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| 11. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 12. |
- Furukawa, T. A., et al.
(författare)
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Dismantling, optimising, and personalising internet cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis using individual data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lancet Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 2215-0374 .- 2215-0366. ; 8:6, s. 500-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Findings We identified 76 RCTs, including 48 trials contributing individual participant data (11 704 participants) and 28 trials with aggregate data (6474 participants). The participants' weighted mean age was 42.0 years and 12 406 (71%) of 17 521 reported were women. There was suggestive evidence that behavioural activation might be beneficial (iMD -1.83 [95% credible interval (CrI) -2.90 to -0.80]) and that relaxation might be harmful (1.20 [95% CrI 0.17 to 2.27]). Baseline severity emerged as the strongest prognostic factor for endpoint depression. Combining human and automated encouragement reduced dropouts from treatment (incremental odds ratio, 0.32 [95% CrI 0.13 to 0.93]). The risk of bias was low for the randomisation process, missing outcome data, or selection of reported results in most of the included studies, uncertain for deviation from intended interventions, and high for measurement of outcomes. There was moderate to high heterogeneity among the studies and their components. 511
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| 13. |
- Wannigama, D. L., et al.
(författare)
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Multiple traces of monkeypox detected in non-sewered wastewater with sparse sampling from a densely populated metropolitan area in Asia
- 2023
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Ingår i: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The monkeypox virus is excreted in the feces of infected individuals. Therefore, there is an interest in using viral load detection in wastewater for sentinel early surveillance at a community level and as a complementary approach to syndromic surveillance. We collected wastewater from 63 sewered and non-sewered locations in Bangkok city center between May and August 2022. Monkeypox viral DNA copy numbers were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed positive by Sanger sequencing. Monkeypox viral DNA was first detected in waste-water from the second week of June 2022, with a mean copy number of 16.4 copies/ml (n = 3). From the first week of July, the number of viral DNA copies increased to a mean copy number of 45.92 copies/ml. Positive samples were Sanger sequenced and confirmed the presence of the monkeypox virus. Our study is the first to detect monkeypox viral DNA in wastewater from various locations within Thailand. Results suggest that this could be a complementary source for detecting viral DNA and predicting upcoming outbreaks.
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| 14. |
- Abramowski, A., et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting the Westerlund 2 field with the HESS telescope array
- 2011
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 525, s. A46-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. Previous observations with the HESS telescope array revealed the existence of extended very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission, HESS J1023-575, coincident with the young stellar cluster Westerlund 2. At the time of discovery, the origin of the observed emission was not unambiguously identified, and follow-up observations have been performed to further investigate the nature of this gamma-ray source. Methods. The Carina region towards the open cluster Westerlund 2 has been re-observed, increasing the total exposure to 45.9 h. The combined dataset includes 33 h of new data and now permits a search for energy-dependent morphology and detailed spectroscopy. Results. A new, hard spectrum VHE gamma-ray source, HESS J1026-582, was discovered with a statistical significance of 7 sigma. It is positionally coincident with the Fermi LAT pulsar PSRJ1028-5819. The positional coincidence and radio/gamma-ray characteristics of the LAT pulsar favors a scenario where the TeV emission originates from a pulsar wind nebula. The nature of HESS J1023-575 is discussed in light of the deep HESS observations and recent multi-wavelength discoveries, including the Fermi LAT pulsar PSRJ1022-5746 and giant molecular clouds in the region. Despite the improved VHE dataset, a clear identification of the object responsible for the VHE emission from HESS J1023-575 is not yet possible, and contribution from the nearby high-energy pulsar and/or the open cluster remains a possibility.
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| 15. |
- Wannigama, D. L., et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 monitoring with sparse sampling of sewered and non-sewered wastewater in urban and rural communities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Iscience. ; 26:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Equitable SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in low-resource communities lacking centralized sewers is critical as wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) progresses. However, large-scale studies on SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater from low-and middle-income countries is limited because of economic and technical reasons. In this study, wastewater samples were collected twice a month from 186 urban and rural subdistricts in nine provinces of Thailand mostly having decentralized and non-sewered sanitation infrastructure and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA variants using allele-specific RT-qPCR. Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration was used to estimate the real-time incidence and time-varying effective reproduction number (Re). Results showed an increase in SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in wastewater from urban and rural areas 14-20 days earlier than infected individuals were officially reported. It also showed that community/food markets were ''hot spots'' for infected people. This approach offers an opportunity for early detection of transmission surges, allowing preparedness and potentially mitigating significant outbreaks at both spatial and temporal scales.
