| 1. |
- Armstrong, Ellie E., et al.
(författare)
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Draft Genome Sequence and Annotation of the Lichen-Forming Fungus Arthonia radiata
- 2018
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Ingår i: Microbiology Resource Announcements. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 2576-098X. ; 6:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report here the draft de novo genome assembly, transcriptome assembly, and annotation of the lichen-forming fungus Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach., the type species for Arthoniomycetes, a class of lichen-forming, lichenicolous, and saprobic Ascomycota. The genome was assembled using overlapping paired-end and mate pair libraries and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument.
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| 2. |
- Bäcklund, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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A Pine Is a Pine and a Spruce Is a Spruce – The Effect of Tree Species and Stand Age on Epiphytic Lichen Communities
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With an increasing demand for forest-based products, there is a growing interest in introducing fast-growing non-native tree species in forest management. Such introductions often have unknown consequences for native forest biodiversity. In this study, we examine epiphytic lichen species richness and species composition on the trunks of non-native Pinus contorta and compare these to the native Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies in managed boreal forests in northern Sweden across a chronosequence of age classes. Overall, we recorded a total of 66,209 lichen occurrences belonging to 57 species in the 96 studied forest stands. We found no difference in species richness of lichens between stands of P. contorta and P. sylvestris, but stands of P. abies had higher total species richness. However, species richness of lichens in stands of P. abies decreased with increasing stand age, while no such age effect was detected for P. contorta and P. sylvestris. Lichen species composition progressively diverged with increasing stand age, and in 30-year-old stands all three tree species showed species-specific assemblages. Epiphytic lichen assemblages in stands of 30-year-old P. contorta were influenced by greater basal area, canopy closure, and average diameter at breast height, P. abies stands by higher branch density and canopy closure, and stands of P. sylvestris by greater bark crevice depth. Differences in lichen species richness and composition were mainly explained by canopy closure and habitat availability, and the greater canopy closure in mature P. abies stands promoted the colonization and growth of calicioid lichen species. Our results indicate that the non-native P. contorta have similar species richness as the native P. sylvestris. The main difference in lichen species richness and composition is between P. abies and Pinus spp. in managed forests of boreal Sweden.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Additions to the calicioid flora of Japan and Korea, with the descriptions of two new species
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annales Botanici Fennici. - : Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board. - 0003-3847 .- 1797-2442. ; 51, s. 189-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new species of calicioid fungi are described, Phaeocalicium triseptatum Tibell and Sphinctrina intermedia Tibell. While P. triseptatum is only known from Hokkaido, Japan, S. intermedia is known from Hokkaido and Korea. Sphinctrina leucopoda as reported from Korea in the literature is misidentified S. intermedia. The genus Microcalicium is reported as new to Japan with one species, M. arenarium. Phaeocalicium flabelliforme is reported as new to Asia (Japan). Chaenothecopsis savonica is reported as new to Japan and Sphinctrina tubaeformis as new to Hokkaido.
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| 6. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Arthonia incarnata (Arthoniaceae), a rare and poorly known old-growth forest lichen new to Asia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X. ; 35, s. 587-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rare and poorly known Northern Hemisphere old-growth forest lichen Arthonia incarnata is reported for the first time for Asia from Japan and Korea. A detailed description and illustration is provided for the species based on the collections from Japan and South Korea. Bayesian and RAxML analyses of mtSSU, nLSU and RPB2 sequence data show A. incarnata to be only distantly related to the other Arthonia species hitherto sequenced and in particular to superficially similar species occurring in the same type of habitat such as A. didyma, A. spadicea and A. vinosa. For the analysis we generated new sequence data of A. incarnata for the mtSSU (5 specimens) and RPB2 (5) gene loci. Slight variation was observed in sequence data of the RPB2 gene between collections from eastern Asia and Sweden, but this is not substantiated by differences in morphology or ecological behaviour. Arthonia incarnata is confined to humid forests and only grows on parts of tree trunks shaded from precipitation and running water such as the lower side of leaning trunks or cavities at the base of trees. The species is found on trees with acidic bark, in eastern Asia mainly on Betula but also on coniferous trees and on dead wood. It was not found on bark of Salix (caprea), a common substrate for the species in Europe.
