been associated with higher BMI levels in children and young adults. In contrast, this association was not found in elderly men. BMI is a measure of overweight in relation to the individuals' height, but offers no insight into the regional body fat composition or distribution. Objective: To examine whether the FTO gene is associated with overweight and body composition-related phenotypes rather than BMI, we measured waist circumference, total fat mass, trunk fat mass, leg fat mass, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and daily energy intake in 985 humans (493 women) at the age of 70 years. In total, 733 SNPs located in the FTO gene were genotyped in order to examine whether rs9939609 alone or the other SNPs, or their combinations, are linked to obesity-related measures in elderly humans. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. Results: Neither a single SNP, such as rs9939609, nor a SNP combination was significantly linked to overweight, body composition-related measures, or daily energy intake in elderly humans. Of note, these observations hold both among men and women. Conclusions: Due to the diversity of measurements included in the study, our findings strengthen the view that the effect of FTO on body composition appears to be less profound in later life compared to younger ages and that this is seemingly independent of gender.
|
|
| 47. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Ryder Glacier in northwest Greenland is shielded from warm Atlantic water by a bathymetric sill
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-4435. ; 1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The processes controlling advance and retreat of outlet glaciers in fjords draining the Greenland Ice Sheet remain poorly known, undermining assessments of their dynamics and associated sea-level rise in a warming climate. Mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet has increased six-fold over the last four decades, with discharge and melt from outlet glaciers comprising key components of this loss. Here we acquired oceanographic data and multibeam bathymetry in the previously uncharted Sherard Osborn Fjord in northwest Greenland where Ryder Glacier drains into the Arctic Ocean. Our data show that warmer subsurface water of Atlantic origin enters the fjord, but Ryder Glacier’s floating tongue at its present location is partly protected from the inflow by a bathymetric sill located in the innermost fjord. This reduces under-ice melting of the glacier, providing insight into Ryder Glacier’s dynamics and its vulnerability to inflow of Atlantic warmer water.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
