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1.	Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al. (author) Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries 2016 In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
2.	Almström, Peter, 1972, et al. (author) Guide för flexibel automation av lågvolymproduktion 2019 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Länk till digital version av guiden inklusive alla bilagor och verktyg: https://www.edig.nu/swedprod
3.	Anrup, Roland, et al. (author) Centrala universitetsvärden hotas av bolagiseringsidén 2013 In: Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447. Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract Högskolestiftelser. Förslaget att driva svenska universitet i stiftelseform öppnar för bolagisering. Men det är ingen riktig utredning, utan en politisk pamflett utan eftertanke. Privatisering av universitet hotar både oberoendet, forskningskvaliteten och samhällsnyttan, skriver 36 forskare vid svenska högskolor och universitet.
4.	Aref, Thomas, 1980, et al. (author) Quantum Acoustics with Surface Acoustic Waves 2016 In: Superconducting Devices in Quantum Optics. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319240916 ; , s. 217-244 Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract It has recently been demonstrated that surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can interact with superconducting qubits at the quantum level. SAW resonators in the GHz frequency range have also been found to have low loss at temperatures compatible with superconducting quantum circuits. These advances open up new possibilities to use the phonon degree of freedom to carry quantum information. In this chapter, we give a description of the basic SAW components needed to develop quantum circuits, where propagating or localized SAW-phonons are used both to study basic physics and to manipulate quantum information. Using phonons instead of photons offers new possibilities which make these quantum acoustic circuits very interesting. We discuss general considerations for SAW experiments at the quantum level and describe experiments both with SAW resonators and with interaction between SAWs and a qubit. We also discuss several potential future developments.
5.	Arnrup, Roland, et al. (author) Centrala universitetsvärden hotas av bolagiseringsidén 2013 In: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm : AB Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :22 Oktober, 2013 Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
6.	Benyamin, Gad, et al. (author) Arsenic is decreased in target organs during viral infection in mice 2006 In: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0946-672X .- 1878-3252. ; 20:2, s. 121-126 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Arsenic (As), a potentially toxic trace element, has been shown to influence viral replication and resistance to microbial infection. However, the impact of infection on the normal As status in target organs involved in the disease process has not been studied to date. In the present study, As was measured through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the plasma, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, pancreas and brain at days 1 and 3 of coxsackievirus B3 infection in female Balb/c mice. The severity of the infection was assessed from clinical signs of disease. The infection changed plasma As in a biphasic pattern with a small increase (n.s.) at day 1 that turned into a decreasing trend (13%, p<0.05) by day 3. In the liver, spleen, heart, pancreas and kidney As was unchanged at day 1 but, at day 3, it had decreased by 71% (p<0.01), 64% (p<0.01), 55% (p<0.01), 63% (p<0.01) and 73% (p<0.01), respectively. In the brain, As went unchanged. The pathophysiological interpretation of these findings requires further research.
7.	Bergsten, Peter, et al. (author) Miljöförbättrande åtgärder i Mörrumsån och Ångermanälven, med fokus på havsvandrande arter 2014 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Föreliggande rapports syfte är att sammanställa resultaten från en utredning av förutsättningar för miljöförbättrande åtgärder i de utbyggda vattendragen Ångermanälven och Mörrumsån. Förutsättningar för de geografiska områdena är sammanställda och effekter av möjliga åtgärder har analyserats; dels hydrauliska flödessimuleringar, dels en populationsmodell för laxfisk. Fokus har lagts på åtgärder för havsvandrande fisk.ÅngermanälvenÅngermanälven är Sveriges tredje största älv i fråga om vattenföring, med en medelvattenföring på knappt 500 m3/s. Det finns ett fyrtiotal större vattenkraftverk, samt ett antal mindre, fördelade i de tre huvudgrenarna Åsele-, Fax- och Fjällsjöälven. Studien omfattar nedre delarna av Åseleälven (upp till Nämforsen) och Faxälven (upp till Storfinnforsen). Bland de inom uppdraget aktuella kraftverken finns gamla åfåror i anslutning till de fyra stationerna i Faxälven, Hjälta, Forsse, Edsele och Ramsele.Idag når havsvandrande arter upp till Sollefteå kraftverk, ca 3 mil uppströms mynningen. Lax och havsöring fiskas enbart nedströms Sollefteå kraftverk, och utsättningar görs från två kompensationsodlingar, vid Forsmo och strax nedströms Hjälta.Resultaten för Ångermanälven visar på en potential för att etablera ett svagt men livskraftigt laxbestånd uppströms Sollefteå kraftverk. Förutsättningarna utgörs av en kombination av åtgärder, fiskväg vid Sollefteå samt minimitappning av ca 8 m3/s vid Hjälta kraftstation. Detta skulle enligt modellförsök resultera i ett bestånd av i medeltal ca 150 återvändande laxar per år, med en uppskattad kostnad på ca 26 MSEK/år (exklusive kostnad för fiskvandringsväg vid Sollefteå), p.g.a. produktionsbortfall.Möjligheterna för åtgärder riktade mot havsvandrande fisk längre upp i Faxälven är mycket små. Mindre arealer potentiella reproduktionsområden, i kombination med dödlighet vid passage av kraftverk, gör att bara några 10-tal honor tar sig upp per år. Ramsele gamla fåra skulle kunna erbjuda förhållandevis stora reproduktionsområden, men en nödvändig passage av fyra kraftverk gör det mycket svårt att tillgängliggöra sträckan, även om fiskvägar installeras.MörrumsånMörrumsån mynnar i Pukavikbukten vid Mörrum, och har en medelvattenföring på knappt 30 m3/s. Inom hela systemet Mörrumsån finns 24 vattenkraftverk, varav de sju som omfattas av denna utredning ligger belägna i den nedre delen av ån, nedströms sjön Åsnen. Genom denna avgränsning omfattar studien samtliga E.ONs anläggningar i Mörrumsån. Av de aktuella kraftverken finns gamla åfåror i anslutning till Granö, Hemsjö övre, Hemsjö nedre samt Fridafors nedre.Mörrumsån anses utgöra södra Sveriges viktigaste laxälv och idag når havsvandrande fisk upp till