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- Bergdahl, Björn, 1940-, et al.
(författare)
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EDIT-projekti. PBL : n verkkoskenaariot haastavat opiskelijat ajattelemaan
- 2006
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Ingår i: Ongelmapaperustaisen oppomisen verkko. - Tampere : Timo portimojärvi. - 9789514468216 - 951446821X ; , s. -196
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kirjassa yhdistyy kaksi runsaasti huomiota saanutta oppimisen, opiskelun ja opetuksen näkökulmaa - välillä yhdessä välillä erikseen. Ongelmaperustainen oppiminen on jo vakiintunut useissa oppilaitoksissa, ja verkko-opiskelu lisääntyy ja kehittyy joustavan opiskelun muotona. Kirja on ensimmäinen suomalainen ongelmaperustaisen oppimisen ja verkko-opiskelun yhdistämiseen keskittyvä kirja.
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- Forsum, Urban, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Literary fiction in the medical programme
- 2006
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Ingår i: Celebrating the past by expanding the future.. - : Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - 9185643076 ; , s. 38-40
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the fall of 2006, the Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) celebrates its 20th birthday. Linköping has a long tradition of health education; our nursing programme started already in 1895 and occupational therapy began in 1965. From the late 1960’s, medical students from Uppsala spent their last seven semesters in Linköping, mainly for clinical studies. After some years, academic and teachers from the young faculty, together with the county council, realized the enormous potential benefits of a complete undergraduate medical programme at Linköping University. Inspired by apparent innovations from McMaster University in Canada, Maastricht in Holland, Ben Gurion in Israel and Tromsø in Norway, these ideas and ideals were gradually turned into reality. In a complicated process, concerning the life or death of the medical faculty, a close co-operation between the University and the County Council of Östergötland was extremely fruitful. A proposal regarding a complete medical programme, and study periods integrated between the other health education programmes, was forwarded to the Swedish government in December 1982 and approved in 1984.
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- Fyrenius, Anna, 1969-
(författare)
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Dynamiskt lärande : En ämnesdidaktisk avhandling om fysiologiska fenomen och läkarstudentens lärande
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is well known that the outcome of teaching and learning in higher education is often unsatisfactory. Earlier studies have shown that medical students often have a surface approach to their studies and that misconceptions of fundamental physiological phenomena are common. The aim of this thesis is to support educational practice in medicine, particularly in medical physiology. The thesis can be categorised as subject matter-specific education research, which means that questions about teaching and learning are closely linked to the subject studied. The researcher should be well acquainted with the subject in question. The subject area dealt with in this thesis is physiological phenomena related to cardiovascular pressure-flow relations.The thesis consists of studies of 3-dimensional intra cardiac pressure-flow phenomena in the heart (studies 1 and 2) and studies of how students conceive of and develop an understanding of physiological phenomena related to blood pressure and blood pressure regulation (studies 3 and 4).Flow in the left atrium as well as inflow-patterns to the left ventricle were studied. The 3-dimensional method elucidates vortical flow phenomena which were previously unknown. The findings could contribute to increasing physicians and technicians understanding of flow phenomena in the diagnosis and assessment of heart disease and to the further development of diagnostic methods. In the studies of learning and understanding of physiological phenomena, the findings point to new aspects of a deep approach to learning, which have to do with the students’ ability to change perspective and adopt a variety of learning strategies to a phenomenon (Moving) versus a tendency to hold on to one explanatory model (Holding). The study also investigates the students’ ability to identify and apply fundamental physiological principles as well as how they conceive of the importance of detailed knowledge for understanding of physiology. The findings point to differences in the students’ conceptions of physiological principles. A problemising approach, which includes not only causally described relations, indicates a more complex conception of physiological phenomena. The study shows aspects of understanding which are seldom assessed in examinations.The findings indicate a connection between the students’ approaches to learning and the quality of their understanding of fundamental physiological principles. In the thesis, teaching interventions are proposed in order to stimulate dynamic learning and a learning environment where students are not afraid to challenge their conceptions in order to acquire a rich and nuanced picture of physiological phenomena.
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- Fyrenius, Anna, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Lectures in problem-based learning - Why, when and how? An example of interactive lecturing that stimulates meaningful learning
- 2005
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Ingår i: Medical teacher. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-159X .- 1466-187X. ; 27:1, s. 61-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though opinions differ as to whether lecturing is compatible with problem-based learning (PBL) or not, lectures are still a common form of instruction in PBL curricula. This paper discusses the lecture in the framework of theories of learning in general and the medical problem-based learning tradition in particular. An example of how theories of learning can be implemented in the lecture hall is presented. Theories that underpin PBL as an educational philosophy rather than as a method of instruction are reviewed. A lecture form, organized in introductory, in depth and application lectures, that responds to important factors for stimulating deep processing of knowledge and meaningful learning is discussed. Examples of and practical points about how to renew and restructure lectures in a way that counteracts surface approaches to learning, teacher centring and student passivity are presented. We argue that, with proper awareness of possible drawbacks of the large format, lectures can be used as valuable tools for learning also in a PBL curriculum.
