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1.	Andersson, Lars, et al. (författare) Framtidsberättelser från lantbruket år 2030 2016 Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
2.	Bergendahl, Sandra, et al. (författare) Lateral episiotomy or no episiotomy in vacuum assisted delivery in nulliparous women (EVA) : multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial 2024 Ingår i: BMJ. British Medical Journal. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0959-8146 .- 0959-535X. ; 385, s. e079014- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To assess the effect of lateral episiotomy, compared with no episiotomy, on obstetric anal sphincter injury in nulliparous women requiring vacuum extraction. Design: A multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial.Setting: Eight hospitals in Sweden, 2017-23.Participants: 717 nulliparous women with a single live fetus of 34 gestational weeks or more, requiring vacuum extraction were randomly assigned (1:1) to lateral episiotomy or no episiotomy using sealed opaque envelopes. Randomisation was stratified by study site.Intervention: A standardised lateral episiotomy was performed during the vacuum extraction, at crowning of the fetal head, starting 1-3 cm from the posterior fourchette, at a 60° (45-80°) angle from the midline, and 4 cm (3-5 cm) long. The comparison was no episiotomy unless considered indispensable.Main outcome measures: The primary outcome of the episiotomy in vacuum assisted delivery (EVA) trial was obstetric anal sphincter injury, clinically diagnosed by combined visual inspection and digital rectal and vaginal examination. The primary analysis used a modified intention-to-treat population that included all consenting women with attempted or successful vacuum extraction. As a result of an interim analysis at significance level P<0.01, the primary endpoint was tested at 4% significance level with accompanying 96% confidence interval (CI).Results: From 1 July 2017 to 15 February 2023, 717 women were randomly assigned: 354 (49%) to lateral episiotomy and 363 (51%) to no episiotomy. Before vacuum extraction attempt, one woman withdrew consent and 14 had a spontaneous birth, leaving 702 for the primary analysis. In the intervention group, 21 (6%) of 344 women sustained obstetric anal sphincter injury, compared with 47 (13%) of 358 women in the comparison group (P=0.002). The risk difference was -7.0% (96% CI -11.7% to -2.5%). The risk ratio adjusted for site was 0.47 (96% CI 0.23 to 0.97) and unadjusted risk ratio was 0.46 (0.28 to 0.78). No significant differences were noted between groups in postpartum pain, blood loss, neonatal outcomes, or total adverse events, but the intervention group had more wound infections and dehiscence.Conclusions: Lateral episiotomy can be recommended for nulliparous women requiring vacuum extraction to significantly reduce the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02643108.
3.	Bergkvist, Göran, et al. (författare) Förfrukter till höstvete - övervintring 2010 Ingår i: Medd. från Södra jordbruksförsöksdistriktet, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. - 0282-180X. ; , s. 8:1 - 8:3 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
4.	Blennow Nordström, Erik, et al. (författare) Neuropsychological outcome after cardiac arrest : results from a sub-study of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (TTM2) trial 2023 Ingår i: Critical Care. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 27:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is common following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but the nature of the impairment is poorly understood. Our objective was to describe cognitive impairment in OHCA survivors, with the hypothesis that OHCA survivors would perform significantly worse on neuropsychological tests of cognition than controls with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Another aim was to investigate the relationship between cognitive performance and the associated factors of emotional problems, fatigue, insomnia, and cardiovascular risk factors following OHCA.METHODS: This was a prospective case-control sub-study of The Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial. Eight of 61 TTM2-sites in Sweden, Denmark, and the United Kingdom included adults with OHCA of presumed cardiac or unknown cause. A matched non-arrest control group with acute MI was recruited. At approximately 7 months post-event, we administered an extensive neuropsychological test battery and questionnaires on anxiety, depression, fatigue, and insomnia, and collected information on the cardiovascular risk factors hypertension and diabetes.RESULTS: Of 184 eligible OHCA survivors, 108 were included, with 92 MI controls enrolled. Amongst OHCA survivors, 29% performed z-score ≤ - 1 (at least borderline-mild impairment) in ≥ 2 cognitive domains, 14% performed z-score ≤ - 2 (major impairment) in ≥ 1 cognitive domain while 54% performed without impairment in any domain. Impairment was most pronounced in episodic memory, executive functions, and processing speed. OHCA survivors performed significantly worse than MI controls in episodic memory (mean difference, MD = - 0.37, 95% confidence intervals [- 0.61, - 0.12]), verbal (MD = - 0.34 [- 0.62, - 0.07]), and visual/constructive functions (MD = - 0.26 [- 0.47, - 0.04]) on linear regressions adjusted for educational attainment and sex. When additionally adjusting for anxiety, depression, fatigue, insomnia, hypertension, and diabetes, executive functions (MD = - 0.44 [- 0.82, - 0.06]) were also worse following OHCA. Diabetes, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and fatigue were significantly associated with worse cognitive performance.CONCLUSIONS: In our study population, cognitive impairment was generally mild following OHCA. OHCA survivors performed worse than MI controls in 3 of 6 domains. These results support current guidelines that a post-OHCA follow-up service should screen for cognitive impairment, emotional problems, and fatigue.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03543371. Registered 1 June 2018.
5.	Blennow Nordström, Erik, et al. (författare) Neuropsychological outcome after cardiac arrest : A prospective case control sub-study of the Targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest trial (TTM2) 2020 Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2261. ; 20:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: This study is designed to provide detailed knowledge on cognitive impairment after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and its relation to associated factors, and to validate the neurocognitive screening of the Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest trial (TTM2-trial), assessing effectiveness of targeted temperature management after OHCA. Methods: This longitudinal multi-center clinical study is a sub-study of the TTM2-trial, in which a comprehensive neuropsychological examination is performed in addition to the main TTM2-trial neurocognitive screening. Approximately 7 and 24 months after OHCA, survivors at selected study sites are invited to a standardized assessment, including performance-based tests of cognition and questionnaires of emotional problems, fatigue, executive function and insomnia. At 1:1 ratio, a matched control group from a cohort of acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients is recruited to perform the same assessment. We aim to include 100 patients per group. Potential differences between the OHCA patients and the MI controls at 7 and 24 months will be analyzed with a linear regression, using composite z-scores per cognitive domain (verbal, visual/constructive, working memory, episodic memory, processing speed, executive functions) as primary outcome measures. Results from OHCA survivors on the main TTM2-trial neurocognitive screening battery will be compared with neuropsychological test results at 7 months, using sensitivity and specificity analyses. Discussion: In this study we collect detailed information on cognitive impairment after OHCA and compare this to a control group of patients with acute MI. The validation of the TTM2 neurocognitive screening battery could justify its inclusion in routine follow-up. Our results may have a potential to impact on the design of future follow-up strategies and interventions after OHCA. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03543371. Registered 1 June 2018
6.	Blennow Nordström, Erik, et al. (författare) Neuropsychological Outcome After Cardiac Arrest: Results from a Sub-study of the Targeted Hypothermia Versus Targeted Normothermia After Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) Trial 2023 Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - 1469-7661. ; 29:Supplement s1, s. 789-790 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
7.	Borgström, Pernilla, et al. (författare) Växtskydd i raps, åkerbönor och ärter: kunskapsbehov och forskningsinriktningar 2019 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denna rapport är framtagen på initiativ av en fokusgrupp för växtskydd i avbrottsgrödor som bildats inom Plattform växtskydd vid SLU. Rapportens syfte är att identifiera betydande kunskapsluckor som behöver fyllas om ett effektivt och hållbart växtskydd ska kunna uppnås i raps, åkerbönor och ärter, som är de arealmässigt viktigaste avbrottsgrödorna till spannmål i Sverige. I sammanställningen beskrivs ett tjugotal av de främsta skadegörarna som angriper dessa grödor samt vilka befintliga växtskyddsåtgärder som finns att tillgå vid angrepp. De mest angelägna kunskapsbehoven och lovande forskningsinriktningarna presenteras också för respektive skadegörare; dessa har fastställts genom litteraturstudier och diskussioner med experter. I rapporten identifieras och diskuteras slutligen också gemensamma teman av kunskapsluckor för flera olika skadegörare. Vi konstaterar att det för flera virus och markburna patogener finns stora kunskapsluckor vad gäller den grundläggande biologin och skadegörarnas förekomst och utbredning i Sverige. Det finns också bristande kunskap om flera skadegörares spridningsmönster, till exempel flygavstånd för insekter. Resistensförädling identifieras som en övergripande och lovande väg framåt för att utveckla växtskyddet mot speciellt patogener som inte kan bekämpas kemiskt, som kransmögel, klumprotsjuka och Turnip Yellows Virus i raps, samt rotrötor i ärter och åkerbönor. Vidare illustrerar vår sammanställning att odlingssystemet, speciellt växtföljden, är central för att hantera många patogener, ogräs och insekter. Särskilt för en del markburna patogener är långa odlingsuppehåll det enskilt viktigaste sättet att begränsa angrepp. Förändringar i hur grödorna odlas, såsom samodling eller etablering med reducerad markbearbetning, påverkar hela samhällen av skadegörare, men oftast studeras bara effekterna på en skadegörare åt gången, utan att hänsyn tas till eventuella samspelseffekter mellan olika skadegörare. Rapporten belyser också att det finns kunskapsluckor som behöver fyllas för att vi genom ett integrerat växtskydd ska få bästa möjliga effekt av direkt bekämpning mot skadegörare, till exempel utveckling av tillförlitliga prognosmetoder och/eller välgrundade bekämpningströsklar. Vi drar slutsatsen att en förväntat omfattande framtida odling av raps, åkerbönor, ärter och närbesläktade kål- och ärtväxter i Sverige, i ett förändrat klimat och med en begränsad tillgång till kemiska bekämpningsmedel, kommer att ställa växtskyddet inför stora utmaningar. För att möta dessa utmaningar kommer det krävas forskning som kan ta fram motståndskraftiga grödor, odlingssystem som missgynnar skadegörare samt kompletta strategier för integrerat växtskydd som kan hantera uppkomna skadegörarproblem genom behovsanpassad bekämpning med låg miljöbelastning.
