| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Violent behavior, impulsive decision-making, and anterograde amnesia while intoxicated with Flunitrazepam and alcohol or other drugs : A case study in forensic psychiatric patients
- 2002
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Ingår i: The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. - Bloomfield, CT, USA. - 1093-6793 .- 1943-3662. ; 30:2, s. 238-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is known that many male juvenile delinquents commit violent crimes while intoxicated with flunitrazepam (FZ), often in combination with alcohol or other drugs. We have also noted the combined abuse of FZ with, for example, alcohol in male forensic psychiatric patients. Our objective was to study violent behavior, impulsive decision making, and amnesia in male forensic psychiatric patients who were intoxicated predominantly with FZ, to increase knowledge of the abuse of FZ in vulnerable subjects. We studied five forensic psychiatric patients, all of whom were assessed in 1998. All of the subjects reported earlier reactions to FZ, including hostility and anterograde amnesia. At the time of their crimes they were all intoxicated with FZ, often in combination with alcohol or other drugs, such as amphetamine or cannabis. In contrast to their behavior based on their ordinary psychological characteristics, their crimes were extremely violent, and the subjects lacked both the ability to think clearly and to have empathy with their victims. Our observations support the view that FZ abuse can lead to serious violent behavior in subjects characterized by vulnerable personality traits, and that this effect is confounded by the concurrent use of alcohol or other drugs. It is evident that FZ causes anterograde amnesia. Previous research and the results presented herein allow us to draw the following conclusion: on the basis of the neuropsychopharmacologic properties of FZ, legal decisions, such as declaring FZ an illegal drug, are needed in countries where it is now legal.
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| 3. |
- Jacobsson, Josefin A., et al.
(författare)
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Detailed Analysis of Variants in FTO in Association with Body Composition in a Cohort of 70-Year-Olds Suggests a Weakened Effect among Elderly
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:5, s. e20158-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The rs9939609 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the fat mass and obesity (FTO) gene has previously been associated with higher BMI levels in children and young adults. In contrast, this association was not found in elderly men. BMI is a measure of overweight in relation to the individuals' height, but offers no insight into the regional body fat composition or distribution. Objective: To examine whether the FTO gene is associated with overweight and body composition-related phenotypes rather than BMI, we measured waist circumference, total fat mass, trunk fat mass, leg fat mass, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and daily energy intake in 985 humans (493 women) at the age of 70 years. In total, 733 SNPs located in the FTO gene were genotyped in order to examine whether rs9939609 alone or the other SNPs, or their combinations, are linked to obesity-related measures in elderly humans. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. Results: Neither a single SNP, such as rs9939609, nor a SNP combination was significantly linked to overweight, body composition-related measures, or daily energy intake in elderly humans. Of note, these observations hold both among men and women. Conclusions: Due to the diversity of measurements included in the study, our findings strengthen the view that the effect of FTO on body composition appears to be less profound in later life compared to younger ages and that this is seemingly independent of gender.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A 9-band WCDMA/EDGE transceiver supporting HSPA evolution
- 2011
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 0193-6530. ; , s. 366-368
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The future of cellular radio ICs lies in the integration of an ever-increasing number of bands and channel bandwidths. This paper presents a transceiver together with the associated discrete front-end components. The transceiver supports 4 EDGE bands and 9 WCDMA bands (l-VI and Vlll-X), while the radio can be configured to simultaneously support the 4 EDGE bands and up to 5 WCDMA bands: 3 high bands (HB) and 2 low bands (LB). The RX is a SAW-less homodyne composed of a main RX and a diversity RX. To reduce package complexity with so many bands, we chose to minimize the number of ports by using single-ended RF interfaces for both RX and TX. This saves seve ral package pins, but requires careful attention to grounding. The main RX has 8 LNA ports and the diversity RX has 5, with some LNAs supporting multiple bands. On the TX side, 2 ports are used for all EDGE bands and 4 for the WCDMA bands.
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| 5. |
- Roland, P, et al.
(författare)
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A database generator for human brain imaging
- 2001
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Ingår i: TINS - Trends in Neurosciences. - 0166-2236 .- 1878-108X. ; 24:10, s. 562-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sharing scientific data containing complex information requires new concepts and new technology. NEUROGENERATOR is a database generator for the neuroimaging community. A database generator is a database that generates new databases. The scientists submit raw PET and fMRI data to NEUROGENERATOR, which then processes the data in a uniform way to create databases of homogenous data suitable for data sharing, met-analysis and modelling the human brain at the systems level. These databases are then distributed to the scientists.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Almqvist, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging human erythrocyte spectrin with atomic force microscopy
- 1994
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Ingår i: Micron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-4328 .- 1878-4291. ; 25:3, s. 227-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isolated spectrin covalently attached to a surface in a liquid environment as well as dried on mica has been studied with a contact-mode atomic force microscope. Both pyramidal and conical-type cantilever tip facets were used in the AFM. Our images show structures and give dimensions that correlate well with previous structural studies using transmission electron microscopy.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Anistratov, Pavel, 1990-
(författare)
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Computation of Autonomous Safety Maneuvers Using Segmentation and Optimization
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies motion planning for future autonomous vehicles with main focus on passenger cars. By having automatic steering and braking together with information about the environment, such as other participants in the traffic or obstacles, it would be possible to perform autonomous maneuvers while taking limitations of the vehicle and road–tire interaction into account. Motion planning is performed to find such maneuvers that bring the vehicle from the current state to a desired future state, here by formulating the motion-planning problem as an optimal control problem. There are a number of challenges for such an approach to motion planning; some of them are how to formulate the criterion in the motion planning (objective function in the corresponding optimal control problem), and how to make the solution of motion-planning problems efficient to be useful in online applications. These challenges are addressed in this thesis.As a criterion for motion-planning problems of passenger vehicles on doublelane roads, it is investigated to use a lane-deviation penalty function to capture the observation that it is dangerous to drive in the opposing lane, but safe to drive in the original lane after the obstacle. The penalty function is augmented with certain additional terms to address also the recovery behavior of the vehicle. The resulting formulation is shown to provide efficient and steady maneuvers and gives a lower time in the opposing lane compared to other objective functions. Under varying parameters of the scenario formulation, the resulting maneuvers are changing in a way that exhibits structured characteristics.As an approach to improve efficiency of computations for the motion-planning problem, it is investigated to segment motion planning of the full maneuver into several smaller maneuvers. A way to extract segments is considered from a vehicle dynamics point of view, and it is based on extrema of the vehicle orientation and the yaw rate. The segmentation points determined using this approach are observed to allow efficient splitting of the optimal control problem for the full maneuver into subproblems.Having a method to segment maneuvers, this thesis further studies methods to allow parallel computation of these maneuvers. One investigated method is based on Lagrange relaxation and duality decomposition. Smaller subproblems are formulated, which are governed by solving a low-complexity coordination problem. Lagrangian relaxation is performed on a subset of the dynamic constraints at the segmentation points, while the remaining variables are predicted. The prediction is possible because of the observed structured characteristics resulting from the used lane-deviation penalty function. An alternative approach is based on adoption of the alternating augmented Lagrangian method. Augmentation of the Lagrangian allows to apply relaxation for all dynamic constraints at the segmentation points, and the alternating approach makes it possible to decompose the full problem into subproblems and coordinating their solutions by analytically solving an overall coordination problem. The presented decomposition methods allow computation of maneuvers with high correspondence and lower computational times compared to the results obtained for solving the full maneuver in one step.
