| 1. |
- Andershed, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathic personality works better than CU traits for predicting fearlessness and ADHD symptoms in children with conduct problems
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Children with early-onset conduct problems (CP) are at great risk for future behavior problems, and this risk seems to increase when CP co-occur with psychopathic traits. Even though studies are indicating that the entire psychopathic personality construct may be more useful in designating a meaningful subgroup of children with CP, research on psychopathic traits and CP in childhood have mainly focused on the role of callous unemo-tional (CU) traits. Prospective longitudinal data of 1,867 3- to 5-year-olds (47% girls) followed annually for two years was used to compare groups of children with different combinations of CP and psychopathic traits on fearlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symp-toms. Children with CP and psychopathic personality had higher baseline and stable levels of fearlessness and ADHD symptoms than children with CP only or children with CP and concurrent CU traits. They were also more likely to display stable levels of the very risky combination of CP and ADHD symptoms. Results were similar for boys and girls. Findings indicate that there are reasons to consider other traits and behaviors as specifiers for subgroups of children with CP over and above CU traits, in order to optimize both diagnostic practice and treatment outcomes.
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| 2. |
- Bergstrøm, Henriette, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathic traits during early childhood : Stable over time or rapidly changing?
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although research has shown psychopathic traits to be moderately to highly stable in late childhood and adolescence, little is known about stability in early childhood, specifically in preschool age. The current study was designed to fill this knowledge gap by assessing stability of psychopathic traits in a large community sample (n = 2,121) of three- to five-year-olds (47% girls) across a two-year time span. The sample displayed stable levels of Grandiose-Deceitful (GD), Callous-Unemotional (CU) and Impulsivity, Need for Stimulation (INS) traits. However, the degree of stability varieda cross these three traits dimensions, and by level of analysis, age, and gender. Rank-order stability ranged from low to very high, but effect sizes indicated less stability than on the mean level, where changes were detected but with small effect sizes, thus demonstrating high stability. This trend emerged for both genders, across development, and age. At an individual level, the great majority of the sample displayed stable levels of psychopathic traits to a large extent, with small gender and age differences. The current study is one of the first that investigates stability in children as young as three years old, and it highlights the possibility of measuring psychopathic traits in early childhood.
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| 3. |
- Colins, Olivier F., et al.
(författare)
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A New Measure to Assess Psychopathic Personality in Children : The Child Problematic Traits Inventory
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505. ; 36:1, s. 4-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the development of psychopathic personality from childhood to adulthood is crucial for understanding the development and stability of severe and long-lasting conduct problems and criminal behavior. This paper describes the development of a new teacher rated instrument to assess psychopathic personality from age three to 12, the Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI). The reliability and validity of the CPTI was tested in a Swedish general population sample of 2,056 3- to 5-year-olds (mean age = 3.86; SD = .86; 53 % boys). The CPTI items loaded distinctively on three theoretically proposed factors: a Grandiose-Deceitful Factor, a Callous-Unemotional factor, and an Impulsive-Need for Stimulation factor. The three CPTI factors showed reliability in internal consistency and external validity, in terms of expected correlations with theoretically relevant constructs (e.g., fearlessness). The interaction between the three CPTI factors was a stronger predictor of concurrent conduct problems than any of the three individual CPTI factors, showing that it is important to assess all three factors of the psychopathic personality construct in early childhood. In conclusion, the CPTI seems to reliably and validly assess a constellation of traits that is similar to psychopathic personality as manifested in adolescence and adulthood.
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| 4. |
- Colins, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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The Child Problematic Traits Inventory in a Dutch General Population Sample of 3- to 7-Year-Old Children
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - : Hogrefe. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 34:5, s. 336-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI) is a new teacher rated instrument to assess psychopathic personality traits in children. This is the first study to test the psychometric properties of the Dutch CPTI. Teachers completed the CPTI for 287 3- to 7-year old-children. Results from confirmatory factor analysis supported the proposed 3-factor structure of the CPTI. The CPTI total score and three factor scores were internally consistent and showed the expected correlations with external criterion measures that have been linked to psychopathic personality, including conduct problems, proactive and reactive aggression, and temperament. This study also provides novel evidence that CPTI factor scores were positively related to an alternative measure of callous-unemotional traits, thereby supporting the criterion validity of the CPTI scores. In conclusion, this study replicates and extends prior tests of the CPTI in Sweden and suggests that the Dutch version of the CPTI holds promise as a teacher rated tool for assessing psychopathic traits in childhood.