8.	Bötzl, Fabian, et al. (författare) Undersowing oats with clovers supports pollinators and suppresses arable weeds without reducing yields 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 60, s. 614-623 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Sustainable food production requires agriculture to conserve biodiversity and facilitate ecosystem services to maintain productivity levels while reducing inputs detrimental to ecosystem functioning. Increasing within-field vegetation diversity by legume intercropping seems promising to facilitate cropping system multi-functionality. Effects of intercropping with legumes on biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services such as pollination or natural pest control are, however, not sufficiently understood. Using 26 observation plots in a paired field design, we studied the effects of undersowing oats with a mixture of three annual clovers across different aspects of cropping system multi-functionality. We investigated 16 below- and above-ground ecosystem service indicators related to soil mineral nitrogen, arable weed control, pollination, disease and pest pressures, natural pest control and crop yield. We found lower arable weed cover, higher flower cover and pollinator densities as well as decreased root-feeding nematode densities in intercropped observation plots compared with the non-intercropped controls. However, intercropping decreased spider activity densities and oat yield nitrogen content. Root diseases, pest damages, natural pest control and crop yield were not affected by intercropping. The biomass of undersown clovers was positively related with the differences in flower cover and pollinator densities, and negatively related with the differences in arable weed cover between the intercropped and the control treatment. Synthesis and applications: We demonstrate that undersowing annual clovers suppresses arable weeds and simultaneously support pollinators without reducing crop yields or taking land out of arable production. Undersown plant mixtures should, however, be tailored to support a wider spectrum of pollinators and benefit natural pest control to support a higher level of overall cropping system multi-functionality.
9.	Eisen, Katherine E., et al. (författare) Honest floral signalling traits vary across and within populations in an insect-pollinated plant 2023 Ingår i: Functional Ecology. - 0269-8463. ; 37:9, s. 2511-2522 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In flowering plants that produce concealed rewards, pollinator foraging preferences may select for floral advertisement traits that are correlated with rewards. To date, studies have not focused on the potential for honest signals to vary across populations, which could occur due to differences in pollinator communities or plant mating system. We tested for variation in honest signals across and within populations and mating systems in Arabis alpina, a broadly distributed arctic-alpine perennial herb that is visited by a variable community of insects. In a greenhouse common garden, we tested for correlations between corolla area, floral scent and nectar volume in 29 populations. In 12 field populations, we examined variation in pollen limitation and corolla area. Across and within populations and mating systems, larger flowers generally produced more nectar. Total scent emission was not correlated with nectar production, but two compounds—phenylacetaldehyde and benzyl alcohol—may be honest signals in some populations. Corolla area was correlated with pollen limitation only across populations. Our results suggest that honest signals may be similar across populations but may not result from contemporary direct selection on floral advertisements. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
10.	Emery, Sara, et al. (författare) The Potential of Intercropping for Multifunctional Crop Protection in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) 2021 Ingår i: Frontiers in Agronomy. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-3218. ; 3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus) is a globally important crop which is increasingly under pressure from pests, pathogens and weeds. We investigated the potential of achieving multifunctional crop protection benefits by intercropping oilseed rape with legumes. A field experiment was conducted in which winter oilseed rape was intercropped with the annual frost sensitive legumes berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) or spring faba bean (Vicia faba), or with the winter grain legumes winter faba bean or winter peas (Pisum sativum). We tracked damage to winter oilseed rape by autumn and spring pests (slugs and insects), pathogens, weed biomass, as well as oilseed rape and intercrop yield in each treatment. Intercropping treatments resulted in pest damage that was equivalent or lower than in oilseed rape alone. Follow up field and lab assessments for the frost sensitive legume intercrops provided evidence for a reduction in autumn pest damage to OSR. Each legume intercrop had its own benefits and drawbacks in relation to pest, pathogen and weed suppression, suggesting that the plant species selected for intercropping with oilseed rape should be based on the pests, pathogens and weeds of greatest concern locally to achieve relevant multifunctional benefits. Our study provides a framework for further experiments in which the multifunctional effects of intercropping on pests, pathogens and weeds can be quantified.
11.	Ernstsson, Olivia, et al. (författare) Cost of Illness of Multiple Sclerosis : A Systematic Review 2016 Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Cost-of-illness (COI) studies of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are vital components for describing the economic burden of MS, and are frequently used in model studies of interventions of MS. We conducted a systematic review of studies estimating the COI of MS, to compare costs between studies and examine cost drivers, emphasizing generalizability and methodological choices.MATERIAL AND METHOD: A literature search on studies published in English on COI of MS was performed in PubMed for the period January 1969 to January 2014, resulting in 1,326 publications. A mapping of studies using a bottom-up approach or top-down approach, respectively, was conducted for the 48 studies assessed as relevant. In a second analysis, the cost estimates were compared between the 29 studies that used a societal perspective on costs, human capital approach for indirect costs, presenting number of patients included, time-period studied, and year of price level used.RESULTS: The mapping showed that bottom-up studies and prevalence approaches were most common. The cost ratios between different severity levels within studies were relatively stable, to the ratio of 1 to 2 to 3 for disability level categories. Drugs were the main cost drivers for MS-patients with low disease severity, representing 29% to 82% of all costs in this patient group, while the main cost components for groups with more advanced MS symptoms were production losses due to MS and informal care, together representing 17% to 67% of costs in those groups.CONCLUSION: The bottom-up method and prevalence approach dominated in studies of COI of MS. Our findings show that there are difficulties in comparing absolute costs across studies, nevertheless, the relative costs expressed as cost ratios, comparing different severity levels, showed higher resemblance. Costs of drugs were main cost drivers for less severe MS and informal care and production losses for the most severe MS.
12.	Feit, Benjamin, et al. (författare) Assessing the resilience of biodiversity-driven functions in agroecosystems under environmental change 2019 Ingår i: Advances in Ecological Research. - : Elsevier. - 0065-2504. ; 60, s. 59-123 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
13.	Friberg, Ari T., et al. (författare) Spectral elementary-coherence-function representation for partially coherent light pulses 2007 Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 15:8, s. 5160-5165 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A broad class of partially coherent non-stationary fields can be expressed in terms of the recently proposed independent-elementary-pulse model. In this work we first introduce a corresponding dual representation in the frequency domain and then extend this concept by considering shifted and weighted elementary spectral coherence functions. We prove that this method, which closely describes practical optical systems, leads to properly defined correlation functions. As an example, we demonstrate that our new model characterizes, in a natural way, trains of ultra-short pulses, affected by noise and timing jitter, emitted by usual modulators employed in telecom applications.