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| 7. |
- Frisch, Andreas
(författare)
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Arthonia parietinaria - A common but frequently misunderstood lichenicolous fungus on species of the Xanthoria parietina-group
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fungal Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-6146. ; 120, s. 1341-1353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arthonia parietinaria is described as new to science. Host of the type and at the same time the only confirmed host species is the foliose macrolichen Xanthoria parietina. Sequence data of nucLSU rRNA genes reveal a close relationship to Arthonia molendoi. A. parietinaria is recorded for many countries in Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. (C) 2016 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Frisch, Andreas
(författare)
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Arthoniaceae with reddish, K plus purple ascomata in Japan
- 2018
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Ingår i: Phytotaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1179-3155 .- 1179-3163. ; 356, s. 19-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arthonia sanguinaria is described as new to science. The East Asian Arthonia lopingensis and the widely distributed. Arthonia picea are reported as new to Japan from Honshu and the Ogasawara Islands, respectively. The phylogenetic position of A. picea, A. sanguinaria and Coniocarpon cinnabarinum from the Ogasawara Islands is shown by RAxML and Bayesian analysis of mtSSU, nLSU and RPB2 sequence data. Our results confirm the polyphyletic origin of quinoid pigments in Arthoniaceae. A key is presented to the Arthoniaceae with reddish ascomata in Japan.
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| 9. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Crypthonia, a new genus of byssoid Arthoniaceae (lichenised Ascomycota)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Mycological Progress. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1617-416X .- 1861-8952. ; 9, s. 281-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crypthonia with 11 species is described as belonging to the Arthoniaceae. The new genus is characterised by (1) white to pale carneous, maculiform ascomata lacking a distinct exciple, (2) a weakly gelatinised, hydrophobic hymenium of paraphysoids, (3) a discontinuous layer of branched ascogenous hyphae in the hypothecium, (4) small, clavate to broadly clavate asci of the Arthonia-type lacking a hemiamyloid ring structure in the tholus, (5) eight small, hyaline, 1-3-septate, thin-walled ascospores per ascus, (6) loosely attached thalli with a byssoid, coloured hypothallus, and (7) a chemistry of mainly beta-orcinol depsidones and tridepsides including psoromic, norstictic, and gyrophoric acids. Rugulosin occurs in C. bella and C. citrina. Crypthonia athertoniensis Frisch & G. Thor, C. bella Frisch & G. Thor, C. brevispora Frisch & G. Thor, C. citrina Frisch & G. Thor, C. olivacea Frisch & G. Thor, C. palaeotropica Frisch & G. Thor, and C. vandenboomii Frisch & G. Thor are described. C. albida (F,e) Frisch & G. Thor, C. biseptata (Aptroot & Wolseley) Frisch & G. Thor, C. mycelioides (Vain.) Frisch & G. Thor, and C. polillensis (Vain.) Frisch & G. Thor are new combinations. The delimitation from similar genera and the position within the Arthoniaceae is discussed.
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| 10. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Four new Arthoniomycetes from Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda - supported by molecular data
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nova Hedwigia. - : Schweizerbart. - 0029-5035 .- 1438-9134. ; 98, s. 295-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arthonia physcidiicola Frisch & G.Thor, Chiodecton sorediatum G.Thor & Frisch, Herpothallon kigeziense Frisch & G.Thor and Reichlingia syncesioides Frisch & G.Thor are described as new to science. All species have been collected in the montane rainforests of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in south western Uganda. The earlier monotypic genus Reichlingia with one anamorphic species is emended to include three fertile species and is newly reported to Africa. The combinations Reichlingia virginea (Mull.Arg.) Frisch for Arthothelium virgineum Mull.Arg. from the Usambara Mts. in north eastern Tanzania, and Reichlingia zwackhii (Sandst.) Frisch & G.Thor for the European Arthonia zwackhii Sandst. are made. A phylogenetic tree based on Bayesian and ML analyses of combined mtSSU, nLSU and RPB2 data showing the position of the new species in Arthoniomycetes is presented.
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| 11. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Galbinothrix, a new monotypic genus of Chrysotrichaceae (Arthoniomycetes) lacking pulvinic acid derivatives
- 2018
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Ingår i: Plant and Fungal Systematics. - : W. Szafer Institute of Botany Polish Academy of Sciences. - 2544-7459 .- 2657-5000. ; 63, s. 31-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galbinothrix caesiopruinosa is described from Japan and Korea. The new genus and species is placed in Chrysotrichaceae by its ascoma morphology and by a phylogenetic analysis of mtSSU and nLSU sequence data using Bayesian and maximum likelihood inference. The monotypic genus Galbinothrix is superficially similar to Chrysothrix caesia in having dark brown ascomata covered by a thin bluish grey pruina, reddish brown ascomatal pigment in the epithecium and proper exciple, the greyish green to yellowish olive thallus, and usnic acid as the main secondary thallus compound. It differs from this species and all other Chrysotrichaceae by its large, oblong, thick-walled ascospores with a distinct epispore, the narrowly clavate to almost tubular asci, and the never clearly granular to leprose thallus.
