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- Pawlowski, Katharina, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Jasmonate biosynthesis in legume and actinorhizal nodules
- 2011
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 189:2, s. 568-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- • Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant signalling compound that has been implicated in theregulation of mutualistic symbioses. In order to understand the spatial distributionof JA biosynthetic capacity in nodules of two actinorhizal species, Casaurina glauca and Datisca glomerata, and one legume, Medicago truncatula, we determined thelocalization of allene oxide cyclase (AOC) which catalyses a committed step inJA biosynthesis. In all nodule types analysed, AOC was detected exclusively inuninfected cells. • The levels of JA were compared in the roots and nodules of the three plantspecies. The nodules and noninoculated roots of the two actinorhizal species, andthe root systems of M. truncatula, noninoculated or nodulated with wild-type Sinorhizobium meliloti or with mutants unable to fix nitrogen, did not showsignificant differences in JA levels. However, JA levels in all plant organs examined increased significantly on mechanical disturbance. • To study whether JA played a regulatory role in the nodules of M. truncatula, composite plants containing roots expressing an MtAOC1-sense or MtAOC1-RNAi construct were inoculated with S. meliloti. Neither an increase nor reductionin AOC levels resulted in altered nodule formation. • These data suggest that jasmonates are not involved in the development andfunction of root nodules.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Mats X., 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Oxylipin profiling of the hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis thaliana - Formation of a novel oxo-phytodienoic acid-containing galactolipid, arabidopside E
- 2006
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. - 0021-9258. ; 281:42, s. 31528-31537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids, collectively known as oxylipins, function as signaling molecules in plants during development, wounding, and insect and pathogen attack. Certain oxylipins are also known to have direct cytotoxic effects on pathogens. We used inducible expression of bacterial avirulence proteins in planta to study the involvement of oxylipins in race-specific defense against bacterial pathogens. We demonstrate that recognition of the Pseudomonas syringae avirulence protein AvrRpm1 induces 9- and 13-lipoxygenase-dependent oxylipin synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. The major oxylipins accumulated were jasmonic acid, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, and dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid. The majority of the newly formed oxylipins (> 90%) was found to be esterified to glycerolipids, whereby 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid and dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid were found to be esterified to a novel galactolipid. The structure of the substance was determined as a monogalactosyldiacylglycerol containing two 12-oxo-phytodienoic acids and one dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid acyl chain and was given the trivial name arabidopside E. This substance accumulated to surprisingly high levels, 7 - 8% of total lipid content, and was shown to inhibit growth of a bacterial pathogen in vitro. Arabidopside E was formed also after recognition of the avirulence protein AvrRpt2, suggesting that this could be a conserved feature of defense reactions against bacterial pathogens. In conclusion, the data presented suggest a role of enzymatically formed oxylipins, especially the octadecanoids and arabidopside E in race-specific resistance against bacterial pathogens.
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