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Sökning: WFRF:(Friman Ola)

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1.
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2.
  • Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al. (författare)
  • Interventional treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours.
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Digestion. - 0012-2823. ; 62 Suppl 1, s. 59-68
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neuroendocrine (NE) tumours of the gastrointestinal tract (carcinoids and endocrine pancreatic tumours) are rare diseases. In the presence of liver metastases these patients may suffer from disabling symptoms due to hormone overproduction. Patients with localized disease can be resected for cure and also patients with liver metastases can undergo potentially curative tumour resection. However, long-term follow-up of the latter cases indicates frequent recurrence of tumour. Using close biochemical monitoring of tumour markers combined with newer techniques for tumour visualization, these recurrences can often be diagnosed at an early stage so that repeat surgical procedures can be performed. During the last years very active surgery has been recommended for NE tumours, many of which have a relatively slow growth. Even in patients not amenable to curative liver surgery, debulking can be considered if the main tumour burden can be safely excised. The primary aim of this type of treatment is palliation of hormonal symptoms. An important question is whether the aggressive treatment actually prolongs survival. No prospective studies have been performed. Such studies are hampered by the lack of strict surgical programs running over long periods and the relative rarity of NE tumours. Liver transplantation may be another treatment modality in selected cases.
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3.
  • Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al. (författare)
  • Liver transplantation for treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - 0077-8923. ; 1014, s. 265-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Liver transplantation can be considered a therapeutic option for patients with neuroendocrine tumors only metastatic to the liver. Important selection criteria are well-differentiated tumors and a low proliferation rate (Ki67 <10%). In this series, orthopic liver transplantation offered good relief of symptoms and long disease-free intervals with initial survival of grafts and patients as in benign disease. The experience with multivisceral transplantation is still limited.
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4.
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5.
  • Bergman, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Safety and efficacy of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in five groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls in a prospective open-label clinical trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 74
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Patients with immunocompromised disorders have mainly been excluded from clinical trials of vaccination against COVID-19. Thus, the aim of this prospective clinical trial was to investigate safety and efficacy of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in five selected groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls.Methods: 539 study subjects (449 patients and 90 controls) were included. The patients had either primary (n=90), or secondary immunodeficiency disorders due to human immunodeficiency virus infection (n=90), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation/CAR T cell therapy (n=90), solid organ transplantation (SOT) (n=89), or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (n=90). The primary endpoint was seroconversion rate two weeks after the second dose. The secondary endpoints were safety and documented SARS-CoV-2 infection.Findings: Adverse events were generally mild, but one case of fatal suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction occurred. 72.2% of the immunocompromised patients seroconverted compared to 100% of the controls (p=0.004). Lowest seroconversion rates were found in the SOT (43.4%) and CLL (63.3%) patient groups with observed negative impact of treatment with mycophenolate mofetil and ibrutinib, respectively.Interpretation: The results showed that the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine was safe in immunocompromised patients. Rate of seroconversion was substantially lower than in healthy controls, with a wide range of rates and antibody titres among predefined patient groups and subgroups. This clinical trial highlights the need for additional vaccine doses in certain immunocompromised patient groups to improve immunity.
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6.
  • Borga, Magnus, 1965-, et al. (författare)
  • A canonical correlation approach to exploratory data analysis in fMRI
  • 2002
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • A computationally efficient data-driven method for exploratory analysis of functional MRI data is presented. The basic idea is to reveal underlying components in the fMRI data that have maximum autocorrelation. The tool for accomplishing this task is Canonical Correlation Analysis. The proposed method is more robust and much more computationally efficient than independent component analysis, which previously has been applied in fMRI.
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7.
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8.
  • Eklund, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • A GPU accelerated interactive interface for exploratory functional connectivity analysis of FMRI data
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Image Processing (ICIP), 2011. - : IEEE. - 9781457713040 ; , s. 1589-1592
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Functional connectivity analysis is a way to investigate how different parts of the brain are connected and interact. A common measure of connectivity is the temporal correlation between a reference voxel time series and all the other time series in a functional MRI data set. An fMRI data set generally contains more than 20,000 within-brain voxels, making a complete correlation analysis between all possible combinations of voxels heavy to compute, store, visualize and explore. In this paper, a GPU-accelerated interactive tool for investigating functional connectivity in fMRI data is presented. A reference voxel can be moved by the user and the correlations to all other voxels are calculated in real-time using the graphics processing unit (GPU). The resulting correlation map is updated in real-time and visualized as a 3D volume rendering together with a high resolution anatomical volume. This tool greatly facilitates the search for interesting connectivity patterns in the brain.
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9.
  • Eklund, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Comparing fMRI Activity Maps from GLM and CCA at the Same Significance Level by Fast Random Permutation Tests on the GPU
  • 2011
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Parametric statistical methods are traditionally employed in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for identifying areas in the brain that are active with a certain degree of statistical significance. These parametric methods, however, have two major drawbacks. First, it isassumed that the observed data are Gaussian distributed and independent; assumptions that generally are not valid for fMRI data. Second, the statistical test distribution can be derived theoretically only for very simple linear detection statistics. In this work it is shown how the computational power of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) can be used to speedup non-parametric tests, such as random permutation tests. With random permutation tests it is possible to calculate significance thresholds for any test statistics. As an example, fMRI activity maps from the General Linear Model (GLM) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) are compared at the same significance level.
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10.