Fridafors nedre, ca 3 mil från mynningen. Fiskvägar finns installerade vid de tre nedströms kraftstationerna, Marieberg och Hemsjö nedre och övre. Utsättningar av smolt och yngel från havsöring sker årligen i de nedre delarna av ån, smolt i Kungsforsen vid Mörrum, och yngel i flera av de tillrinnande bäckarna.Med utgångspunkt i potentiella reproduktionsområden i Granö gamla fåra har möjligheten att etablera lax- och öringbestånd uppströms Fridafors studerats. Åtgärderna utgörs av fiskvägar i Fridafors samt minimitappning i Granö, ev. i kombination med biotopvårdsåtgärder. Resultaten visar att för att uppnå ett livskraftigt bestånd uppströms Fridafors ställs höga krav på funktion av de fem fiskvägarna. Om ett antagande görs att 95% av smolten passerar varje station tack vare spill under utvandringsperioden, måste uppströmspassage ske med en genomsnittlig effektivitet av 90% per station. Vid 80% klarar bara ett par tiotal honor sig upp till fåran för lek, medan populationen balanserar på gränsen till livskraftighet vid 90%. Eftersom det är så många fiskvägar får passagerna stort utslag på överlevnaden, och det ger t.ex. större effekt att öka fiskvägarnas effektivitet från 80 till 90% jämfört med att dubblera mängden reproduktionsområdena från 3,5 till 7 ha . Att maximera den gamla fårans potential genom biotopvårdsåtgärder är relevant, men bör därför ha lägre prioritet jämfört med att säkerställa fiskvägarnas funktion.Den föreslagna minimitappningen i Granö på 2,3 m3/s baseras på resultaten från flödessimuleringarna för att på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt nå goda förhållanden för reproduktion i fåran. Den totala årliga kostnaden uppskattas till ca 2 MSEK, om flödet ökas till 9,5 m3/s ger det ett ca 4 gånger så stort produktionsbortfall, medan den ekologiska effekten endast ökar med ca 10 %.En tänkbar åtgärd för att uppnå en positiv effekt på laxfisk i Mörrumsån vore en utrivning av Mariebergs kraftstation, en åtgärd som enligt modellen har potential att fördubbla laxbeståndet uppströms Marieberg. En utrivning av Marieberg skulle, utöver kostnader för återställning och utrivning, innebära ett produktionsbortfall bestående av hela kraftstationens kapacitet (3,2 GWh), motsvarande ca 1 MSEK per år (inräknad nuvarande kostnader för drift och underhåll, men exklusive utrivningskostnader).Frånsett utrivning är potentialen ur ett ekologiskt perspektiv, räknat i antal återvändande laxfisk, likvärdig i Ångermanälven, med en fiskväg i Sollefteå kombinerat med minimitappning i Hjälta, jämfört med Granö i Mörrumsån. Ur ett kostnadsperspektiv vore det ca 4 gånger så dyrt (ca 26 MSEK/år exklusive fiskväg i Sollefteå) som att genomföra åtgärderna vid Fridafors/Granö. Skillnaden ligger bland annat i att i Mörrumsån innebär studerade åtgärder ett tillskott till en befintlig population i vattendraget, medan det i Ångermanälven idag inte finns ett bestånd med naturlig reproduktion.Utifrån den samhällsekonomiska analysen ger ingen åtgärd med minimitappningar och/eller fiskvägar ett positivt resultat. Beroende på vilka scenarier som används blir den samhällsekonomiska förlusten av åtgärder i Granö från 10 MSEK och uppåt (nuvärde), medan förlusten i Ångermanälven blir drygt 200 MSEK och uppåt.
8.	Bergsten, Peter, et al. (author) Miljöförbättrande åtgärder i Mörrumsån och Ångermanälven, med fokus på havsvandrande arter 2014 Reports (other academic/artistic)
9.	Beusch, Peter, 1967, et al. (author) Enabling levers of control (LOC) practices for sustainability 2019 In: 42 EAA Annual Congress, Paphos, Cyprus, May 29th to May 31st, 2019.. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Sustainability has become to be a key issue in many companies but managers struggle to enact sustainability strategies into real action. Research that explores the process whereby the integration of management control systems (MCS) and sustainability control systems (SCS) support this activity in organizations is starting to emerge. This longitudinal study contributes to this line of research by examining the efforts of a large industrial firm to align all control systems (MCS and SCS) to support the implementation of its sustainability strategy. The study explores and discusses interdependencies among Simons’ (1994) Levers of Control (LOC) that are relevant for that alignment, identifies challenges to full integration of the systems and expands elements of Gond et al.’s (2012) approach to the integration and uses of MCS and SCSs in supporting a sustainability strategy. Results suggest a need for an expanded understanding of the notion of integration and what this means in terms of control system design and use. They also indicate that not only the presence but also the properties and use of the LOC’s at certain stages is important to supporting the implementation of a sustainability strategy. Finally, the paper addresses the issue of whether or not radical changes in management control practices are needed to promote real corporate sustainability.
10.	Beusch, Peter, 1967, et al. (author) Management Control for Sustainability: The development of a fully integrated strategy 2016 In: Management Accounting Section Meeting: Research and Case Conference, January 6-9, 2016, Dallas, Texas, USA.. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Managers struggle to translate sustainability strategies into actions. This study examines the use of a management control system (MCS) and sustainability control system (SCS) to support the implementation of an integrated sustainability strategy. It is based on in-depth interviews with key finance and sustainability managers in a Swedish global industrial company. We draw upon the levers of control (LOC) concept to analyze the organization’s use of MCS and SCS. The interactive components of the firm’s SCS are characterized by dialogue between strategic and tactical level managers in a non-invasive environment. Thus, the firm deploys these strategic performance controls in an enabling as opposed to a constraining fashion. Strategic validity controls, however, are only well-developed for a subset of the firm’s products and services. These findings suggest that the manner in which an organization deploys interactive controls within its SCS is influenced strongly by the organization’s culture and the industry in which it operates. The organization’s MCS and SCS exhibit technical integration, but faces challenges with respect to organizational and cognitive integration. Yet, technical integration appears to compensate in part for the lack of integration along the other two dimensions. This study contributes to an emerging body of research that adapts management control frameworks to examine the relationship between strategy and sustainability.
