| 1. |
- Astner, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Identities at work in developing a new market
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship. - 1471-5201. ; 23, s. 1-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the roles of identities in entrepreneurial processes during the development of a new market. Two research questions are used: How do the founder's identity, corporate identity and market identity interact as a new market is developing, and what are the functions of identity in the entrepreneurial process?Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative research is grounded in a study of multiple cases, from which five Swedish start-ups have been selected. Interviews were conducted with the founders at several points in time and accompanied by observations of websites, media performance, policy documents and commercial material. Analysis was conducted in an iterative process between empirics and theory.FindingsThe findings show how identities develop in entrepreneurs, firms and the market and how the interactions between these three levels of identity affect the development of each. The authors recognize and discuss three functions of identity: a constructing function, in which identity is used to create a new firm and market; a guiding function, which navigates between identities by imposing identity work on founders, firms and markets; and a configuring function, which takes part in shaping contexts.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper opens a space for future research on identities to advance understandings of how new firms and markets are developed. Investigating identity shows the importance of context to entrepreneurial processes. This points towards a need for researching different contexts, but also to the potential limited value of this study.Practical implicationsThe paper offers guidance to founders and managers in understanding and navigating different identities. Founders and managers are provided with a set of critical questions, which aim to assist when managing identity-related concerns.Originality/valueThere is a vast amount of literature on the development of companies and markets, yet start-ups in new markets operate in different contexts and face different challenges that we know less about. This paper targets the latter and proposes identity as a useful lens for understanding the dynamics between entrepreneurs, start-ups and the new market.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Berglund, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Provoking identities : entrepreneurship and emerging identity positions in rural development
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 28:1-2, s. 76-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses entrepreneurship in a depleted community in transition. The purpose is to develop knowledge about how discourses are used in the positioning of identity in regional development. The concept positioning illustrates how identities are provoked, challenged, negotiated and moved into identity positions that break away from the idea of imitating successful and wealthy regions; instead, locality, place and history emerge as important resources from where local actors obtain agency and recognize new opportunities. Ethnographic data of a single case were collected over a six-year period between 2005 and 2010. The longitudinal nature of the study made it possible to incorporate how local stakeholders took on new identity positions, while handling their inspiration as well as their frustration. Results show how rural change was conditioned by discourses and how entrepreneurship challenged and reframed dominating structures through interaction between entrepreneurship and community. Four discourses, expressed as dichotomies available to people in this depleted community, illustrate the interactive process of positioning: change vs. traditions, rational vs. irrational, spectacular vs. mundane and individual vs. collective. The results support research emphasizing perspectives that acknowledge interaction between entrepreneurship and context as well as discursive aspects of regional development.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bill, Frederic, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Constructing and de-constructing entrepreneurial enclaves : a Deleuzian take on regional mobilization
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The 31st SCOS (The Standing Conference on Organizational Symbolism) in Warsaw, 13-16 July, 2013.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionThis paper is based on ongoing interactive research on entrepreneurial enclaves in southern Sweden aimed at promoting regional development through interaction between local stakeholders, academics and undergraduate students. The enclave concept has been used in previous research, also in entrepreneurship, but then primarily when dealing with networking and self-employment among ethnic minority groups. (Butler & Wilson, 1990; Andersson & Hammarstedt, 2012) Here we draw on the work of Deleuze & Guttari (1980) by asking what the effects of introducing the enclave concept in a regional community are, rather than trying to identify or pinpoint what an entrepreneurial enclave is as such. Thus, the purpose of our paper is to gain increased understanding regarding the productiveness of the enclave concept.Research designThe project began with topics considered important by local stakeholders, as identified during role-play based semi-focused groups (Bill & Olaison, 2009), and then this was translated these into a number of projects which students supervised by academic researchers try to realize together with local stakeholders. Semi-focused groups are a method founded on pragmatism and intended to place the respondents in a fictive but still familiar situation by giving them a task and roles close to their everyday experience. The intention is to gain understanding not only regarding how they would