  • Eriksson, Jesper, et al. (författare)
  • Temporal patterns of organ dysfunction after severe trauma
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Critical Care. - : Springer Nature. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 25:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Understanding temporal patterns of organ dysfunction (OD) may aid early recognition of complications after trauma and assist timing and modality of treatment strategies. Our aim was to analyse and characterise temporal patterns of OD in intensive care unit-admitted trauma patients. Methods We used group-based trajectory modelling to identify temporal trajectories of OD after trauma. Modelling was based on the joint development of all six subdomains comprising the sequential organ failure assessment score measured daily during the first two weeks post trauma. Further, the time for trajectories to stabilise and transition to final group assignments were evaluated. Results Six-hundred and sixty patients were included in the final model. Median age was 40 years, and median ISS was 26 (IQR 17-38). We identified five distinct trajectories of OD. Group 1, mild OD (n = 300), median ISS of 20 (IQR 14-27), had an early resolution of OD and a low mortality. Group 2, moderate OD (n = 135), and group 3, severe OD (n = 87), were fairly similar in admission characteristics and initial OD but differed in subsequent OD trajectories, the latter experiencing an extended course and higher mortality. In group 3, 56% of the patients developed sepsis as compared with 19% in group 2. Group 4, extreme OD (n = 40), received most blood transfusions, had the highest proportion of shock at admission and a median ISS of 41 (IQR 29-50). They experienced significant and sustained OD affecting all organ systems and a 28-day mortality of 30%. Group 5, traumatic brain injury with OD (n = 98), had the highest mortality of 35% and the shortest time to death for non-survivors, median 3.5 (IQR 2.4-4.8) days. Groups 1 and 5 reached their final group assignment early, > 80% of the patients within 48 h. In contrast, groups 2 and 3 had a prolonged time to final group assignment. Conclusions We identified five distinct trajectories of OD after severe trauma during the first two weeks post-trauma. Our findings underline the heterogeneous course after trauma and describe some potentially important clinical insights that are suggested by the groupings and temporal trajectories.
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11.
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12.
  • Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Getting the NAMA Registry’s flawed incentive structure right
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Annual Status Report on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 2014. - Petten and Cologne : ECN and Ecofys. ; , s. 32-33
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This report is prepared and published as part of the MitigationMomentum project, a collaboration between ECN Policy Studies and Ecofys Germany. The project aims to support the development of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) by contributing to the concrete development of NAMA proposals, and foster cooperation and knowledge exchange within the NAMA community.The UNFCCC NAMA Registry will most likely become asidelined remnant in the future NAMA landscape unlessthe flawed incentive structure for making submissions isaddressed. The main disincentive for filing NAMAs in theRegistry is plain: its matching function is failing, so far.The potential of the Registry as a site of learning, trustbuilding and efficiency will be hard to realize withoutaddressing this disincentive.Here, we suggest ideas to actualize the Registry intoa central node for both matching NAMA proposalswith support and information sharing. We centre theargument on making the Registry a submission portalfor NAMAs seeking support. The suggestions imply anumber of consequential issues that we also outline inbrief.
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13.
  • Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980- (författare)
  • Historical responsibility : Assessing the past in international climate negotiations
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Assessments of the past are essential to the struggle over the right to define the normative position of history under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Despite this importance, attempts to analyze the use of history in this context are rare. This thesis aims to investigate how assessments of the past are used in UNFCCC negotiations on responsibilities to act, focusing on negotiations on historical responsibilities. The research questions concern how discourse on historical responsibility: 1) can be structured, 2) is influenced by UNFCCC negotiating practice, 3) has been structured in the UNFCCC, and 4) has enabled agreement despite considerable conflict. Official UNFCCC documentation between 1991 and 2011 was studied using discourse analysis. This study suggests: first, the UNFCCC discourse on historical responsibility conveys two main assessments—a proportional and a conceptual one—of how the past could be used to differentiate responsibilities to act. Second, the strong consensus focus necessitates rationales underlying an “agreeable history” that is neither too flexible, allowing arbitrariness, nor too rigid, reducing Parties’ likelihood of ratifying. Third, as the past evolves, new situations challenge discourse that potentially engages policy makers with a need to rearticulate history. Fourth, if the context changes, so may the importance ascribed to particular assessments of the past. If the stakes increase over time, even more effort is required to reach agreement, which simultaneously becomes more important in solving problems of common concern. Fifth, power seems difficult to circumvent, even by means of cleverly designed negotiating practice. If so, multilateral environmental negotiations could increase the legitimacy of outcomes among Parties in two principal ways: first, by identifying the core conflict that drives negotiations and, second, by evaluating how multilateral environmental negotiations handle conflict. Obscuring or ignoring conflict will likely only reduce the legitimacy of the negotiations. 
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14.
  • Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Supporting Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions through the Green Climate Fund : Governance capacities and challenges
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Forum on Development and Mitigation, Cape Town 2014. - Cape Town : Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town. - 9780620596930 ; , s. 65-77
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Green Climate Fund (GCF), the new operating entity under the Financial Mechanism of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, is emerging as an innovative multilateral climate finance institution. Among other things, it is commissioned to support developing countries’ project-based and programmatic pursuits to address climate change, including Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). Promising as these ambitions may be, the GCF’s effectiveness in supporting NAMAs hinges on overcoming significant governance challenges. Using perspectives from international environmental law and governance literature, this paper identifies some crucial governance challenges and analyses the capacities granted to the GCF Board in dealing with them. Developed countries expect that support will lead to measured emissions reductions. Developing countries prefer stringent monitoring of support while hesitating to agree on internationally defined NAMA criteria. The GCF will struggle with this balancing act. Absence of concrete criteria for deciding on NAMA support may prompt potential funders to seek other channels for supporting NAMAs. On the other hand, too-rigid criteria may discourage developing countries from submitting NAMA proposals. For the GCF to be effective in incentivising development and diffusion of NAMAs, we argue that the contracting Parties to the Convention will have to forge an institution that has the capacity to balance diverging expectations on NAMAs. Our analysis indicates that the GCF Board has the governance capacity to efficiently deal with this challenging balancing act. Inability to exercise this capacity may result in establishing a strong empty shell for supporting NAMAs.