14.	Friberg, Hanna (författare) Cause and duration of mustard incorporation effects on soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi 2009 Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 41, s. 2075-2084 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Two fungal plant pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2 and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini, were studied in relation to general responses of soil fungi and bacteria following incorporation of Brassica juncea. Our aim was to understand to what extent the changes in the biological and physicochemical characteristics of the soil could explain the effects on the studied pathogens and diseases, and to determine the temporal nature of the responses. Short-term effects of mustard incorporation (up to 4 months) were investigated in a microcosm experiment, and compared with a treatment where composted plant material was incorporated. In a field experiment, the responses were followed up to 11 months after removal or incorporation of a mustard crop. In general, responses in the variables measured changed more after incorporation of fresh mustard material than after addition of similar amounts of composted plant material (microcosms) or after removal of the mustard crop (field). The soil inoculum potential of 9 solani AG 2-2 decreased directly after incorporation of mustard, but increased later to disease levels above those in the untreated soil. Neither of these effects could be explained by changes in the population density of X solani AG 2-2. Fusarium spp. were less influenced, although an increase in the suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt was observed after mustard incorporation as compared with the treatment where mustard was removed. The microbial responses to mustard incorporation were more pronounced for bacteria than for fungi. After an initial substantial increase, the bacterial density decreased but remained above the levels in the control treatment throughout the experimental periods. The bacterial community structure was modified up to 8 months after mustard incorporation. We conclude that incorporation of fresh mustard influences soil microbial communities, especially the bacteria, and has a potential to control the pathogenic activity of R solani 2-2 on a short-term perspective. The time dependency in microbial responses is important and should be taken into consideration for the evaluation of the potential of Brassicas to control plant disease on a field scale. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
15.	Friberg, Hanna, et al. (författare) Contribution of anecic and epigeic earthworms to biological control of Fusarium graminearum in wheat straw 2021 Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-1393 .- 1873-0272. ; 166 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Earthworms have proved to contribute to plant health indirectly, by improvement of soil physical and chemical properties, as well as directly, through suppression of plant pathogens. Fusarium Head Blight, caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most important cereal diseases, with severe detrimental effects on yield and grain quality worldwide, and significant effect on grain safety due to the accumulation of mycotoxins produced by the fungus. Earthworms could reduce the residue-borne inoculum density of F. graminearum through different mechanisms, including direct competition by residue consumption, growth inhibition caused by the earthworm coelomic fluid, mechanical disruption of fungal hyphae, and burying crop residue which reduce the chances for the fungus to release spores for head infection. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of anecic and epigeic earthworms on wheat straw and on F. graminearum inoculum. For this, PVC cylinders (microcosms 14.5 cm diameter, 30 cm height) were filled with moist soil mix, wheat straw was evenly distributed on the soil surface (inoculated with Fusarium, soil microorganisms or sterile) and three earthworm species (Aporrectodea longa, Lumbricus rubellus or Lumbricus terrestris) were tested. Since the response of earthworms may change according to conditions of soil moisture and food availability, two different experiments were arranged. The first Experiment represented a sub-optimal situation for earthworms regarding soil moisture and feeding conditions, which was obtained by scarce watering of the microcosms with a consequent decrease in soil water content during incubation, and by not adding cow manure as supplementary food source. In the second experiment, soil was enriched with cow manure as feed for the earthworms and soil moisture was maintained above 25%. Results from qPCR analysis revealed that F. graminearum inoculum on straw was reduced to undetectable amounts by L. rubellus and A. longa when the feeding conditions were limited, while no significant differences compared with the control without earthworms were found when earthworms had high food availability (alpha = 0.05). Straw coverage on soil surface was reduced by L. rubellus (epigeic) in both experiments (p < 0.0001), while A. longa (anecic) just did so under optimal conditions. L. terrestris (anecic), only tested under optimal conditions, reduced soil cover significantly more than the other two species (p < 0.0001). Negative effect of this fungus was not observed on the studied earthworms. Both anecic and epigeic earthworms tested showed potential to contribute to biological control of F. graminearum in wheat straw. This control may occur by reducing straw on surface, reducing the pathogen inoculum on straw, or both, depending on the environmental conditions and their response according to their ecological group and species. The possibilities to optimize earthworm capacity for biological control of fungal diseases in practical agriculture, under changing weather and organic matter supply conditions, are discussed.
16.	Friberg, Hanna, et al. (författare) Effect of earthworms and incorporation of grass on Plasmodiophora brassicae 2008 Ingår i: Pedobiologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1511 .- 0031-4056. ; 52:1, s. 29-39 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae, causal agent of clubroot disease of crucifers, are tolerant structures with the abitity to survive for at least 15 years in soil waiting for a host. The influence of incorporation of cut grass (Lolium perenne) and presence of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa on R brassicae resting spores was investigated in a microcosm experiment, and measured as disease development in susceptible bait plants (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis). Grass material was incorporated every other month during 498 days of experiment, and soil samples for P brassicae bioassay were collected nine times, just before each incorporation of grass. The grass treatment, irrespective of earthworm presence, resutted in a tower soil pH, increased the proportion of large soil. aggregates and increased the abundance of mites, collembolans and nematodes. The microbial biomass (SIR) was increased by grass incorporation, as a result of an increase in growing microbial biomass. When earthworms were present, the response of the microbial community was more pronounced, and the organic material. was mineralised more efficiently, leading to a higher percentage ash content of the soil. In contrary to these changes, clubroot disease severity did not differ among the treatments at any specific sampling. Across all samplings, however, disease severity was higher in the grass treatment without earthworms compared with the control treatment. The result contradicts earlier studies on earthworm effects on P brassicae. The importance of different earthworm species on the interaction is discussed. (c) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
17.	Friberg, Hanna, et al. (författare) Hållbart växtskydd : möjliga indikatorer och ekonomiska aspekter av diversifiering 2023 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Hållbar utveckling handlar om att värna och nyttja de resurser vi har på ett sätt som gör att dagens behov uppfylls utan negativ påverkan på framtida generationers möjlighet att uppfylla sina behov. Samtliga tre dimensioner av hållbarhet - ekologisk, ekonomisk och social - behöver inkluderas. I ett hållbart växtskyddsarbete eftersträvas en minimerad förlust av skörden på grund av skadegörare och ogräs med en så liten negativ påverkan av insatserna som möjligt på människor, djur och miljö, samtidigt som produktionen bedrivs konkurrenskraftigt, lönsamt och säkert ur ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv. År 2022 publicerades en kunskapssammanställning om hållbara odlingssystem med avseende på växtskydd (Lundin och Friberg, 2022). Där konstaterades att det vore av stort värde om fler indikatorer för hållbart växtskydd kunde utvecklas, för att vi i framtiden ska kunna skatta hållbarheten utifrån fler dimensioner än vad som görs idag. Den belyste också behovet av en utökad ekonomisk analys av hållbarhet kopplat till skördebortfall och till diversifiering genom val av olika grödor i växtodlingen. Den här rapporten bygger vidare på kunskapssammanställningens slutsatser genom en fördjupad diskussion om hur nya indikatorer som speglar utveckling av skadegörare, de skador de orsakar samt resistensutveckling kan användas för att skatta hållbarheten i svensk växtproduktion. Rapporten presenterar också ekonomiska analyser utifrån bekämpningskostnader och skördebortfall, samt ekonomiska aspekter på ökad diversifiering genom ökad odlad mångfald.Baserat på vårt arbete föreslår vi att skadegörardata som sedan 1989 samlats in via Jordbruksverkets växtskyddscentraler används för indikatorer för skadegörare i jordbruksgrödor, och presenterar i rapporten ett förslag på urval av 16 viktiga skadegörare samt en modell för att följa deras förekomst över tid. Eftersom bakomliggande data finns sammanställda och tillgängliggjorda kan en sådan indikator tillämpas redan i dagsläget. En indikator för skördebortfall orsakat av skadegörare kan utvecklas genom att bearbeta data från de bekämpningsförsök som årligen genomförs, och rapporten presenterar en modell för hur en sådan indikator kan beräknas utifrån dessa försöksdata. Till skillnad från indikatorerna för skadegörarförekomst finns inte data från bekämpningsförsök sammanställda och tillgängliggjorda i dagsläget, utan kräver avsevärd bearbetning innan en sådan indikator kan beräknas. Vi anser det därför angeläget att en sådan sammanställning görs, så att även en indikator för skördeförluster kan användas. Bekämpningsförsöken är också begränsade avseende vilka grödor och skadegörare som finns tillräckligt representerade. Vi ser de försök som avser sjukdomar i höstvete och vårkorn som mest lämpliga för utvecklingen av framtida indikatorer, medan liknande försök för skadeinsekter i dagsläget är alltför få för att utgöra en säker grund till motsvarande beräkningar. Vi föreslår också att de resistenstester som genomförs för herbicider, fungicider och insekticider i Sverige sammanfattas till en indikator för resistensutvecklingen som speglar växtskyddets evolutionära hållbarhet.Ekonomiska beräkningar som gjordes utifrån bekämpningsförsök i höstvete och vårkorn visade på stor skillnad i lönsamhet vid kemisk bekämpning av sjukdomar orsakade av svampar för år med högt sjukdomstryck jämfört med år med lågt sjukdomstryck. Resultaten belyser vikten av god precision och säkerhet i prognoser och beslutsstöd kring kemisk bekämpning för en god behovsanpassning av bekämpningen.Diversifiering genom en ökad mångfald av odlade grödor kan både minska lantbruksföretagets risk och öka lantbruksföretagets lönsamhet när diversifiering sker med tillräckligt lönsamma grödor. För att gynna en diversifiering kan det vara effektivt att ha ekonomiskt stöd direkt kopplat till grödan, i de fall där det finns befintliga avsättningsmöjligheter i stor skala. När avsättningsmöjligheterna behöver förbättras kan stöd ges för att vidareförädla grödan. Dessutom kan det behövas hjälp med organisation och kunskap kring nya grödor. Därmed kan det vara lämpligt med olika stödutformning för olika situationer där olika stöd kan komplettera varandra.