11.	Beusch, Peter, 1967, et al. (author) Management control for sustainability: Towards integrated systems 2022 In: Management Accounting Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5005. ; 54 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Companies struggle to integrate sustainability into their corporate strategy and implement it in their business activities. To examine this issue, we develop an extended version of Gond et al.’s (2012) integration typology that considers all four of Simons's (1994, 1995) levers of control. We then present a longitudinal study of the efforts made by a multi-national industrial firm to align its management control system and sustainability control system in an integrated sustainability strategy. Our results provide three insights into control system integration for sustainability. First, intensive dialogues among managers at different organizational levels and in different organizational functions mitigate challenges to the technical and organizational integration of sustainability along a firm's value chain. Second, the degree to which the firm's strategic-level managers focus on external sustainability drivers influences how well the firm develops and markets sustainability-related products and services. Finally, a committed CEO and strategic-level management can avoid marginalizing sustainability by communicating their beliefs about it through intensive dialogues across management levels. Our results support the position that a firm can manage sustainability by making incremental changes in management control practices. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
12.	Beverborg, Niels Grote, et al. (author) Phospholamban antisense oligonucleotides improve cardiac function in murine cardiomyopathy 2021 In: Nature Communications. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Cell and Molecular Biology. - 2041-1723. Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, highlighting an urgent need for novel treatment options, despite recent improvements. Aberrant Ca2+ handling is a key feature of HF pathophysiology. Restoring the Ca2+ regulating machinery is an attractive therapeutic strategy supported by genetic and pharmacological proof of concept studies. Here, we study antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) as a therapeutic modality, interfering with the PLN/SERCA2a interaction by targeting Pln mRNA for downregulation in the heart of murine HF models. Mice harboring the PLN R14del pathogenic variant recapitulate the human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) phenotype; subcutaneous administration of PLN-ASO prevents PLN protein aggregation, cardiac dysfunction, and leads to a 3-fold increase in survival rate. In another genetic DCM mouse model, unrelated to PLN (Cspr3/Mlp−/−), PLN-ASO also reverses the HF phenotype. Finally, in rats with myocardial infarction, PLN-ASO treatment prevents progression of left ventricular dilatation and improves left ventricular contractility. Thus, our data establish that antisense inhibition of PLN is an effective strategy in preclinical models of genetic cardiomyopathy as well as ischemia driven HF.
13.	Dilla, William N., et al. (author) Management Control for Sustainability: The development of a fully integrated strategy 2015 In: 10th ENROAC Conference in Galway, Ireland, June 3rd - 4th, 2015.. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
14.	Dupuy, E., et al. (author) Strato-mesospheric Measurements of Carbon Monoxide with the Odin Sub-millimetre Radiometer: Retrieval and First Results 2004 In: Geophysical Research Letters. - 1944-8007 .- 0094-8276. ; 31:20 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) aboard the Odin satellite has been measuring vertical profiles of atmospheric trace gases since August 2001. We present the inversion methodology developed for CO measurements and the first retrieval results. CO can be retrieved from a single scan measurement throughout the middle atmosphere, with a typical resolution of similar to3 km and a relative error of similar to10% to similar to25%. Retrieval results are evaluated through comparison with data from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) and observations of the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (ISAMS) on board the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS). Considering the large natural variability of CO, the SMR retrievals give good confirmation of the WACCM results, with an overall agreement within a factor of 2. ISAMS abundances are higher than SMR mixing ratios by a factor of 5-10 above 0.5 hPa from similar to80degreesS to similar to50degreesN.
15.	Edvinsson, Marie, et al. (author) Chlamydophila pneumoniae changes iron homeostasis in infected tissues 2008 In: International Journal of Medical Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1438-4221 .- 1618-0607. ; 298:7-8, s. 635-44 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Many bacteria, including Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae), are dependent on iron (Fe) for their growth. However, it is not known whether bacterial infections affect gastrointestinal uptake and uptake of trace elements in infected tissues. A human C. pneumoniae strain adapted to C57BL/6J mice was used to study hepcidin gene expression in the liver and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) content in the liver and intestine and whether Fe is concomitantly changed in serum, liver, and intestine. The copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio in the serum was used as a marker for infection. Bacterial DNA, mRNA, and hepcidin were measured by real-time PCR, DMT1 by Western blot, and trace elements by ICP-MS on days 2, 5, and 8 of the infection. C. pneumoniae DNA was found in the liver on all days but the number of viable bacteria peaked on day 8. Hepcidin expression increased on days 2 and 5, whereas DMT1 content in the liver increased on day 8. Fe decreased in serum, increased in the liver but was not changed in the intestine during the disease. In the serum, the Cu/Zn ratio peaked on day 5. The peak of viable bacteria in the liver was associated with increased DMT1 and Fe contents and increased hepcidin expression, but this did not affect intestinal Fe uptake. Thus, growth of C. pneumoniae in tissues parallels a redistribution of Fe to those tissues resulting in a changed body homeostasis of Fe.
16.	Edvinsson, Marie, et al. (author) Chlamydophila pneumoniae in thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection 2008 Other publication (other academic/artistic)
17.	Edvinsson, Marie, et al. (author) Trace element balance is changed in infected organs during acute Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in mice 2008 In: Biometals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0966-0844 .- 1572-8773. ; 21:2, s. 229-237 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Most infectious diseases are accompanied by changed levels of several trace elements in the blood. However, sequential changes in trace elements in tissues harbouring bacterial infections have not been studied. In the present study the respiratory pathogen Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae), adapted to C57BL/6J mice, was used to study whether the balance of trace elements is changed in infected organs. Bacteria were quantitatively measured by real-time PCR in the blood, lungs, liver, aorta, and heart on days 2, 5, and 8 of the infection. Concentrations of 13 trace elements were measured in the liver, heart, and serum by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Infected mice developed expected clinical signs of disease and bacteria were found in lungs, liver, and heart on all days. The number of bacteria peaked on day 2 in the heart and on day 5 in the liver. The copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio in serum increased as a response to the infection. Cu increased in the liver but did not change in the heart. Iron (Fe) in serum decreased progressively, whereas in the heart it tended to increase, and in the liver it progressively increased. C. pneumoniae may thus cause a changed trace element balance in target tissues of infection that may be pivotal for bacterial growth.