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15.
  • Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Technologies confining equity : the case of historical responsibility in UNFCCC negotiations
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Technologies of Nature Politics, 2006.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The concept of historical responsibility aims at attributing individual country burdens in mitigating climate change based on the relative levels of past emissions. Brazil presented the first comprehensive version of the concept of historical responsibility before the pre Kyoto climate change negotiations in 1997. The -Brazilian proposal- combined retributive and distributive as well as inter- and intra-generational justice. However, the issue of historical responsibility very soon turned technical and was referred to the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice. It illustrates how disparities in knowledge production influence the negotiations. The proposal was restrained in policy process due to lack of scientific expertise from Southern countries and due to non-inclusive discourse. The proposal stranded on problems of how to correctly represent physical nature in mathematical models, marginalising the original intentions of equity in relation to the North-South divide as well as to past and future generations thus undercutting a potential angle of approach for achieving good global governance. 
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16.
  • Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Technology obscuring equity : the case of historical responsibility in UNFCCC
  • 2007
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Many of today's most pressing environmental problems share one important characteristic: they are cross-boundary, i.e., they disregard political and geographical borders. Obviously, this is challenging for several reasons. One is that present legal and political institutionshave no effective reach beyond the nation-state. The same is the case with most political authority. Furthermore, the border crossing character of many environmental problems is also ethically challenging. What is a fair distribution of the burdens required to mitigate and adapt to e.g., climate change, chemical pollution andover use of marine resources and/or to make society less vulnerable to its' consequences? And perhaps even more difficult: Who has theresponsibility to take action - those causing the problems or those inrisk to suffer from the devastating effects? The papers in this section are discussing environmental problems from such points of view as authority, responsibility and distributive justice. 
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17.
  • Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Technology obscuring equity : the case of historical responsibility in UNFCCC negotiations
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Authority, Responsibility and Justice in Environmental Politics. - Oslo : NIBR. - 9788270716852 ; , s. 103-122
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • According to the concept of historical responsibility, the commitments of individual countries to mitigating climate change are distributed based on the relative effects of their past emissions as manifested in present climate change. Brazil presented a comprehensive version of the concept to pre-Kyoto negotiations in 1997. The “Brazilian proposal” originally combined several justice principles; however, following referral to the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, discussion soon became technical. This case illustrates how disparities in knowledge production and framing can influence the inclusiveness of negotiations. Southern participation in the policy process was restrained due to lack of scientific expertise on the part of Southern countries and due to the non-inclusive biophysical discourse traditionally preferred by the North. The historical responsibility issue became stranded on problems of how correctly to represent physical nature in climate models. This marginalized the original intention that equity should be the guiding principle of the North−South interaction, arguably undercutting a potential angle of approach to advance the climate change negotiations.
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18.
  • Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Technology obscuring equity: historical responsibility in UNFCCC negotiations
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 8:4, s. 339-354
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • According to the concept of historical responsibility, the commitments of individual countries to take action on climate change are distributed based on the relative effects of their past emissions as manifested in present climate change. Brazil presented a comprehensive version of the concept to pre-Kyoto negotiations in 1997. The ‘Brazilian proposal’ originally combined several justice principles; however, following referral to the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, discussion soon became confined to technical calculations. This case illustrates how disparities in knowledge production and framing can influence the inclusiveness of negotiations. Southern participation in the policy process was restrained due to lack of scientific expertise on the part of Southern countries and due to the non-inclusive biophysical discourse traditionally preferred by Northern policy-makers. The historical responsibility issue became stranded on problems of how to correctly represent physical nature in climate models. This marginalized the original intention that equity should be the guiding principle of the North–South interaction, arguably undercutting a potential angle of approach to advance the climate change negotiations. The article concludes that in the interest of facilitating the North–South dialogue in climate change negotiations, any framing of historical responsibility that excludes equity needs to be redefined.
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19.
  • Friman, Ola, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • A Correlation Framwork For Functional Mri Data Analysis.
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of SCIA 2001. Bergen,2001. - 8299594006 ; , s. 3-9
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A correlation framework for detecting brain activity in functional MRI data is presented. In this framework, a novel method based on canonical correlation analysis follows as a natural extension of established analysis methods. The new method shows very good detection performance. This is demonstrated by localizing brain areas which control finger movements and areas which are involved in numerical mental calculation.
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20.
  • Friman, Ola, et al. (författare)
  • Adaptive analysis of fMRI data
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: NeuroImage. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 19:3, s. 837-845
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article introduces novel and fundamental improvements of fMRI data analysis. Central is a technique termed constrained canonical correlation analysis, which can be viewed as a natural extension and generalization of the popular general linear model method. The concept of spatial basis filters is presented and shown to be a very successful way of adaptively filtering the fMRI data. A general method for designing suitable hemodynamic response models is also proposed and incorporated into the constrained canonical correlation approach. Results that demonstrate how each of these parts significantly improves the detection of brain activity, with a computation time well within limits for practical use, are provided.
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21.
