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Numrering	Referens	Omslagsbild	Hitta
1.	Aalto-Sätäälä, V, et al. (författare) Competition, (de)regulation, and consumer behavior 2007 Ingår i: Symposium convened at the Nordic consumers policy conference, Helsinki,Finland. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
2.	Ahlström, Richard, 1952-, et al. (författare) Affluence and Unsustainable Consumption Levels: The Role of Consumer Credit 2020 Ingår i: Cleaner and Responsible Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7843. ; 1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Several pressures on planetary boundaries are directly linked to the production of goods and services driven by people’s ever-increasing spending of money to improve their material living standard beyond a comfortable life. The over-spending on material consumption by people in industrialized countries, and in the growing middle and upper classes of developing countries, constitutes a serious threat to the planet, does not boost individual happiness, and exposes citizens in a society to inequalities known to negatively affect their well-being. Owing to economic means and psychological factors spurring consumption, affluence increases spending on consumption of expensive luxury goods and services that aggregated have detrimental effects on the planet. We conjecture that these effects are increased by consumer credit enabling moderately affluent people to match their peers’ and the very affluent people’s spending on expensive luxury consumption, and making less affluent people over-spend money on purchases of inexpensive short-lived fast-fashion consumer products. In addition to other means to curtail current unsustainable consumption levels, our analysis highlights that consumer credit may need to be restricted.
3.	Andersson, David, 1979, et al. (författare) DN Debatt: LRF och Svenskt flyg svarar inte om klimatmålen 2015 Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Sammantaget ser vi inget i motdebattörernas argument som talar emot att införa styrmedel, till exempel konsumtionsskatter, inom dessa områden där inga stora tekniska lösningar finns i sikte, skriver 14 miljö- och energiforskare i slutrepliken till sin text om flyg- och köttskatt (26/2).
4.	Andersson, David, 1979, et al. (författare) Nu krävs kraftfulla åtgärder mot nötkött och flygresor 2015 Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; 2015-02-27 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Svenskarnas globala utsläpp från köttkonsumtion och flygresor motsvarar hälften av de totala utsläppen på hemmaplan. I vår rapport till Naturvårdsverket föreslår vi tydliga styrmedel – som nya skatter – för att begränsa konsumtionen på dessa områden, skriver 14 miljö- och energiforskare.
5.	Andersson, Maria, 1977, et al. (författare) A Social-Psychological Perspective on Herding in Stock Markets 2014 Ingår i: The Journal of Behavioral Finance. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1542-7560 .- 1542-7579. ; 15:3, s. 226-234 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A social-psychological perspective conceives of herding in stock markets as informative social influence resulting from heuristic or systematic information processing. In three laboratory experiments employing undergraduates we apply this perspective to investigate factors that prevent herd influence that would lead to inaccurate predictions of stock prices. In Experiment 1 we show that an economic reward for making the same predictions as the herd increases the influence of a majority but not the influence of a minority, and that an individual economic reward for making accurate predictions reduces the influence of the majority. In Experiment 2 we show a reduced influence of a majority herd’s inaccurate predictions when requiring assessments of the accuracy of the majority herd´s predictions as compared to requiring judgments of their consistency. Experiment 3 shows that a lower volatility of stock prices reduces the influence of a majority herd´s inaccurate predictions
6.	Andersson, Maria, 1977, et al. (författare) Effects of consistency and accurate predictions of stock prices on herding in a simulated financial market. 2008 Ingår i: Poster presented at the 29th annual conference of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Chicago, USA.. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In a simulated financial market setting we investigate the degree to which participants in judgment tasks were influenced by other (fictitious) participants’ judgments. Two experiments examine the influence from random vs. accurate majorities (Experiment 1), random vs. accurate minorities (Experiment 2), and whether the influence was affected by instructing participants to focus on the accuracy in performance (Experiments 1 and 2). Results show that participants followed majorities irrespectively of their level of accuracy, whereas accurate minorities were more influential than random minorities. The focus instruction decreased majority influence, regardless of accuracy, but increased the influence from accurate minorities.