18.	Edvinsson, Marie, et al. (author) Trace Element Changes in Thoracic Aortic Dissection 2016 In: Biological Trace Element Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0163-4984 .- 1559-0720. ; 169:2, s. 159-163 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Thoracic aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition with an incompletely understood pathogenesis. Trace elements are essential for the functioning of different processes in the body, including the immune system and associated responses to infection/inflammation. Because inflammation may be part of the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic dissection, we investigated whether trace element changes associated with inflammation occur in serum and tissue samples during the disease. The study included 21 patients undergoing surgery for thoracic aortic dissection, 10 forensic autopsy specimens for tissue controls and 23 healthy blood donors for serum controls. Levels of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) were measured in the aortic tissue and serum by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In the serum, Ca, V, Cu and Zn decreased, whereas Fe increased. In the tissue, Cu and Zn decreased and Fe tended to increase. The Cu/Zn ratio in the serum, a marker of infection/inflammation, did not change in the patients. Concerning trace element changes in the serum and tissue, our data do not support the hypothesis that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic dissection.
19.	Frisk, Andreas, 1983-, et al. (author) Composition, structure and magnetic properties of ultra-thin Fe/Ni multilayers sputter deposited on epitaxial Cu/Si(001) 2018 In: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 646, s. 117-125 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Sputter deposited symmetric multilayers of (n Fe)/(n Ni), with individual thicknesses from n = 4 to n = 48 monolayers (ML), were deposited on epitaxial Cu/Si(001), and their microstructural evolution and magnetic properties versus n have been studied. Elemental layering can be seen with transmission electron microscopy down to n = 4 ML layer thickness, although an intermixed region characterized by a finite interface width is found to be present. This width is composed of the interface roughness as well as the interdiffusion between layers, but the relative contributions from these two sources could not be concluded by the techniques used. The measured elemental layering and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) give an upper limit to the interface width which must be smaller than the thinnest layers, 4 ML. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), depth profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and also XRR reveal that Fe has a higher tendency to mix with Ni than vice versa. XPS does not have the resolution to measure this thin elemental layering: composition variations for n = 8 ML which are clearly seen by EELS are barely resolved by XPS. The structure was determined by X-ray diffraction, and an epitaxial fcc (001) structure is found to be maintained throughout the multilayers up to n less than or similar to 8 ML. For larger n values, relaxation starts by Fe-fcc(001) layers changing into Fe-bcc(110), which is then followed by Ni-fcc(001) changing from (001) to (111) orientation along the growth direction. A decreased total measured magnetic moment for the fully epitaxial multilayers can be explained by the fcc Fe layers being partly anti-ferromagnetic, whereas the relaxed multilayers exhibit the expected magnetic properties of (bcc Fe) +(fcc Ni).
20.	Frisk, Andreas, et al. (author) Strain Engineering for Controlled Growth of Thin-Film FeNi L10 2017 In: Journal of Physics D. - : IOP Publishing. - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 50:8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract FeNi thin films in the L1(0) phase were successfully grown by magnetron sputtering on HF-etched Si(001) substrates on Cu/Cu100-xNix buffers. The strain of the FeNi layer, (c/a)(FeNi), was varied in a controlled manner by changing the Ni content of the Cu100-xNix buffer layer from x = 0 at.% to x = 90 at.%, which influenced the common in- plane lattice parameter of the CuNi and FeNi layers. The presence of the L1(0) phase was confirmed by resonant x-ray diffraction measurements at various positions in reciprocal space. The uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy K-U is observed to be smaller (around 0.35 MJ m(-3)) than predicted for a perfect FeNi L1(0) sample, but it is larger than for previously studied films. No notable variation in K-U with strain state (c/a)(FeNi) is observed in the range achieved (0.99 less than or similar to (c/a)(FeNi) less than or similar to 1.02), which is in agreement with theoretical predictions.
21.	Frisk, Liselotte, 1959-, et al. (author) Characteristics of Contemporary Religious Change : Globalization, Neoliberalism, and Interpretative Tendencies 2012 In: Post-Secular Society. - New York : Routledge. - 9781315127095 ; , s. 47-70 Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract This chapter focuses on changes in contemporary religion and in particular in relation to the globalization process. Globally, one aspect of religious change is that fundamentalist religious movements are thriving, aiming at reviving tradition, and making religion influential again in contemporary society. The chapter explores the more vague religious expressions of Western culture, related to New Age and the spirituality discourse, as responses to globalization in the universalistic mode. It discusses the concepts of New Age and spirituality, and argues that essentializing a New Age category no longer makes sense in a globalized society. The chapter then focuses on the dichotomy of institutionalized religion on one hand, and uninstitutionalized, or popular religion, on the other hand. Finally, it raises some critical questions to point some significant similarities between, on the one hand, the characteristics of contemporary religious change and, on the other, neoliberal politics and culture.
22.	Frisk, Liselotte, 1959-, et al. (author) Den mediterande dalahästen : Religion på nya arenor i samtidens Sverige 2013 Book (other academic/artistic)
23.	Frisk, Liselotte, 1959-, et al. (author) Guds nya barnbarn : Att växa upp i kontroversiella religiösa grupper 2017 Book (other academic/artistic)abstract Hur är det att vara barn och växa upp i en religiös minoritetsgrupp som Hare Krishna, Scientologi-kyrkan, Jehovas Vittnen, Knutby Filadelfia, Plymouth-bröderna, Enighetskyrkan eller Guds Barn/Familjen? Boken bygger framför allt på ett 70-tal intervjuer med såväl vuxna som barn som vuxit upp i dessa grupper, samt på intervjuer med ett 20-tal föräldrar, men också på fältobservationer och textstudier av gruppernas material kring barn och barnuppfostran. Livsvillkoren för barnen kan vara mycket olika, bland annat för att de olika religiösa grupperna har olika ideologier och syn på barnuppfostran, men också på individuella omständigheter inom olika familjer, fas i gruppens utveckling samt samhällets gensvar och reaktioner på gruppen ifråga. Boken diskuterar teman som socialisation, identitet, avhopp och skolgång, men tar också upp farhågor kring dessa grupper som auktoritär uppfostran, aga, isolering från samhället, separationer mellan föräldrar och barn, och bristande omsorg vad gäller mat och hälsa. Författare är professor i religionsvetenskap Liselotte Frisk, Högskolan Dalarna, fil. dr Peter Åkerbäck, Stockholms Universitet, och doktorand Sanja Nilsson, Högskolan Dalarna och Göteborgs universitet.