  • Friman, Ola, 1975- (författare)
  • Adaptive analysis of functional MRI data
  • 2003
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a recently developed neuroimaging technique with capacity to map neural activity with high spatial precision. To locate active brain areas, the method utilizes local blood oxygenation changes which are reflected as small intensity changes in a special type of MR images. The ability to non-invasively map brain functions provides new opportunities to unravel the mysteries and advance the understanding of the human brain, as well as to perform pre-surgical examinations in order to optimize surgical interventions.This dissertation introduces new approaches for the analysis of fMRI data. The detection of active brain areas is a challenging problem due to high noise levels and artifacts present in the data. A fundamental tool in the developed methods is Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). CCA is used in two novel ways. First as a method with the ability to fully exploit the spatia-temporal nature of fMRI data for detecting active brain areas. Established analysis approaches mainly focus on the temporal dimension of the data and they are for this reason commonly referred to as being mass-univariate. The new CCA detection method encompasses and generalizes the traditional mass-univariate methods and can in this terminology be viewed as a mass-multivariate approach. The concept of spatial basis functions is introduced as a spatial counterpart of the temporal basis functions already in use in fMRI analysis. The spatial basis functions implicitly perform an adaptive spatial filtering of the fMRI images, which significantly improves detection performance. It is also shown how prior information can be incorporated into the analysis by imposing constraints on the temporal and spatial models and a constrained version of CCA is devised to this end. A general Principal Component Analysis technique for generating and constraining temporal and spatial subspace models is proposed to be used in combination with the constrained CCA analysis approach.The second use of CCA is found in a novel so-called exploratory analysis method which extracts interesting and representative structures in fMRI data. Functional MRI data sets are large, and exploratory analysis methods are useful for probing the data for unexpected components. It is also shown how drift and trend models adapted to the fMRI data set at hand can be constructed with this new exploratory CCA technique. Compared to traditionally employed drift models, such adaptive drift models better account for the temporal autocorrelation in the data.
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22.
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23.
  • Friman, Ola, et al. (författare)
  • Detection and detrending in fMRI data analysis
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 22:2, s. 645-655
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article addresses the impact that colored noise, temporal filtering, and temporal detrending have on the fMRI analysis situation. Specifically, it is shown why the detection of event-related designs benefit more from pre-whitening than blocked designs in a colored noise structure. Both theoretical and empirical results are provided. Furthermore, a novel exploratory method for producing drift models that efficiently capture trends and drifts in the fMRI data is introduced. A comparison to currently employed detrending approaches is presented. It is shown that the novel exploratory model is able to remove a major part of the slowly varying drifts that are abundant in fMRI data. The value of such a model lies in its ability to remove drift components that otherwise would have contributed to a colored noise structure in the voxel time series.
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24.
  • Friman, Ola, et al. (författare)
  • Detection of neural activity in fMRI using maximum correlation modeling
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 15:2, s. 386-395
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A technique for detecting neural activity in functional MRI data is introduced. It is based on a novel framework termed maximum correlation modeling. The method employs a spatial filtering approach that adapts to the local activity patterns, which results in an improved detection sensitivity combined with good specificity. A spatially varying hemodynamic response is simultaneously modelled by a sum of two gamma functions. Comparisons to traditional analysis methods are made using both synthetic and real data. The results indicate that the maximum correlation modeling approach is a strong alternative for analyzing fMRI data.
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25.
  • Friman, Ola, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Detection of neural activity in functional MRI using canonical correlation analysis
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. - 0740-3194 .- 1522-2594. ; 45:2, s. 323-330
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A novel method for detecting neural activity in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is introduced. It is based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA), which is a multivariate extension of the univariate correlation analysis widely used in fMRI. To detect homogeneous regions of activity, the method combines a subspace modeling of the hemodynamic response and the use of spatial relationships. The spatial correlation that undoubtedly exists in fMR images is completely ignored when univariate methods such as as t-tests, F-tests, and ordinary correlation analysis are used. Such methods are for this reason very sensitive to noise, leading to difficulties in detecting activation and significant contributions of false activations. In addition, the proposed CCA method also makes it possible to detect activated brain regions based not only on thresholding a correlation coefficient, but also on physiological parameters such as temporal shape and delay of the hemodynamic response. Excellent performance on real fMRI data is demonstrated.
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26.
  • Friman, Ola, et al. (författare)
  • Emphysema Detection in CT Images
  • 2002
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper describes a fully automatic approach for detecting emphysema in CT im ages of the lungs. The method combines an image processing step, where potential emphysematous area s are extracted, and a neural network step trained to rec
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27.
  • Friman, Ola, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Exploratory fMRI analysis by autocorrelation maximization
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 16:2, s. 454-464
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A novel and computationally efficient method for exploratory analysis of functional MRI data is presented. The basic idea is to reveal underlying components in the fMRI data that have maximum autocorrelation. The tool for accomplishing this task is Canonical Correlation Analysis. The relation to Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis is discussed and the performance of the methods is compared using both simulated and real data.
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28.
  • Friman, Ola, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Hierarchical temporal blind source separation of fMRI data
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the ISMRM Annual Meeting (ISMRM'02).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Blind Source Separation (BSS) of fMRI data can be done both temporally and spatially. Temporal BSS of fMRI data has one fundamental problem not encountered in the spatial BSS approach. There are thousands of observed timecourses in an fMRI data set while the number of samples of each timecourse typically is less than two hundred. This re lation makes the problem of recovering the underlying temporal sources ill-posed. This contribution eliminates this problem by introducing a hierarchical approach for performing temporal BSS of fMRI data.
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29.
  • Friman, Ola, et al. (författare)
  • Illumination and shadow compensation of hyperspectral images using a digital surface model and non-linear least squares estimation
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Proc. SPIE 8180, Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing XVII. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9780819488077 ; , s. Art.nr 8180-26-
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Object detection and material classification are two central tasks in electro-optical remote sensing and hyperspectral imaging applications. These are challenging problems as the measured spectra in hyperspectral images from satellite or airborne platforms vary significantly depending on the light conditions at the imaged surface, e.g., shadow versus non-shadow. In this work, a Digital Surface Model (DSM) is used to estimate different components of the incident light. These light components are subsequently used to predict what a measured spectrum would look like under different light conditions. The derived method is evaluated using an urban hyperspectral data set with 24 bands in the wavelength range 381.9 nm to 1040.4 nm and a DSM created from LIDAR 3D data acquired simultaneously with the hyperspectral data
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30.