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| 11. |
- Antonsson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Liquid Ni-Fe penetration and recrystallisation in tungsten
- 2003
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Ingår i: International journal of refractory metals & hard materials. - 0263-4368. ; 21:3-4, s. 159-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melt penetration in grain boundaries of solid tungsten has been investigated. Solid tungsten rods have been exposed to a nickel-iron melt saturated with tungsten and the penetration depth and the shape of the liquid channels have been examined. The solid tungsten samples have been treated in different ways like cold working, annealing and recrystallisation, before melt exposure. Important parameters for the penetration process are stresses, surface tensions, solution and kinetic effects. A new theoretical model for the penetration mechanism in cold worked samples is proposed. Rapid recovery of the grains in the penetrated areas of the cold worked samples was observed. This is discussed, as well.
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| 12. |
- Arnberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Solvent refining of silicon for solar cells –some practical aspects
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solvent refinement has been suggested as an energy- and cost-efficient process to produce high purity silicon for photovoltaic solar cells. In this process, metallurgical grade silicon is dissolved in a liquid metal e.g. Al at high temperature. High purity silicon crystals can then be precipitated by decreasing the temperature and extracted from the melt. Residual aluminium is then removed by leaching, and after remelting and directional solidification, the purified silicon can be used as silicon for solar cells. Metallurgical grade silicon (99 wt%Si) with iron as the main impurity has been dissolved to 40 wt% in liquid aluminium at 1000 °C. Silicon crystals have been extracted slightly above the eutectic temperature. The crystals have then been leached in 10% hydrochloric acid at room temperature. Silicon crystal have been sorted into three size fraction which have been melted separately and thereafter analyzed by light optical- and electron microscopy with EDS analysis. After leaching, extracted material has been remelted together with silicon oxide in order to oxidize residual aluminium. The extracted material contains significant amounts of residual Al-Si eutectic. The aluminium has not been removed completely by the leaching and insoluble metal rich intermetallic compounds have been found in the smallest size fraction. The residual aluminium can be further reduced by oxidation by silicon oxide and sedimentation of the aluminium oxide.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bastviken, David, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the piston velocity for water-air interfaces using flux chambers, acoustic Doppler velocimetry, and IR imaging of the water surface
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202 .- 2169-8953. ; 118:2, s. 770-782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transport of gasses dissolved in surface waters across the water-atmosphere interface is controlled by the piston velocity (k). This coefficient has large implications for, e.g., greenhouse gas fluxes but is challenging to quantify in situ. At present, empirical k-wind speed relationships from a small number of studies and systems are often extrapolated without knowledge of model performance. This study compares empirical k estimates from flux chamber and surface water gas concentration measurements (chamber method), eddy cell modeling and dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy (dissipation method), and a surface divergence method based on IR imaging, at a fetch limited coastal observation station. We highlight strengths and weaknesses of the methods, and relate measured k values to parameters such as wave height, and surface skin velocities. The chamber and dissipation methods yielded k values in the same order of magnitude over a 24h period with varying wind conditions (up to 10ms−1, closest weather station) and wave heights (0.01–0.30m). The surface divergence method most likely did not resolve the small turbulent eddies that cause the main divergence. Flux chamber estimates showed the largest temporal variability, with lower k values than the dissipation method during calm conditions, where the dissipation method failed as waves and instrument noise dominated over the turbulence signal. There was a strong correspondence between k from chambers, the RMS of surface velocities from IR imaging, and wave height. We propose a method to estimate area integrated values of k from wave measurements.
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| 15. |
- Benedict, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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The fat mass and obesity gene is linked to reduced verbal fluency in overweight and obese elderly men
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 32:6, s. 1159.e1-1159.e5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans carrying the prevalent rs9939609 A allele of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene are more susceptible to developing obesity than noncarries. Recently, polymorphisms in the FTO gene of elderly subjects have also been linked to a reduced volume in the frontal lobe as well as increased risk for incident Alzheimer disease. However, so far there is no evidence directly linking the FTO gene to functional cognitive processes. Here we examined whether the FTO rs9939609 A allele is associated with verbal fluency performance in 355 elderly men at the age of 82 years who have no clinically apparent cognitive impairment. Retrieval of verbal memory is a good surrogate measure reflecting frontal lobe functioning. Here we found that obese and overweight but not normal weight FTO A allele carriers showed a lower performance on verbal fluency than non-carriers (homozygous for rs9939609 T allele). This effect was not observed for a measure of general cognitive performance (i.e., Mini-Mental State Examination score), thereby indicating that the FTO gene primarily affects frontal lobe-dependent cognitive processes in elderly men.