24.	Frisk, Liselotte, et al. (author) Holistic Spirituality inSweden and Austria : A Comparison of Two Local Mapping-Studies in DifferentParts of Europe 2012 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
25.	Frisk, Liselotte, et al. (author) New religiosity in contemporary Sweden : the Dalarna study in national and international context 2015 Book (other academic/artistic)
26.	Frisk, Liselotte, 1959-, et al. (author) Size and Structure of the Holistic Milieu : A Comparison of Local Mapping Studies in Austria and Sweden 2014 In: Journal of Contemporary Religion. - : Routledge. - 1353-7903 .- 1469-9419. ; 29:2, s. 303-314 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
27.	Frisk, Liselotte, 1959-, et al. (author) Sweden and children in minority religions : Growing up in controversial religious groups 2018 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
28.	Frisk, Liselotte, et al. (author) Vad den mediterande dalahästen säger oss om religiositet idag 2011 In: Tvärsnitt. - Stockholm : Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga forskningsrådet. - 0348-7997. ; :2 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
29.	Frisk, Peter, et al. (author) Changed clinical chemistry pattern in blood after removal of dental amalgam and other metal alloys supported by antioxidant therapy 2007 In: Biological Trace Element Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0163-4984 .- 1559-0720. ; 120:1-3, s. 163-170 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study aimed to investigate a possible connection between removal of dental amalgam restorations supported by antioxidant therapy and indicative changes of clinical chemistry parameters. A group of 24 patients, referred for complaints related to amalgam restorations, underwent a removal of their amalgams. All patients were treated with antioxidants (vitamin B-complex, vitamin C, vitamin E, and sodium selenite). An age- and sex-matched control group of 22 individuals was also included. The mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) concentration in plasma, Hg concentration in erythrocytes, and 17 clinical chemistry variables were examined in three groups: patients before amalgam removal (Before), patients after amalgam removal (After), and control individuals (Control). The Hg and Se values decreased (p < 0.05) in plasma, and the Hg concentration decreased (p < 0.05) in erythrocytes after amalgam removal. The variables serum lactate dehydrogenase (serum LDH) and serum sodium differed significantly both when comparing Control with Before (p < 0.01) and Before with After (p < 0.01). The variables white blood cell count (WBC), blood neutrophil count, blood eosinophil count, blood basophil count, blood lymphocyte count, blood monocyte count, serum potassium, and serum creatinine differed in the Before/After test (p < 0.05). Multivariate statistics (discriminant function analysis) could separate the groups Before and After with only one misclassification.
30.	Frisk, Peter, et al. (author) Coxsackievirus B3 infection affects metal-binding/transporting proteins and trace elements in the pancreas in mice 2007 In: Pancreas. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0885-3177 .- 1536-4828. ; 35:3, s. e37-e44 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective: The trigger of juvenile diabetes has been suggested to be an interaction between a virus and trace elements, where enteroviruses, including coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), have been discussed as potential initiators. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects in the pancreas on gene expressions of metallothionein 1 (MT1), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and zinc transporter 5 (ZnT-5) and concomitant changes in iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in serum and pancreas of Balb/c mice on days 3, 6, and 9 of CVB3 infection. Methods: Trace elements were measured through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and CVB3, MT1, DMT1, and ZnT-5 were measured by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction. Results: Virus was found in the pancreas on all days, with a peak on day 3. Infection tended to increase Fe in both serum and the pancreas. The Cu/Zn ratio in the pancreas increased early in the infection because of a great decrease in Zn. In serum, the Cu/Zn ratio was not increased until day 9 of the disease. In the pancreas, MT1 decreased, whereas DMT1 tended to increase on day 6, and ZnT-5 increased progressively during the course of the disease. Conclusions: Virus-induced changes in trace elements, MT1, DMT1, and ZnT-5 in the pancreas may reflect early stages of the development of pancreatitis and prestages of diabetic disease.
31.	Frisk, Peter, et al. (author) Decrease of trace elements in erythrocytes and plasma after removal of dental amalgam and other metal alloys 2006 In: Biological Trace Element Research. - 0163-4984 .- 1559-0720. ; 113:3, s. 247-259 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The objective of this study was to determine the concentration changes of 13 elements in erythrocytes and plasma after the removal of dental amalgam and other metal alloys. Blood samples from 250 patients were collected, separated into erythrocytes and plasma, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The 250 patients were divided into 3 groups (Negative, Zero, and Positive) depending on their estimation of quality of life in an earlier study. Magnesium in plasma, selenium and mercury in plasma, and erythrocytes showed decreased concentrations after amalgam removal in all groups (p < 0.05). Titanium in plasma, copper in plasma, and erythrocytes and zinc in plasma exhibited decreased concentrations after amalgam removal in the Negative and Positive groups (p < 0.05). Silver in plasma and gold in erythrocytes decreased in the Zero and Positive groups after amalgam removal (p < 0.05). Copper in erythrocytes and silver and gold in plasma showed higher concentrations after amalgam removal in the Negative compared to the Positive group (p < 0.05), suggesting that patients in the Negative group excrete metals slowly. Moreover, the cobalt levels in plasma were lowest in the Negative group and only this group showed a significant increase in vitamin B12 levels in blood after amalgam removal.