  • Friman, Ola, et al. (författare)
  • Imaging Brain Function
  • 2002
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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31.
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32.
  • Friman, Ola, et al. (författare)
  • Methods for Large-Scale Monitoring of District Heating Systems Using Airborne Thermography
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. - : IEEE. - 0196-2892 .- 1558-0644. ; 52:8, s. 5175-5182
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • District heating is a common way of providing heat to buildings in urban areas. The heat is carried by hot water or steam and distributed in a network of pipes from a central powerplant. It is of great interest to minimize energy losses due to bad pipe insulation or leakages in such district heating networks. As the pipes generally are placed underground, it may be difficult to establish the presence and location of losses and leakages. Toward this end, this work presents methods for large-scale monitoring and detection of leakages by means of remote sensing using thermal cameras, so-called airborne thermography. The methods rely on the fact that underground losses in district heating systems lead to increased surface temperatures. The main contribution of this work is methods for automatic analysis of aerial thermal images to localize leaking district heating pipes. Results and experiences from large-scale leakage detection in several cities in Sweden and Norway are presented.
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33.
  • Friman, Ola, et al. (författare)
  • Performance of Subcutaneous Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adult Critically Ill Patients Receiving Vasopressor Therapy
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS. - 1520-9156 .- 1557-8593.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may facilitate glucose control in the ICU. We aimed to assess the accuracy of CGM (Dexcom G6) against arterial blood glucose (ABG) in adult critically ill patients receiving intravenous insulin infusion and vasopressor therapy. We also aimed to assess feasibility and tolerability of CGM in this setting. Methods: We included ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation, insulin, and vasopressor therapy. Numerical accuracy was assessed by the mean absolute relative difference (MARD), overall, across arterial glucose strata, over different noradrenaline equivalent infusion rates, and over time since CGM start. MARD <14% was considered acceptable. Clinical accuracy was assessed using Clarke Error Grid (CEG) analysis. Feasibility outcome included number and duration of interrupted sensor readings due to signal loss. Tolerability outcome included skin reactions related to sensor insertion or sensor adhesives. Results: We obtained 2946 paired samples from 40 patients (18 with type 2 diabetes) receiving a median (IQR) maximum noradrenaline equivalent infusion rate of 0.18 (0.08-0.33) g/kg/min during CGM. Overall, MARD was 12.7% (95% CI 10.7-15.3), and 99.8% of CGM readings were within CEG zones A and B. MARD values >= 14% were observed when ABG was outside target range (6-10 mmol/L [108-180 mg/dL]) and with noradrenaline equivalent infusion rates above 0.10 mu g/kg/min. Accuracy improved with time after CGM start, reaching MARD values <14% after 36 h. We observed four episodes of interrupted sensor readings due to signal loss, ranging from 5 to 20 min. We observed no skin reaction related to sensor insertion or sensor adhesives. Conclusions: In our ICU cohort of patients receiving vasopressor infusion, subcutaneous CGM demonstrated acceptable overall numerical and clinical accuracy. However, suboptimal accuracy may occur outside glucose ranges of 6-10 mmol/L (108-180 mg/dL), during higher dose vasopressor infusion, and during the first 36 h after CGM start.
  •  
34.
  • Friman, Ola, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Recognizing emphysema - A neural network approach
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Pattern Recognition, 2002. Proceedings. 16th International Conference on  (Volume:1). - : IEEE Computer Society. ; , s. 512-515
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An accurate and fully automatic method for detecting and quantifying emphysema in CT-images is presented. The method is based on an image preprocessing step followed by a neural network classifier trained to separate true emphysema from artifacts. The proposed approach is shown to be superior to an established method when applied on real patient data.
  •  
35.
  • Friman, Vanda, 1952, et al. (författare)
  • Defective peripheral B cell selection in common variable immune deficiency patients with autoimmune manifestations
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-1247. ; 42:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by recurrent infections, low levels of serum immunoglobulins, and impaired vaccine responses. Autoimmune manifestations are common, but B cell central and peripheral selection mechanisms in CVID are incompletely understood. Here, we find that receptor editing, a measure of central tolerance, is increased in transitional B cells from CVID patients and that these cells have a higher immunoglobulin κ:λ ratio in CVID patients with autoimmune manifestations than in those with infection only. Contrariwise, the selection pressure in the germinal center on CD27bright memory B cells is decreased in CVID patients with autoimmune manifestations. Finally, functionally, T cell-dependent activation showed that naive B cells in CVID patients are badly equipped for activation and induction of mismatch repair genes. We conclude that central tolerance is functional whereas peripheral selection is defective in CVID patients with autoimmune manifestations, which could underpin the development of autoimmunity. 
  •  
36.
  • Frisk, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Sequential trace element changes in serum and blood during a common viral infection in mice
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0946-672X .- 1878-3252. ; 21:1, s. 29-36
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • When trace elements are used as diagnostic tools during disease, it is important to know whether the balance is changed in free or bound elements. Although acute infections are associated with changed trace element balance in serum/plasma, it is not known whether changes occur concomitantly in serum and blood. In the present study the human coxsackievirus B3 (CB3), here adapted to Balb/c mice, was used to study whether infection alters the normal physiological trace element balance in blood and serum. Virus was quantitatively measured in two target organs (pancreas and liver) of this infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), showing high concentrations of virus proving ongoing infection. Concentrations of 14 elements were measured in whole blood and serum using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on days 3, 6 and 9 of the infection. Free and total thyroxine were measured in serum to prove metabolic changes associated with the infection. The thyroxine decreased, while iron and the Cu/Zn ratio in serum increased as a response to the infection. No clear changes in these elements were observed in blood. Cd and Hg tended to decrease in serum but to increase in blood, indicating accumulation in blood cells. Moreover, Al showed a similar decreasing trend in both serum and blood. A correlation between serum and blood levels was observed at different time points of the disease for 9 of the elements. However, As was the only element indicating correlations between serum and blood during the entire course of the disease.