18.	Friberg, Hanna, et al. (författare) Lombrices como agentes de control biológico de la fusariosis de la espiga en el trigo 2015 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
19.	Friberg, Hanna, et al. (författare) Optimizing Plant Disease Management in Agricultural Ecosystems Through Rational In-Crop Diversification 2021 Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Biodiversity plays multifaceted roles in societal development and ecological sustainability. In agricultural ecosystems, using biodiversity to mitigate plant diseases has received renewed attention in recent years but our knowledge of the best ways of using biodiversity to control plant diseases is still incomplete. In term of in-crop diversification, it is not clear how genetic diversity per se in host populations interacts with identifiable resistance and other functional traits of component genotypes to mitigate disease epidemics and what is the best way of structuring mixture populations. In this study, we created a series of host populations by mixing different numbers of potato varieties showing different late blight resistance levels in different proportions. The amount of naturally occurring late blight disease in the mixture populations was recorded weekly during the potato growing seasons. The percentage of disease reduction (PDR) in the mixture populations was calculated by comparing their observed late blight levels relative to that expected when they were planted in pure stands. We found that PDR in the mixtures increased as the number of varieties and the difference in host resistance (DHR) between the component varieties increased. However, the level of host resistance in the potato varieties had little impact on PDR. In mixtures involving two varieties, the optimum proportion of component varieties for the best PDR depended on their DHR, with an increasing skewness to one of the component varieties as the DHR between the component varieties increased. These results indicate that mixing crop varieties can significantly reduce disease epidemics in the field. To achieve the best disease mitigation, growers should include as many varieties as possible in mixtures or, if only two component mixtures are possible, increase DHR among the component varieties.
20.	Friberg, Hanna (författare) Organiskt material gynnar marklivet! 2013 Ingår i: Lantbrukets affärer. - 1404-6679. ; 2013, s. 28-29 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Organiskt material ger inte bara bättre markstruktur, det föder även markens liv. Ett rikt markliv ger högre bördighet genom omsättning av växtnäring, men även genom högre motstånd mot sjukdomar. Tillför stallgödsel, variera växtföljden och ha gärna vall!
21.	Friberg, Hanna, et al. (författare) Preceding crop and tillage system affect winter survival of wheat and the fungal communities on young wheat roots and in soil 2019 Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Letters. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0378-1097 .- 1574-6968. ; 366 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Agricultural practices like tillage and cropping sequence have profound influence on soil-living and plant-associated fungi, and thereby on plant growth. In a field experiment, we studied the effects of preceding crop and tillage on fungal communities in the soil and on young winter wheat roots in relation to plant winter survival and grain yield. We hypothesized that plant performance and fungal communities (described by amplicon sequencing) differ depending on tillage system and preceding crop; that the effect of preceding crop differs depending on tillage system, and that differences in fungal communities are reflected in plant performance. In line with our hypotheses, effects of preceding crop on plant growth and fungal communities on plant roots and in soil were more pronounced under non-inversion tillage than under inversion tillage (ploughing). Fungal communities on plant roots in treatments with low winter survival were different from those with better survival. In soil, several fungal OTUs (operational taxonomic units) differed significantly between tillage systems. OTUs representing putative plant pathogens were either more abundant (Parastagonospora sp._27) or less abundant (Fusarium culmorum/graminearum 5) after non-inversion tillage. Our findings highlight the influence of cultural practices on fungal communities and thereby on plant health and yield.
22.	Friberg, Hanna (författare) Real-time PCR assay for identification and quantification of Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 in soil 2009 Ingår i: IOBC-WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 42, s. 41-46 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
23.	Friberg, Hanna (författare) Response of Rhizoctonia solani to soil faunal grazing and organic amendments – different from general microbial dynamics 2009 Ingår i: IOBC-WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; , s. 63-67 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
24.	Friberg, Hanna (författare) Risk för skadesvampar i plöjningsfritt vete 2016 Ingår i: Arvensis. - 2000-0871. ; 2016, s. 30-31 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
25.	Friberg, Hanna (författare) Roots of symptom-free leguminous cover crop and living mulch species harbor diverse Fusarium communities that show highly variable aggressiveness on pea (Pisum sativum) 2018 Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Leguminous cover crop and living mulch species show not only great potential for providing multiple beneficial services to agro-ecosystems, but may also present pathological risks for other crops in rotations through shared pathogens, especially those of the genus Fusarium. Disease severity on roots of subterranean clover, white clover, winter and summer vetch grown as cover crop and living mulch species across five European sites as well as the frequency, distribution and aggressiveness to pea of Fusarium spp. recovered from the roots were assessed in 2013 and 2014. Disease symptoms were very low at all sites. Nevertheless, out of 1480 asymptomatic roots, 670 isolates of 14 Fusarium spp. were recovered. The most frequently isolated species in both years from all hosts were F. oxysporum and F. avenaceum accounting for 69% of total isolation percentage. They were common at the Swiss, Italian and German sites, whereas at the Swedish site F. oxysporum dominated and F. avenaceum occurred only rarely. The agressiveness and effect on pea biomass were tested in greenhouse assays for 72 isolates of six Fusarium species. Isolates of F. avenaceum caused severe root rot symptoms with mean severity index (DI) of 82 and 74% mean biomass reduction compared to the non-inoculated control. Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani isolates were higly variable in agressiveness and their impact on pea biomass. DI varied between 15 and 50 and biomass changes relative to the non-inoculated control -40% to + 10%. Isolates of F. tricinctum, F. acuminatum and F. equiseti were non to weakly agressive often enhancing pea biomass. This study shows that some of the major pea pathogens are characterized by high ecological plasticity and have the ability to endophytically colonize the hosts studied that thus may serve as inoculum reservoir for susceptible main legume grain crops such as pea.
26.	Friberg, Hanna (författare) Survival of Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. A review 2013 Ingår i: Agronomy for Sustainable Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1774-0746 .- 1773-0155. ; 33, s. 97-111 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Wheat is one of the most cultivated crops worldwide. In 2010, 20 % of wheat and durum wheat were cultivated in Europe, 17 % in China and 9 % in Russia and in North America. Wheat yield can be highly decreased by several factors. In particular Fusarium graminearum Schwabe is a worldwide fungal pest impacting wheat production. F. graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight, root and stem-base rot of cereals. Losses caused by Fusarium head blight in Northern and Central America from 1998 to 2002 reached $2.7 billion. Moreover, F. graminearum produces mycotoxins which affect human and animal health. The threshold of these mycotoxins in foodstuffs is regulated in Europe since 2007. F. graminearum survives for several years saprotrophically in the soil, on dead organic matter, particularly on crop residues. F. graminearum adapts to a wide range of environmental variations, and produces extracellular enzymes allowing feeding on different crop residues. However, F. graminearum competes with other decomposers such as other Fusarium spp. belonging to the same complex of species. Actually, it is not known whether F. graminearum mycotoxins give F. graminearum a competitive advantage during the saprotrophic period. Anthropogenic factors including preceding crops, tillage system and weed management can alter the development of the soil biota, which in turn can change the saprotrophic development of F. graminearum and disease risk. We review the ecological requirements of F. graminearum saprotrophic persistence. The major conclusions are: (1) temperature, water, light and O-2 are key conditions for F. graminearum growth and the development of its sexual reproduction structures on crop residues, although the fungus can resist for a long time under extreme conditions. (2) F. graminearum survival is enhanced by high quantities of available crop residues and by rich residues, while sexual reproduction structures occur on poor residues. (3) F. graminearum is a poor competitor over time for residues decomposition. F. graminearum survival can be controlled by the enhancement of the decomposition processes by other organisms. In addition, the development of F. graminearum on crop residues can be limited by antagonistic fungi and soil animals growing at the expense of F. graminearum-infested residues. (4) Agricultural practices are key factors for the control of F. graminearum survival. A suitable crop rotation and an inversive tillage can limit the risk of Fusarium head blight development.