32.	Frisk, Peter, et al. (author) Differences in the growth inhibition of cultured K-562 cells by selenium, mercury or cadmium in two tissue culture media (RPMI-1640, Ham's F-10). 2000 In: Biometals. ; 13:2, s. 101-11 Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
33.	Frisk, Peter (author) Expressions of mercury-selenium interaction in vitro 2001 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Interaction between mercury and selenium has previously been observed both in man and in animals. The aim of this work was to study expressions of interaction between mercury and selenium in human K-562 cells. Inorganic and organic forms of mercury and selenium were used and cells were either pre-treated with selenium or simultaneously exposed to selenium and mercury. Concentrations of selenium and mercury chosen were indicated by a study of growth inhibition in the individual compounds: a low concentration of selenium and selenomethionine induced slight cell growth inhibition, while a high concentration resulted in a notable growth inhibition. Two mercury concentrations were chosen: one with minimal toxicity and another with high cell toxicity. In addition, uptake and retention patterns of selenomethionine and selenite differed in both selenocompounds.All simultaneous treatments with 3.5 μM methylmercury produced a reduction in cellular mercury with increased selenium concentration. This was particularly obvious in selenite treatments. Growth curves from the simultaneous 3.5 μM methylmercury and selenite treatments indicated protection with increased selenite concentrations. In both exposure protocols, the 5 μM methylmercury treatments were toxic to the cells. In both study protocols, cells exposed to selenite and mercuric chloride manifested increased cellular mercury uptake with increased selenium concentration. In all selenite and 35 μM mercuric chloride treatments, no inhibition of growth was observed, while the 50 μM mercuric chloride treatments were toxic to the cells. Selenite-dependent protection was achieved in both exposure protocols when considering the cellular uptake of mercury. With few exceptions, selenomethionine produced similar effects as selenite on mercuric chloride uptake and growth inhibition.
34.	Frisk, Peter, et al. (author) Selenium protection against mercury-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in cultured K-562 cells. 2003 In: Biol Trace Elem Res. - 0163-4984. ; 92:2, s. 105-14 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
35.	Frisk, Peter, et al. (author) Sequential trace element changes in serum and blood during a common viral infection in mice 2007 In: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0946-672X .- 1878-3252. ; 21:1, s. 29-36 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract When trace elements are used as diagnostic tools during disease, it is important to know whether the balance is changed in free or bound elements. Although acute infections are associated with changed trace element balance in serum/plasma, it is not known whether changes occur concomitantly in serum and blood. In the present study the human coxsackievirus B3 (CB3), here adapted to Balb/c mice, was used to study whether infection alters the normal physiological trace element balance in blood and serum. Virus was quantitatively measured in two target organs (pancreas and liver) of this infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), showing high concentrations of virus proving ongoing infection. Concentrations of 14 elements were measured in whole blood and serum using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on days 3, 6 and 9 of the infection. Free and total thyroxine were measured in serum to prove metabolic changes associated with the infection. The thyroxine decreased, while iron and the Cu/Zn ratio in serum increased as a response to the infection. No clear changes in these elements were observed in blood. Cd and Hg tended to decrease in serum but to increase in blood, indicating accumulation in blood cells. Moreover, Al showed a similar decreasing trend in both serum and blood. A correlation between serum and blood levels was observed at different time points of the disease for 9 of the elements. However, As was the only element indicating correlations between serum and blood during the entire course of the disease.
36.	Frisk, Peter, et al. (author) Tissue uptake of mercury is changed during the course of a common viral infection in mice 2008 In: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 106:2, s. 178-184 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Mercury (Hg) has been shown to have immunotoxic effects and to influence the severity of infection. However, the impact of infection on the normal Hg homeostasis in different target organs involved in the disease process has not been studied. In this study, Hg was measured through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the intestine, serum, liver, and brain on days 3, 6, and 9 of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection in female Balb/c mice. The severity of the infection was assessed from clinical signs of disease and the number of virus particles in infected organs. CVB3 and gene expression of metallothionein 1 (MT1) was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gene expression of MT1 increased and peaked on day 3 in the brain (93%, p<0.01) and liver (19-fold, p<0.01) and on day 6 in the intestine (seven-fold, p<0.01). This peak in MT1 in the liver and brain corresponded to the peak in virus numbers in these tissues. Hg in the intestine and serum tended to decrease on all days of infection. The maximum decrease, in comparison with non-infected mice, occurred in the intestine (78%, p<0.001) on day 9 and in serum (50%, p<0.05) on day 6. However, in the brain, Hg increased by 52% (p<0.05) on day 6. Hg went unchanged in the liver. An infection-induced increase of Hg in the brain but unchanged level in the liver may be due to the peak of virus replication and an associated infection-induced expression of MT1. Moreover, the decrease of Hg in serum and the intestine but a concomitant intestinal increase in MT1 on day 6 may reflect a flux and increased retention of Hg to infected organs such as the brain. The pathophysiological interpretation of these preliminary findings requires further research.
37.	Goulet, Anne-Christine, et al. (author) Selenomethionine induces sustained ERK phosphorylation leading to cell-cycle arrest in human colon cancer cells 2005 In: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 26:1, s. 109-117 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Selenomethionine (SeMet) is being tested alone and in combination with other agents in cancer chemoprevention trials. However, the molecular targets and the signaling mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of this compound are not completely clear. Here, we provide evidence that SeMet can induce cell-growth arrest and that the growth inhibition is associated with S-G2/M cell-cycle arrest. Coincidentally with the cell-cycle arrest, we observed a striking increase in cyclin B as well as phosphorylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc2. Since activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade has been associated with cell-cycle arrest and growth inhibition, we evaluated the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). We found that SeMet induced phosphorylation of the MAPK ERK in a dose-dependent manner. We also demonstrate phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) by SeMet. Additionally, we show phosphorylation of histone H3 in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of p90RSK and histone H3 were both antagonized by the MEK inhibitor U0126, implying that SeMet-induced phosphorylation of p90RSK and histone H3 are at least in part ERK pathway dependent. Based on these results, we propose that SeMet induced growth arrest and phosphorylation of histone H3 are mediated by persistent ERK and p90RSK activation. These new data provide valuable insights into the biological effects of SeMet at clinically relevant concentrations.
38.	Haglund, Ulf, et al. (author) [Internship should give competence in medical science. The Surgical Association's curriculum proposal for all interns] 2008 In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 105:6, s. 369-72 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
39.	Haglund, Ulf, et al. (author) ST-utbildningen ska ge kompetens i medicinsk vetenskap : Kirurgföreningen föreslår en kursplan för alla ST-läkare 2008 In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 105:6, s. 369-72 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
40.	Haj-Hosseini, Neda, et al. (author) Fluorescence Guidance for Brain Tumor Biopsies 2018 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract To provide guidance during stereotactic biopsy in brain tumors, fluorescence spectroscopy was used in ten patients. It was shown that the fiber optical probe could provide real-time guidance with clear fluorescence in all patients.