  •  
37.
  • Hammarström, Helena, et al. (författare)
  • Treatment with reduced dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is effective in mild to moderate Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancies
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : University of Chicago Press. - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 76:3, s. e1252-e1260
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported that reduced dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) may be effective in the treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) but data is lacking for patients with hematologic malignancies.METHODS: This retrospective study included all adult hematologic patients with PJP between 2013 and 2017 at six Swedish University Hospitals. Treatment with 7.5-15 mg TMP/kg/day (reduced dose) was compared with >15-20 mg TMP/kg/day (standard dose), after correction for renal function. The primary outcome was the change in respiratory function (ΔPaO2/FiO2) between baseline and day 8. Secondary outcomes were clinical failure and/or death at day 8 and death at day 30.RESULTS: Out of a total of 113 included patients, 80 patients received reduced dose, and 33 patients received standard dose. The overall 30-day mortality in the whole cohort was 14%. There were no clinically relevant differences in ΔPaO2/FiO2 at day 8 between the treatment groups, neither before nor after controlling for potential confounders in an adjusted regression model (-13,6 mmHg [95% CI -56,7-29,5] and -9,4 mmHg, [95% CI -50.5-31.7], respectively). Clinical failure and/or death at day 8 and 30-day mortality did not differ significantly between the groups, 18% vs. 21% and 14% vs. 15%, respectively. Among patients with mild to moderate pneumonia, defined as PaO2/FiO2>200 mmHg, all 44 patients receiving reduced dose were alive at day 30.CONCLUSION: In this cohort of 113 patients with hematologic malignancies, reduced dose TMP-SMX was effective and safe for treating mild to moderate PJP.
  •  
38.
  • Kuchler, Magdalena, 1979- (författare)
  • Fields of Gold : The Bioenergy Debate in International Organizations
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The concept of producing energy from biomass has, for the last two decades, occupied attention of policy-makers, private industries, researchers and civil societies around the world. The highly contested and contingent character of the biofuel production, its entanglement in the nexus of three problematic issues of energy, climate and agriculture, as well as its injection into the current socioeconomic arrangements, is what makes it timely to analyse.The thesis sheds light on the state of international debate on bioenergy by looking at deliberations of three major global institutions: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Energy Agency (IEA) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The primary aim is to trace and analyse how the concept of bioenergy is conceptualized and contextualized in assessments, reports, policy papers and other documents issued by FAO, IEA and IPCC in the 1990-2010 period. The secondary aim of the thesis, based on results derived from the primary objective, is set to problematize and reflect upon currently dominating socioeconomic arrangements that the concept of biomass-derived energy is inserted into. The research questions are organized around four distinctively contentious issues in the debate: biofuel production in developing countries, the food vs. fuel dilemma, bioenergy as a win-win-win solution and the future role of the second-generation bioenergy technology. The research questions are operationalized by applying four theoretical perspectives: the world-economy, Michel Foucault’s genealogy, discourse theory of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, and Fredric Jameson’s critical approach.The institutional debate illustrates that, while bioenergy appears to be an easy, plausible and thus attractive patch able to temporarily fix societal challenges of energy insecurity, climate change and agricultural crisis without changing much in the socioeconomic structure, its implementation exposes internal discrepancies of the hegemonic capitalist system. Whether bioenergy could actually function as a feasible win-win-win solution is of secondary importance. It is its economic feasibility expressed in the pressure on cost-effectiveness that matters the most but, at the same time, causes serious internal discrepancies in conceptualizations pursued by the organizations. The results point to two main conclusions. On the one hand, bioenergy is inevitably entrapped by the rules and arrangements of the hegemonic system that, in turn, cause internal contradictions. On the other hand, the institutional debate attempts to stabilize the shaky conceptualization of bioenergy, so that it can appear consistent and plausible, even if the possibility of reaching the closure of meaning fades away, with more conflicts on the rise. Furthermore, the results also show that the three international organizations exhibit uniform patterns of argumentations and the way they similarly discuss biomass-derived energy illustrates the objective to stabilize the meaning and adjust the concept of bioenergy to the hegemonic system.
  •  
39.
  • Lagging, Martin, 1965, et al. (författare)
  • Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection: updated Swedish Consensus recommendations.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 41:6-7, s. 389-402
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In a recent expert meeting, Swedish recommendations for the treatment of HCV infection were upgraded. The panel recommends vaccination against both hepatitis A and B in patients with HCV. Therapy for symptomatic acute HCV infection should be initiated if spontaneous resolution has not occurred within 12 weeks, whereas asymptomatic acute HCV should be treated upon detection. Patients with genotype 2/3 infection should generally be treated for 24 weeks. In patients with a very rapid viral response (vRVR), i.e. HCV RNA below 1000 IU/ml on d 7, treatment can be shortened to 12-16 weeks, provided that no dose reduction has been made. For genotype 1 patients with rapid viral response (RVR), 24 weeks treatment is recommended. For patients with a complete early viral response (cEVR), 48 weeks treatment is recommended, whereas 72 weeks treatment should be considered for patients with partial early viral response (pEVR). For patients with difficult-to-treat disease and with pronounced anaemia, erythropoietin can be used to maintain the ribavirin dose. In HCV-HIV coinfected patients, combination therapy for HCV should, if possible, be initiated before anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is indicated. For liver transplant patients pre-emptive therapy is not recommended; hence, treatment should be deferred until histological recurrence.