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| 5. |
- Doyle, Maria, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Feelings of safety in the presence of the police, security guards and police volunteers
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Uniformed presences are thought to create feelings of safety in people. However, do different uniformed people contribute to the same amount of safety and are there differences dependent on the situation? The present study examined the association between various types of uniformed presence and people’s feelings of safety through a questionnaire among 352 respondents (18-86 years) (49.1 % women). The questionnaire contained pictures of relatively safe and unsafe situations with or without uniformed presence. The respondents estimated how safe they thought they would feel in these situations with and without two police officers, six police officers, a police car, two security guards, or two police volunteers. The results showed that uniformed presence does not increase feelings of safety in an already relatively safe situation, making patrol unnecessary. In relatively unsafe situations however, all types of uniformed presence increase feelings of safety. Foot patrolling police increased feelings of safety the most. Security guards and police volunteers created approximately the same amount of safety; making police volunteers a cost-effective alternative, although some situation, gender and age differences were found. All types of foot patrol were better than vehicle patrol (with some gender differences), making non-police groups an alternative to vehicle patrol.
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| 6. |
- Doyle, Maria, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Feelings of safety in the presence of the police, security guards and police volunteers
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. - : Springer. - 0928-1371 .- 1572-9869. ; 22:1, s. 19-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uniformed presence is commonly thought to create feelings of safety in people.However, do differently uniformed people contribute to an equal amount of safety and arethere situation-dependent differences? The present study examined the association betweenvarious types of uniformed presence and people’s feelings of safety through a questionnaireamong 352 respondents (18–86 years) (49.1 % women). The questionnaire contained picturesof situations perceived as relatively safe and unsafe with or without uniformed presence. Therespondents estimated how safe they thought they would feel in these situations with nouniformed presence, two police officers, six police officers, a police vehicle, two securityguards, or two police volunteers. Results showed that uniformed presence did not increasefeelings of safety in a situation perceived as relatively safe, making patrol unnecessary. Insituations perceived as relatively unsafe however, all types of uniformed presence increasedfeelings of safety. Foot patrolling police contributed to the greatest increase in feelings ofsafety. Security guards and police volunteers created similar amounts of feelings of safetymaking police volunteers a cost-effective alternative. All types of foot patrol were better thanvehicle patrol, making non-police groups an alternative to vehicle patrol. Some situational,gender, and age differences were found.
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| 7. |
- Doyle, Maria, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Feelings of safety in the presence of the police, security guards and police volunteers
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Uniformed presences are thought to create feelings of safety in people. However, do different uniformed people contribute to the same amount of safety and are there differences dependent on the situation? The present study examined the association between various types of uniformed presence and people’s feelings of safety through a questionnaire among 352 respondents (18-86 years) (49.1 % women). The questionnaire contained pictures of relatively safe and unsafe situations with or without uniformed presence. The respondents estimated how safe they thought they would feel in these situations with and without two police officers, six police officers, a police car, two security guards, or two police volunteers. The results showed that uniformed presence does not increase feelings of safety in an already relatively safe situation, making patrol unnecessary. In relatively unsafe situations however, all types of uniformed presence increase feelings of safety. Foot patrolling police increased feelings of safety the most. Security guards and police volunteers created approximately the same amount of safety; making police volunteers a cost-effective alternative, although some situation, gender and age differences were found. All types of foot patrol were better than vehicle patrol (with some gender differences), making non-police groups an alternative to vehicle patrol.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Ida, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Temperamental and personality dimensions associated with stability and change of conduct problems and CU traits during childhood
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with early onset conduct problems are at risk for long lasting psychosocial problems, which is especially true for children who also dis-play Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits. Very few studies have investigated the co-development of conduct problems and CU traits across time and none have done so in preschool years. In this study, we examined joint tra-jectories/groups of conduct problems and CU traits and examine whether temperamental and personality dimensions are associated with stability and change of co-occurring conduct problems and CU traits during early childhood. A longitudinal data base (the SOFIA study) was used in which children (n = 2121) were followed longitudinally at ages 3–5 years, 4–6 years, and 5–7 years. The Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI) was used as the measure of psychopathic traits. Results suggested that children exhibiting high conduct problems and CU traits over time were charac-terized by deviations in temperament (fearlessness and low levels of easy temperament) and psychopathic personality dimensions. Children with decreasing or increasing conduct problems and CU traits were character-ized by marked decreases and increases respectively on temperamental and personality dimensions. In contrast, children with high conduct problems but low CU traits over time were characterized by less deviation on tem-peramental and personality dimensions compared to all other groups of children except the children with low conduct problems and low CU traits. In conclusion, specific temperamental and personality dimensions seem to be closely associated with stability and change of conduct problems and CU traits during the preschool years. Temperamental and personali-ty dimensions associated with the development of conduct problems and CU traits are changeable over time and may constitute key dimensions in preventive efforts.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Frogner, Louise, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood Psychopathic Personality and Callous-Unemotional Traits in the Prediction of Conduct Problems
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0002-9432 .- 1939-0025. ; 88:2, s. 211-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzed data from a prospective longitudinal study of Swedish preschoolers to examine whether psychopathic traits and concurrent conduct problems predict future conduct problems (CP) across 1- and 2-year follow-ups into early childhood. We tested the predictive ability of psychopathic traits while controlling for concurrent CP, and also by combining psychopathic traits with concurrent CP. A community sample of 1,867 preschoolers (47% girls) ages 3 to 5 years at baseline was recruited from a Swedish medium-sized municipality. Results from multivariate regression analyses showed that psychopathic traits alone (without co-occurring CP) did not consistently predict continuing childhood CP, but did so, among both boys and girls, in combination with concurrent conduct problems. It is important to note that, the combination of concurrent CP and the entire psychopathic personality, that is, a 3-dimensional psychopathic construct, was a stronger predictor of continuing childhood CP than the combination of concurrent CP and Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits among boys but not among girls.