talk about something, but also how they would act in a certain situation. (Putnam, 1995; Bill et al., 2009)Preliminary findingsWhen dealing with entrepreneurial regions, previous research has generally tried to identify them and then sought to create some sort of template for recreating them elsewhere. However, it would be naïve to believe that this attention will not in itself influence the behavior of the residents in the region. The border between observer and observed therefore starts to dissipate.The basis for our research is that we are initially, simply by declaring them, creating the entrepreneurial enclaves that we subsequently study. Furthermore, simultaneously we are also creating a number of non-entrepreneurial enclaves in the region simply by not pinpointing or highlighting them. In our empirical work consisting of semi-focused groups and continuous interaction with local stakeholders this has become especially visible on a number of occasions. In the paper we present three cases where the existence of our project has influenced the way the local stakeholders consider themselves and their region. These are: I) The medieval church, a battle of belonging. II) Expectations of the Other - or not saying no to developing the Lake of the Fox. III) Voices of the recent, participating to participate.ConclusionsThe conclusions from this project are that the acts of creating and identifying entrepreneurial enclaves are overlapping and intertwined, that the entrepreneurial enclave is amorphous in the sense that its spatial/social limitations fluctuates and that the region is often
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Bjerke, Björn, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
-
Starting a business venture rationally or naturally : exploiting an opportunity in space or developing a place
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Research Handbook on Entrepreneurial Opportunities. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781783475445 - 9781783475438 ; , s. 68-87
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter develops a theoretical framework for understanding how entrepreneurship develops in space and place. It takes an eclectic view on entrepreneurship and emphasizes its interactive dependence with different types of context. First, a distinction between a narrow and a broad view of entrepreneurship is introduced. In the narrow view, entrepreneurship is seen as an economic phenomenon satisfying demands in different markets, whilst, in the broad view, entrepreneurship belongs to the whole society, not only to its economy, and is a question of creating something new. Second, the chapter argues for an emerging, bricoleurial way of understanding the entrepreneurial process, rather than the rational, analytically based approach so common in entrepreneurship theory. Third, the chapter presents space and place as theoretical categories; ‘space’ is understood as an economic evaluation of a situation based on its capacity for profit, and ‘place’ is seen as a societal situation based on meaning. Finally, the theoretical framework based on the three distinctions is illustrated by two cases. To conclude, a narrow, goal-rational approach to entrepreneurial venturing works well with context understood as space, whilst a broader, natural understanding of entrepreneurship will include an interactive relation with place.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Ferguson, Richard, et al.
(författare)
-
Mixed embeddedness and rural entrepreneurship
- 2012
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Entrepreneurship is a key driver of development in rural areas. Studies have shown that in-migrants and returnees are overrepresented among rural entrepreneurs, and that their entrepreneurship might be more important for local development than local entrepreneurs at least in terms of economic value creation. It is likely that the reason for this lies in the importance of embeddedness. Studies have shown that local embeddedness is a source of opportunities for rural entrepreneurs, yet also indicate that being overly embedded can inhibit entrepreneurial activites. It thus seems that a form of mixed embeddedness, of the kind that in-migrants and returnees are likely to embody, is conducive to entrepreneurial activity. In this paper we explore the nature and function of mixed embeddedness of rural entrepreneurs. We do this through a qualitative multiple case study of rural entrepreneurs in the Nordic countries. Preliminary results suggest that mixed embeddedness is in fact important and that this may be the reason for the overrepresentation of in-migrants and returnees. Furthermore, it seems that mixed embeddedness enables a bridging of social and spatial contexts.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ferguson, Richard, et al.
(författare)
-
The best of both worlds: how rural entrepreneurs use placial embeddedness and strategic networks to create opportunities
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 27, s. 574-598
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entrepreneurial activities are strongly influenced by the context in which they occur. It is therefore imperative to understand how different contexts enable entrepreneurs to create opportunities. In this paper, we focus on the spatial context of rural entrepreneurs and explore how the rural context impacts on their opportunity creation. Based on a multiple case study, we find that rural entrepreneurs mix what we refer to as placial embeddedness - an intimate knowledge of and concern for the place - with strategically built non-local networks, i.e. the best of two worlds. Notably, the entrepreneurs seek to exhaust the localized resource base before seeking out non-local resources. Our findings thus contribute to our understanding of entrepreneurship in context and challenge future research to explore how different forms of contexts are bridged in different settings to create varieties of entrepreneurial activities.