27.	Gyllensten, Hanna, 1979, et al. (författare) Comparing costs of illness of multiple sclerosis in three different years: A population-based study. 2018 Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0970 .- 1352-4585. ; 24:4, s. 520-528 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Little is known about changes in the costs of illness (COI) among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during recent years.To compare the COI among MS patients and matched controls in 2006, 2009, and 2012, respectively, indicating the costs attributable to the MS disease.Three cross-sectional datasets were analyzed, including all MS patients in Sweden aged 20-60years and five matched controls for each of them. The analyses were based on 10,531 MS patients and 52,655 matched controls for 2006, 11,722 and 58,610 individuals for 2009, and 12,789 and 63,945 for 2012. Nationwide registers, including prescription drug use, specialized healthcare, sick leave, and disability pension, were linked to estimate the prevalence-based COI.Adjusted for inflation, the average difference in COI between MS patients and matched controls were Swedish Krona (SEK) 243,751 (95% confidence interval: SEK 239,171-248,331) in 2006, SEK 238,971 (SEK 234,516-243,426) in 2009, and SEK 225,923 (SEK 221,630-230,218) in 2012. The difference in indirect costs were SEK 170,502 (SEK 166,478-174,525) in 2006, SEK 158,839 (SEK 154,953-162,726) in 2009, and SEK 141,280 (SEK 137,601-144,960) in 2012.The inflation-adjusted COI of MS patients was lower in 2012 than in 2006, in particular regarding indirect costs.
28.	Gyllensten, Hanna, et al. (författare) Comparing indirect costs of multiple sclerosis in three different years : A population-based study 2016 Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 26:Suppl. 1, s. 29- Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
29.	Gyllensten, Hanna, 1979, et al. (författare) Costs and quality of life by disability among people with multiple sclerosis : a register-based study in Sweden 2018 Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Experimental, Translational and Clinical. - : Sage Publications. - 2055-2173. ; 4:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Population-based estimates of costs of illness and health-related quality of life, by disability levels among people with multiple sclerosis, are lacking.Objectives: To estimate the annual costs of illness and health-related quality of life, by disability levels, among multiple sclerosis patients, 21-64 years of age.Methods: Microdata from Swedish nationwide registers were linked to estimate the prevalence-based costs of illness in 2013, including direct costs (prescription drug use and specialised healthcare) and indirect costs (calculated using sick leave and disability pension), and health-related quality of life (estimated from the EQ-5D). Disability level was measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).Results: Among 8906 multiple sclerosis patients, EDSS 0.0-3.5 and 7.0-9.5 were associated with mean indirect costs of SEK 117,609 and 461,357, respectively, whereas direct costs were similar between the categories (SEK 117,423 and 102,714, respectively). Prescription drug costs represented 40% of the costs of illness among multiple sclerosis patients with low EDSS, while among patients with high EDSS more than 80% were indirect costs. Among the 1684 individuals who had reported both EQ-5D and EDSS, the lowest health-related quality of life scores were found among those with a high EDSS.Conclusion: Among people with multiple sclerosis, we confirmed higher costs and lower health-related quality of life in higher disability levels, in particular high indirect costs.
30.	Gyllensten, Hanna, 1979, et al. (författare) Costs of illness of multiple sclerosis in Sweden : a population-based register study of people of working age 2018 Ingår i: European Journal of Health Economics. - : Springer. - 1618-7598 .- 1618-7601. ; 19:3, s. 435-446 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes work disability and healthcare resource use, but little is known about the distribution of the associated costs to society.OBJECTIVES: We estimated the cost of illness (COI) of working-aged individuals with MS, from the societal perspective, overall and in different groups.METHODS: A population-based study was conducted, using data linked from several nationwide registers, on 14,077 individuals with MS, aged 20-64 years and living in Sweden. Prevalence-based direct and indirect costs in 2010 were calculated, including costs for prescription drug use, specialized healthcare, sick leave, and disability pension.RESULTS: The estimated COI of all the MS patients were SEK 3950 million, of which 75% were indirect costs. MS was the main diagnosis for resource use, causing 38% of healthcare costs and 67% of indirect costs. The distribution of costs was skewed, in which less than 25% of the patients accounted for half the total COI.CONCLUSIONS: Indirect costs contributed to approximately 75% of the estimated overall COI of MS patients of working age in Sweden. MS was the main diagnosis for more than half of the estimated COI in this patient group. Further studies are needed to gain knowledge on development of costs over time during the MS disease course.
31.	Gyllensten, Hanna, et al. (författare) Costs of illness progression for different multiple sclerosis phenotypes : a population-based study in Sweden 2019 Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Experimental, Translational and Clinical. - : Sage Publications. - 2055-2173. ; 5:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BackgroundPopulation-based estimates of costs of illness and health-related quality of life, by disability levels among people with multiple sclerosis, are lacking.ObjectivesTo estimate the annual costs of illness and health-related quality of life, by disability levels, among multiple sclerosis patients, 21–64 years of age.MethodsMicrodata from Swedish nationwide registers were linked to estimate the prevalence-based costs of illness in 2013, including direct costs (prescription drug use and specialised healthcare) and indirect costs (calculated using sick leave and disability pension), and health-related quality of life (estimated from the EQ-5D). Disability level was measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).ResultsAmong 8906 multiple sclerosis patients, EDSS 0.0–3.5 and 7.0–9.5 were associated with mean indirect costs of SEK 117,609 and 461,357, respectively, whereas direct costs were similar between the categories (SEK 117,423 and 102,714, respectively). Prescription drug costs represented 40% of the costs of illness among multiple sclerosis patients with low EDSS, while among patients with high EDSS more than 80% were indirect costs. Among the 1684 individuals who had reported both EQ-5D and EDSS, the lowest health-related quality of life scores were found among those with a high EDSS.ConclusionAmong people with multiple sclerosis, we confirmed higher costs and lower health-related quality of life in higher disability levels, in particular high indirect costs.
32.	Hökeberg, Margareta, et al. (författare) Gamla regelverk bromsar utveckling av nya växtskydd 2017 Ingår i: Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; , s. 6-6 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
33.	Ihrmark, Katarina, et al. (författare) New primers to amplify the fungal ITS2 region–evaluation by 454‐sequencing of artificial and natural communities 2012 Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 82, s. 666-677 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
34.	Jonsson, Mattias, et al. (författare) Invasiva arter och samordning kring växtskydd i miljöövervakning för åkermark 2015 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
35.	Järnum, Hanna, et al. (författare) Diffusion and perfusion MRI of the brain in comatose patients treated with mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest: A prospective observational study. 2009 Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1570 .- 0300-9572. ; 80, s. 425-430 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Outcome for resuscitated cardiac arrest (CA) patients is poor. The 1-year survival rate with favourable neurological outcome (CPC 1-2) after out-of-hospital CA is reported to be 4%. Among resuscitated patients treated within an ICU, approximately 50% regain consciousness, whereas the other 50% remain comatose before they die. Induced hypothermia significantly improves the neurological outcome and survival in patients with primary CA who remain comatose after return of spontaneous circulation. AIM: To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in resuscitated CA patients remaining in coma after treatment with hypothermia. METHODS: This prospective, observational study comprised 20 resuscitated CA patients who remained in coma 3 days after being treated with mild hypothermia (32-34 degrees C during 24h). Diffusion and perfusion MRI of the entire brain was performed approximately 5 days after CA. Autopsy was done on two patients. RESULTS: The largest number of diffusion changes on MRI was found in the 16 patients who died. The parietal lobe showed the largest difference in number of acute ischaemic MRI lesions in deceased compared with surviving patients. Perfusion changes, >/=+/-2 SD compared with healthy volunteers from a previously published cerebral perfusion study, were found in seven out of eight patients. The autopsies showed lesions corresponding to the pathologic changes seen on MRI. CONCLUSION: Diffusion and perfusion MRI are potentially helpful tools for the evaluation of ischaemic brain damage in resuscitated comatose patients treated with hypothermia after CA.