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| 16. |
- Bergström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Backward production on nuclei and the tube model
- 1980
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. Particles and fields. - 0556-2821 .- 1089-4918. ; 21:1, s. 305-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is shown that the recent data from Burke et al. on backward production in 200-GeV/c nA collisions are in good agreement with expectations from the collective tube model with tube fragmentation taken into account.
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| 17. |
- Bergström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Estimates of recoil nucleon spectra in high-energy hadron-nucleus collisions
- 1977
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 68:2, s. 177-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is shown that recent data on the recoil nucleon spectrum in 10.5 GeV/c pion-neon collisions are in excellent agreement with a parameter free estimate from the so called tube model for high-energy hadron-nucleus collisions. A simple independent collision model is also treated.
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| 18. |
- Bergström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Is the recently published counterproof of the tube model credible?
- 1978
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 78:2-3, s. 337-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is shown that recent data from pion and proton collision with emulsion nuclei at 200 GeV/c are in perfect agreement with expectations from the collective tube model. The opposite conclusion in publications by Azimov et al. came about because the authors ignored the important effects of target fragmentation.
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| 19. |
- Bergström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The deuteron in high-energy physics
- 1980
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Ingår i: Reviews of Modern Physics. - 0034-6861 .- 1539-0756. ; 52:4, s. 675-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deuterium nucleus plays an important role in several branches of high-energy physics. We review its present status as a neutron source, a relativistic bound state, a collective six-quark state and a double scatterer.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Birgner, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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VGLUT2 in dopamine neurons is required for psychostimulant-induced behavioural activation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 107:1, s. 389-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The “One neuron-one neurotransmitter” concept has been challenged frequently during the last three decades, and the coexistence of neurotransmitters in individual neurons is now regarded as a common phenomenon. The functional significance of neurotransmitter coexistence is, however, less well understood. Several studies have shown that a subpopulation of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) expresses the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) and has been suggested to use glutamate as a cotransmitter. The VTA dopamine neurons project to limbic structures including the nucleus accumbens, and are involved in mediating the motivational and locomotor activating effects of psychostimulants. To determine the functional role of glutamate cotransmission by these neurons, we deleted VGLUT2 in DA neurons by using a conditional gene-targeting approach in mice. A DAT-Cre/Vglut2Lox mouse line (Vglut2f/f;DAT-Cre mice) was produced and analyzed by in vivo amperometry as well as by several behavioral paradigms. Although basal motor function was normal in the Vglut2f/f;DAT-Cre mice, their risk-taking behavior was altered. Interestingly, in both home-cage and novel environments, the gene targeted mice showed a greatly blunted locomotor response to the psychostimulant amphetamine, which acts via the midbrain DA system. Our results show that VGLUT2 expression in DA neurons is required for normal emotional reactivity as well as for psychostimulant-mediated behavioral activation.
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| 23. |
- Björnsson, Einar, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term follow-up of patients with alcoholic liver disease after liver transplantation in Sweden: impact of structured management on recidivism
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - 0036-5521. ; 40:2, s. 206-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: No systematic evaluation has been performed previously in the Scandinavian countries on patients transplanted for alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Data are limited on the impact of structured management of the alcohol problem on the risk of recidivism following transplantation in ALD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 103 ALD patients were compared with a control group of patients with non-alcoholic liver disease (NALD). The recidivism rates for ALD patients transplanted between 1988 and 1997 as well as after 1998 (institution of structured management) were compared. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 31 (6-60) months in the ALD group and 37 (12-63) months in the control group (NS). The overall survival rates at 1- and 5 years were, respectively, 81% and 69% for the ALD group and 87% and 83% for the non-alcoholic group. The proportion of patients with Child-Pugh C (75%) was higher in ALD patients than in NALD patients (44%) (p<0.01). Thirty-two (33%) ALD patients resumed taking some alcohol after transplantation; 17 patients (18%) were heavy drinkers. A multivariate analysis showed that: sex, age, marital and employment status, benzodiazepine use and a history of illicit drug abuse did not predict the risk of alcohol relapse post-Tx. Nineteen out of 40 (48%) patients transplanted before the start of structured management had resumed alcohol but 13 (22%) out of 58 after this intervention (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: ALD is a good indication for liver transplantation, with similar results in the ALD patients. Structured management of the alcohol problem before and after transplantation is important in minimizing the risk of recidivism.
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| 24. |
- Bondemark, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Separation Effect and Perception of Pain and Discomfort from two Types of Orthodontic Separators.
- 2004
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Ingår i: World Journal of Orthodontics. - 1530-5678 .- 1941-6741. ; 5:2, s. 172-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AIM: To examine two types of orthodontic separators, focusing on the separating effect and patients' perception of pain and discomfort. METHODS: The separators tested were spring-type and elastomeric separators. Thirty teenagers participated, and all were scheduled for treatment with a fixed orthodontic appliance. Two spring-type and two elastomeric separators were placed alternately in the left or the right quadrant. After a separation period of 5 days, the amount of separation was measured with a leaf gauge. Nine questionnaires with visual analogue scales and questions with fixed answers were used to register the patient perceptions. RESULTS: The mean separation was 0.3 mm for the spring-type and 0.4 mm for the elastomeric separators (P < .05). The springs were considered less painful than the elastomerics, but the difference was not statistically significant. For both separators, the pain was worst at day 2 and subsided almost completely by day 5. Due to pain, 14 of the 30 patients changed their food habits, and 13 took analgesics. CONCLUSIONS: The separation effect of the two separators was considered clinically equivalent and since pain of moderate intensity occurs during the separation period, analgesics and soft food can be recommended.