|
|
| 11. |
- Gaddefors, Johan
(författare)
-
Anatomy of a qualitative methods section: embracing the researcher as an engaged author
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 36, s. 561-576
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this editorial, we explore the content of qualitative methods sections in one year of publications from Entrepreneurship & Regional Development (E&RD). We build a common anatomy of qualitative method work, exposing this to critique as we establish best practice and consider opportunities to enhance qualitative method writing. Our findings identify six common areas of focus in qualitative methods sections: arguing for qualitative and inductive 'fit'; defending the sample; data collection procedures; analysis work; substantiation of what is seen; and the use of tables. We problematize the observed tendency of viewing these areas through a post-positivist lens and propose complementary framings to encourage more engaged and reflexive authorship. The pursuit of interesting and thought-provoking qualitative work, which is at the same time methodologically rigorous, presents a challenging paradox for authors. We see this editorial as a navigational guide for authors and reviewers on what we should consider in methodological contributions. At its most powerful, qualitative research exposes tension, uncovers knowledge ambiguities, and offers potential for future perspectives. We argue that engaged authorship in qualitative work allows us to embrace a co-constructed approach to the knowledge of entrepreneurship, creating the opportunity for epistemological contributions which are both robust and courageous.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Gaddefors, Johan
(författare)
-
Creating context : entrepreneurial opportunities in a consumer market setting
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Enterprising Culture. - 0218-4958. ; 13:3, s. 199-224
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on entrepreneurial opportunities in a consumer market setting. The purpose is to explore how the corporate branding process influences emerging entrepreneurial opportunities. The empirical results show the importance of symbols and images influencing emerging opportunities, rather than isolated product innovations. Here the importance of examining all the people involved in the entrepreneurial process, rather than just focusing on the entrepreneur or the entrepreneurial organization, is emphasized. The case illustrates the intensity and the devotion invested in the creation of a context that holds the Nav products. In this process the interplay between identity and image is described in a corporate branding perspective. I show how, by whom, and where, the creation of context becomes distinct. Introducing the creation of context to entrepreneurship theories change the opportunity discussion from a situation where organizational aspects are primarily focused on, to a situation also emphasizing the consumer market side of entrepreneurial opportunities. The theoretical results illustrate how branding theory and marketing/entrepreneurship interface theories shift the interest from organization aspects to market related aspects of the entrepreneurial process. The overall conclusions are that branding aspects of the entrepreneurial process are becoming more challenging in a society and on a market generally characterized by fragmentation.
|
|
| 14. |
- Gaddefors, Johan
(författare)
-
Entrepreneursheep and context: when entrepreneurship is greater than entrepreneurs
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research. - 1355-2554. ; 23, s. 267-278
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explain how context shapes what becomes entrepreneurial.Design/methodology/approach - The paper is part of a longitudinal study over ten years, an ethnographic work including interviews, participating in meetings and shadowing. Texts and voices boiled down to transcripts and notes were sorted in NVivo. The empirical material was presented as a simple, short story, with the aim to question established assumptions and relations. The paper propose context as the unit for analysis, instead of entrepreneurs and outcomes. This opened up the scale from a narrow individualism to a much broader appreciation of the entrepreneurship as shaped by social factors.Findings - The paper provides insights about how context determines entrepreneurship. It is not simply the context in itself, but the things that are going on in the context. What entrepreneurship does is to connect and thus create a raft of changes. The paper suggests that to depart from context as the unit of analysis will avoid the objectification of entrepreneurship and open up for discussing the becoming of entrepreneurship. The case illustrates how entrepreneurship is an event in a flow of changing circumstances. Entrepreneurship is formed from the context itself, rather than being individual or social; entrepreneurship appears simultaneously to be both. Entrepreneurship can and does exist in multiple states regardless of the observer and the observation.Originality/value - This paper fulfils an identified need to learn more about how entrepreneurship and context interact. It illustrates how context is more engaged in the entrepreneurial process than entrepreneurship theory acknowledges.
|
|
| 15. |
- Gaddefors, Johan
(författare)
-
Entrepreneurship as a community phenomenon; reconnecting meanings and place
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - 1476-1297 .- 1741-8054. ; 28, s. 504-518
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores entrepreneurship as a community phenomenon to establish the roles of entrepreneurship within the social and spatial boundaries of place. During the decade of studying this place through an entrepreneurial lens, we were able to identify processes that might normally be overlooked. One, albeit unusual, entrepreneurial event had worked to trigger these changes. We found a renewed sense of belonging and a stronger sense of place meaning that had revitalised this previously depleted community. Entrepreneurship had worked in and for the community by realigning the meanings and attributes of place. We argue that our novel unit for analysis, entrepreneurship in place, offers a broader, perhaps richer, view of entrepreneurship as a socialised phenomenon.