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| 12. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Herpothallon biacidum, a new lichen species from tropical Australia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Lichenologist. - 0024-2829 .- 1096-1135. ; 42, s. 285-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herpothallon biacidum Frisch et al. is described from Queensland, tropical Australia. The new species is characterized by a thick byssoid thallus that is loosely attached to the substratum, globular to claviform to short cylindrical pseudoisidia, a brown to brownish black hypothallus, and by the presence of gyrophoric and norstictic acids. This is the first reported co-occurrence of gyrophoric and norstictic acids in the genus. The differences between H. biacidum and other species containing either norstictic acid or gyrophoric acid are discussed. Herpothallon biacidum is also compared with Cryptothecia eungellaeae. Both occur in north Queensland and have the same chemistry, but the latter has a closely adnate thallus and lacks the dark hypothallus and pseudoisidia. The circumscription of Herpothallon and its distinction from Cryptothecia are discussed
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| 13. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Herpothallon inopinatum (Arthoniaceae), a new lichen species from Mexico
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annales Botanici Fennici. - : Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board. - 0003-3847 .- 1797-2442. ; 51, s. 63-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herpothallon inopinatum Frisch & G. Thor sp. nova (Arthoniaceae) is described from Chiapas, Mexico. It is the second species of Herpothallon known with mature ascospores besides H. fertile. It differs from H. fertile in smaller asci immersed in the thallus instead of strongly protruding barrel-shaped thallus warts, smaller bean-shaped Herpothallon inopinatum most closely resembles H. pustulatum, but differs in the absence of pustules. The closely related H. rubrocinctum has distinct bright-red pseudoisidia and a bright-red pigmentation of pro- and hypothallus, while H. inopinatum lacks pseudoisidia and has a pro- and hypothallus white mottled pale yellow to orange to purplish brown. A revised key to all 34 currently accepted species in Herpothallon is provided.
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| 14. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Herpothallon rubroechinatum (Arthoniaceae), a new species from tropical and subtropical America
- 2010
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Ingår i: Bryologist. - : American Bryological and Lichenological Society. - 0007-2745. ; 113, s. 144-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herpothallon rubroechinatum is described from the U.S.A. (Florida), Costa Rica and Peru. The new species is characterised by scattered red anthraquinone crystals being attached to hyphae projecting from the thallus, the globose to cylindrical pseudoisidia, a closely adnate thallus, and psoromic acid as the main lichen compound; pycnidia are common at the tips of the pseudoisidia. The medulla of the new species shows a patchily distributed amyloid reaction. Contrary to previous reports, the amyloidity of the medulla was observed in all Herpothallon species re-investigated during this study. H. rubroechinatum is compared to the two other red pigmented species that contain psoromic acid, H. australasicum that lacks pigment crystals on the pseudoisidia, and H. globosum that has a loosely attached thallus and a well developed red hypothallus.
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| 15. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Inoderma and related genera in Arthoniaceae with elevated white pruinose pycnidia or sporodochia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Lichenologist. - 0024-2829 .- 1096-1135. ; 47, s. 233-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genus Inoderma (Ach.) Gray is lectotypified with Inoderma byssaceum and resurrected for a small group of species in Arthoniaceae with elevated, white pruinose pycnidia, immersed to adnate white pruinose apothecia and a weakly gelatinized hymenium. Inoderma nipponicum is described from Japan, I. afromontanum from Uganda and the European Lecanactis subabietina is transferred to the genus. Sporodophoron is described for a small group of species in Arthoniaceae related to Inoderma but with a unique type of sporodochia instead of pycnidia. Sterile specimens of this new genus resemble species of Tylophoron but differ in the rounded angular to elliptical to short cylindrical, 0-2-septate sporodochial conidia with unevenly thickened walls which are formed apically in zigzag-shaped and occasionally branched chains. Sporodophoron further differs in thallus chemistry and is genetically distinct. Tylophoron americanum and Schismatomma cretaceum are transferred to Sporodophoron, and the new species S. gossypinum from Japan and S. primorskiense from eastern Russia are described. The genus Glomerulophoron is described for a single species from Mauritius, G. mauritiae, differing from Sporodophoron in the tightly coiled chains of sporodochial conidia and being genetically distinct. A phylogenetic tree showing the position of Inoderma, Sporodophoron and Glomerulophoron in Arthoniaceae is presented. A key to all species of Arthoniaceae with sporodochia or elevated white pruinose pycnidia is presented. Arthothelium spectabile, the type of the large heterogeneous genus Arthothelium, is confirmed for the cryptothecioid subclade in Arthoniaceae.