7.	Andersson, M, et al. (författare) Effects of consistency on herding in a simulated financial market 2007 Ingår i: Paper presented at the 21th research conference on subjective probability, utility and decision making(SPUDM21), Warsaw, Poland. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
8.	Andersson, Maria, 1977, et al. (författare) Effects of financial incentives on herding in simulated financial markets 2008 Ingår i: Paper presented at the International Association for Research in Economic Psychology (IAREP), Rome, Italy.. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Herding in financial markets refers to that investors influence each other when making investment decisions. In these experimental studies, herding leads to worse performance relative to relying on private information. Previous studies of herding have shown that majorities in general are more influential than minorities. The aim of this research was to investigate whether financial incentives impact herding with majorities and minorities under these conditions. In two experimental simulations of a financial market, participants predicted an “upmarket” or “downmarket” conditional on diagnostic information presented on each trial. In Experiment 1, participants in an individual condition only received private information, while participants in a group condition, in addition, received information about randomly generated predictions ostensibly made by three others. Economic incentives for accurate predictions were based on individual performance, and were hypothesized to counteract reliance on invalid information about the herd’s choices. As expected, performance was worse in the group condition than in the individual condition, implying that participants were influenced by the herd. In Experiment 2, the effects of financial incentives for making predictions similar to either the majority or the minority of the others were examined. We hypothesized that financially rewarding group performance may reinforce non-systematic processing, and hence enhance majority influence. Since minority influence is associated with systematic processing, we hypothesized that systematic processing in minority conditions may increase the influence of the private information, and thus improve performance. The results showed that participants followed the majority but not the minority. One explanation for the asymmetry in the effects of rewarding herding with a majority and a minority may be the notion that the tendency to conform overrides systematic processing in majority influence, whereas the reverse would be true in minority influence.
9.	Andersson, Maria, 1977, et al. (författare) Effects of stock investments of information about short versus long price series 2012 Ingår i: Review of behavioral finance. - : Emerald. - 1940-5979. ; 4:2, s. 81-97 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether stock price predictions and investment decisions improve by exposure to increasing price series. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted three laboratory experiments in which undergraduates were asked to role-play being investors buying and selling stock shares. Their task was to predict an unknown closing price from an opening price and to choose the number of stocks to purchase to the opening price (risk aversion) or the closing price (risk taking). In Experiment 1 stock prices differed in volatility for increasing, decreasing or no price trend. Prices were in different conditions provided numerically for 15 trading days, for the last 10 trading days, or for the last five trading days. In Experiment 2 the price series were also visually displayed as scatter plots. In Experiment 3 the stock prices were presented for the preceding 15 days, only for each third day (five days) of the preceding 15 days, or as five prices, each aggregated for three consecutive days of the preceding 15 days. Only numerical price information was provided. Findings – The results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that predictions were not markedly worse for shorter than longer price series. Possibly because longer price series increase information processing load, visual information had some influence to reduce prediction errors for the longer price series. The results of Experiment 3 showed that accuracy of predictions increased for less price volatility due to aggregation, whereas again there was no difference between five and 15 trading days. Purchase decisions resulted in better outcomes for the aggregated prices. Research limitations/implications – Investors´ performance in stock markets may not improve by increasing the length of evaluation intervals unless the quality of the information is also increased. The results need to be verified in actual stock markets. Practical implications – The results have bearings on the design of bonus systems. Originality/value – The paper shows how stock price predictions and buying and selling decisions depend on amount and quality of information about historical prices.
10.	Andersson, Maria, 1977, et al. (författare) Experimental Studies of Majority Influences in Financial Markets. 2008 Ingår i: Paper presented at the 6th Nordic conference on group and social psychology (GRASP), Lund University, Sweden. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Herding in financial markets refers to that investors imitate others when making investment decisions. The aim of this research is to investigate factors that would break influences of a majority of others. In one experiment we investigate the impact of the size of a herd (majority vs. minority), accuracy of the herds’ predictions, and attentional focus. Undergraduates serving as participants are asked to predict fictitious stock prices in 50 trials, conditional on information about the current price and predictions made by five fictitious other participants. The prices and the others’ predictions are generated by random sampling. A majority of the others’ predictions is correlated (rs .95), and the predictions made by the majority are either random (uncorrelated with the price, r <.20) or accurate (correlated with the price, range of rs equal to .65 - .85). Participants are instructed to focus their attention on either accuracy or consistency of the others’ predictions. The results showed that a focus on accuracy reduced majority influence, whereas a focus on consistency had no effect. This was true both in the conditions with accurate and inaccurate majorities. An ongoing additional experiment investigates whether an accurate minority has an influence when its predictions have higher predictive validity than the price. The level of accuracy in the predictions made by the minority is either random (uncorrelated with the price, r <.20) or accurate (correlated with the price, rs .95).
11.	Andersson, Maria, 1977, et al. (författare) Hållbara bonussystem : Sustainable bonus systems 2011 Ingår i: Hållbar utveckling - från risk till värde / L. G. Hassel, L.-O. Larsson & E. Nore (red.). - Malmö : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144075327 ; , s. 41-49 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
12.	Andersson, Maria, et al. (författare) Hållbara bonussystem 2011. - 1 Ingår i: Hållbar utveckling. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9144075324 - 9789144075327 ; , s. 41-49 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
13.	Andersson, Maria, 1977, et al. (författare) Social influence on predictions of simulated stock prices 2009 Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. ; 22, s. 271-279 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Herding in financial markets refers to that investors are influenced by others. This study addresses the importance of consistency for herding. It is suggested that, in financial markets perceptions of consistency are based on repeated observations over time. Consistency may then be perceived as the agreement across time between investors’ predictions. In addition, consistency may be related to variance over time in each investor’s predictions. In an experiment using a Multiple Cue Probability Learning paradigm, 96 undergraduates made multi-trial predictions of future stock prices given information about the current price and the predictions made by five fictitious others. Consistency was varied between the others' predictions (correlation) and within the others’ predictions (variance). The results showed that the predictions were significantly influenced by the others’ predictions when these were correlated. No effect of variance was observed. Hence, participants were influenced by the others when they were in agreement, regardless of whether they varied their predictions over trials or not.