|
|
| 16. |
- Gaddefors, Johan
(författare)
-
Entrepreneurship as Re-sourcing: Towards a New image of Entrepreneurship in a Time of Financial, Economic and Socio-spatial Crisis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy. - 1750-6204. ; 10, s. 178-202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of entrepreneurship that can help researchers, policymakers and practitioners develop entrepreneurial responses to the current economic, environmental and socio-spatial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a conceptual approach. Hudson’s diagnosis of the current patterns of production is applied to the two dominant streams of theorising on entrepreneurship: the opportunistic discovery view and the resourcefulness view of, for example, effectuation. Findings The analysis indicates that the opportunistic discovery view and, to some extent, the resourcefulness view are both inadequate as conceptual platforms for entrepreneurial responses to the economic, environmental and socio-spatial crisis. Instead, an alternative perspective on entrepreneurship is developed: Entrepreneurship as re-sourcing. The perspective emphasises the importance of building regional-level resilience through entrepreneurial activity that sources resources from new places and uses these resources to create multiple forms of value. Practical implications The paper draws attention to dysfunctions in the current theorising on entrepreneurship in light of the economic, environmental and socio-spatial crisis. Instead, the authors offer an alternative. In doing so, the paper also points to the difficult trade-offs that exist between, for example, long-term resilience and short-term competitiveness and growth on a regional, as well as firm level. Originality/value This paper adds to research by offering an alternative view of entrepreneurship grounded – not in economics – but in economic geography, thus highlighting the importance of productions’ grounding in material reality and the importance of addressing non-economic concerns in our way of thinking about entrepreneurship.
|
|
| 17. |
- Gaddefors, Johan
(författare)
-
Entrepreneurship demands resistance to be mobilized
- 2010
-
Ingår i: (De)Mobilizing the Entrepreneurship Discourse: Exploring Entrepreneurial Thinking and Action. - 9781849801454 ; , s. 140-157
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Gaddefors, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Market creation : the epitome of entrepreneurial marketing practices
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship. - : Emerald. - 1471-5201 .- 1471-521X. ; 10:1, s. 19-39
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to examine theories of marketing and entrepreneurship and compare these with entrepreneurial marketing practices.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a case study to explore the social constructions of narratives.FindingsThe paper reveals how interactions based around meanings, purpose and identities work to create products, customers, entrepreneurs and even the market. Here the emphasis on signs, symbols and images redirects attention to create space for expectations to grow.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper develops its argument that merely modifying existing theory is conceptually inadequate; a new framework is introduced which enables the understanding of how entrepreneurship and marketing combine. The paper shows how this fertile dynamic produces not only new products, but also may actually create new markets.Originality/valueThis case study demonstrates how entrepreneurship and marketing become inseparable in the co‐production of identity and future.
|
|
| 23. |
- Gaddefors, Johan
(författare)
-
Metaphor use in the entrepreneurial process
- 2007
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research. - : Emerald. - 1355-2554 .- 1758-6534. ; 13:3, s. 173-193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to critically investigate the use of metaphor in the entrepreneurial process. In particular, the paper focuses on how metaphors are used in the construction of the environment, a precondition for the creation of business opportunities. Design/methodology/approach - This paper reports on a two-day meeting between Light, a management consultancy firm, and Epsilon one of their clients. The data are drawn from a larger ethnographic study within Light. The consultants and their clients are followed in their daily work. The focus was on how metaphor use influenced their organisational practices. Findings - Investigating the play of metaphors in Epsilon, it is shown how the firm's environment is created; a pre-condition for understanding how entrepreneurial opportunities are created. It is shown how use of metaphor, understood as a mode of interpretation, is taking place over time, and how it is part of a relational, context-dependent process. Research limitations/ implications - The present study provides new ways of understanding the use of metaphor in the entrepreneurial process. It also indicates the need for a continued focus on language use in the entrepreneurial process. One limitation is that not all aspects of metaphor use are investigated. Practical implications - This research can help to influence practitioners to pay more attention to the use of metaphors, not only as a tool for creative thinking or the questioning of embedded assumptions, but also as a mode for interpreting, structuring and producing images of the environment and the organisation. Originality/value - This paper contributes to development of influences from the linguistic turn to entrepreneurship studies by exploring metaphor theory. One result of this focus on language is an increased sensitivity to metaphor use in the entrepreneurial process.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Gaddefors, Johan
(författare)
-
Regional development through entrepreneurial exaptation: Epistemological displacement, affordances, and collective agency in rural regions
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 74, s. 244-256
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The creation of growth and development in rural regions presents a key challenge for both researchers and policy makers. In this paper, we explore entrepreneurial exaptation as a mechanism for creating regional development in rural regions characterised by organisational thinness. Exaptation as a source of innovation involves the adoption of one or more resources for a different purpose than it was originally intended or designed for. Using a longitudinal field study of a region in rural Sweden and a garden-themed new venture based on the exaptation of local resources, we show how exaptation can initiate a positive development path in a hitherto lagging rural region. Through collective agency, involving entrepreneurs and locals, the exaptation creates an epistemological displacement that discloses concrete and abstract affordances in local resources. Overall, our study points to the importance of entrepreneurial exaptation as a source of innovation in rural regions and suggests that regional development paths are not determined by lock-in effects and path dependencies related to existing resource bases.