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| 25. |
- Borgen, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Application of adaptive non-linear 2D and 3D postprocessing filters for reduced dose abdominal CT
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : Informa Healthcare / Wiley-Blackwell / Royal Society of Medicine Press. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 53:3, s. 335-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Abdominal computed tomography (an is a frequently performed imaging procedure, resulting in considerable radiation doses to the patient population. Postprocessing filters are one of several dose reduction measures that might help to reduce radiation doses without loss of image quality. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanPurpose: To assess and compare the effect of two- and three-dimensional (2D, 3D) non-linear adaptive filters on reduced dose abdominal CT images. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMaterial and Methods: Two baseline abdominal CT image series with a volume computer tomography dose index (CTDI (vol)) of 12 mGy and 6 mGy were acquired for 12 patients. Reduced dose images were postprocessed with 2D and 3D filters. Six radiologists performed blinded randomized, side-by-side image quality assessments. Objective noise was measured. Data were analyzed using visual grading regression and mixed linear models. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: All image quality criteria were rated as superior for 3D filtered images compared to reduced dose baseline and 2D filtered images (P andlt; 0.01). Standard dose images had better image quality than reduced dose 3D filtered images (P andlt; 0.01), but similar image noise. For patients with body mass index (BMI) andlt; 30 kg/m(2) however, 3D filtered images were rated significantly better than normal dose images for two image criteria (P andlt; 0.05), while no significant difference was found for the remaining three image criteria (P andgt; 0.05). There were no significant variations of objective noise between standard dose and 2D or 3D filtered images. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: The quality of 3D filtered reduced dose abdominal CT images is superior compared to reduced dose unfiltered and 2D filtered images. For patients with BMI andlt; 30 kg/m(2), 3D filtered images are comparable to standard dose images.
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| 26. |
- Brooks, Samantha J, et al.
(författare)
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BDNF polymorphisms are linked to poorer working memory performance, reduced cerebellar and hippocampal volumes and differences in prefrontal cortex in a Swedish elderly population
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:1, s. e82707-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) links learning, memory and cognitive decline in elderly, but evidence linking BDNF allele variation, cognition and brain structural differences is lacking.METHODS: 367 elderly Swedish men (n = 181) and women (n = 186) from Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala seniors (PIVUS) were genotyped and the BDNF functional rs6265 SNP was further examined in subjects who completed the Trail Making Task (TMT), verbal fluency task, and had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) examined brain structure, cognition and links with BDNF.RESULTS: The functional BDNF SNP (rs6265,) predicted better working memory performance on the TMT with positive association of the Met rs6265, and was linked with greater cerebellar, precuneus, left superior frontal gyrus and bilateral hippocampal volume, and reduced brainstem and bilateral posterior cingulate volumes.CONCLUSIONS: The functional BDNF polymorphism influences brain volume in regions associated with memory and regulation of sensorimotor control, with the Met rs6265 allele potentially being more beneficial to these functions in the elderly.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Bøg, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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12-step programs for reducing illicit drug use
- 2017
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Ingår i: Campbell Systematic Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1891-1803. ; 13:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Campbell systematic review examines the effectiveness of 12-step programs in reducing the use of illicit drugs. The review summarises findings from 10 studies, nine of which were conducted in the US.
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| 29. |
- Carlsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Normal and anomalous diffusion
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brownian motion is perhaps best described as the never-ceasing phenomenon responsible forself-diffusion occurring although there is no temperature or concentration gradients. Thedistribution of the steps P(r) is vital in order to see the underlying mechanism of diffusion.Normal diffusion is characterised by having Gaussian distributions of the step lengths.Diffusion can be classified as either normal or anomalous depending on how the mean squaredisplacement is related to time:If a = 1, diffusion is classified as normal diffusion. With a > 1 , there is superdiffusion. Whena < 1 , subdiffusion takes place. In order to replace normal diffusion by anomalous diffusion,pathologies must be present. Most anomalous diffusion takes the shape of subdiffusion[1, 2].Video-based fluorescence microscopy is the basis for all experimental work and hassuccessfully been used earlier [3-5]. For each concentration the trajectories of 60 probes weredetermined using the built-in Particle Analysis function in Aquacosmos 2.6. The 6000 datapoints collected were used to extract both the coefficient G and the exponenta .Relatively few studies have been devoted to tell normal diffusion from anomalous diffusion inreal chemical systems. In this study the probe is a fluorescent labeled latex particle, the matrixwas changed in different ways. Unlabelled latex particles, DoTAB (a cationic surfactant),cationic starch of different molecular weight were all used to alter the sample.The conclusion is that it is safe to assume a = 1 in all cases except for very highconcentrations of starch, where diffusion is hindered by the viscous matrix, which gives riseto subdiffusion. Moreover, all distributions are Gaussian except for the highest concentrationsof starch and latex. In these latter cases, distributions appear as truncated normal distributions[6,7].References[1] Klafter J., Blumen A., Zumofen g. Shlesinger M.f., Physica A., 1990, 168, 637-645[2] Ott A., Bouchaud J.P., Langevin D., Urbach W., Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990, 65, 2201-2204[3] Carlsson G., Warszynski P., van Stam J., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2003, 267, 500-508[4] Carlsson G., van Stam J., Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J., 2005, 20, 192-199[5] Carlsson G., Järnström L., van Stam J., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2006, 298, 162-171[6] Fredriksson L., Bsc thesis, Karlstad university, 2010[7] Fredriksson L., Msc thesis, Karlstad university, 2010
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| 30. |
- Caruso, Vanni, et al.
(författare)
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mRNA GPR162 changes are associated with decreased food intake in rat, and its human genetic variants with impairments in glucose homeostasis in two Swedish cohorts
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Gene. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1119 .- 1879-0038. ; 581:2, s. 139-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a class of integral membrane proteins mediating intercellular interactions of fundamental physiological importance for survival including regulation of food intake, blood pressure, and hormonal sensing signaling, among other roles. Homeostatic alterations in the physiological status of GPCRs are often associated with underlying causes of disease, and to date, several orphan GPCRs are still uncharacterized. Findings from our previous study demonstrate that the Rhodopsin family protein GPR162 is widely expressed in GABAergic as well as other neurons within the mouse hippocampus, whereas extensive expression is observed in hypothalamus, amygdala, and ventral tegmental area, regions strictly interconnected and involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and hedonic feeding. In this study, we provide a further anatomical characterization of GPR162 in mouse brain via in situ hybridization as well as detailed mRNA expression in a panel of rat tissues complementing a specie-specific mapping of the receptor. We also provide an attempt to demonstrate a functional implication of GPR162 in food intake-related behavior via antisense knockdown studies. Furthermore, we performed human genetic studies in which for the first time, variants of the GPR162 gene were associated with impairments in glucose homeostasis.