14.	Andersson, Maria, 1977, et al. (författare) The effect of accuracy and focus on herding in financial predictions. 2008 Ingår i: Paper presented at the 10th meeting of the European Social Cognition Network (ESCON), Volterra, Italy.. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Herding in financial markets refers to that investors influence each other when making investment decisions. Previous studies of herding have shown that a majority is more influential than a minority. This result is in line with theories of social influence, arguing that majorities in general are more influential but consistent minorities may also exert influence. The aim of this research is to investigate what factors may impact the level of influence from minorities and majorities in financial markets, focusing on accuracy and focal attention. Experiment 1 investigates the impact of the size of the herd (majority vs. minority) and the accuracy in its predictions. Participants’ task was to predict fictitious stock prices in 50 trials, conditional on information about the current price and predictions made by five fictitious other participants. Either four (majority) or two (minority) of the others’ predictions were correlated (rs > .95), and they made either random (uncorrelated with the price trend, rs < .20) or non-random predictions (correlated with the price trend, range of rs equal to .65 to .85). The results showed that the majority exerted more influence than did the minority, more when the majority made non-random than random predictions. The correlation and accuracy of predictions thus increased the majority influence, but not the minority influence. The aim of Experiment 2 was to investigate whether the majority influence would decrease if participants were instructed to focus on the others’ performance. Conditions in which the majority made random or non-random predictions were included. After a number of trials participants were requested to state either which of the others that made accurate predictions or which of the others that made predictions that were correlated. The results showed that focus on accuracy reduced majority influence.
15.	Bamberg, Sebastian, et al. (författare) Behaviour Theory and Soft Transport Policy Measures 2011 Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 18, s. 228-235 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim is to propose a theoretical grounding of soft transport policy measures that aim at promoting voluntary reduction of car use. A general conceptual framework is first presented to clarify how hard and soft transport policy measures impact on car-use reduction. Two different behavioural theories that have been used to account for car use and car-use reduction are then integrated in a self-regulation theory that identifies four stages of the process of voluntarily changing car use: setting a car-use reduction goal, forming a plan for achieving the goal, initiating and executing the plan, and evaluating the outcome of the plan execution. A number of techniques are described that facilitate the different stages of the process of voluntary car-use reduction and which should be used in personalized travel planning programs.
16.	Biel, Anders, 1948, et al. (författare) Behavioural Impediments to Sustainable Investment. 2007 Ingår i: Paper presented at the 32nd IAREP Conference, Ljubljana, Slovenia.. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The present study investigates impediments to sustainable investment (SI) that reside within the organizations of institutional investors. A questionnaire was addressed to 35 institutional investors with board directors, senior investment managers or portfolio managers acting as respondents. The respondents represented SI as well as non-SI funds. Presently, little is known about how variations in the endorsement of values and norms among members in an organisation affect decision making. We tested the hypothesis that to the extent that a SI policy has been adopted, members of the organisation share a norm to advance SI, driven by an adherence to social and environmental values, together with beliefs about potential benefits of SI. We also examined an alternative model assuming a direct link between beliefs about financial outcomes of SI and SI practices in the organisation.