|
|
| 26. |
- Gaddefors, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Returnees and local stakeholders co-producing the entrepreneurial region
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 17:8, s. 1191-1203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- he purpose of this article is to examine how returning entrepreneurs and local stakeholders are involved in co-producing an entrepreneurial region. A theoretical framework is proposed based on two metaphors: embeddedness and translation. Moreover, the value of the framework is illustrated by a case drawn from a study conducted over a 3-year period. The work is based on a constructionist approach, and the results emerged from a narrative analysis. Our partial ethnographic methodology gives us the opportunity to follow the interaction between entrepreneurs and local stakeholders over time. The findings show that what needs to become embedded to attain regional development is an entrepreneurial attitude to life in the region, not only the embeddedness of the returning entrepreneurs and their firms. Consequently, the framework results in a perspective emphasizing the interplay over time between entrepreneurs and local stakeholders. The value of the article is that it shows how the co-production of the entrepreneurial region between entrepreneurs and local stakeholders results in a continued regional development.
|
|
| 27. |
- Gaddefors, Johan
(författare)
-
Returnees and local stakeholders co-producing the entrepreneurial region
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Enacting Regional Dynamics and Entrepreneurship: Bridging the Territorial and Functional Rationales. - 9780415699853 ; , s. 119-133
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this chapter is to examine how returning entrepreneurs and local stakeholders are involved in co-producing an entrepreneurial region. A theoretical framework is proposed based on two metaphors; embeddedness and translation. Moreover, the value of the framework is illustrated by a case drawn from a study conducted over a 3-year period. The work is based on a constructionist approach, and the results emerged from a narrative analysis. Our partial ethnographic methodology gives us the opportunity to follow the interaction between entrepreneurs and local stakeholders over time. The findings show what needs to become embedded to attain regional development is an entrepreneurial attitude to life in the region, not only the embeddedness of the returning entrepreneurs and their firms. Consequently, the framework results in a perspective emphasising the interplay over time between entrepreneurs and local stakeholders. The value of the chapter is that it shows how the co-production of the entrepreneurial region between entrepreneurs and local stakeholders results in continued regional development.
|
|
| 28. |
- Gaddefors, Johan
(författare)
-
Romancing the rural: Reconceptualizing rural entrepreneurship as engagement with context(s)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1465-7503 .- 2043-6882. ; 20, s. 159-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article considers how we conceive and research rural entrepreneurship. While we argue for the importance of context for understanding entrepreneuring, we also acknowledge that some perceptions of the rural context may be misleading. We critically review how the rural in rural entrepreneurship has been applied. We find how some romancing of the rural has had detrimental effects in theorizing about rural. However, we also find and discuss the interesting range of relationships between the rural and the entrepreneurship presented in the literature. We conclude that a conceptually robust approach can be achieved by examining the nature and extent of entrepreneurial engagement with the contexts that characterize the rural. Finally, we propose methods that will enable us to achieve better understanding of the processes of rural.