36.	Karampampa, K., et al. (författare) Disease-modifying therapies and cost-of-illness progression among people newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis: a national register-based cohort study covering treatment initiation with interferons, glatiramer acetate or natalizumab 2023 Ingår i: Bmj Open. - 2044-6055. ; 13:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract ObjectivesDisease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can slow disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to explore the cost-of-illness (COI) progression among newly diagnosed people with MS in relation to the first DMT received.Design and settingA cohort study using data from nationwide registers in Sweden.ParticipantsPeople with MS (PwMS) in Sweden first diagnosed in 2006-2015, when aged 20-55, receiving first-line therapy with interferons (IFN), glatiramer acetate (GA) or natalizumab (NAT). They were followed up through 2016.Outcome measuresOutcomes (in Euros, euro) were: (1) secondary healthcare costs: specialised outpatient and inpatient care including out-of-pocket expenditure, DMTs including hospital-administered MS therapies, and prescribed drugs, and (2) productivity losses: sickness absence and disability pension. Descriptive statistics and Poisson regression were computed, adjusting for disability progression using the Expanded Disability Status Scale.Results3673 newly diagnosed PwMS who were treated with IFN (N=2696), GA (N=441) or NAT (N=536) were identified. Healthcare costs were similar for the INF and GA groups, while the NAT group had higher costs (p value<0.05), owing to DMT and outpatient costs. IFN had lower productivity losses than NAT and GA (p value>0.05), driven by fewer sickness absence days. NAT had a trend towards lower disability pension costs compared with GA (p value>0.05).ConclusionsSimilar trends over time for healthcare costs and productivity losses were identified across the DMT subgroups. PwMS on NAT maintained their work capacity for a longer time compared with those on GA, potentially leading to lower disability pension costs over time. COI serves as an objective measure to explore the importance of DMTs in maintaining low levels of progression of MS over time.
37.	Karampampa, K., et al. (författare) Early vs. late treatment initiation in multiple sclerosis and its impact on cost of illness: A register-based prospective cohort study in Sweden 2022 Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal-Experimental Translational and Clinical. - : SAGE Publications. - 2055-2173 .- 2055-2173. ; 8:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Early treatment with disease modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with lower disability progression; the aim was to explore its association with cost of illness (COI) in MS. Methods All people with relapsing-remitting MS in the Swedish MS register, aged 20-57 years and receiving their first MS DMT in 2006-2009, were followed in nationwide registers for 8 years. Healthcare costs (in- and outpatient healthcare, DMTs and other prescribed drugs), and productivity losses (sickness absence and disability pension) of individuals receiving therapy in <= 6 months after diagnosis (early treatment group) were compared to those receiving therapy >6 months (late treatment group). Using Poisson regressions, the mean COI per patient per year, and per group, was estimated, adjusted for disability progression. Results The early treatment group comprised 74% of the 1562 individuals included in the study. The early treatment group had lower productivity losses over time. Both groups had similar healthcare costs, which first increased and then decreased over time. Conclusions Early DMT in MS could result in lower productivity losses possibly through maintained work capacity. COI serves as an objective measure showing the advantage of early vs. late treatment initiation in MS.
38.	Karampampa, Korinna, et al. (författare) Healthcare, Sickness Absence, and Disability Pension Cost Trajectories in the First 5 Years After Diagnosis with Multiple Sclerosis: A Prospective Register-Based Cohort Study in Sweden. 2020 Ingår i: PharmacoEconomics - open. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2509-4254 .- 2509-4262. ; 4, s. 91-103 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim was to longitudinally explore the healthcare, sickness absence (SA), and disability pension (DP) cost trajectories among newly diagnosed people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and investigate whether trajectories differ by year of MS diagnosis, sociodemographics, and multi-morbidity.People with MS in Sweden, aged 25-60years and with a new MS diagnosis in the years 2006, 2007, 2008, or 2009 (four different cohorts) were identified in nationwide registers and followed prospectively for 5years, determining the annual, per patient, direct (inpatient and specialised outpatient healthcare, co-payments, and dispensed drugs) and indirect (SA and DP) costs. Descriptive statistics and group-based trajectories were computed.In total, 3272 people with new MS were identified. In all cohorts, direct costs increased the year after diagnosis and thereafter declined (e.g. from €8261 to €9128, and to €7953, 5years after diagnosis, for the 2006 cohort). SA costs continuously decreased over 5years, while DP costs increased (e.g. from €9795 to €2778 vs. from €7277 to €15,989, respectively, for the 2006 cohort). When pooling all cohorts, four trajectories of direct and indirect costs were identified. A total of 32.1% of people with MS had high direct and indirect costs, which first increased and then decreased; the contrary was seen for trajectories with low direct and indirect costs.There is heterogeneity in the development of MS costs over time after diagnosis; decreasing cost trajectories could be associated with the use of innovative MS therapies, slowing disease progression over time.
39.	Karlsson, Ida, et al. (författare) Agricultural factors affecting Fusarium communities in wheat kernels 2017 Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 252, s. 53-60 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of cereals caused by Fusarium fungi. The disease is of great economic importance especially owing to reduced grain quality due to contamination by a range of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium. Disease control and prediction is difficult because of the many Fusarium species associated with FHB. Different species may respond differently to control methods and can have both competitive and synergistic interactions. Therefore, it is important to understand how agricultural practices affect Fusarium at the community level.Lower levels of Fusariwn mycotoxin contamination of organically produced cereals compared with conventionally produced have been reported, but the causes of these differences are not well understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of agricultural factors on Fusarium abundance and community composition in different cropping systems. Winter wheat kernels were collected from 18 organically and conventionally cultivated fields in Sweden, paired based on their geographical distance and the wheat cultivar grown. We characterised the Fusarium community in harvested wheat kernels using 454 sequencing of translation elongation factor 1-alpha amplicons. In addition, we quantified Fusariwn spp. using real-time PCR to reveal differences in biomass between fields.We identified 12 Fusariwn operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with a median of 4.5 OTUs per field. Fusarium graminearum was the most abundant species, while F. avenaceum had the highest occurrence. The abundance of Fusariwn spp. ranged two orders of magnitude between fields. Two pairs of Fusariurt species co-occurred between fields: F. poae with F. tricinctwn and F. culmorwn with F. sporofrichoides. We could not detect any difference in Fusariwn communities between the organic and conventional systems. However, agricultural intensity, measured as the number of pesticide applications and the amount of nitrogen fertiliser applied, had an impact on Fusariwn communities, specifically increasing the abundance of F. tricinctwn. There were geographical differences in the Fusarium community composition where F. graminearwn was more abundant in the western part of Sweden. The application of amplicon sequencing provided a comprehensive view of the Fusarium community in cereals. This gives us better opportunities to understand the ecology of Fusarium spp., which is important in order to limit FHB and mycotoxin contamination in cereals.
40.	Karlsson, Ida, et al. (författare) Fungicide Effects on Fungal Community Composition in the Wheat Phyllosphere 2014 Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The fungicides used to control diseases in cereal production can have adverse effects on non-target fungi, with possible consequences for plant health and productivity. This study examined fungicide effects on fungal communities on winter wheat leaves in two areas of Sweden. High-throughput 454 sequencing of the fungal ITS2 region yielded 235 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the species level from the 18 fields studied. It was found that commonly used fungicides had moderate but significant effect on fungal community composition in the wheat phyllosphere. The relative abundance of several saprotrophs was altered by fungicide use, while the effect on common wheat pathogens was mixed. The fungal community on wheat leaves consisted mainly of basidiomycete yeasts, saprotrophic ascomycetes and plant pathogens. A core set of six fungal OTUs representing saprotrophic species was identified. These were present across all fields, although overall the difference in OTU richness was large between the two areas studied.