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| 16. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Lichenicolous fungi from Japan and Korea: new species, new records and a first synopsis for Japan
- 2015
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Ingår i: Herzogia. - : Herzogia. - 0018-0971. ; 28, s. 762-789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty six species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from Japan and eight species from South Korea. The new genus Caeruleoconidia is introduced, and four species, Caeruleoconidia ochrolechiae, Diplolaeviopsis japonica, Perigrapha lobariae and Skyttea ochrolechiae, are described as new to science. The new combination Lichenosticta lecanorae is introduced and a neotype designated for this taxon. Buelliella cf. inops, Cercidospora stenotropae, Cladophialophora parmeliae, Endococcus cf. brachysporus, Lichenosticta lecanorae, Micarea inquinans, Minutoexcipula cf. mariana, Protounguicularia nephromatis, Polycoccum hymeniicola, Stigmidium alectoriae and Tephromela campestricola are new to Asia, another 18 species are second reports for Asia. Sixty-one species are new to Japan and eight species new to South Korea. Nephroma is a new host genus for Hainesia aeruginascens and Vulpicida for Muellerella lichenicola. A first synopsis of the lichenicolous fungi of Japan including 95 species is presented, which presumably covers less than 30 % of the total diversity of lichenicolous fungi in that country.
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| 17. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic status of Arthonia phaeophysciae (Arthoniaceae, Ascomycota), a species new to Japan
- 2020
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Ingår i: Shokubutsu kenkyū zasshi. - 0022-2062. ; 95, s. 133-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lichenicolous fungus Arthonia phaeophysciae Grube & Matzer (Arthoniaceae, Ascomycota), growing on Physciella melanchra and Phaeophyscia sp., is newly reported from Central Honshu in Japan. Additional localities are reported for Korea. This study demonstrates the phylogenetic position of the species in the Bryostigma-clade of Arthoniaceae and confirms the identity of this research’s recent collections from Japan and Korea using Bayesian and RAxML analyses of mtSSU, nrLSU and RPB2 sequence data. A detailed description of the species based on collections from Japan and Korea is provided.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Frisch, Andreas
(författare)
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Sporodophoron primorskiense (Arthoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) new to Japan, as the second locality in the world
- 2016
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Ingår i: Shokubutsu kenkyū zasshi. - 0022-2062. ; 91, s. 69-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sporodophoron primorskiense is reported as new to Japan, as the second locality in the world. This species was previously only known from Primorsky territory in Russia. In Japan it was found on bark of Fagus crenata at ca. 1000 m elev. in an old-growth forest in Toyama Prefecture. This locality is situated at the Japanese side of the Sea of Japan opposite from Primorsky territory. The Japanese specimen agrees well with the type of S. primorskiense in terms of morphology and chemistry. Sequence data of mtSSU support conspecificity with the type. A key to Japanese Arthoniaceae with sporodochia or elevated, white pruinose pycnidia is also provided.
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| 20. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The Arthonialean challenge: Restructuring Arthoniaceae
- 2014
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 63, s. 727-744
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Arthoniales is the second-largest group of lichen-forming fungi. A new phylogeny of Arthoniales based on mtSSU, nLSU and RPB2 sequence data is presented, with a focus on crustose representatives. A total of 145 taxa are analyzed including 64 species of Arthoniaceae. We obtained 198 new sequences for 83 specimens representing 71 taxa of Arthoniales. Arthoniaceae is recovered as polyphyletic, demonstrating that previous classifications do not reflect evolutionary patterns. Three phylogenetic lineages are identified: the Arthoniaceae clade, the Bryostigma clade and the Felipes clade. The Bryostigma clade is related to Arthoniaceae, while the Felipes clade shows close affinities to Chrysotrichaceae. Cryptotheciaceae is included as a paraphyletic grouping in Arthoniaceae. Lecanographaceae and the genera Felipes and Melarthonis are described. Bryostigma and Pachnolepia are reinstated for former Arthonia species, and Myriostigma for the Cryptothecia candida complex. Fouragea is reinstated for foliicolous Opegrapha species. Arthonia eos is described and the new combination Alyxoria mougeotii is made. A lectotype is selected for Spiloma fallax. Melaspilea granitophila belongs in Arthoniaceae and Arthonia mediella in Chrysotrichaceae. According to the phylogenetic hypothesis, lichen secondary chemistry, such as pulvinic acid derivates or red pigments, does not characterize monophyletic groups above the genus level. The parasitic life style in Arthoniaceae has evolved more than once. Parasitic species are found in four lineages of the Arthoniaceae clade and in the Bryostigma clade. Arthoniomycetes with chlorococcoid photobionts are restricted to the Bryostigma clade and Chrysotrichaceae, while the only saprophytic Arthonia species in the phylogeny are related to Arthonia radiata and group with lichenized taxa. The phylogenetic data provide a coherent framework for delineating further monophyletic groups in Arthoniaceae in the future.