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- Fyrenius, Anna, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Major and minor axes of the normal mitral annulus
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Heart Valve Disease. - 0966-8519 .- 2053-2644. ; 10:2, s. 146-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim of the study: A dilated or abnormally shaped mitral annulus is a common cause of mitral valve regurgitation, and may be cured by annuloplastic surgery. Multiplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the diagnostic technique of choice. Our aim was to evaluate and suggest two-dimensional TEE reference values from a standardized procedure of measuring the mitral annular major and minor axes, and their cyclic changes. Methods: The annulus was approximated elliptic in the horizontal plane. The intercommissural (IC, major axis) and anteroposterior (AP, minor axis) distances were measured at end-systole (ES), at maximal valve opening (MO), and at end-diastole (ED) from a mid-esophageal view, in 13 men and eight women with normal echocardiographic findings. Indexed values and reproducibility were calculated. Results: The success rate was 100% at ES, 90% at MO, and 29% at ED. ES distances were largest (p <0.001) and most reproducible (5-5.9%). Body weight, but not height or age, had a significant impact. ES 95% prediction intervals for IC were 27 to 46 mm (16-23 mm/m2) and 22 to 36 mm (13-18 mm/m2) for AP (p <0.001). Corresponding body weight-corrected intervals were 0.39 to 0.59 (IC) and 0.32 to 0.48 (AP) mm/kg. No subject had IC:AP <1.1 together with an AP >0.45 mm/kg. Conclusion: Among measurements made at ES, MO and ED, those at ES provided the most reproducible results, and high-quality images were obtained in normal, non-obese subjects. The distances should be judged in relation to body weight or surface area and each other. The largest IC distance and the most elliptic shape were at ES, while the annulus was minimal at ED. The procedure and normal ranges presented may contribute to the evaluation of patients with mitral regurgitation.
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- Kristenson, Karolina, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Ventilatory efficiency in combination with peak oxygen uptake improves risk stratification in patients undergoing lobectomy
- 2022
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Ingår i: JTCVS Open. - : Elsevier. - 2666-2736. ; 11:C, s. 317-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether or not using the slope of the increase in minute ventilation in relation to carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2-slope), with a cutoff value of 35, could improve risk stratification for major pulmonary complications or death following lobectomy in lung cancer patients at moderate risk (VO2peak = 10-20 mL/kg/min). Methods: Single center, retrospective analysis of 146 patients with lung cancer who underwent lobectomy and preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing in 2008-2020. The main outcome was any major pulmonary complication or death within 30 days of surgery. Patients were categorized based on their preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing as: low-risk group, peak oxygen uptake >20 mL/kg/min; low-moderate risk, peak oxygen uptake 10 to 20 mL/kg/min and VE/VCO2-slope <35; and moderate-high risk, peak oxygen uptake 10 to 20 mL/kg/min and VE/VCO2-slope =35. The frequency of complications between groups was compared using ?2 test. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio with 95% CI for the main outcome based on the cardiopulmonary exercise testing group. Results: Overall, 25 patients (17%) experienced a major pulmonary complication or died (2 deaths). The frequency of complications differed between the cardiopulmonary exercise testing groups: 29%, 13%, and 8% in the moderate-high, low-moderate, and low-risk group, respectively (P = .023). Using the low-risk group as reference, the adjusted odds ratio for the low-moderate risk group was 3.44 (95% CI, 0.66-17.90), whereas the odds ratio for the moderate-high risk group was 8.87 (95% CI, 1.86-42.39). Conclusions: Using the VE/VCO2-slope with a cutoff value of 35 improved risk stratification for major pulmonary complications following lobectomy in lung cancer patients with moderate risk based on a peak oxygen uptake of 10 to 20 mL/kg/min. This suggests that the VE/VCO2-slope can be used for preoperative risk evaluation in lung cancer lobectomy. © 2022 The Author(s)
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| 20. |
- Wigström, Lars, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Particle trace visualization of intracardiac flow using time-resolved 3D phase contrast MRI
- 1999
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Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. - 0740-3194 .- 1522-2594. ; 41:4, s. 793-799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The flow patterns in the human heart are complex and difficult to visualize using conventional two-dimensional (2D) modalities, whether they depict a single velocity component (Doppler echocardiography) or all three components in a few slices (2D phase contrast MRI). To avoid these shortcomings, a temporally resolved 3D phase contrast technique was used to derive data describing the intracardiac velocity fields in normal volunteers. The MRI data were corrected for phase shifts caused by eddy currents and concomitant gradient fields, with improvement in the accuracy of subsequent flow visualizations. Pathlines describing the blood pathways through the heart were generated from the temporally resolved velocity data, starting from user-specified locations and time frames. Flow trajectories were displayed as 3D particle traces, with simultaneous demonstration of morphologic 2D slices. This type of visualization is intuitive and interactive and may extend our understanding of dynamic and previously unrecognized patterns of intracardiac flow.
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