| 1. |
- Kraus, Ludwig, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal Changes in Alcohol-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Germany
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 21:5, s. 262-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Trends in morbidity and mortality, fully or partially attributable to alcohol, for adults aged 18-64 were assessed for Germany. Methods: The underestimation of population exposure was corrected by triangulating survey data with per capita consumption. Alcohol-attributable fractions by sex and two age groups were estimated for major disease categories causally linked to alcohol. Absolute numbers, population rates and proportions relative to all hospitalizations and deaths were calculated. Results: Trends of 100% alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality over thirteen and eighteen years, respectively, show an increase in rates of hospitalizations and a decrease in mortality rates. Comparisons of alcohol-attributable morbidity including diseases partially caused by alcohol revealed an increase in hospitalization rates between 2006 and 2012. The proportion of alcohol-attributable hospitalizations remained constant. Rates of alcohol-attributable mortality and the proportion among all deaths decreased. Conclusions: The increasing trend in mortality due to alcohol until the mid-1990s has reversed. The constant proportion of all hospitalizations that were attributable to alcohol indicates that factors such as improved treatment and easier health care access may have influenced the general increase in all-cause morbidity. To further reduce alcohol-related mortality, efforts in reducing consumption and increasing treatment utilization are needed.
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| 2. |
- Markoulli, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia : Epidemiology and impact
- 2024
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Ingår i: Contact lens & anterior eye. - : Elsevier. - 1367-0484 .- 1476-5411.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured 'functional' presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. Risk factors for early onset of presbyopia included environmental factors, nutrition, near demands, refractive error, accommodative dysfunction, medications, certain health conditions and sleep. Presbyopia was found to impact on quality-of-life, in particular quality of vision, labour force participation, work productivity and financial burden, mental health, social wellbeing and physical health. Current understanding makes it clear that presbyopia is a very common age-related condition that has significant impacts on both patient-reported outcome measures and economics. However, there are complexities in defining presbyopia for epidemiological and impact studies. Standardisation of definitions will assist future synthesis, pattern analysis and sense-making between studies.
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| 3. |
- Rehm, Jürgen, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of and potential influencing factors for alcohol dependence in Europe
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 21:1, s. 6-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and alcohol dependence (AD)in particular, are prevalent and associated with a large burdenof disability and mortality. The aim of this study wasto estimate prevalence of AD in the European Union (EU), Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland for the year 2010, and toinvestigate potential influencing factors. The 1-year prevalenceof AD in the EU was estimated at 3.4% among people18–64 years of age in Europe (women 1.7%, men 5.2%), resultingin close to 11 million affected people. Taking into accountall people of all ages, AD, abuse and harmful use resultedin an estimate of 23 million affected people. Prevalenceof AD varied widely between European countries, andwas significantly impacted by drinking cultures and socialnorms. Correlations with level of drinking and other drinking variables and with major known outcomes of heavy drinking,such as liver cirrhosis or injury, were moderate. Theseresults suggest a need to rethink the definition of AUDs.
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