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| 16. |
- Cameron, A. S., et al.
(författare)
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Probing superconducting order in overdoped Cax Y1-xBa2Cu3 O7 by neutron diffraction measurements of the vortex lattice
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950. ; 108:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present small-Angle neutron scattering studies of the magnetic vortex lattice (VL) in Ca0.04Y0.96Ba2Cu3O7 up to a field of 16.7 T and Ca0.15Y0.85Ba2Cu3O7 up to 25 T to investigate the general behavior of the superconducting gap in YBCO-based compounds at high magnetic field. We find in these overdoped compounds that the series of VL structure transitions have shifted down in field relative to those reported for the undoped compound. The hole doping by calcium is expected to alter the Fermi velocity and it reduces the upper critical field of the system. However, we attribute the VL changes mainly to the weakening of the 1D superconductivity in the Cu-O chains by the disorder introduced by doping. The high-field structure of the VL is similar to recent measurements on the parent compound in even higher fields of 25 T, which indicates that the fundamental d-wave nature of the superconducting gap is unchanged by calcium doping. This is corroborated by the temperature dependence of the VL form factor, which also shows the same d-wave behavior as observed in other cuprates. We also argue that they might be the explanation of Pauli paramagnetic effects in the field dependence of the VL form factor.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Tobias A., et al.
(författare)
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Digital self-coherent continuous variable quantum key distribution system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - : Optica Publishing Group.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a continuous variable quantum key distribution system with digital tracking of both polarization and phase. Stable operation over 25km for 36 hours with secret key rates between 1.9 and 2.8 Mbit/s is demonstrated.
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| 19. |
- Hamza, T, et al.
(författare)
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A Bayesian dose-response meta-analysis model: A simulations study and application
- 2021
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Ingår i: Statistical methods in medical research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0334 .- 0962-2802. ; 30:5, s. 1358-1372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dose–response models express the effect of different dose or exposure levels on a specific outcome. In meta-analysis, where aggregated-level data is available, dose–response evidence is synthesized using either one-stage or two-stage models in a frequentist setting. We propose a hierarchical dose–response model implemented in a Bayesian framework. We develop our model assuming normal or binomial likelihood and accounting for exposures grouped in clusters. To allow maximum flexibility, the dose–response association is modelled using restricted cubic splines. We implement these models in R using JAGS and we compare our approach to the one-stage dose–response meta-analysis model in a simulation study. We found that the Bayesian dose–response model with binomial likelihood has lower bias than the Bayesian model with normal likelihood and the frequentist one-stage model when studies have small sample size. When the true underlying shape is log–log or half-sigmoid, the performance of all models depends on choosing an appropriate location for the knots. In all other examined situations, all models perform very well and give practically identical results. We also re-analyze the data from 60 randomized controlled trials (15,984 participants) examining the efficacy (response) of various doses of serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant drugs. All models suggest that the dose–response curve increases between zero dose and 30–40 mg of fluoxetine-equivalent dose, and thereafter shows small decline. We draw the same conclusion when we take into account the fact that five different antidepressants have been studied in the included trials. We show that implementation of the hierarchical model in Bayesian framework has similar performance to, but overcomes some of the limitations of the frequentist approach and offers maximum flexibility to accommodate features of the data.
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| 21. |
- Hamza, T, et al.
(författare)
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A dose-effect network meta-analysis model with application in antidepressants using restricted cubic splines
- 2022
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Ingår i: Statistical methods in medical research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0334 .- 0962-2802. ; , s. 9622802211070256-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Network meta-analysis has been used to answer a range of clinical questions about the preferred intervention for a given condition. Although the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological agents depend on the dose administered, network meta-analysis applications typically ignore the role that drugs dosage plays in the results. This leads to more heterogeneity in the network. In this paper, we present a suite of network meta-analysis models that incorporate the dose–effect relationship using restricted cubic splines. We extend existing models into a dose–effect network meta-regression to account for study-level covariates and for groups of agents in a class-effect dose–effect network meta-analysis model. We apply our models to a network of aggregate data about the efficacy of 21 antidepressants and placebo for depression. We find that all antidepressants are more efficacious than placebo after a certain dose. Also, we identify the dose level at which each antidepressant's effect exceeds that of placebo and estimate the dose beyond which the effect of antidepressants no longer increases. When covariates were introduced to the model, we find that studies with small sample size tend to exaggerate antidepressants efficacy for several of the drugs. Our dose–effect network meta-analysis model with restricted cubic splines provides a flexible approach to modelling the dose–effect relationship in multiple interventions. Decision-makers can use our model to inform treatment choice.