17.	Boe, O., et al. (författare) Effects of causal relatedness and uncertainty on integration of outcomes of concurrent decisions 2015 Ingår i: Proceedings of 2nd Global Conference on Psychology Researches 28-29 November 2014 - University of Barcelona, Spain. - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Bv. - 1877-0428. ; 190, s. 113-119 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose of Study: An experiment was conducted to investigate whether causally related outcomes of concurrent decisions are more frequently integrated than unrelated outcomes, and whether certain outcomes are more frequently integrated than uncertain outcomes. Method: Sixteen undergraduates in one group chose between buying means-end related and unrelated pairs of everyday consumer products, whereas 16 undergraduates in another group chose between lottery tickets with the consumer products as prizes. Findings and Results: The results indicated that both causal relatedness and uncertainty of outcomes of concurrent decisions affect integration. Conclusions: Means and ends were more often chosen when they were presented in the same sets of two concurrent decisions than when they were presented together with unrelated options or singly. The observed differences were smaller when choices were made between uncertain outcomes. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
18.	Boe, O., et al. (författare) Failures to integrate causally related outcomes of concurrent decisions 2015 Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 190(May). - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Bv. - 1877-0428. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Problem statement: Sometimes concurrent decisions are not integrated. Purpose of study: An experiment was conducted to investigate whether causally related options of concurrent decisions are not evaluated and therefore not chosen although their combinations are more attractive than single options. In two concurrent decisions participants chose between buying means-end related and unrelated pairs of everyday consumer products. Method: Sixteen undergraduates in one group were sometimes forced to choose the end (or the means), whereas 16 undergraduates in another group were always free to choose the end and means. Findings and results: In the forced choices, participants chose the means or ends presumably because they attended to the additional benefits. Conclusions: However, when free to make both choices participants only chose the ends and means 22% of the time. 28% of the choices were made of only an end or a means, and 50% of the choices were made of two unrelated options. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
19.	Boe, O., et al. (författare) Loss sensitivity and integration of outcomes of concurrent risky decisions 2015 Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences Procedia, 190(May). - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Bv. - 1877-0428. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Problem statement: Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the loss-sensitivity principle extends to integration of the outcomes of two concurrent risky decisions. Purpose of Study: According to this principle, only expected loss outcomes of concurrent decisions would be integrated. Method: A total of 96 undergraduates participated in two experiments. Findings and Results: The results of Experiment 1 showed consistent with the loss sensitivity principle that a prior outcome was integrated with the expected loss outcome of a current decision. However, there was no evidence for integration of the expected loss outcomes of two concurrent decisions. A possible explanation implying that outcomes are ignored if they have not yet occurred was followed up in Experiment 2 where participants were offered bonuses to increase their sensitivity either to gains or losses. An effect of bonus was observed but again there was no evidence for integration of the outcomes of concurrent decisions. Conclusion: Although confirmed in several previous experiments when choices were made between mixed bets with both gain and loss outcomes, whether the loss-sensitivity principle extends to integration of prior outcomes when choices are made between losses or between gains was also questioned by the results.
20.	Carlander, Anders, 1979, et al. (författare) Choices of savings options related to trust in banks’ competence, benevolence and stability 2013 Ingår i: Journal of Financial Services Marketing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1363-0539 .- 1479-1846. ; 18:2, s. 121-136 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The study investigates whether beliefs in professional investor skill in conjunction with trust in banks and other fund managers explain choices of options for long-term savings. From questionnaire data obtained for a population-based sample (n=178) and a sample of undergraduates (n=186), two index measures were constructed, one of beliefs in the skill of professional investors and another of trust in fund managers. The trust index was aggregated for the three interrelated components: competence, benevolence and stability. Regression analyses of the likelihood of savings in an actively managed fund showed an expected effect of investor-skill beliefs that was mediated by trust in the fund manager. In addition, self-reported knowledge played a larger role than trust for choices of passively managed index funds and in particular for own investment in stocks.
21.	Carlander, Anders, 1979, et al. (författare) The role of perceived quality of personal service in influencing trust and satisfaction with banks 2018 Ingår i: Financial Services Review. - 1057-0810. ; 27, s. 83-98 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Trust is of paramount importance to banks. Previous research has shown that trust increases with repeated personal contacts. We investigate if this applies to the customer-employee relationship in banks. Data from an on-line survey of 293 customers of Swedish retail banks are used to construct indicator measures. By means of structural equation modeling we find that trust in the bank is influenced by perceived quality of personal service through employees’ perceived competence, perceived benevolence, and perceived transparency, and that satisfaction with the bank is influenced by perceived quality of personal service through perceived competence, perceived benevolence, perceived transparency, and trust.
22.	Chen, Cynthia, et al. (författare) Activity rescheduling: reasoned or habitual? 2004 Ingår i: TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART F-TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 7:6, s. 351-371 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
23.	Christandl, F., et al. (författare) Accuracy of consumers’ perception of inflationary price increases 2011 Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology. ; 219:4, s. 209-216 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Four laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the extent to which and how consumers encountering inflationary increases in product prices are able to accurately extrapolate future price increases. Between 32 and 48 undergraduates participated in the different experiments. In Experiment 1 it was found that participants were more able to extrapolate a proportional price increase when presented with two consecutive proportional price increases compared to one price increase. This finding was not replicated for decreasing prices in Experiment 2. Experiment 3 showed that varying the time interval between prices counteracted an accurate extrapolation of proportional price increases despite that two price increases were presented. In Experiment 4 it was found that presenting the same (vs. different) proportional price increases for two products made participants able to extrapolate the common proportional price increase
24.	De Vos, Jonas, et al. (författare) From attitude to satisfaction: introducing the travel mode choice cycle 2022 Ingår i: Transport Reviews. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-1647 .- 1464-5327. ; 42:2, s. 204-221 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Many studies analysing the relationship between attitudes and travel behaviour have found that travel attitudes have an important impact on travel mode choice. More recently, studies focusing on how people experience travel have shown that travel satisfaction is influenced by the chosen travel mode. The desire and intention of using a travel mode – which can be considered as important predictors of mode choice – have, however, received limited attention. Furthermore, existing studies mostly have a narrow scope and lack integration of the above constructs. In this paper, we introduce the travel mode choice cycle (TMCC), a comprehensive model aiming to link attitude, desire, intention, behaviour, and satisfaction by integrating prominent social-psychological attitude theories such as the theory of planned behaviour, the model of goal-directed behaviour, and the theory of cognitive dissonance. We argue that the constructs of the TMCC are strongly interrelated such that they can affect each other in direct and indirect ways. The proposed cycle provides valuable insights for policymakers to stimulate the use of desired travel modes, such as public transport and active travel. We end this paper by providing suggestions for future studies to simultaneously investigate the relationships specified by the TMCC.