|
|
| 29. |
- Gaddefors, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Rural entrepreneurship and the context: navigating contextual barriers through women's groups
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship. - 1756-6266. ; 14, s. 213-234
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This study aims to examine how women's groups help women to navigate context-related barriers to their engagement in rural entrepreneurship. The paper combines the contextualisation of entrepreneurship framework and the feminist separatist theory to describe how women's groups in patriarchal rural communities enable women to circumvent context-related barriers and actively engage in rural entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach Based on a case study of 12 women's groups engaged in paddy farming, rice processing and marketing in rural Tanzania, this study draws on semi-structured interviews with 46 women, four focus group discussions, four in-depth key informant interviews and non-participant observation. Findings Rural women face unique context-related challenges that hinder them from effectively participating in rural entrepreneurship. Specifically, limited access to farmlands and profitable markets, lack of business networks, limited time, poverty and insufficient financial resources constrain women's engagement in entrepreneurship. To overcome these contextual barriers, rural women have organised themselves into groups to gain access to business services, business-related training, grants and business networks. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the existing literature on contextualising entrepreneurship by focussing on how rural contexts may constrain women's entrepreneurial engagement while showing how women respond to contextual barriers that enable them to participate in rural entrepreneurship. Practical implications This study shows that women with low education can pursue rural entrepreneurship if they are supported through training and access to networks. This will support the performance of these groups of women. Originality/value This study offers new insights into the role of women's groups in navigating gender-related constraints that hinder women from participating in rural entrepreneurship within the patriarchal context of low-income countries. Thus, new perceptions for the gender and rural entrepreneurship theory and the policy implications thereof are proffered.
|
|
| 30. |
- Gaddefors, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Rural entrepreneurship research : promoting reflexivity or functional stupidity?
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Conference abstracts. - : University of West Scotland.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper departs from an ongoing interactive research project on entrepreneurial enclaves in southern Sweden aimed at promoting regional development through interaction between local stakeholders, academic researchers and undergraduate university students in three different municipalities. The logic of the project is that university students and academic researchers launch projects in the three municipalities. The projects are planned and performed with support from the local community. By initiating projects in the three municipalities, the research idea is that processes will start that can lead to new initiatives. Through initiating action and interaction the aim of the project is, in an experimental way, to see how entrepreneurship is mobilized. The question is how activities develop in the municipalities as a result of the research project, and how conflicts and resistance partake in this process.After having worked with the research project for half a year two issues surprised us; the conformity of the ideas in our three enclaves and the close relatedness, when it comes to practical solutions, between practice and academia. The research project seemed to have resulted in standardized, expected and widespread, common solutions to the kinds of problems and opportunities that are ascribed to the rural areas. As the solutions produced within the project are collaboratively discussed and decided upon by academic staff and local stakeholders, the fault of this lack of imagination seem to be a problem for all of us. Preconceptions about what is important in rural entrepreneurship guide us as researchers when we try to understand the field. Preconceptions were also a point of departure in the enclaves we studied, resulting in a few common solutions for how to cope with downturn and produce regional development. In this paper we are using the concept of functional stupidity (Alvesson & Spicer, 2012) to reflect upon the benefits as well as the drawbacks of the tendency, in the academy as well as in society at large, to produce a stereotypical menu of problems and suggested solutions when it comes to rural development. We also discuss the possibility to break this norm by promoting a kind of reflexivity that has the potential to produce surprising and norm-breaking ideas in the area of rural development.
|
|
| 31. |
- Gaddefors, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Special issue in memory of professor Alistair Anderson 'social perspectives of entrepreneuring'
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 34, s. 507-514
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Special Issue of Entrepreneurship and Regional Development honours Distinguished Professor of Entrepreneurship Alistair Anderson's memory. This Special Issue offers a range of papers that engage with Alistair Anderson's work and extend it by taking a social science view to understanding entrepreneurship.
|
|
| 32. |
- Gaddefors, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Staging rural entrepreneurship
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Presented at the 12th Rural Entrepreneurship Conference, Harper Adams University, Shropshire, UK, June 18-19, 2014. ; , s. 1-16
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Gaddefors, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Stepping up from the audience : the researcher as director and part of the ensemble
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 22nd Nordic Academy of Management conference held at University of Iceland Reykjavík, 21-23 August, 2013. - : Nordic Academy of Management. ; , s. 73-73
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Adopting a theatrical metaphor, we argue that the engaged researcher can interact with the situation studied in three different research positions: as one of the directors staging an event (1), as a member of the ensemble performing an event (2), as a member of the audience observing an event (3). The three research positions identified are developed theoretically based on action research and interactive research. Those two affiliated methodological traditions have been developed out of the conviction that the neutral and distant research ideal is unrealistic and even problematic, as it holds out the prospect of a possible “view from nowhere” where the presence of the researcher does not influence the situation studied. We give examples from two research projects. In the first project a PhD student interacted within three different events using a specific research position in all three events, thus using all three positions within the same project. In the second project undergraduate students staged his/her project with local stake-holders, and researchers interchangeably staged events as well as took part of the ensemble performing the event and took part in certain events as part of the audience. Taking different roles as well as changing roles made the travel between closeness and distance to the research process possible as well as making sense of the studied processes in both projects. In the first project with a sole researcher extended time is necessary, while in the second project the different roles can be divided by members of the research ensemble.