41.	Karlsson, Ida, et al. (författare) Fusarium Head Blight From a Microbiome Perspective 2021 Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 12 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract The fungal genus Fusarium causes several diseases in cereals, including Fusarium head blight (FHB). A number of Fusarium species are involved in disease development and mycotoxin contamination. Lately, the importance of interactions between plant pathogens and the plant microbiome has been increasingly recognized. In this review, we address the significance of the cereal microbiome for the development of Fusarium-related diseases. Fusarium fungi may interact with the host microbiome at multiple stages during their life cycles and in different plant organs including roots, stems, leaves, heads, and crop residues. There are interactions between Fusarium and other fungi and bacteria as well as among Fusarium species. Recent studies have provided a map of the cereal microbiome and revealed how different biotic and abiotic factors drive microbiome assembly. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the cereal microbiome and the implications for Fusarium infection, FHB development, disease control, and mycotoxin contamination. Although annual and regional variations in predominant species are significant, much research has focused on Fusarium graminearum. Surveying the total Fusarium community in environmental samples is now facilitated with novel metabarcoding methods. Further, infection with multiple Fusarium species has been shown to affect disease severity and mycotoxin contamination. A better mechanistic understanding of such multiple infections is necessary to be able to predict the outcome in terms of disease development and mycotoxin production. The knowledge on the composition of the cereal microbiome under different environmental and agricultural conditions is growing. Future studies are needed to clearly link microbiome structure to Fusarium suppression in order to develop novel disease management strategies for example based on conservation biological control approaches.
42.	Karlsson, Ida, et al. (författare) Genus-Specific Primers for Study of Fusarium Communities in Field Samples 2016 Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 82, s. 491-501 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Fusarium is a large and diverse genus of fungi of great agricultural and economic importance, containing many plant pathogens and mycotoxin producers. To date, high-throughput sequencing of Fusarium communities has been limited by the lack of genus-specific primers targeting regions with high discriminatory power at the species level. In the present study, we evaluated two Fusarium- specific primer pairs targeting translation elongation factor 1 (TEF1). We also present the new primer pair Fa+7/Ra+6. Mock Fusarium communities reflecting phylogenetic diversity were used to evaluate the accuracy of the primers in reflecting the relative abundance of the species. TEF1 amplicons were subjected to 454 high-throughput sequencing to characterize Fusarium communities. Field samples from soil and wheat kernels were included to test the method on more-complex material. For kernel samples, a single PCR was sufficient, while for soil samples, nested PCR was necessary. The newly developed primer pairs Fa+7/Ra+6 and Fa/Ra accurately reflected Fusarium species composition in mock DNA communities. In field samples, 47 Fusarium operational taxonomic units were identified, with the highest Fusarium diversity in soil. The Fusarium community in soil was dominated by members of the Fusarium incarnatum-Fusarium equiseti species complex, contradicting findings in previous studies. The method was successfully applied to analyze Fusarium communities in soil and plant material and can facilitate further studies of Fusarium ecology.
43.	Karlsson, Ida, et al. (författare) Organic farming increases richness of fungal taxa in the wheat phyllosphere 2017 Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 26, s. 3424-3436 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Organic farming is often advocated as an approach to mitigate biodiversity loss on agricultural land. The phyllosphere provides a habitat for diverse fungal communities that are important for plant health and productivity. However, it is still unknown how organic farming affects the diversity of phyllosphere fungi in major crops. We sampled wheat leaves from 22 organically and conventionally cultivated fields in Sweden, paired based on their geographical location and wheat cultivar. Fungal communities were described using amplicon sequencing and real-time PCR. Species richness was higher on wheat leaves from organically managed fields, with a mean of 54 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) compared with 40 OTUs for conventionally managed fields. The main components of the fungal community were similar throughout the 350-km-long sampling area, and seven OTUs were present in all fields: Zymoseptoria, Dioszegia fristingensis, Cladosporium, Dioszegia hungarica, Cryptococcus, Ascochyta and Dioszegia. Fungal abundance was highly variable between fields, 10(3)-10(5) internal transcribed spacer copies per ng wheat DNA, but did not differ between cropping systems. Further analyses showed that weed biomass was the strongest explanatory variable for fungal community composition and OTU richness. These findings help provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effect of organic farming on the diversity of organism groups in different habitats within the agroecosystem.
44.	Karlsson, Salome, et al. (författare) Patients’ Experiences and Perceptions of Recovering from Anorexia Nervosa While Having Contact with Psychiatric Care : A Literature Review and Narrative Synthesis of Qualitative Studies 2021 Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 42:8, s. 709-719 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious disease which is difficult to treat. Little is known about the recovery from AN, and therefore, this review's aim was to review and synthesise patients' experiences and perceptions of what is meaningful for recovery from anorexia nervosa while having contact with psychiatric care. Cinahl, PubMed, and PsycINFO were systematically searched, and 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Three themes were identified: Being in a trustful and secure care relationship, Finding oneself again, and Being in an engaging and personal treatment. Efforts supporting staff learning and person-centred care should be emphasised and researched further.
45.	Lajunen, Hanna, et al. (författare) Quasi-stationary plane-wave optical pulses and the van Cittert-Zernike theorem in time 2006 Ingår i: Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision. - 1084-7529. ; 23:10, s. 2530-2537 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We study the properties of quasi-stationary, partially coherent, plane-wave optical pulses in the space-time and space-frequency domains. A generalized van Cittert-Zernike theorem in time is derived to describe the propagation of the coherence function of quasi-stationary pulses. The theory is applied to rectangular pulses chopped from a stationary light source, and the evolution characteristics of such pulse trains with different states of coherence are discussed and illustrated with numerical examples.
46.	Larsson, Hanna, 1981-, et al. (författare) Perioperative routines and surgical techniques for saphenous vein harvesting in CABG surgery : a national cross-sectional study in Sweden 2020 Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1749-8090. ; 15:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: The saphenous vein is the most commonly used conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Wound healing complications related to saphenous vein harvesting are common, with reported surgical site infection rates ranging from 2 to 20%. Patients' risk factors, perioperative hygiene routines, and surgical technique play important roles in wound complications. Here we describe the perioperative routines and surgical methods of Swedish operating theatre (OT) nurses and cardiac surgeons.METHODS: A national cross-sectional survey with descriptive design was conducted to evaluate perioperative hygiene routines and surgical methods associated with saphenous vein harvesting in CABG. A web-based questionnaire was sent to OT nurses and cardiac surgeons at all eight hospitals performing CABG surgery in Sweden.RESULTS: Responses were received from all hospitals. The total response rate was 62/119 (52%) among OT nurses and 56/111 (50%) among surgeons. Chlorhexidine 5 mg/mL in 70% ethanol was used at all eight hospitals. The OT nurses almost always (96.8%) performed the preoperative skin disinfection, usually for three to 5 minutes. Chlorhexidine was also commonly used before dressing the wound. Conventional technique was used by 78.6% of the surgeons, "no-touch" by 30.4%, and both techniques by 9%. None of the surgeons used endoscopic vein harvesting. Type of suture and technique used for closing the wound differed markedly between the centres.CONCLUSIONS: In this article we present insights into the hygiene routines and surgical methods currently used by OT nurses and cardiac surgeons in Sweden. The results indicate both similarities and differences between the centres. Local traditions might be the most important factors in determining which procedures are employed in the OT. There is a lack of evidence-based hygiene routines and surgical methods.
47.	Larsson, Hanna, 1981-, et al. (författare) Risk factors for infection at the saphenous vein harvest site after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery : a retrospective cohort study 2024 Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1749-8090. ; 19:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract INTRODUCTION: Surgical site infection after saphenous vein harvest is common, with reported leg wound infection rates ranging from 2 to 24%. There have been few investigations into sex-related differences in complication rates. Moreover, varied effects of smoking have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors such as gender and smoking, associated with surgical site infection after vein graft harvesting in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.METHODS: We included 2,188 consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery with at least one vein graft at our centre from 2009 to 2018. All patients were followed up postoperatively. Risk factors for leg wound infection requiring antibiotic treatment and surgical revision were analysed using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: In total, 374 patients (17.1%) received antibiotic treatment and 154 (7.0%) underwent surgical revision for leg wound infection at the harvest site. Female sex, high body mass index, diabetes mellitus, longer operation time, peripheral vascular disease and direct oral anticoagulants were independently associated with any leg wound infection at the harvest site. Among surgically revised patients, female sex and insulin or oral treatment for diabetes mellitus as well as longer operation time were independent risk factors. Smoking was not associated with leg wound infection.CONCLUSION: Female sex is associated with increased risk of leg wound infection. The underlying mechanism is unknown. In the current population, previous or current smoking was not associated with an increased risk of leg wound infection.