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| 21. |
- Frisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Tree Species Composition Predicts Epiphytic Lichen Communities in an African Montane Rain Forest
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biotropica. - : Wiley. - 0006-3606. ; 47, s. 542-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ecology of many tropical rain forest organisms, not the least in Africa, remains poorly understood. Here, we present a detailed ecological study of epiphytic lichens in the equatorial montane rain forest of Bwindi National Park (331km(2)), Uganda. We evaluated all major lichen growth forms, including selected groups of crustose lichens. In 14 transects at elevations of 1290m to 2500m, we sampled 276 trees belonging to 60 species. We recorded all lichen species on each tree trunk between ground level and 2m above the ground, yielding 191 lichen species in 67 genera, with a mean of 4.7 species per tree. We used non-metric multi-dimensional scaling to separate epiphytic lichen assemblages according to tree species composition and elevation. Structural equation modeling indicated that elevation influenced tree species composition and that tree species composition largely determined lichen species composition. Thus, elevation acted indirectly on the lichen assemblages. Further studies examining factors such as bark properties and lichen colonization ecology may clarify what determines the association between tree species and lichen assemblages. The link between lichen assemblages and large-scale elevation patterns, as well as disturbance and regrowth histories, warrants further study. An analysis of lichen species composition on individual tree species that occur over large elevation ranges would distinguish the effect of tree species on lichen assemblages from the effect of elevation and thus climate. Our study highlights the limited extent of our knowledge of tropical epiphytic lichens.
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| 22. |
- Frisch, Andreas
(författare)
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Wirthiotrema: a new genus for the Thelotrema glaucopallens group (Ascomycota: Ostropales: thelotremoid Graphidaceae)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Lichenologist. - 0024-2829 .- 1096-1135. ; 42, s. 197-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new genus Wirthiotrema Rivas Plata, Kalb & Frisch is described for the Thelotrema glaucopallens group, based on molecular and morphological evidence, with W glaucopallens as the type species. The genus is characterized by myriotremoid thalli and apothecia, in combination with a paraplectenchymatous excipulum, I-ascospores, and stictic acid as a secondary compound. The new combinations W glaucopallens (Nyl) Rivas Plata & Kalb comb nov, W santessonn (Hale) Rivas Plata & Frisch comb nov, and W trypaneoides (Nyl) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb nov, are proposed and a key to the three species is presented.
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| 23. |
- Kondratyuk, Sergey Y., et al.
(författare)
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Contributions to the Teloschistaceae of Australia.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Lichenologische Nebenstunden. Contributions to lichen taxonomy in honour of Klaus Kalb.. - 1436-1698. - 9783443580759 ; 96, s. 157-174
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Six new species: Caloplaca kalbiorum and C. epiborya from Western Australia, Fulgensia cranfieldii from Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria, Xanthoria coomae occurring in several states on the continent, and X. hypogymnioides and X. whinrayi from Tasmania are described and illustrated. The new combination Caloplaca pulcherrima is proposed and recorded for the first time for New Zealand. An emended description is presented for Caloplaca scarlatina, a new record for Australia. Xanthoria ligulata, earlier thought to be endemic to Australasia, is reported from South Africa.
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| 24. |
- Svensson, Måns, et al.
