| 1. |
- Fresnais, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Apathy as a Predictor for Conversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology. - : Sage Publications. - 0891-9887 .- 1552-5708. ; 36:1, s. 3-17
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Apathy is one of the most prevalent neurobehavioral manifestations in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and is included among the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Studies suggest that the presence of apathy could be associated with increased dementia risk. The role of apathy in conversion from MCI to dementia, and whether apathy could be a relevant predictor for dementia progression, are still matters of investigation.AIM: To study the relationship between apathy and progression to dementia in individuals with MCI.METHODS: A systematic literature search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, PsychINFO, and CINAHL was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search included longitudinal studies reporting on the association between apathy and dementia.RESULTS: The main outcome was pooled unadjusted hazard ratios (HR) of apathy in dementia conversion and included 11 studies with 9504 individuals. There was a significant association between apathy and dementia conversion, HR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.29, 1.84. Subgroup analysis showed a significant association between apathy and progression to AD.CONCLUSION: Apathy was associated with an increased risk of conversion to AD and all-cause dementia in patients with MCI. The role of apathy as a marker for incident dementia needs to be investigated in large, high-quality studies.
|
|
| 2. |
- Fresnais, David, et al.
(författare)
-
The Association between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Cognitive Impairment : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 50:4, s. 305-317
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive impairment (CI) and different etiologies of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are associated with vascular risk factors and atherosclerosis. In clinical practice, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measured by ultrasonography may be a marker of atherosclerosis. Many studies report increased CIMT in patients with dementia and CI although a firm association has not yet been established.Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to study the relationship between CIMT, dementia, and CI.Methods: The literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and included the following databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos. The search spanned from 2000 to 2020 and was limited to English and Scandinavian languages.Results: The main analysis of CIMT in subjects with CI compared to subjects with no cognitive impairment (NCI) included 12 studies; 1,089 subjects with CI and 5,223 with NCI. There was no significant difference in CIMT between the CI and NCI groups. However, subgroup analyses revealed significantly higher CIMT in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia groups than the NCI group. In addition, patients with dementia had increased CIMT compared to patients with MCI, and patients with AD demonstrated higher CIMT than those with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).Conclusion: CIMT may be higher in subjects with CI than in cognitively healthy subjects although no significant difference was observed in our main analysis. CIMT was higher in the dementia group than the MCI group and in the AD group compared to the VCI group.
|
|
| 3. |
- David, Fresnais, et al.
(författare)
-
Lack of association in acne and salivary testosterone
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of controversies in biomedical research. - : Codon Publications. - 2205-5975. ; 4:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris has only been partially elucidated. Various hormones, especially androgens, are likely to play a role, but results of studies are still inconclusive. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether day to day variation in salivary testosterone correlates with acne in males. Saliva samples were collected for 120 consecutive days from each of the 40 males. Salivary testosterone concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Facial acne lesions were assessed on a daily basis by photography by the participating males. Potential confounders’ (sexual intercourse, masturbation, physical exercise and disease) were also registered every day by the participants. A significant but weak association between salivary testosterone and acne was found (n = 4602, r = 0.031, P = 0.034). Elevated testosterone concentrations were associated with an increase in acne, but when testosterone concentrations were above twice the individual average, acne lesions paradoxically decreased. The current results indicate that daily fluctuations in salivary testosterone levels in males are associated with acne patterns, but the weak correlation suggests that the effect is too small to be of clinical significance. The analysis in the current study was complicated by a large number of days on which the participants had no acne, as well as the seemingly non-monotonic relation between testosterone and acne. This may indicate that the actual relation is stronger than concluded here.
|
|
| 4. |
- Fresnais, David, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Transcranial Doppler Studies
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 52:5-6, s. 277-295
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) is a non-invasive tool for measuring cerebrovascular hemodynamics. Studies have reported alterations in cerebrovascular hemodynamics in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, as well as in different etiologies of dementia. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to investigate the relationship between cerebral blood velocity (CBv) and pulsatility index (PI) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in persons with MCI and dementia.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, PsychINFO, and CINAHL. The search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. After screening of 33439 articles, 86 were reviewed in full-text, and 35 fulfilled the inclusion criteria.Results: CBv was significantly lower and PI significantly higher in MCA in vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to cognitively normal (CN) older persons. Also, CBv was lower in MCI compared to CN. There were no significant differences in CBv in MCA in AD compared with VaD, although PI was higher in VaD compared to AD.Conclusion: Alterations in cerebrovascular hemodynamics are seen in AD, VaD and MCI. While PI was slightly higher in VaD compared to AD, the reduction in CBv appears to be equally pronounced across neurodegenerative and vascular etiologies of dementia.
|
|