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| 12. |
- Frogner, Louise, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathic Personality Works Better than CU Traits for Predicting Fearlessness and ADHD Symptoms among Children with Conduct Problems
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505. ; 40:1, s. 26-39
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with early-onset conduct problems (CP) are at great risk for future behavior problems, and this risk seems to increase when CP co-occur with psychopathic traits. Even though studies are indicating that the entire psychopathic personality construct may be more useful in designating a meaningful subgroup of children with CP, research on psychopathic traits and CP in childhood have mainly focused on the role of callous unemotional (CU) traits. Prospective longitudinal data of 1867 3- to 5-year-olds (47% girls) followed annually for two years was used to compare groups of children with different combinations of CP and psychopathic traits on fearlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Children with CP and psychopathic personality had higher baseline and stable levels of ADHD symptoms than children with CP only or children with CP and concurrent CU traits, while baseline levels of fearlessness did not differ. They were also more likely to display stable levels of the risky combination of CP and ADHD symptoms. Results were similar for boys and girls. Findings indicate that there are reasons to consider other traits and behaviors as specifiers for subgroups of children with CP over and above CU traits, in order to optimize both diagnostic practice and treatment outcomes.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Frogner, Louise, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Stability and Change in Early Social Skills Development in Relation to Early School Performance : A Longitudinal Study of a Swedish Cohort
- 2022
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Ingår i: Early Education and Development. - : Routledge. - 1040-9289 .- 1556-6935. ; 33:1, s. 17-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research Findings: This study aimed to investigate the developmental path of social skills in early childhood, the associated predictors, and its impact on later school performance. This prospective longitudinal study included 2,121 children, ages 3-5 at baseline, from the general population in a mid-sized Swedish municipality. Results show both stability and change in social skills. Stable low social skills increased the risk for poor school performance, while stable high social skills increased the chance for good school performance in primary school. With some notable gender differences, both individual and family factors were significant predictors of stable low and stable high paths of social skills during early childhood.Practice or Policy: Whether the goal is to improve children’s social skills or their performance in school, this study provides important clues for prevention. We identified several potential targets for interventions to promote early social skills development, which may in turn promote positive school performance. It is also notable that there seem to be gender differences in which factors are important, indicating the need for gender-differentiated interventions.