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| 31. |
- Darmanis, Spyros, et al.
(författare)
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Multiplexed solid-phase proximity ligation assays: Highly specific and parallel protein measurements with DNA sequencing readout
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Identification and validation of protein biomarkers is a very important step towards the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of disease, early diagnosis and efficient patient treatment. To carry out this task, methods are needed that would allow us to mine the proteome with sufficient sensitivity and specificity in large sets of samples. We present herein the development of a Multiplexed Proximity Ligation Assay (MultiPLAy), to facilitate efficient protein profiling in a parallel, sensitive and specific manner. We showed that for the simultaneous analysis of 35 proteins MultiPLAy exhibited an improved sensitivity over conventional sandwich assays as well as a smaller susceptibility to background signal increase in the transition from singleplex to multiplex. We used MultiPLAy to identify putative biomarkers in two separate sample cohorts of colorectal cancer (CRC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and with the use a novel multivariate analysis approach were able to identify new, as well as already known diagnostic biomarkers. Furthermore we were able to combine MultiPLAy with the use of next-generation sequencing allowing for the first time digital recording of protein profiles in blood. We demonstrated good reproducibility of MultiPLAy coupled to next-generation sequencing, as well as a satisfactory correlation to standard real-time PCR readout. We conclude that MultiPLAy has great potential as a basis for highly multiplexed protein detection assays that can be utilized for the identification of large numbers of proteins or protein variants. This will allow extensive validation of protein expression patterns in biobanked samples and in prospective studies, and can provide a much-needed platform for efficient validation of diagnostic markers for clinical use.
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| 32. |
- Darmanis, Spyros, et al.
(författare)
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ProteinSeq : high-performance proteomic analyses by proximity ligation and next generation sequencing
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:9, s. e25583-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite intense interest, methods that provide enhanced sensitivity and specificity in parallel measurements of candidate protein biomarkers in numerous samples have been lacking. We present herein a multiplex proximity ligation assay with readout via realtime PCR or DNA sequencing (ProteinSeq). We demonstrate improved sensitivity over conventional sandwich assays for simultaneous analysis of sets of 35 proteins in 5 μl of blood plasma. Importantly, we observe a minimal tendency to increased background with multiplexing, compared to a sandwich assay, suggesting that higher levels of multiplexing are possible. We used ProteinSeq to analyze proteins in plasma samples from cardiovascular disease (CVD) patient cohorts and matched controls. Three proteins, namely P-selectin, Cystatin-B and Kallikrein-6, were identified as putative diagnostic biomarkers for CVD. The latter two have not been previously reported in the literature and their potential roles must be validated in larger patient cohorts. We conclude that ProteinSeq is promising for screening large numbers of proteins and samples while the technology can provide a much-needed platform for validation of diagnostic markers in biobank samples and in clinical use.
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| 33. |
- De Marchi, Tommaso, et al.
(författare)
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Proteogenomics decodes the evolution of human ipsilateral breast cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) is a clinically important event, where an isolated in-breast recurrence is a potentially curable event but associated with an increased risk of distant metastasis and breast cancer death. It remains unclear if IBTRs are associated with molecular changes that can be explored as a resource for precision medicine strategies. Here, we employed proteogenomics to analyze a cohort of 27 primary breast cancers and their matched IBTRs to define proteogenomic determinants of molecular tumor evolution. Our analyses revealed a relationship between hormonal receptors status and proliferation levels resulting in the gain of somatic mutations and copy number. This in turn re-programmed the transcriptome and proteome towards a highly replicating and genomically unstable IBTRs, possibly enhanced by APOBEC3B. In order to investigate the origins of IBTRs, a second analysis that included primaries with no recurrence pinpointed proliferation and immune infiltration as predictive of IBTR. In conclusion, our study shows that breast tumors evolve into different IBTRs depending on hormonal status and proliferation and that immune cell infiltration and Ki-67 are significantly elevated in primary tumors that develop IBTR. These results can serve as a starting point to explore markers to predict IBTR formation and stratify patients for adjuvant therapy.
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| 34. |
- Duffy, Stephen W., et al.
(författare)
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Mammography screening reduces rates of advanced and fatal breast cancers : Results in 549,091 women
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 126:13, s. 2971-2979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is of paramount importance to evaluate the impact of participation in organized mammography service screening independently from changes in breast cancer treatment. This can be done by measuring the incidence of fatal breast cancer, which is based on the date of diagnosis and not on the date of death.Methods: Among 549,091 women, covering approximately 30% of the Swedish screening‐eligible population, the authors calculated the incidence rates of 2473 breast cancers that were fatal within 10 years after diagnosis and the incidence rates of 9737 advanced breast cancers. Data regarding each breast cancer diagnosis and the cause and date of death of each breast cancer case were gathered from national Swedish registries. Tumor characteristics were collected from regional cancer centers. Aggregated data concerning invitation and participation were provided by Sectra Medical Systems AB. Incidence rates were analyzed using Poisson regression.Results: Women who participated in mammography screening had a statistically significant 41% reduction in their risk of dying of breast cancer within 10 years (relative risk, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.68 [P < .001]) and a 25% reduction in the rate of advanced breast cancers (relative risk, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.84 [P < .001]).Conclusions: Substantial reductions in the incidence rate of breast cancers that were fatal within 10 years after diagnosis and in the advanced breast cancer rate were found in this contemporaneous comparison of women participating versus those not participating in screening. These benefits appeared to be independent of recent changes in treatment regimens.