  •  
40.
  • Lindh, Magnus, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • Treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection : an update of Swedish recommendations
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 40:6-7, s. 436-450
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The main goal for treatment of chronic hepatitis B is to prevent complications such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Knowledge from population studies of the long-term risk of chronic HBV infection, as well as the recent introduction of pegylated interferon and additional nucleoside analogues has changed the therapeutic situation. Recently, a Swedish expert panel convened to update the national recommendations for treatment. The panel recommends treatment for patients with active HBV infection causing protracted liver inflammation or significant liver fibrosis, verified by liver histology. In general, pegylated interferon alpha-2a is recommended as first-line treatment, in particular for HBeAg-positive patients with HBV genotypes A or B. Among nucleoside analogues, entecavir is the first choice and adefovir or tenofovir can be used as alternatives. Lamivudine monotherapy is not recommended due to the high risk of resistance development. Combinations of nucleoside analogues such as tenofovir and lamivudine or emtricitabine are alternatives for patients with non-response or infection with resistant variants, or as first choice for patients with advanced liver disease. Nucleoside analogue treatment should be monitored to detect primary non-response and virological breakthrough. Special recommendations are given for HBV/HIV coinfected patients, immunosuppressed patients, children, and for treatment before and after liver transplantation. The present guideline is translated from Swedish, where it is published on the MPA and RAV websites (www.mpa.se and www.rav.nu.se) including 7 separate papers based on thorough literature search. The complete reference list can be received from the Medical Products Agency upon request.
  •  
41.
  • Lundberg, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Detection of neural activity in functional MRI using canonical correlation analysis.
  • 2001
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • A novel method for detecting neural activity in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is introduced. It is based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA), which is a multivariate extension of the univariate correlation analysis widely used in fMRI. To detect homogeneous regions of activity, the method combines a subspace modeling of the hemodynamic response and the use of spatial relationships. The spatial correlation that undoubtedly exists in fMR images is completely ignored when univariate methods such as as t-tests, F-tests, and ordinary correlation analysis are used. Such methods are for this reason very sensitive to noise, leading to difficulties in detecting activation and significant contributions of false activations. In addition, the proposed CCA method also makes it possible to detect activated brain regions based not only on thresholding a correlation coefficient, but also on physiological parameters such as temporal shape and delay of the hemodynamic response. Excellent performance on real fMRI data is demonstrated. Magn Reson Med 45:323-330, 2001
  •  
42.
  • Lundgren, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Polybrominated diphenyl ether exposure suppresses cytokines important in the defence to coxsackievirus B3 infection in mice
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Toxicology Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4274 .- 1879-3169. ; 184:2, s. 107-13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Environmental pollutants can adversely affect the immune system. The host defence during infection depends on cytokine signalling and proper function of immune cells. However, no studies have addressed how polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) affect cytokine responses. We investigated the combined effects in Balb/c mice of human coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection and exposure to PBDEs (BDE-99 or Bromkal mixture) on 21 serum cytokines. The mice were infected (i.p.) on day 0, orally treated with BDE-99 or Bromkal on day 1 (20mg/kg bw) and put to death on day 3. CVB3 was quantitatively measured in the liver and pancreas by RT-PCR. The Luminex 200 multi-analyte system was used for cytokine analysis. High numbers of viral copies were found in the liver and pancreas. Infection increased TNF-alpha, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-12p40, KC and RANTES levels. Notably, PBDE-exposure resulted in a marked decrease, or even lack, of IL-13, MIP-1beta, RANTES, IFN-gamma and KC levels in non-infected mice. However, the effects of PBDE-exposure on cytokines did not affect viral replication during early CVB3 infection. In conclusion, PBDEs causes a selective block in immune signalling pathways but the consequences of this need to be further studied in different host resistance models of infection.
  •  
43.
  • Lundgren, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Sequential changes in serum cytokines reflect viral RNA kinetics in target organs of a coxsackievirus B infection in mice
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Immunology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0271-9142 .- 1573-2592. ; 29:5, s. 611-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: The pattern of cytokine responses related to viral replication during the course of the common human coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection is not known. METHODS: Serum levels of 21 cytokines and chemokines were studied (Luminex technique) in CVB3-infected in mice on days 3, 6, and 9 post-infection (p.i.). CVB3 was measured quantitatively (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) in the liver and pancreas. RESULTS: Virus levels peaked on day 3 in both the liver and pancreas, but were 1,000-fold higher in the pancreas. IL-17alpha, IFN-gamma, KC, MCP-1, MIP1beta, and RANTES were detected on all days. On day 3 p.i., IL-6, IL-12(p40), KC, MCP-1, RANTES, and TNF-alpha were found to peak. On day 6 p.i., IL-1beta, IL-9, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-17alpha, and IFN-gamma peaked. On day 9 p.i., MIP1beta, IL-1beta, MCP-1, and TNF-alpha were still increased. These changes in cytokines may be used to monitor the progress of enteroviral infections in clinical settings.
  •  
44.