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| 23. |
- Hamza, T, et al.
(författare)
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Dose-effect meta-analysis for psychopharmacological interventions using randomised data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Evidence-based mental health. - : BMJ. - 1468-960X .- 1362-0347. ; 25:1, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current practice in meta-analysis of the effects of psychopharmacological interventions ignors the administered dose or restricts the analysis in a dose range. This may introduce unnecessary uncertainty and heterogeneity. Methods have been developed to integrate the dose–effect models in meta-analysis.MethodsWe describe the two-stage and the one-stage models to conduct a dose–effect meta-analysis using common or random effects methods. We illustrate the methods on a dataset of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. The dataset comprises 60 randomised controlled trials. The dose–effect is measured on an odds ratio scale and is modelled using restricted cubic splines to detect departure from linearity.ResultsThe estimated summary curve indicates that the probability of response increases up to 30 mg/day of fluoxetine-equivalent which results in reaching 50% probability to respond. Beyond 40 mg/day, no further increase in the response is observed. The one-stage model includes all studies, resulting in slightly less uncertainty than the two-stage model where only part of the data is analysed.ConclusionsThe dose–effect meta-analysis enables clinicians to understand how the effect of a drug changes as a function of its dose. Such analysis should be conducted in practice using the one-stage model that incorporates evidence from all available studies.
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| 24. |
- Kono, N., et al.
(författare)
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Inverse internal conversion in C4- below the electron detachment threshold
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 17:38, s. 24732-24737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inverse internal conversion followed by recurrent fluorescence was observed as a fast decay (10 μs range) in the time profile of neutral yields from photo-excited C4- molecular ions. We also elucidated the contribution of such electronic radiative cooling to the C4- ions with internal energy far below the detachment threshold by an alternative novel approach, observing the laser wavelength and storage time dependence (ms range) of the total yield of the photo-induced neutrals.
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| 25. |
- Luis, R. S., et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration of a 1 Pb/s spatial channel network node
- 2019
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Ingår i: IET Conference Publications. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate a petabit-class hierarchical SDM switching node with granularity from 10 Tb/s to 1 Pb/s. We address spatial bypassing network scenarios, optical channel grooming, spatial multiplex section protection switching, and optical channels using coupled and uncoupled spatial channels.
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| 28. |
- Rademacher, G., et al.
(författare)
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10.66 Peta-Bit/s Transmission over a 38-Core-Three-Mode Fiber
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, OFC 2020 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate transmission of 368-WDM-38-core-3-mode × 24.5-GBaud 64- and 256-QAM signals over 13 km. Record data-rate and spectral-efficiency of 1158.7 b/s/Hz were enabled by a low DMD 38-core-3-mode fiber with high uniformity amongst cores.
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| 29. |
- Rademacher, G., et al.
(författare)
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High capacity transmission with few-mode fibers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 37:2, s. 425-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally investigate high-capacity few-mode fiber transmission for short and medium-haul optical links. In separate experiments, we demonstrate C + L band transmission of 283 Tbit/s over a single 30 km span and recirculating loop transmission of 159 Tbit/s over 1045 km graded-index three mode fiber. The first experiment reached a data-rate per fiber mode within 90% of the record data-rates reported in the same transmission bands for single-mode fibers. The second experiment demonstrated the feasibility of reaching high data-rates over long distance few-mode fiber transmission, despite strong impairments due to mode-dependent loss and differential mode delay.
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| 31. |
- Sangeetha, N. S., et al.