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| 35. |
- Edrén, Johannes, 1983-
(författare)
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Exploring force allocation control of over actuated vehicles
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As the concern for environmental changes and diminishing oil resources grows more and more, the trend of new vehicle concepts now includes full electric or partly electric propulsion systems. The introduction of electric power sources enables more advanced motion control systems due to electrification of the vehicle's actuators, such as individual wheel steering and in wheel hub motors. This can enable a control methodology that uses different chassis control strategies into a system that will be able to fully utilise the vehicle. Due to this, future vehicles can be more optimised with respect to energy consumption, performance and active safety. Force allocation control is a method that distributes the wheel forces to produce the desired response of the vehicle. In order to evaluate if this methodology can be implemented in future series production vehicles, the aim of this work is to explore how force allocation control can be utilised in a real vehicle to improve vehicle dynamics and safety. In order to evaluate different approaches for generic vehicle motion control by optimization, modelling and simulation in combination with real vehicle experiments will be needed to fully understand the more complex system, especially when actuator dynamics and limitations are considered. The use of a scale prototype vehicle represents a compromise between development cost, efficiency and accuracy, as it allows realistic experiments without the cost and complexity of full vehicle test. Moreover since the vehicle is unmanned it allows studies of at-the-limit situations, without the safety risks in full vehicle experiments. A small scale prototype vehicle (Hjulia) has been built and equipped with autonomous corner module functionality that enables individual control of all wheels. A cost effective force allocation control approach has been implemented and evaluated on the prototype vehicle, as well as in vehicle simulation. Results show improvement of stopping distance and vehicle stability of a vehicle during split-m braking. The aspects of vehicle dynamic scaling are also discussed and evaluated, as it is important to know how the control implementation of small scale prototype vehicles compares with full size vehicles. It is shown that there is good comparison between vehicles of different scales, if the vertical gravitational acceleration is adjusted for. In Hjulia, gravity compensation is solved by adding a specific lifting rig. Studies of vehicles considering optimal path tracking and available actuators are also made to evaluate control solutions of evasive manoeuvres at low and high friction surfaces. Results show differences in how the forces are distributed among the wheels, even though the resulting global forces on the vehicle are approximated to be scaled by friction. Also it is shown that actuator limitations are critical in at-the-limit situations, such as an obstacle avoidance manoeuvre. As a consequence these results will provide good insights to what type of control approach to choose to handle a safety critical situation, depending on available actuators. The built prototype vehicle with implemented force allocation control has shown to be a useful tool to investigate the potential of control approaches, and it will be used for future research in exploring the benefits of force allocation control.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Eldh, Ann Catrine, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Depicting the interplay between organisational tiers in the use of a national quality registry to develop quality of care in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: With a pending need to identify potential means to improved quality of care, national quality registries (NQRs) are identified as a promising route. Yet, there is limited evidence with regards to what hinders and facilitates the NQR innovation, what signifies the contexts in which NQRs are applied and drive quality improvement. Supposedly, barriers and facilitators to NQR-driven quality improvement may be found in the healthcare context, in the politico-administrative context, as well as with an NQR itself. In this study, we investigated the potential variation with regards to if and how an NQR was applied by decision-makers and users in regions and clinical settings. The aim was to depict the interplay between the clinical and the politico-administrative tiers in the use of NQRs to develop quality of care, examining an established registry on stroke care as a case study.METHODS: We interviewed 44 individuals representing the clinical and the politico-administrative settings of 4 out of 21 regions strategically chosen for including stroke units representing a variety of outcomes in the NQR on stroke (Riksstroke) and a variety of settings. The transcribed interviews were analysed by applying The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).RESULTS: In two regions, decision-makers and/or administrators had initiated healthcare process projects for stroke, engaging the health professionals in the local stroke units who contributed with, for example, local data from Riksstroke. The Riksstroke data was used for identifying improvement issues, for setting goals, and asserting that the stroke units achieved an equivalent standard of care and a certain level of quality of stroke care. Meanwhile, one region had more recently initiated such a project and the fourth region had no similar collaboration across tiers. Apart from these projects, there was limited joint communication across tiers and none that included all individuals and functions engaged in quality improvement with regards to stroke care.CONCLUSIONS: If NQRs are to provide for quality improvement and learning opportunities, advances must be made in the links between the structures and processes across all organisational tiers, including decision-makers, administrators and health professionals engaged in a particular healthcare process.
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| 38. |
- Eldh, Ann Catrine, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitators and barriers to applying a national quality registry for quality improvement in stroke care
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 14, s. 354-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: National quality registries (NQRs) purportedly facilitate quality improvement, while neither the extent nor the mechanisms of such a relationship are fully known. The aim of this case study is to describe the experiences of local stakeholders to determine those elements that facilitate and hinder clinical quality improvement in relation to participation in a well-known and established NQR on stroke in Sweden. Methods: A strategic sample was drawn of 8 hospitals in 4 county councils, representing a variety of settings and outcomes according to the NQR's criteria. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 25 managers, physicians in charge of the Riks-Stroke, and registered nurses registering local data at the hospitals. Interviews, including aspects of barriers and facilitators within the NQR and the local context, were analysed with content analysis. Results: An NQR can provide vital aspects for facilitating evidence-based practice, for example, local data drawn from national guidelines which can be used for comparisons over time within the organisation or with other hospitals. Major effort is required to ensure that data entries are accurate and valid, and thus the trustworthiness of local data output competes with resources needed for everyday clinical stroke care and quality improvement initiatives. Local stakeholders with knowledge of and interest in both the medical area (in this case stroke) and quality improvement can apply the NQR data to effectively initiate, carry out, and evaluate quality improvement, if supported by managers and co-workers, a common stroke care process and an operational management system that embraces and engages with the NQR data. Conclusion: While quality registries are assumed to support adherence to evidence-based guidelines around the world, this study proposes that a NQR can facilitate improvement of care but neither the registry itself nor the reporting of data initiates quality improvement. Rather, the local and general evidence provided by the NQR must be considered relevant and must be applied in the local context. Further, the quality improvement process needs to be facilitated by stakeholders collaborating within and outside the context, who know how to initiate, perform, and evaluate quality improvement, and who have the resources to do so.