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| 16. |
- Frogner, Louise, 1983-
(författare)
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The Development of Conduct Problems in Early Childhood : The Role of Psychopathic Traits and Psychopathic Personality
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research has shown that children displaying conduct problems (CP) early in life are at greater risk for severe CP and other negative outcomes later in life. However, not all children with early-onset CP will develop severe CP over the life-course. Thus, it is important to identify those at greater risk, preferably as early as possible, in order to adequately prevent a negative development. Psychopathic traits have received much attention in research on risk for severe CP, involving attempts to extend these traits, and their association to CP to childhood. However, research has thus far mainly focused on one dimension of psychopathic traits, that is callousunemotional (CU) traits, to some extent neglecting two other dimensions of traits commonly included in a psychopathic personality: an interpersonal, and a behavioural dimension. Hence, we still do not know if a full psychopathic personality is identifiable in early childhood, and if and how it is related to the development of severe and persistent CP. The aim of this dissertation was to examine if a psychopathic personality could be identified in early childhood, if psychopathic traits are stable over time, and if and how the psychopathic personality is related to childhood CP. Overall, the results show that psychopathic traits, as well as the display of a psychopathic personality, could be identified in early childhood. These traits were stable over time, and they were clearly and strongly related to childhood CP. Additionally, the combination of early-onset CP and a full psychopathic personality seems to be the most precarious for severe and persistent CP, even more so than the combination of CP and CU traits. With careful consideration to ethical aspects, these results are discussed both in relation to a developmental psychopathology perspective on CP, as well as in relation to diagnostic practice as it is framed today.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Hellfeldt, Karin, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding preschool precursors to early school adjustment
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Positive early school adjustment has been suggested to provide an important base for future school performance. In fact, positive adjustment to school has emerged as one of the key factors for educational performance and lower rates of psychosocial and conduct problems. Thus, it is essential that we come to a better understanding of why some children exhibit positive early school adjustment while others do not. School adjustment is a comprehensive term, describing how children adapt both socially, behaviorally and academically, including aspects such as (i) children’s connectedness to school, i.e., liking school, (ii) children’s school involvement, i.e., school avoidance and task engagement and, (iii) children’s school performance, i.e., academic achievement. This presentation will give the outline for, and some preliminary descriptive results from a research project aimed at advancing knowledge and identifying the various developmental pathways of potential influential factors on school adjustment; early childhood risk and protective factors that are related to early positive and negative school adjustment. Potential risk and protective factors that will be studied include various preschool/school factors, family and parent-child factors, peer factors, and specific individual factors of the child. The study uses data from four waves of the SOFIA-study, an ongoing prospective longitudinal research program including all children born between 2005 and 2007 attending preschools during the spring of 2010 (>2,000 children) in a midsized Swedish municipality. The knowledge produced in this project can be used to develop strategies and interventions to promote early positive school adjustment, and to prevent early negative school adjustment.
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| 20. |
- Klingzell, Ida, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Early Childhood Trajectories of Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits : The Role of Fearlessness and Psychopathic Personality Dimensions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. - : Springer. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327. ; 47:2, s. 236-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with early onset of conduct problems (CP) are at risk for long lasting psychosocial problems, especially if CP co-occurs with callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Joint trajectories of CP and CU traits during early childhood were identified using data from the SOFIA study, following 2031 children longitudinally from ages 3-5 to 5-7 years. The results showed that children exhibiting stable high CP and CU traits were characterized by high levels of fearlessness, and psychopathic traits, including grandiose-deceitfulness, and impulsivity, need for stimulation. Children with decreasing or increasing CP and CU traits were characterized by decreases and increases respectively in their levels of fearlessness and psychopathic traits. Children high on CP and low on CU traits exhibited lower levels of these dimensions. Thus, stability and change of fearlessness and psychopathic traits are associated with stability and change in CP and CU traits, making these temperamental and personality traits promising target candidates for early intervention.
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| 21. |
- Tuvblad, Catherine, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral Genetics of Aggression and Intermittent Explosive Disorder
- 2019
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Ingår i: Intermittent Explosive Disorder. - : Academic Press. - 9780128138588 ; , s. 17-35
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aggression has been consistently shown to have a large genetic component based on findings from behavioral genetic studies. However, candidate gene and GWA studies on aggression have not identified a significant genetic marker. This does not mean that there are no genes relevant for aggression, but possibly indicates a complex interplay between various genetic components and environmental factors/triggers in aggression. Additionally, distinct forms of aggressive behavior (e.g., reactive, proactive, direct /physical, indirect/relational) may differ in their underlying neurobiological mechanisms. The extent to which environment affects epigenetic processes may depend on genotype, as well as other factors such as age, sex, and developmental history. The nonlinear occurrence of aggression over the lifetime (. Petersen, Bates, Dodge, Lansford, & Pettit, 2015) hints the involvement of developmental processes in the manifestation of aggression. Also, pathological aggression is highly comorbid with numerous psychiatric disorders and the concept of aggression is very heterogeneous, which further increases the complexity in the search for genetic and epigenetic markers. Notably, while most clinical studies focus on antisocial personality disorder, (epi)genetic research in psychiatric disorders that have aggression as a core symptom (such as IED) is scarce. Multidisciplinary collaborative research of genetic and epigenetic factors at various ages throughout the lifespan in well-characterized clinical and nonclinical study samples is needed to further shed light on the specific genetic and epigenetic contributions to (different types of) aggression including IED.
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