(författare)
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First-order antiferromagnetic transitions of SrMn2P2 and CaMn2P2 single crystals containing corrugated-honeycomb Mn sublattices
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SrMn2P2 and CaMn2P2 are insulators that adopt the trigonal CaAl2Si2-type structure containing corrugated Mn honeycomb layers. Magnetic susceptibility χ and heat capacity versus temperature T data reveal a weak first-order antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition at the Néel temperature TN=53(1) K for SrMn2P2 and a strong first-order AFM transition at TN=69.8(3) K for CaMn2P2. Both compounds exhibit isotropic and nearly T-independent χ(T≤TN), suggesting magnetic structures in which nearest-neighbor moments are aligned at ≈120° to each other. The 31P NMR measurements confirm the strong first-order transition in CaMn2P2 but show critical slowing down above TN for SrMn2P2, thus also evidencing second-order character. The 31P NMR measurements indicate that the AFM structure of CaMn2P2 is commensurate with the lattice whereas that of SrMn2P2 is incommensurate. These first-order AFM transitions are unique among the class of (Ca, Sr, Ba)Mn2 (P, As, Sb, Bi)2 compounds that otherwise exhibit second-order AFM transitions. This result challenges our understanding of the circumstances under which first-order AFM transitions occur.
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| 32. |
- Shimada, A., et al.
(författare)
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Neural signal transmission measurements with a conductive polymer microelectrode array
- 2009
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Ingår i: IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems. - : Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan). - 0385-4221 .- 1348-8155. ; 129:2, s. 267-271+10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neural activity of dissociated cultures of mouse cerebral cortical neurons was measured with a conductive polymer microelectrode array. Each electrode was electrochemically polymerized from (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)- poly(styrenesulfonate) and ethylenedioxythiophene on indium tin oxide electrodes. The spike activity of the cortical neurons was measured with the conducting polymer MEA and spike train cross-correlograms were calculated to predict the type of synaptic connection. Both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections were identified after 6-8 days in vitro. These results show that it is possible to determine the interaction between excitatory and inhibitory neurons in relation to information processing with this new polymer electrode.
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| 33. |
- Shiromaru, H., et al.
(författare)
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Cooling dynamics of carbon cluster anions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6596 .- 1742-6588. ; 635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of ion storage experiments on small carbon cluster anions was conducted to understand size-dependent cooling processes. The laser-induced delayed electron detachment time profile show clear even/odd alternation due to the presence of the electronic cooling. The time evolution of the internal energy distribution was simulated for Cn- (n=4 to 7) with a common procedure taking vibrational and electronic cooling into account.
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| 34. |
- Suzuki, R., et al.
(författare)
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Vibrational radiative cooling of isolated C4- and C6-
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. XXX International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC2017) 26 July to 1 August 2017, Cairns, Australia. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have observed the storage-time dependence of the laser-induced electron detachment yields for the linear carbon cluster anions C4- and C6− stored in an electrostatic ion storage ring (TMU E-ring) with several laser wavelengths. The electron detachment yield reflects the decrease of the internal energy of the stored ions. We succeeded in obtaining the time evolution of the excitation energy distribution below the first dipole-allowed electronic excited energy Eex for C4- and C6−, which was well consistent to the behavior explained by vibrational IR-radiative cooling.
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| 36. |
- Thinh, N. Q., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Ga-interstitial defects in GaNyP1−y and AlxGa1−xNyP1−y
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : APS. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 70:12, s. 121201-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two Ga -interstitial (Gai) defects are identified by optically detected magnetic resonance as common grown-in defects in molecular beam epitaxial GaNyP1−y and AlxGa1−xNyP1−y. Characteristic hyperfine structure arising from spin interaction between an unpaired electron and a Ga nucleus is clearly resolved. The observed strong and nearly isotropic hyperfine interaction reveals an electron wave function of A1 symmetry that is highly localized at the Gai and thus a deep-level defect. Our analysis based on first-principles calculations suggests that these defects are complexes containing one Gai2+ .
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Thinh, N.Q., et al.
(författare)
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Properties of Ga-interstitial defects in AlxGa 1-xNyP1-y
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 71:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A detailed account of the experimental results from optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) studies of grown-in defects in (Al)GaNP alloys, prepared by molecular beam epitaxy, is presented. The experimental procedure and an in-depth analysis by a spin Hamiltonian lead to the identification of two Gai defects (Gai-A and Gai-B). New information on the electronic properties of these defects and the recombination processes leading to the observation of the ODMR signals will be provided. These defects are deep-level defects. In conditions when the defect is directly involved in radiative recombination of the near-infrared photoluminescence band, the energy level of the Gai-B defect was estimated to be deeper than ~1.2 eV from either the conduction or valence band edge. In most cases, however, these defects act as nonradiative recombination centers, reducing the efficiency of light emission from the alloys. They can thus undermine the performance of potential photonic devices. High thermal stability is observed for these defects. ©2005 The American Physical Society.
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