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| 39. |
- Eldh, Ann Catrine, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Factors facilitating a national quality registry to aid clinical quality improvement : findings of a national survey
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 6:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: While national quality registries (NQRs) are suggested to provide opportunities for systematic follow-up and learning opportunities, and thus clinical improvements, features in registries and contexts triggering such processes are not fully known. This study focuses on one of the world's largest stroke registries, the Swedish NQR Riksstroke, investigating what aspects of the registry and healthcare organisations facilitate or hinder the use of registry data in clinical quality improvement.Methods: Following particular qualitative studies, we performed a quantitative survey in an exploratory sequential design. The survey, including 50 items on context, processes and the registry, was sent to managers, physicians and nurses engaged in Riksstroke in all 72 Swedish stroke units. Altogether, 242 individuals were presented with the survey; 163 responded, representing all but two units. Data were analysed descriptively and through multiple linear regression.Results: A majority (88%) considered Riksstroke data to facilitate detection of stroke care improvement needs and acknowledged that their data motivated quality improvements (78%). The use of Riksstroke for quality improvement initiatives was associated (R2=0.76) with ‘Colleagues’ call for local results’ (p=<0.001), ‘Management Request of Registry data’ (p=<0.001), and it was said to be ‘Simple to explain the results to colleagues’ (p=0.02). Using stepwise regression, ‘Colleagues’ call for local results’ was identified as the most influential factor. Yet, while 73% reported that managers request registry data, only 39% reported that their colleagues call for the unit's Riksstroke results.Conclusions: While an NQR like Riksstroke demonstrates improvement needs and motivates stakeholders to make progress, local stroke care staff and managers need to engage to keep the momentum going in terms of applying registry data when planning, performing and evaluating quality initiatives.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Engström, Ingemar, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Relational continuity may give better clinical outcomes in patients with serious mental illness - a systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-244X. ; 23:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundContinuity of care is considered important for results of treatment of serious mental illness (SMI). Yet, evidence of associations between relational continuity and different medical and social outcomes is sparse. Research approaches differ considerably regarding how to best assess continuity as well as which outcome to study. It has hitherto been difficult to evaluate the importance of relational continuity of care. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate treatment outcomes, including effects on resource use and costs associated with receiving higher relational continuity of care for patients with SMI.MethodsEleven databases were searched between January 2000 and February 2021 for studies investigating associations between some measure of relational continuity and health outcomes and costs. All eligible studies were assessed for study relevance and risk of bias by at least two independent reviewers. Only studies with acceptable risk of bias were included. Due to study heterogeneity the synthesis was made narratively, without meta-analysis. The certainty of the summarized result was assessed using GRADE. Study registration number in PROSPERO: CRD42020196518.ResultsWe identified 8 916 unique references and included 17 studies comprising around 300 000 patients in the review. The results were described with regard to seven outcomes. The results indicated that higher relational continuity of care for patients with serious mental illness may prevent premature deaths and suicide, may lower the number of emergency department (ED) visits and may contribute to a better quality of life compared to patients receiving lower levels of relational continuity of care. The certainty of the evidence was assessed as low or very low for all outcomes. The certainty of results for the outcomes hospitalization, costs, symptoms and functioning, and adherence to drug treatment was very low with the result that no reliable conclusions could be drawn in these areas.ConclusionsThe results of this systematic review indicate that having higher relational continuity of care may have beneficial effects for patients with severe mental illness, and no results have indicated the opposite relationship. There is a need for better studies using clear and distinctive measures of exposure for relational continuity of care.
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| 42. |
- Fredholm, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Breast cancer in young women : poor survival despite intensive treatment
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:11, s. e7695-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is uncommon in young women and correlates with a less favourable prognosis; still it is the most frequent cancer in women under 40, accounting for 30-40% of all incident female cancer. The aim of this study was to study prognosis in young women, quantifying how much stage at diagnosis and management on the one hand, and tumour biology on the other; each contribute to the worse prognosis seen in this age group. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a registry based cohort of women aged 20-69 (n = 22 017) with a primary diagnosis of invasive breast cancer (1992-2005), women aged 20-34 (n = 471), 35-39 (n = 858) and 40-49 (n = 4789) were compared with women aged 50-69 years (n = 15 899). The cumulative 5-year relative survival ratio and the relative excess mortality (RER) were calculated. The cumulative 5-year relative survival ratio was lowest in women aged 20-34. The RER was 2.84 for women aged 20-34 and decreased with increasing age (RER 1.76 and 1.17 for women aged 35-39 and 40-49, respectively). The excess risk was, however, present only in disease stages I and II. For women aged 20-34 with stage I disease RER was 4.63, and 6.70 in the subgroup with tumour size 1-10 mm. The absolute difference in stage I between the youngest and the reference groups amounted to nearly 8%, with a 90% 5-year survival in women aged 20-34. In stages IIa and IIb, the relative excess risk was not as dramatic, but the absolute differences approached 15%. The youngest women with small tumours generally received more aggressive treatment than women in older age groups. CONCLUSIONS: After correction for stage, tumour characteristics and treatment, age remained an independent risk factor for breast cancer death in women <35 years of age. The excess risk for young women was only seen in early stages of disease and was most pronounced in women with small tumours. Young women affected by breast cancer have a high risk of dying compared to their middle-aged counterparts even if diagnosed early and receiving an intense treatment.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Fredholm, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Breast cancer in young women and prognosis : How important are proliferation markers?
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 84, s. 278-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim:Compared to middle-aged women, young women with breast cancer have a higher risk of systemic disease. We studied expression of proliferation markers in relation to age and subtype and their association with long-term prognosis.Methods:Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) was studied in 504 women aged <40 years and 383 women aged >= 40 years from a population-based cohort. Information on patient characteristics, treatment and follow-up was collected from medical records. Tissue microarrays were produced for analysis of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor (PR), Her2, Ki-67 and cyclins.Results: Young women with luminal tumours had significantly higher expression of Ki-67 and cyclins. Proliferation markers were prognostic only within this subtype. Ki-67 was a prognostic indicator only in young women with luminal PR+ tumours. The optimal cut-off for Ki-67 varied by age. High expression of cyclin E1 conferred a better DDFS in women aged <40 years with luminal PR- tumours (hazard ratio [HR] 0.47 [0.24-0.92]). Age < 40 years was an independent risk factor of DDFS exclusively in women with luminal B PR+ tumours (HR 2.35 [1.22-4.50]). Young women with luminal B PR- tumours expressing low cyclin E1 had a six-fold risk of distant disease compared with luminal A ( HR 6.21 [2.17-17.6]).Conclusions:The higher expression of proliferation markers in young women does not have a strong impact on prognosis. Ki-67 is only prognostic in the subgroup of young women with luminal PR tumours. The only cyclin adding prognostic value beyond subtype is cyclin E1. Age is an independent prognostic factor only in women with luminal B PR+ tumours.