25.	Diplomacy and psychology: Prevention of armed conflicts after the cold war 2006 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Different chapters in this book reviews relevant research in psychology and discusses its ap-plication to the diplomatic peaceful resolution of international conflicts. In an introductory chapter written by an experienced Swedish diplomat and former minister of foreign affairs, who himself has taken part in many international negotiations, the most important problems facing preventive diplomacy are identified. After the first part of the book with several chap-ters providing general perspectives on diplomacy and psychology including a detailed account of the contributions by the former secretary general Dag Hammarskjöld, these problems are treated in the remaining three parts of the book: Identifying precursors that would make pos-sible to forecast and prevent social conflicts, planning and conducting effective negotiation and mediation, and post-conflict reconciliation and adherance to agreements
26.	Duxbury, Darren, et al. (författare) How emotions influence behavior in financial markets: a conceptual analysis and emotion-based account of buy-sell preferences 2020 Ingår i: The European Journal of Finance. - 1351-847X .- 1466-4364. ; 26:14, s. 1417-1438 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We develop a conceptual analysis and account of how emotions influence behavior in financial markets. To motivate our approach and to establish the need for such research, we first review the increasingly important literature on emotions in financial markets. While emotions influence investors in financial markets, there is a lack of precision concerning the exact nature of these influences. To remedy this, we identify and address a number of issues deriving from the current state of the finance literature. One issue concerns the lack of clarity in defining different emotion constructs. Another is the lack of a general emotion-based account of financial behavior. Our contribution is a classification of emotion-related phenomena and an emotion-based account of how anticipatory and anticipated emotions interact to determine investors’ buy and sell preferences in asset markets. Preliminary experimental results support our emotion-based account.
27.	Eek, Daniel, 1968, et al. (författare) A new look at the theory of social value orientations: Do prosocials maximize joint outcome or equal outcomes? 2004 Ingår i: Paper presented at The 10th conference of the international society for justice research (ISJR), Regina, Canada. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Existing theories of social value orientations posit that prosocials maximize joint outcomes whereas proselfs maximize outcomes to themselves. Three studies were conducted to test the alternative hypothesis that prosocials prefer equal outcomes to maximizing joint outcome. In accordance with the hypothesis, Study 1 showed that prosocials preferred equal outcomes to maximize the joint outcome. Study 2 confirmed and extended these results by demonstrating that prosocials preferred equal outcomes to larger joint outcomes that were unequally distributed but provided both with larger outcomes. Study 3 demonstrated that in a modified prisoners dilemma game, a preference for equal outcomes to a larger joint outcome resulted in that prosocials cooperated when they believed or knew that the other cooperated, and defected when they believed or knew that the other defected
28.	Eek, Daniel, 1968, et al. (författare) A new look at the theory of social value orientations: Prosocials neither maximize joint outcome nor minimize outcome differences but prefer equality 2008 Ingår i: Biel, A., Eek, D., Gärling, T., & Gustafsson, M. (Eds.) (2008). New issues and paradigms in research on social dilemmas. New York: Springer. - New York : Springer. - 9780387725963 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This chapter presents empirical evidence that casts doubt on current theories of social value orientations assuming that prosocials maximize joint outcome in preferences for allocating resources to themselves and others. It is instead argued and shown that a desire for equal outcomes dominates prosocials’ preferences.
29.	Eek, Daniel, 1968, et al. (författare) Only equality matters: Prosocials dont minimize outcome differences that cannot be eliminated 2005 Ingår i: Paper presented at The 11th international conference on social dilemmas, Krakow, Poland. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Social value orientation theory makes two propositions about the motive of proso-cials; one that prosocials maximize the joint outcome between self and another person, another that prosocials minimize the difference in outcomes. Eek and Gärling (2005) showed that the first of these propositions was false. The present experiment aimed at testing the validity of the second proposition. Based on re-search showing that equality is considered a fair division of outcomes, it was ar-gued and found that prosocials strive to obtain equal outcomes. If their choices only minimize the difference in outcomes without achieving equal outcomes, pro-socials and proselfs choices dont differ
30.	Eek, Daniel, et al. (författare) Prosocials prefer equal outcomes to maximizing joint outcomes 2006 Ingår i: British Journal of Social Psychology. - : British Psychological Society. - 0144-6665 .- 2044-8309. ; 45:2, s. 321-337 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Existing theories of social value orientations posit that prosocials maximize joint outcomes whereas proselfs maximize outcomes to themselves. Three studies employing a total of 157 undergraduates were conducted to test the alternative hypothesis that prosocials prefer equal outcomes to maximizing joint outcome. In Study 1 participants completed the Triple-Dominance Measure of Social Values in which a fourth alternative that distributed the largest joint outcome unequally was added to the alternative that distributed the outcomes equally. In accordance with the hypothesis, prosocials preferred the equal-outcome alternative to the joint-outcome alternative. Study 2 confirmed and extended these results by demonstrating that prosocials preferred equal outcomes to larger joint outcomes that were unequally distributed but provided both with larger outcomes. Study 3 demonstrated that in a modified prisoners dilemma game, a preference for equal outcomes to a larger joint outcome resulted in that prosocials cooperated when they believed or knew that the other cooperated, and defected when they believed or knew that the other defected.