|
|
| 35. |
- Gaddefors, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of spatial context for women's engagement in rural entrepreneurship in Tanzania
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Business Management Review. - 0856-2253 .- 2546-213X. ; 23, s. 48-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper intends to explore the role that spatial context plays in women’s engagement in rural entrepreneurship. Positioned in a social constructivist perspective, spatial context is taken not as a background, but rather as an entrepreneurial milieu with its elements constructed and experienced. This paper argues that in order to understand how spatial context influences and is being influenced by women’s engagement in entrepreneurial activities, scholars need to move away from considering spatial context as merely geographical locations, which allow for free flowing social relations and exchanges, and look at it as an active ingredient that may influence the entrepreneurial process. The paper theorises entrepreneurship as not merely an economic process but also a social-spatial process which draws from spatial structures as entrepreneurs embed within their context. The qualitative examination of women’s engagement in rural entrepreneurship finds that spatial context plays a key role in shaping the process of engaging through thinning and/or thickening women’s entrepreneurial agency. However, recognition, realisation and utilisation of spatial resources depend on the entrepreneurs’ understanding of the spatial structures. This paper’s contribution lies in its illustration of the role of spatial context in entrepreneurial processes, in particular for marginalised rural women. The paper furthers the understanding of spatial context as an entrepreneurial milieu for enhancing literature about women and entrepreneurship
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Hashim, Hina, et al.
(författare)
-
The value of entrepreneuring in the context of multidimensional poverty
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1465-7503 .- 2043-6882. ; 24, s. 88-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of entrepreneurship in alleviating poverty has been extensively researched by entrepreneurship researchers and policy makers. The focus of this research has mostly been in the context of business, for example, the links between value creation leading and economic poverty amelioration. We believe that poverty is multidimensional and requires attention to detail. Similarly, we argue that entrepreneurship is more than an engine for economic outcomes; rather it is a process for socioeconomic value creation and change. Therefore, we approach entrepreneurship as a verb – ‘entrepreneuring’, an unfolding value process which points at the inherent processual character of entrepreneurship. We argue that entrepreneuring enables the context of poverty by creating different values. To understand its nuances, we explore the concept of ‘value’ in entrepreneuring that offers a means of escaping poverty. To do so, we conducted a qualitative narrative study of entrepreneurs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in an impoverished part of northern Pakistan. This article initially reviews literature about entrepreneurship and poverty. Next, we propose a conceptual framework to understand how and why entrepreneuring happens in the context of poverty, and who is involved. Finally, we provide a theoretical framework as to how entrepreneuring creates values that allow individuals to enable the context of poverty.
|
|
| 38. |
- Hyder, Akmal S., et al.
(författare)
-
Strategic alliances and resource-based view: An entrepreneurship orientation perspective
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT Purpose of the paper This research deals with the Internationalization of health services focusing on two services characteristics intangibility and heterogeneity. The study analyzes how adaptation/standardization, trust and network development are achieved when marketing a Swedish health care service in Brazil, a culturally distant country to Sweden. Literature addressed The theoretical framework of the study is based on theories on International Marketing Services, trust, networks and cultural differences. Adaptation/standardization is important when operating in a foreign market for acceptance of services, creating confidence in the foreign market and establishing contacts with the local environment. Networks are needed to get information and gain access to resources the firms need to run their activities. By creating trust long term business relationships can be developed. Using trust and networks can service providers communicate with customers and understand and satisfy their needs. Research Method We apply a case study for data collection. A case on a Swedish invention for radio surgery, Gamma Knife in Brazil has been conducted in its real life context. Qualitative data have been collected in form of semi-structured interviews. Direct observation of the working environment and activities in Sweden has also been used as data source. We concentrate on the process of the marketing of the service. Research Findings The study shows that cultural adaptation makes service characteristics tangible by increasing the understanding between service providers and local customers. It suggests that foreign company’s service offerings, values and beliefs connected to the quality of the service are to be standardised. This standardisation communicates the offering both of a treatment and also of a learning process and helps the service to be visible and tangible. It further demonstrates that relationships related to the local market are to be adapted to customers´ tastes, habits and preferences to develop trust and networks. The study suggest that a balanced combination of adaptation and standardisation makes services homogenous and tangible increasing the possibility of success for service providers and the acceptance of services by the local customers. Main contribution The research contributes to the International services marketing literature developing a model of internationalization of health services marketing based on adaptation/standardization, trust and network, to overcome issues of intangibility and heterogeneity of services. Managers should recognize that marketing people-processing services requires development of local networks to gain trust, and legitimacy in the local market.