48.	Larsson, Mattias, et al. (författare) Fokusprojekt Raps och avbrottsgrödor 2020 Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Fokusgruppen Raps och avbrottsgrödor inriktades på förväntade utmaningar för växtskyddet mot patogener, skadedjur och ogräs i avbrotts- och mellangrödor. Avbrottsgrödor odlas som omväxlingsgrödor till huvudgrödorna i en växtföljd, för att bryta uppförökningen av skadeorganismer eller bidra med andra positiva effekter som till exempel jordförbättring och näringsämnen. Fokusgruppen innehöll representanter för myndigheter, näringsliv och forskare. På den första workshopen beslutade gruppen att det fortsatta arbetet skulle fokuseras på på grödor från kål- och ärtväxter. I en fördjupad kunskapssammanställning fokuserade vi specifikt på de största växtskyddsutmaningarna för tre grödor: raps, åkerböna och ärter.De viktigaste slutsatserna fokusgruppen har kommit fram till är:• Ökad odling av många avbrotts- och mellangrödor kan förväntas ge högre risk för uppförökning av skadeorganismer. Förväntad minskad tillgång på verksamma och godkända bekämpningsmedel mot insekter, sjukdomar och ogräs gör det till en stor utmaning att möta dessa förväntade hot.• Resistensutveckling hos skadegörare bör motverkas med väl genomtänkt användning av kemiska bekämpningsmedel, bl a genom bättre tillämpat integrerat växtskydd med fokus på växtföljdsplanering, utarbetande och uppdatering av bekämpningströsklar och andra sammanhållna bekämpningsstrategier.• Det finns stora kunskapsluckor vad gäller den grundläggande biologin hos flera viktiga skadegörare som angriper kål- och ärtväxter. Det gäller till exempel vissa patogener, för vilka faktiska kunskaper om diagnos, verklig förekomst och förorsakade skördeförluster är eftersatta, men även insektsskadegörare som till exempel bönsmygen.• Skadeorganismers spridningsmönster och möjligheter att angripa olika värdar är en grundläggande biologisk egenskap som bör studeras noggrannare för att förstå bekämpningsbehovet och ge möjligheter att minimera spridning och uppförökning. Lantbrukares faktiska möjligheter till fysisk planering för att minska uppförökning kan dock vara begränsade och lösningar bör undersökas och anpassas till rådande förhållanden.• Odlingssystemens utformning för att minska påverkan av ogräs behöver studeras. Kemisk bekämpning kan reduceras eller kompletteras genom integrerat växtskydd med konkurrensstarka grödor, växtföljder och jordbearbetning som långsiktigt minskar biomassan och frösättningen hos ogräs.• Betydelsen av och möjligheten att aktivt gynna biologisk mångfald bör studeras mer. Till exempel, bör effekter av naturliga fiender studeras ytterligare, då predation har betydelse för skadedjur såväl som ogräsfröer. En ökad biologisk mångfald påverkar också pollinering av viktiga grödor. Det gäller både studier av faktiska näringsvävar och landskapsutformningens och odlingssystemens betydelse för att gynna naturliga fiender.• Resistensförädling har stor potential inom hållbart växtskydd framför allt mot olika patogener men även mot insekter. Resistensegenskaper hos olika grödor behöver kartläggas. Resistensförädling är tids- och resurskrävande, vilket gör att koordinering och samordningsmöjligheter är nödvändiga.
49.	Lundgren, Dan, et al. (författare) The use of a new bioresorbable barrier for guided bone regeneration in connection with implant installation. Case reports. 1994 Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - 0905-7161. ; 5:3, s. 177-84 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This report presents 4 cases with 6 implant exposures after the installation of Brånemark System implants which called for treatment applying the guided bone regeneration technique. A bioresorbable barrier (GUIDOR Matrix Barrier) was used to cover the defects, 4 defects with and 2 without the support of autologous bone chips. Complete bone filling was found in 4 (2 without and 2 with bone chips) and partial filling in 2 (with bone chips) of the treated defects, as registered at the abutment connection 6-7 months after surgery. Besides its ability to serve as a barrier for guided bone regeneration, it was found that the matrix barrier had the following properties; biocompatibility observed as uneventful tissue healing, malleability facilitating the clinical handling and ability to be resorbed within 6 to 7 months, as evaluated by clinical inspection. The observations of the present case reports indicate that the tested barrier may be used for guided bone regeneration in connection with implant installation. It is advisable, however, to use a supporting material to prevent barrier collapse, although bone regeneration can be achieved in certain situations without such material if the defect morphology is favourable.
50.	Lundin, Ola, et al. (författare) Odlingssystem med hållbart växtskydd 2022 Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract I ett odlingssystem med hållbart växtskydd tas hänsyn till ekologiska, ekonomiska och sociala konsekvenser av de växtskyddsstrategier som används. Det innebär bland annat att man eftersträvar minimerade skördeförluster på grund av skadegörare och ogräs, en så liten negativ påverkan av insatserna som möjligt på människor, djur och miljö, och en produktion som är konkurrenskraftig, lönsam och säker ur ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv. I den här rapporten sammanställs information om hållbara odlingssystem avseende växtskydd, med det övergripande syftet att ge en ökad insikt i var vi befinner oss idag vad gäller odlingssystem med hållbart växtskydd, och vilka åtgärder och insatser som behövs för att ta fler steg mot ökad hållbarhet. Rapporten fokuserar på svensk växtproduktion inom jordbruk och i viss mån trädgårdsodling, men inte skogsbruk, prydnadsväxter eller fritidsodling.Många rapporter och studier om hållbart växtskydd har fokuserat på ekonomisk och ekologisk hållbarhet, men de som även inkluderar social hållbarhet har ökat på senare år. De exakta definitionerna och vad som inkluderas skiljer sig åt mellan olika studier och rapporter vilket påverkar slutsatserna. Vi har inte funnit studier som skattar växtskyddets hållbarhet i Sverige jämfört med andra länder. Däremot finns det jämförelser för enstaka grödor eller enskilda aspekter av växtskydd, och sammanställningar av hur växtskyddsmedel används i olika länder.Indikatorer för att skatta hållbarheten är ett viktigt verktyg i arbetet för en ökad hållbarhet. De indikatorer som för närvarande används inom växtskyddsområdet är framför allt kopplade till användningen av och risker med växtskyddsmedel. Vi bedömer att en mer komplett skattning av hållbart växtskydd behövs, och föreslår att utvecklingen av följande nya indikatorer prioriteras:Indikatorer för skadegörare, skördebortfall och evolutionär hållbarhetIndikatorer för åkermarkens biologiska mångfaldIndikatorer för växtskyddets sociala hållbarhet, såsom kunskapsnivå och förtroende.I rapporten presenterar vi förslag på förändringar i odlingssystemet för att stärka hållbarheten: förebyggande åtgärder på landskapsnivå och fältnivå, direkta åtgärder samt åtgärder som rör rådgivning, utbildning och samverkan. Vi lyfter särskilt följande fyra mer generella slutsatser:Diversifiering i form av en ökad odlad mångfald stärker växtskyddets hållbarhet. Vi föreslår att diversifiering stöds ekonomiskt och att det utreds ytterligare hur sådana stöd ska utformas i praktiken.Hållbart växtskydd stärks med kunskapsförmedling och samverkan. Vi föreslår därför att kunskapsvägarna och samverkan om växtskydd i Sverige kartläggs systematiskt. Vi föreslår också en ökad satsning på forskning och samverkan inom växtskydd.Ingen enskild åtgärd kommer göra växtskyddet hållbart. Ett mer integrerat växtskydd kommer kräva forskningssamarbete över ämnesgränser. Speciellt behövs det forskning som inte enbart ser till specifika skadegörare eller ogräs i enskilda grödor utan istället fokuserar på att utveckla hållbara strategier för växtskydd i hela odlingssystem som också är långsiktigt hållbara utifrån andra aspekter än växtskydd.Innovationskraft för nya växtskyddsstrategier. I en framtid med minskad tillgång på kemiska växtskyddsmedel behövs alternativa riktade åtgärder mot särskilt problematiska ogräs och skadegörare. Även innovationer på gårdsnivå är av stort värde och bör stimuleras. Det kan ske såväl genom direkta stimulansmedel som genom en väl genomtänkt utformning av regler och stöd.Dagens och framtidens jordbruk ska leverera livsmedel och andra förnödenheter till en växande och mer välmående befolkning i ett förändrat klimat och med en förväntat fortsatt minskad tillgång till kemiska växtskyddsmedel, utan bestående negativa miljökonsekvenser. Det är en stor och viktig uppgift som kommer att göra satsningar på hållbart växtskydd nödvändiga.

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