31.	Eriksson, L, et al. (författare) Car user´s stated reasons for potential reduction of the work commute by car 2007 Ingår i: paper presented at the 7th biennial conference on environmental psychology, University of Bayreuth, Germany. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
32.	Eriksson, Lars, et al. (författare) Car users’ stated reasons for reduction of commuting 2008 Ingår i: Transportation Research F. ; 11, s. 427-433 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A survey is reported that requested work-commuters by car to reasons that would make them reduce car use for the work commute. All participants (n = 1,218) were employed by companies located in the center of a medium-size Swedish city (pop. 82,000). Among 76% of the car users (n=602) who stated any reasons, the most frequent improved public transport and work from home some days. Shorter travel times, increased frequency of service and lower fares were the most frequent reasons for increasing public transport use
33.	Eriksson, L, et al. (författare) Economic disincentives as determinants of car users’ intention to switch to public transport. 2008 Ingår i: Financial incentives in transport. Symposium conducted at the 4th international conference on traffic and transport psychology, Washington DC, USA.. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
34.	Eriksson, Lars, et al. (författare) Experimental simulation of car users’ switching to public transport 2010 Ingår i: Transportation Letters. ; 2:3, s. 145-155 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In order to investigate how public transport should be improved to appear attractive to car users, this study develop and test an internet-based experimental simulation of travel mode choice dependent on the complexity of daily activity agendas. The results for 75 students taking part in the experimental simulation are compared to the results of a survey of another 69 students taking part in a pilot study. Students in both groups were frequent car users. The results of the survey showed that higher costs of car use and greater perceived difficulty to use public transport decreased intention to use the bus for the commute to the university. In the experimental simulation high access to bus stops increased bus use and reduced car use but less for a busy daily activity agenda when the car-use costs are low. The results highlight the importance of focusing on tradeoffs between increasing car-use costs and improvement of public transport.
35.	Eriksson, L, et al. (författare) Internet-based method for experimental simulation of car-use reduction. 2008 Ingår i: Poster presented at the 4th international conference on traffic and transport psyhology, Washington DC, USA.. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
36.	Eriksson, Lars, 1967-, et al. (författare) Perceived attributes of bus and car mediating satisfaction with the work commute 2013 Ingår i: Transportation Research Part a-Policy and Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 47, s. 87-96 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In an experimental simulation employing 123 undergraduates the effect of different travel modes on satisfaction with travel, mood after the day traveled, and satisfaction with the day as a whole were assessed for the work commute by car or bus. Car was rated higher than bus on satisfaction with travel. This mode difference was accounted for by ratings of the mode-specific attributes fun, lifestyle match, and feeling secure for which car was rated higher than bus. It was also shown that satisfaction with travel partially mediated the effect of travel mode on mood. Satisfaction with the day as a whole was however not influenced by travel mode when controlling for the mood effect of travel.
37.	Ettema, Dick, et al. (författare) How in-vehicle activities affect work commuters’ satisfaction with public transport 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Transport Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-6923 .- 1873-1236. ; 24, s. 215-222 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Research has recently questioned the commonly held opinion that travel time is valued as negative, arguing that engagement inactivities during travel may make these trips more enjoyable or productive. Satisfactionwith travel has to date been assessed using utility-based models or measures of productivity of the trip. The present study is the first to assess the influence of activities performed during travel on publictransport users’ subjective well-being. To this end, a survey was conducted in Sweden in 2010 in which activities during the work commute by publictransport were recorded and subjective well-being during travel was measured retrospectively using the Satisfactionwith Travel Scale (STS). Results show that talking to other passengers has the strongest positive effect on STS, whereas activities related to entertainment and relaxation lead to lower STS, possibly since engaging in these activities reflect unsuccessful attempts to abate boredom. In addition, it is found that activities during travel may have a more positive effect on the commute back home, suggesting that the mindset related to the destination influences travel satisfaction.