41.	Ilbäck, Nils-Gunnar, et al. (author) Effects of xenobiotics and nutrients on host resistance studied in experimental human infections adapted to rodents 2008 In: Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1056-8719 .- 1873-488X. ; 58:3, s. 179-88 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Interactions among infectious agents, nutrients and xenobiotics in which, xenobiotics and nutrients may affect host resistance to infection, as well as the microorganism virulence are a developing concern in food and environmental safety assessment. Nutrients and xenobiotics may induce either immunostimulative or immunosuppressive effects that may affect the host resistance and the course of the disease differently in different infections. This field has become a new avenue of research in food toxicology and food-borne diseases. For this purpose, some host resistance models in rodents are available but more are needed. Several microorganisms produce a clinically relevant disease useful for estimation of risk to man. Previously and currently used models include bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. The used microorganisms are either human pathogens adapted to experimental animals or unadapted human pathogens for which adequate animal models exist, where host resistance mechanisms and pathophysiological changes in animal and man are comparable. This report is a summary of effects of xenobiotics and nutrients on host resistance in presently used experimental human infections adapted to rodents.
42.	Ilbäck, Nils-Gunnar, et al. (author) Gastrointestinal uptake of trace elements are changed during the course of a common human viral (Coxsackievirus B3) infection in mice 2008 In: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0946-672X .- 1878-3252. ; 22:2, s. 120-30 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Most infectious diseases are accompanied by a change in levels of several trace elements in the blood. However, it is not known whether changes in the gastrointestinal uptake of trace elements contribute to this event. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), adapted to Balb/c mice, was used to study whether infection induces gene expression of metallothionein (MT1) and divalent-metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in the intestine and liver and hepcidin in the liver, as well as whether trace elements in these tissues are changed accordingly. Quantitative expression of CVB3, MT1, DMT1 and hepcidin was measured by real-time RT-PCR and six trace elements by ICP-MS on days 3, 6 and 9 of the infection. The copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio in serum increased as a response to the infection. High concentrations of virus were found in the intestine and liver on day 3 and in the intestine on day 6. MT1 in the intestine and liver increased on days 3 and 6. The increase of MT1 in the liver correlated positively with Cu and Zn. Hepcidin in the liver showed a non-significant increase on days 3 and 6 of the infection, whereas DMT1 in the intestine decreased on day 9. Accordingly, iron (Fe) in the liver increased progressively during the disease, whereas in the intestine DMT1 was negatively correlated to Fe. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) were found to decrease to various degrees in the intestine, serum and liver. Thus, enteroviral infections, and possibly many other infections, may cause a change in the gastrointestinal uptake of both non-essential and essential trace elements.
43.	Ilbäck, Nils-Gunnar, et al. (author) Virus induces metal-binding proteins and changed trace element balance in the brain during the course of a common human infection (coxsackievirus B3) in mice 2007 In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 381:1-3, s. 88-98 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Autopsy of the brain has shown a change in trace element balance in some virus-infected individuals, but it is not known whether this event was a result of the infection. In the present study coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) adapted to Balb/c mice was used to study whether infection induces gene expression of the metal-binding/transporting proteins metallothionein (MT1 and MT3) and divalent-metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and whether it changes the balance of trace elements in the brain. Virus and MT1, MT3, and DMT1 were quantitatively measured by RT-PCR on days 3, 6 and 9 of the infection. Trace elements (13) were measured in serum and the brain by ICP-MS. High numbers of virus were found in the brain on days 3 and 6, but virus counts were decreased and present only in 50% of the mice on day 9. Gene expression of MT1 tended to increase on all days, whereas that of MT3 only showed a minor and not significant increase on day 3. No clear effect was observed in the expression of DMT1. The increase of MT3 was correlated to the brain concentration of Cu. The Cu/Zn ratio in serum increased as a response to the infection. There was a similar decrease in Cd in serum and the brain. On day 6 of the infection, Hg increased in the brain (p<0.05) and was positively correlated to a concomitant decrease (p<0.05) in serum. Virus numbers in the brain were on day 6 positively correlated (p<0.05) to As concentrations. Enteroviral infections may therefore be an underlying factor regarding the changes in essential as well as potentially toxic trace elements in the brain.
44.	Innabi, Hanan, 1962, et al. (author) Patterns of Variation in the Work of “Mathematics in the City project”: A Suggested Research Question 2019 In: The Mathematics Education for the Future Project – Proceedings of the 15th International Conference. August 4-9, 2019 at Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland. Rogerson, A., & Morska, J. (red.). - Münster, Germany : WTM Verlag. - 9783959871112 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract The framework of this paper is based on the variation theory (VT), which explains the necessary conditions for learning. According to this theory, students have to experience patterns of variation for learning to take place. This paper highlights the patterns of variation that can be found in the work of the “Mathematics in the City” (MitC) project. Some examples are presented, and a research question is proposed related to using VT as a tool to analyze students’ learning in the MitC classrooms.