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| 45. |
- Fredholm, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term outcome in young women with breast cancer : a population-based study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 160:1, s. 131-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether young age at diagnosis of breast cancer is an independent risk factor for death remains controversial, and the question whether young age should be considered in treatment decisions is still to be answered. From a population-based cohort of 22,017 women with breast cancer, all women < 35 years (n = 471) were compared to a random sample of 700 women aged 35-69 years from the same cohort. Information on patient and tumor characteristics, treatment, and follow-up was collected from the medical records. Tissue microarrays were produced for analysis of classical biomarkers. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) by age were compared using women 50-69 years as reference. At 10 years follow-up, women < 35 years and 35-39 years had a worse BCSS [age < 35 years 69 % (HR 2.75, 95 % CI 1.93-3.94), age 35-39 years 76 % (HR 2.33, 95 % CI 1.54-3.52), age 40-49 years 84 % (HR 1.53, 95 % CI 0.97-2.39), and age 50-69 years 89 % (reference)]. The worse BCSS was statistically significant in stages I-IIa and Luminal B tumors. At multivariate analysis age < 35 years and 35-39 years confined a risk in LRFS (HR 2.13, 95 % CI 1.21-3.76 and HR 1.97, 95 % CI 1.06-3.68) but not in DDFS and BCSS. In the subgroup of women < 40 years with luminal tumors stage I-IIa, low age remained an independent risk factor also in DDFS (HR 1.87, 95 % CI 1.03-3.44). Young women have a high risk of systemic disease even when diagnosed in an early stage. The excess risk of relapse is most pronounced in Luminal B tumors, where low age is an independent prognostic factor of DDFS and LRFS.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Fredriksson, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' perception of music versus ordinary sound in a postanaesthesia care unit : a randomised crossover trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 25:4, s. 208-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed an experimental single-blind crossover design study in a postanaesthesia care unit (PACU): (i) to test the hypothesis that patients will experience a higher degree of wellbeing if they listen to music compared to ordinary PACU sounds during their early postoperative care, (ii) to determine if there is a difference over time, and (iii) to evaluate the importance of the acoustic environment and whether patients prefer listening to music during their stay. Two groups received a three-phase intervention: one group (n=23) experienced music-ordinary sound-music and the second group (n=21) experienced ordinary sound-music-ordinary sound. Each period lasted 30 min, and after each period the patients assessed their experience of the sound. The results demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.001) between groups in the proportions of patients reporting that the acoustic environment was of great importance for their wellbeing during the three-phase intervention, and most participants (n=36 versus n=8) noticed that they were exposed to different sounds during the PACU period. The results also revealed that most participants (n=32) preferred listening to music versus listening to ordinary sound (n=3) while in the PACU (p<0.001). These findings promote use of listening to music to establish a healing environment for patients in a postanaesthesia care unit.
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| 48. |
- Fredriksson, Anna M K, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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A structured procedure for materials planning during production transfer
- 2015
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Ingår i: Production Planning and Control. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7287 .- 1366-5871. ; 26:9, s. 738-752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores materials planning procedures to ensure the materials’ availability during production transfers. The paper defines a production transfer as the preparation, physical transfer, and start-up of relocated production. A structured procedure of materials planning during production transfer is developed based on theory, and then validated and refined based on the analysis of four case studies. The paper shows that there is a need for a structured procedure of materials planning during production transfers. It also explains the importance of activities that create prerequisites for the materials’ availability during production transfer, such as updating and adapting documentation, planning and control systems, and describes the activities that ensure the materials’ availability, such as preventive and corrective actions. A valid estimation of the time needed to reach a steady state and a combination of several preventive actions improves the ability to ensure that materials are available. The cases showed differences across company size, because large companies took more and farther-reaching preventive actions.
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| 49. |
- Fredriksson, Anna M K, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Assuring materials availability during the production transfer process – Critical characteristics of the materials planning environment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. - 1741-038X. ; 25:3, s. 310-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The MP (materials planning) environment sets the prerequisites for the MP process. Before and during PTS (production transfer and start-up) supply chain uncertainty of the MP environment increases, as the company goes from a known to an unknown situation. The purpose of this paper is to describe the impact of the MP environment on the MP process before and during PTS.Design/methodology/approach: A conceptual framework describing the MP environment before and during PTS is developed and applied to one case of outsourcing from Sweden to China. The framework is based on a literature review and further evaluated by both researchers and managers.Findings: A conceptual framework describing the dynamic MP environment before and during PTS has been developed compared to previously static MP environments descriptions. In addition, this framework proved to be useful in analysing the importance of various characteristics of the MP environment before and during PTS.Practical implications: The study highlights the importance of a proactive approach to materials availability when transferring production. The conceptual framework developed here can be used as a checklist to identify the characteristics of the MP environment that are most important to ensuring materials availability.Originality/value: The paper highlights the PTS when outsourcing, a substantial time frame with a large impact on success. This is an important contribution, given the focus of previous outsourcing research on strategic issues. Further, the paper demonstrates the differences between static and dynamic MP environments.
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| 50. |
- Fredriksson, Anna M K, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Factors and motives in outsourcing decisions
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of EurOMA conference, Ankara, Turkey.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outsourcing is a complex and important decision: organizations with different levels of success in outsourcing include different factors into outsourcing decisions. Current literature points to several factors to consider in outsourcing decisions, though there are few studies that evaluate what factors companies view as important. The purpose of this paper is to analyze what factors Swedish companies consider important when making outsourcing decisions for manufacturing and to identify motives for outsourcing. A questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data. The companies were asked which factors were most uncertain and concerning when making outsourcing decisions and due to should be important to include in outsourcing decisions. Quality, cooperation and communication, trustworthiness and stability of the supplier, and control over products and own processes were according to the companies factors that created most uncertainty and concern. The four main motives of outsourcing are all connected to costs and reaching financial goals.
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