38.	Ettema, D, et al. (författare) Out-of-Home Activities, Daily Travel, and Subjective Well-Being 2010 Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 44, s. 723-732 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract It is argued that utility theory that underpins current cost-benefit analyses of daily travel needs to be complemented. An alternative theoretical framework is to this end proposed which applies subjective well-being (SWB) to travel behaviour analysis. It is posited in this theoretical framework that participation in goal-directed activities, facilitated or hindered by travel, contributes to SWB, that the degree of travel-related stress in participating in these activities reduces SWB, and that positive affect associated with travel in itself has an impact on SWB.
39.	Ettema, Dick, et al. (författare) Season and Weather Effects on Travel-Related Mood and Travel Satisfaction. 2017 Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study examines the effects of season and weather on mood (valence and activation) and travel satisfaction (measured by the Satisfaction with Travel Scale). Analyses are presented of 562 time-sampled morning commutes to work made by 363 randomly sampled people in three different Swedish cities asking them to use smartphones to report their mood in their home before and directly after the commutes. These reports as well as satisfaction with the commute obtained in summer and winter are linked to weather data and analyzed by means of fixed-effects regression analyses. The results reveal main effects of weather (temperature and precipitation) on mood and travel satisfaction (temperature, sunshine, precipitation, and wind speed). The effects of weather on mood and travel satisfaction differ depending on travel mode. Temperature leads to a more positive mood, wind leads to higher activation for public transport users, and sunshine leads to a more negative mood for cyclists and pedestrians. Sunshine and higher temperatures make travel more relaxed although not for cycling and walking, and rain and snow lead to a higher cognitive assessed quality of travel.
40.	Ettema, Dick, et al. (författare) The Road to Happiness? : Measuring Satisfaction of Dutch Car Drivers with Their Travel Using the Satisfaction with Travel Scale (STS) 2011 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
41.	Ettema, D., et al. (författare) The road to happiness: Measuring Dutch car drivers' satisfaction with travel 2013 Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 27, s. 171-178 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recent research suggests that travellers' anticipated trip utility may differ from the utility they
42.	Ettema, Dick, et al. (författare) Travel Mode Use, Travel Mode Shift and Subjective Well-Being : Overview of Theories, Empirical Findings and Policy Implications 2016 Ingår i: Mobility, Sociability and Wellbeing of Urban Living. - New York, NY : Springer. - 9783662481837 - 9783662481844 ; , s. 129-150 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
43.	Etterna, Dick, et al. (författare) Satisfaction with travel and subjective wellbeing: Development and tests of a measurement tool 2011 Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. ; 14, s. 167-175 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Subjective well-being (SWB) that includes individuals’ cognitive and affective evaluations of life in general is proposed to be a more appropriate measure capturing the benefits individuals derive from travel improvements. We develop and test a measure of travel-related SWB, the 9-item self-report Satisfaction with Travel Scale (STS). In a survey of 155 undergraduates, STS, mood ratings, and ratings of SWB were collected for three hypothetical weekdays differing in travel mode, travel time, access to bus stops, and daily activity agenda. The results showed that STS is reliable and differentiates between changes in travel conditions. STS, mood, and to some extent SWB were shown to be affected by travel mode (bus vs. car), travel time, access to bus stops, and the number of activities in the daily agenda
44.	Fabretti, Annalisa, et al. (författare) Convex incentives in financial markets: an agent-based analysis 2017 Ingår i: Decisions in Economics and Finance. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1593-8883 .- 1129-6569. ; 40:1-2, s. 375-395 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract © 2017, Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l. We investigate whether convex incentive contracts are a source of instability of financial markets as indicated by the results of a continuous double-auction asset market experiment performed by Holmen et al. (J Econ Dyn Control 40:179–194, 2014). We develop a model to replicate the setting of the experiment and perform an agent-based simulation where agents have linear or convex incentives. Extending the simulation by varying features of actual asset markets that were not studied in the experiment, our main results show that increasing the number of convex incentive contracts increases prices and volatility and decreases market liquidity, measured both as bid–ask spreads and volumes. We also observe that the influence of risk aversion on traders’ decisions decreases when there are convex contracts and that increasing the differences in initial wealth among the traders has similar effects as increasing number of convex incentive contracts.
45.	Fors Connolly, Filip, 1981-, et al. (författare) How does time pressure influence emotional wellbeing? : Investigating the roles of domain satisfaction and neuroticism among small-business owners 2020 Ingår i: International Journal of Wellbeing. - : International Journal of Wellbeing. - 1179-8602. ; 10:2, s. 71-88 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Emotional wellbeing is related to the balance of positive and negative emotions associated with activities at work and in free time. We conjecture that time pressure is a factor reducing positive emotions and amplifying negative emotions, such that it has a negative relationship to emotional wellbeing. We found this to be the case in two studies based on survey data derived from samples of small-business owners in Sweden. In Study 1, the relationship between time pressure and emotional wellbeing is negative for small-business owners as well as for employed wage earners, although at work the former group experience both higher time pressure and higher emotional wellbeing than the latter. No differences in free time between the groups are observed. Study 2 provides support for the hypothesis that, both at work and in free time, domain satisfaction partially mediates the negative relationship between time pressure and emotional wellbeing. Supporting two additional hypotheses, the results indicate that neuroticism has a direct negative relationship with emotional wellbeing, and also an indirect relationship with emotional wellbeing mediated by time pressure, and furthermore moderates the negative relationship between time pressure and emotional wellbeing.