  • Olausson, Michael, 1956, et al. (författare)
  • Indications and results of liver transplantation in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: World journal of surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 26:8, s. 998-1004
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Metastases from neuroendocrine (NE) tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, carcinoids, and endocrine pancreatic tumors (EPTs) can be confined to the liver for long periods and may exhibit slow growth. When considering liver transplantation (LTx) for patients with NE tumors, the expected results with conventional treatment must be weighed against the risk of LTx and immunosuppression. The following indications for LTx may be considered for patients with metastatic NE tumors limited to the liver: (1) tumors not accessible to curative surgery or major tumor reduction; (2) tumors not responding to medical or interventional treatment; and (3) tumors causing life-threatening hormonal symptoms. We excluded patients with poorly differentiated NE carcinoma or well differentiated NE carcinoma with a high proliferation index (Ki 67 > 10%). Over 4 years (1997-2001) we have performed transplants in nine patients (five with EPTs, four with carcinoids) with a mean +/- SEM follow-up of 22 +/- 5 months (range 4-45 months). Seven patients underwent orthotopic LTx and two multivisceral LTx. Eight patients are alive, six without clinical evidence of disease. Four patients developed recurrent tumors 9 to 36 months after LTx; two were detected at an early stage and underwent resection with curative intent. One patient with multivisceral Tx died after 4 months of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease without tumor recurrence. In selected series LTx can offer good control of hormonal symptoms, a relatively long disease-free interval, and in individual cases potential cure.
  •  
45.
  • Olausson, Michael, 1956, et al. (författare)
  • [Liver transplantation in neuroendocrine tumors prolongs symptom-free period, might also be a cure]. : Levertransplantation vid neuroendokrina tumörer. Ger längre tids symtomfrihet, kanske även bot.
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 96:36, s. 3783-6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several neuroendocrine tumours, such as carcinoids and pancreatic endocrine tumours, may manifest relatively slow tumour growth. The patients may suffer from severe hormonal symptoms, largely due to liver metastases which sometimes are amenable to cytoreductive surgery. If residual tumour after primary tumour resection is multilobar, liver transplantation may be one way to treat hormonal symptoms and possibly prolonging survival. Early long-term outcome of liver transplantation in patients with neuroendocrine tumours suggests prognosis to be more favourable for carcinoids than for endocrine pancreatic tumours. It is suggested that liver transplantation may be appropriate for patients with isolated hepatic tumour disease in the following situations: 1, tumour recurrence after liver surgery for cure; 2, non-resectable liver disease, especially in cases of severe hormonal symptoms; and 3, disease progression after hepatic arterial embolisation and medical therapy. These indications are discussed in the light of three case reports.
  •  
46.
  • Olausson, Michael, 1956, et al. (författare)
  • Orthotopic liver or multivisceral transplantation as treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Liver transplantation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-6465 .- 1527-6473. ; 13:3, s. 327-33
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Liver transplantation can be a therapeutic option for individual patients with neuroendocrine tumors metastatic only to the liver. In this consecutive series of 15 patients (5 multivisceral and 10 orthotopic liver transplantations) with well-differentiated carcinoids, or endocrine pancreatic tumors, we allowed higher proliferation rate (Ki67 <10%), large tumor burden, and higher age than previous studies. Liver transplantation offered good relief of symptoms, long disease-free intervals, and potential cure in individual patients. The survival of grafts and patients compared well with transplantation for benign disease. The overall 5-year survival was 90%. The recurrence-free survival of both multivisceral and liver transplantation related to the time after transplantation (about 20% at 5 years) despite inclusion of patients with higher risk. In conclusion, the critical prognosticators for long-term outcome still remain to be defined. The experience with multivisceral transplantation for patients with endocrine tumors of the pancreatic head is still limited.
  •  
47.
  •  
48.
  • Ringaby, Erik, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Anisotropic Scattered Data Interpolation for Pushbroom Image Rectification
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. - : IEEE. - 1057-7149 .- 1941-0042. ; 23:5, s. 2302-2314
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article deals with fast and accurate visualization of pushbroom image data from airborne and spaceborne platforms. A pushbroom sensor acquires images in a line-scanning fashion, and this results in scattered input data that needs to be resampled onto a uniform grid for geometrically correct visualization. To this end, we model the anisotropic spatial dependence structure caused by the acquisition process. Several methods for scattered data interpolation are then adapted to handle the induced anisotropic metric and compared for the pushbroom image rectification problem. A trick that exploits the semi-ordered line structure of pushbroom data to improve the computational complexity several orders of magnitude is also presented.
  •  
49.
  •  
50.
  • Rønholm, Ebbe, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • Complement system activation during orthotopic liver transplantation in man. Indications of peroperative complement system activation in the gut.
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337. ; 57:11, s. 1594-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sixteen patients with acute and chronic liver disease undergoing OLT were studied regarding the role of the liver and the gut in complement activation. Also, the relation between complement activation and clinical manifestations during the liver transplantation reperfusion period was investigated. Blood samples for measurement of complement anaphylatoxin C3a (C3a), complement anaphylatoxin C5a (C5a), and terminal C5b-9 complement complex (TCC) were taken simultaneously from the central venous catheter and the radial arterial line before starting the operative procedure, 1 min before declamping, and 1-2 min, 5 min, 30 min and 6-12 hr after declamping. Simultaneous blood sampling from the radial arterial line, central venous catheter, portal vein, and hepatic vein was performed 1-2 min and 5 min after completed unclamping. Elevated plasma levels of C3a and TCC were found upon reperfusion, while C5a levels remained unchanged throughout the operation compared with the preoperative levels. The levels of C3a in the portal vein were higher compared with the levels in the simultaneously obtained samples from the radial artery. The results indicate complement cascade activation located to the gut during the reperfusion phase of OLT. Seventy-five percent of the patient studied suffered from the postreperfusion syndrome, indicated by profound hypotension upon reperfusion of the transplanted liver. There was a significant correlation between high concentration of C3a anaphylatoxin and development of profound hypotension.
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