45.	Larsson, Bengt, et al. (author) Molecular oxygen in the rho Ophiuchi cloud 2007 In: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 466:3, s. 5- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Context: Molecular oxygen, O2, has been expected historically to be an abundant component of the chemical species in molecular clouds and, as such, an important coolant of the dense interstellar medium. However, a number of attempts from both ground and from space have failed to detect O2 emission.Aims: The work described here uses heterodyne spectroscopy from space to search for molecular oxygen in the interstellar medium. Methods: The Odin satellite carries a 1.1 m sub-millimeter dish and a dedicated 119 GHz receiver for the ground state line of O2. Starting in 2002, the star forming molecular cloud core ρ Oph A was observed with Odin for 34 days during several observing runs.Results: We detect a spectral line at v_LSR =+3.5 km s-1 with Δ v_FWHM=1.5 km s-1, parameters which are also common to other species associated with ρ Oph A. This feature is identified as the O2 (NJ = 11 - 1_0) transition at 118 750.343 MHz.Conclusions: The abundance of molecular oxygen, relative to H{2} , is 5 × 10-8 averaged over the Odin beam. This abundance is consistently lower than previously reported upper limits.Based on observations with Odin, a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes) and Centre National d'Étude Spatiale (CNES). The Swedish Space Corporation has been the industrial prime contractor and also is operating the satellite. Appendix A is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
46.	Molin, Ylva, et al. (author) Are antiviral effects of arsenic trioxide in coxsackievirus B3 infection associated with NFκB and IFN-γ expression in infected mouse tissues? Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Today, efficient antiviral drugs targeting acute RNA virus infections, such as coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are lacking. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) was recently found to impair the replication of CVB3 in vitro and in vivo, but it is unknown whether this antiviral effect of As2O3 involves immune-mediated effects. In this study CVB3-infected Balb/c mice were intraperitoneally treated daily with 1 mg As2O3/kg bw for 3, 5 or 7 days. The expression of two genes mediating host defence reactions, nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and interferon γ (IFN-γ), was measured by real-time PCR in the liver, brain and pancreas. In the infected brain As2O3 treatment resulted in an earlier response of IFN-γ, i.e. mice were positive 2 days earlier in the treatment group, but the treatment had no effect on NFκB. In the infected pancreas and liver the expression of both IFN-γ and NFκB remained unaffected by As2O3 treatment. To conclude, As2O3 treatment during infection did not affect NFκB or IFN-γ, except for IFN-γ in the brain. Thus, a reasonable conclusion is that As evolves its antiviral effects mainly by a direct effect on the replication process and to a lesser extent through general host defence-mediated mechanisms.
47.	Molin, Ylva, et al. (author) Arsenic trioxide affects the trace element balance in tissues in infected and healthy mice differently 2009 In: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 29:1, s. 83-90 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Acquired infections are common in cancer patients. As2O3 treatment and infections affect the body's trace element balance. However, it is unknown whether concomitant infections cause adverse element interactions that endanger the safety and therapeutic effect of As2O3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Coxsackievirus B3-infected mice were treated with 1.0 mg As2O3/kg bw for 3, 5 or 7 days. Arsenic, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and selenium were measured (ICP-MS) in serum, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, intestine and brain. Virus in serum was followed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The infection increased As in all organs except the intestine, whereas selenium concentration decreased in all organs except the heart and brain. The infection markedly reduced magnesium in the heart. CONCLUSION: As2O3 treatment results in pronounced differences in trace elements between healthy and infected individuals. This finding is important to consider, regarding treatment safety and efficacy, when As2O3 therapy is used in the clinical setting.
48.	Molin, Ylva, et al. (author) Arsenic trioxide influences viral replication in target organs of coxsackievirus B3-infected mice 2010 In: Microbes and infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1286-4579 .- 1769-714X. ; 12:12-13, s. 1027-1034 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract New antiviral agents are urgently needed. Based on in vitro studies, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) seems to affect viral replication, although this has been studied only marginally in vivo. In this study the replication of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) was studied in Balb/c mice administered 1 mg As2O3/kg bw once daily during 7 days of infection and in Vero cells exposed for 3 or 5 days to 0.4, 2 or 4 µM As2O3. Viral RNA was measured by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) (in vitro and in vivo) and arsenic concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (in vivo). In vivo, As2O3 decreased viral RNA in the brain on days 3 (by 81%; p<0.05) and 7 (by 97%; p<0.01) and in the pancreas on day 7 (by 75%; p<0.05), two of the target organs of this infection. The results were confirmed in vitro, where As2O3 dose-dependently reduced viral RNA, with the effect being more pronounced in the surrounding culture medium than inside the infected cells, indicating an impaired virion release. Thus, As2O3 reduced CVB3 replication both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that As2O3 is a viable option in the pursuit of new therapeutic agents against viral infections.
49.	Molin, Ylva, et al. (author) Sequential effects of daily arsenic trioxide treatment on essential and nonessential trace elements in tissues in mice 2008 In: Anti-Cancer Drugs. - 0959-4973 .- 1473-5741. ; 19:8, s. 812-8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Despite arsenic's (As) toxic potential, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is used as a safe and effective treatment in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. However, it is unknown whether such therapy influences the balance of other trace elements in the body. In this study, mice were treated intraperitoneally daily with 1.0 mg As2O3/kg bw for 3, 5 or 7 days. As, and seven essential and nonessential trace elements with the potential to interact with As, were measured through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in serum, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, intestine and brain. As2O3 supplementation increased As in all target tissues on day 3, thereafter reaching an almost steady state. The major findings in other elements were a sequential decrease in serum zinc (on day 7 by 64%; P<0.001), and a decrease in selenium in the pancreas on day 3 (9%; P<0.05), in the intestine on day 3 (30%; P<0.001) and finally, in the brain on days 5 (12%; P<0.05) and 7 (15%; P<0.01). Changes in magnesium, iron, copper, cadmium and mercury were minor and inconsistent. This study suggests that supplementation with other trace elements may be beneficial when As2O3 treatment regimens are used in the clinic.
50.	Molin, Ylva, et al. (author) Viral RNA kinetics is associated with changes in trace elements in target organs of Coxsackie virus B3 infection 2009 In: Microbes and infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1286-4579 .- 1769-714X. ; 11:4, s. 493-499 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Trace elements are pivotal for the host defense, as well as potentially important for viral replication and virulence. Studies of sequential changes in viral replication in target organs of infection are sparse and a possible association with changes in specific trace elements is unknown. In this study Balb/c mice were infected with Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3). Results indicated that sequential changes in viral replication (RT-PCR) were related to changes in trace element (arsenic, copper, iron, selenium and zinc) concentrations (as determined by ICP-MS) on days 3, 5 and 7 of the infection in serum, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen, intestine and brain. After an initial viral peak on day 3, viral load drastically decreased in all organs, i.e. by >99% (serum), 97% (lung), 98% (liver), 60% (pancreas), 95% (kidney) and 93% (spleen), except in the heart, intestine and brain in which viral load increased after day 3. Selenium decreased in all organs except the heart while arsenic decreased in all organs except the kidney, spleen and brain. Moreover, selenium was negatively correlated to viral load in serum, liver, pancreas and intestine. To conclude, these findings give evidence that trace elements are directly involved in the replication of CVB3.

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