46.	Fors Connolly, Filip, 1981-, et al. (författare) How satisfaction with running business and private life are related to small-business owners’ subjective well-being 2024 Ingår i: Applied Research in Quality of Life. - : Springer Nature. - 1871-2584 .- 1871-2576. ; 19, s. 351-365 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study examined how satisfaction with aspects of running the business as well as satisfaction with aspects of the private life are related to small-business owners' subjective well-being (SWB). Measures were obtained of both life satisfaction (LS) and emotional well-being (EWB) to investigate possible differences. Questionnaire data from a survey of small-business owners (n=614) showed that in the business domain LS is associated with satisfaction with revenues, EWB with satisfaction with customer and employee contacts, and both LS and EWB with satisfaction with working time. In the private life domain, LS is associated with satisfaction with family and economy and EWB with satisfaction with leisure. Overall, LS has a stronger association than EWB with satisfaction with aspects of private life, while the associations with satisfaction with business aspects are equally strong.
47.	Fors Connolly, Filip, 1981-, et al. (författare) Mediators of Differences Between Employed and Unemployed in Life Satisfaction and Emotional Well-being 2022 Ingår i: Journal of Happiness Studies. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 1389-4978 .- 1573-7780. ; 23, s. 1637-1651 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Previous research has shown that the unemployed has lower life satisfaction than the employed but that their emotional well-being may not differ. The aim is to investigate the role of mediators with bearings on these differences between the employed and unemployed in emotional well-being compared to life satisfaction. Participants were 3,463 employed and 452 unemployed living in five Western countries. They answered questions in an online survey. The results showed that the employed had both higher life satisfaction and emotional well-being. Mediation analysis replicated previous results in that the relationship between unemployment and life satisfaction was mediated by financialsatisfaction. The relationship with emotional well-being was mediated by satisfaction with time use which was higher for the employed than the unemployed. Financial satisfaction was also a mediator of the relationship with emotional well-being, both directly and through satisfaction with time use. Although the unemployed felt lower time pressure than the employed, this factor was not a strong mediator of the relationship with emotional well-being, neither directly nor through satisfaction with time use. A possible explanation for the differences in the results for emotional well-being is that a negative mood is less associated with work than found in previous research.
48.	Fors Connolly, Filip, 1981-, et al. (författare) The relationships between income, life satisfaction and emotional well-being in European countries differing in wealth 2023 Ingår i: International Journal of Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7594 .- 1464-066X. ; 58:6, s. 594-604 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this study is to investigate whether income has different relationships to subjective well-being in richer countries compared to poorer ones. We report analyses based on interview data collected in the European Social Survey (n = 72,574) that examine how income relates to life satisfaction (LS) and emotional well-being (EWB) in 28 European countries, varying in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Our results indicate that the within-country correlations of income with LS and EWB decrease as GDP per capita increases. Partial correlations controlling for EWB are positive but do not vary with GDP per capita, whereas partial correlations controlling for LS vary inversely with GDP per capita. We hypothesise that the invariant income-LS relationships result from effects of relative income on social comparisons, while the varying income-EWB relationships result from the negative impacts of time scarcity in richer countries and the buffering of negative experiences in poorer ones.
49.	Fors, Filip, 1981-, et al. (författare) The Bigger the Better? Business Size and Small-Business Owners’ Subjective Well-Being 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Happiness Studies. - : Springer. - 1389-4978 .- 1573-7780. ; 22, s. 1071-1088 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Business growth is often portrayed as an important outcome for small-business owners. Few empirical studies have however examined whether there is a positive relationship between business size and different dimensions of small-business owners’ subjective well-being. In a large cross-sectional sample (n = 1089) of small-business owners from Sweden, we investigate the relationship between business size and the two main components of subjective well-being, life satisfaction and emotional well-being. By means of structural equation modelling, we determine the importance of business size for subjective well-being by focusing on potential advantages (financial satisfaction) and disadvantages (time pressure) related to business size. The results show that there is no overall relationship between business size and life satisfaction, but a weak negative relationship between business size and emotional well-being. However, in a subsequent mediation analyses we find that these findings largely can be explained by the fact that financial satisfaction and time pressure relate to subjective well-being in opposite directions and thus cancel each other out. The results of the mediation analysis also reveal differences across the two components of subjective well-being. We here find that financial satisfaction is more important for small-business owners’ life satisfaction while time pressure is more important for their emotional well-being.
50.	Friman, Margareta, 1970-, et al. (författare) A happy work commute 2012 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)

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