(författare)
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The relative importance of stand and dead wood types for wood dependent lichens in managed boreal forests
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 20, s. 166-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For efficient conservation, we need to consider both what kinds of habitat species require and the landscape-level supply of these habitats. We examined the relative importance of stand and dead wood types for wood-dependent lichens in two managed boreal forest landscapes in Sweden. We found 20 species and modelled their abundance based on stand type and dead wood characteristics using hierarchical Bayesian models or point estimates. Stands <60 years both have a large total extent and a large proportion of dead wood, resulting in the main part of the populations of most wood-dependent lichens occurring there. Older managed stands and unmanaged mires harbour smaller proportions of the populations. Stumps and snags, and to some extent logs, had high abundances of many species of wood dependent lichens in managed forest landscapes, while dead branches were used by few species. Measures taken to produce more snags should benefit wood-dependent lichens in managed landscapes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
- Thell, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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The distribution of Parmelia ernstiae in Denmark.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Lichenologische Nebenstunden. Contributions to lichen taxonomy in honour of Klaus Kalb.. - 9783443580759 ; 96, s. 299-304
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The distribution of Parmelia ernstiae in Denmark and neighbouring areas has been determined from herbarium studies and DNA analyses of fresh material. It occurs on bark, mainly deciduous, and wood, in all parts of the country except for western Jutland.
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| 26. |
- Thor, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Functional redundancy of multiple forest taxa along an elevational gradient: predicting the consequences of non-random species loss
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 42, s. 1383-1396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsClimate change can substantially alter ecological communities. However, we hypothesized that, even if novel communities emerge, those communities may not be novel in terms of functional composition. To infer the processes associated with rising temperatures, we evaluated elevational taxonomic/functional turnover of plant and invertebrate communities. Because climate change interacts synergistically with other environmental factors, and therefore is not the sole driver of change in ecological communities, we also considered how the taxonomic/functional composition of the communities would be affected by mammalian overgrazing/browsing, which has become prominent in the study region.LocationShiretoko National Park, Shiretoko Peninsular, Hokkaido, Japan.MethodsWe investigated the diversity of eight groups of organisms (taxa) in forests of northern Japan, and calculated the distance decay of taxonomic/functional similarity (SOrensen's -diversity) along an elevational gradient. A null model was used to separate functional turnover from taxonomic turnover. We then simulated how taxonomic/functional turnover along the gradient would be changed after non-random loss of species sensitive to mammalian herbivory.ResultsWe found that each group showed elevational decay in taxonomic similarity. Along an elevational gradient, species groups structured by stronger dispersal limitation showed faster species turnover. This suggested differences in the process of climate-induced species reassembly among the groups. We also found that elevational turnover of communities based on functional traits tended to be lower than that based on taxonomic identity for the majority of the groups, supporting our hypothesis of functional redundancy across the elevational gradient. We thus speculated that climate-induced emergence of taxonomically novel communities may have limited influence on critical ecosystem processes supported by functional diversity. Furthermore, while random species loss did not change functional turnover, non-random loss of species attributable to mammalian herbivory substantially accelerated elevational functional turnover of the taxa. This suggested a possible loss of the functional redundancy of communities.Main conclusionsFuture communities may be novel not simply because climates are changing at unprecedented rates but also because of the synergetic influences of other environmental changes. Thus ecological processes may be more seriously affected in the future than is generally anticipated based on existing climate-change scenarios, with possible consequences for ecosystem functioning.
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| 27. |
- Thor, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Increase of Lichen Diversity in the Imperial Palace Grounds, Tokyo, Japan
- 2014
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Ingår i: Memoirs of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. - 0082-4755. ; 49, s. 193-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lichen flora in the Imperial Palace Grounds, Tokyo, was investigated in 2009- 2013. A total of 98 species of lichens and related fungi were found during the investigation, which is almost doubled compared to a previous study in 1995-1996 when 57 species were discovered. Eight species found in 1995-1996 were not found again in 2009-2013. A Total of 106 species has been found during the investigations in 1995-1996 and 2009-2013. Enterographa hutchinsiae and Porina leptalea are reported as new to Japan, while Arthonia pertabescens, Aspicilia cinerea, Chaenotheca hygrophila, Coenogonium pineti, Cresponea japonica, Endocarpon petrolepideum, Graphis handelii, G. scripta, Lecanora leprosa, Lithothelium japonicum, Normandina pulchella, Pertusaria pertusa, Sculptolumina japonica, and Thelidium japonicum are new to the Imperial Palace Grounds. Forty-six species could only be determined to genus and three species are indicated as Lichen sp. for the specimens collected through both investigations in 1995-1996 and 2009- 2013. Twenty-three of the species determined only to genus and as Lichen sp. are also new to the investigated area. The increase in lichen diversity is probably caused by the reduction of air pollution due to new regulations regarding exhaust emissions from automobiles in and around Tokyo, established in 2003.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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