|
|
| 39. |
- Hyder, Akmal S., et al.
(författare)
-
Towards a typology of strategic alliances for small firms
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Strategic Management. - 1555-2411. ; 9:1, s. 78-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have been conducted on strategic alliances, but mainly from large and medium-sized companies’ perspectives. This work concentrates on small firms and suggests a typology of small firm alliances to reveal their opportunities and constraints relating to alliance formation and development. By combining network and Entrepreneurship orientation (EO), an alliance typology consisting of four categories: (1) stable-proactive, (2) stable-innovative, (3) dynamic-proactive and (4) dynamic-innovative is developed. The proposed typology is exemplified by the help of in-depth case illustration which performs a two-fold function: it examines the applicability of the typology and it offers guidance to the entrepreneurs as how to combine effectively network and EO and also position the firm in the appropriate typology in managing business. All the alliance type can be appropriate for small firms, but the nature of business will decide which type will be employed. One limitation of this study is the focus on service firms. Two studies can be suggested in this regard: a focus exclusively on the manufacturing firms to compare with the result of the current study and to combine both service and manufacturing firms to illustrate the theoretical contribution.
|
|
| 40. |
- Johansson, Anders W., 1951-, et al.
(författare)
-
Entreprenöriella landsbygdsenklaver : Genomförda studentprojekt i Långasjö socken under 2013
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet ’Entreprenöriella landsbygdsenklaver’ är det första projekt som tilldelats medel av Familjen Kamprads stiftelse inom området entreprenörskap –särskilt sådan som främjar en levande landsbygd. Projektet bygger på idén att varje bygd har sina specifika förutsättningar och att människorna som bor där också är speciella, varför varje bygd har unika förutsättningar för entreprenörskap. Tidigt i planeringen av projektet skapades begreppet ”landsbygdsenklav” och med detta begrepp som ledstjärna identifierades socken som ett möjligt sätt att uppfatta och beskriva en entreprenöriell bygd präglad av stark samhörighet och handlingskraft. I planeringen av projektet diskuterades vilka bygder (socknar) som skulleingå i studien, vilket ledde till att socknarna Långasjö i Emmaboda kommun samt Älmeboda/Rävemåla och Urshult i Tingsryds kommun valdes ut. Denna rapport redovisar delprojekten i Långasjö.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Jonsson, Josefina, et al.
(författare)
-
How online communities are important for rural entrepreneurial change : the library revolt
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy. - 1750-6204.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThis study aims to discuss how an online community interacts with a local community during the entrepreneurial process. By having a contextualized view of entrepreneurship, this study acknowledges the social and spatial dynamics of the process.Design/methodology/approachThe inductive approach used in this study is empirically anchored in the case “the library revolt”. This paper analysed interviews conducted in a selected region in Sweden and followed a netnographic method to capture the social interactions online. By using qualitative modes of inquiry, this study attempts to illuminate the social aspects of the entrepreneurial process.FindingsThis study shows how social media works as a contextual element in entrepreneurship. By presenting interactions between an online community and a rural community, it is shown how entrepreneurial processes in rural areas can be shaped not only through local community relations but also by online interaction. It illustrates how an online context, where actors are located with their own unique set of resources, contributes to rural development. By being a part of an ongoing process of structuration, we can view the actors are gaining access to the resources online, which contributes to the change happening in a local community.Originality/valueThis study adds to the conversation of the role of context in entrepreneurship studies. Rural entrepreneurship largely discusses the local social bonds and actions, while this study includes the online social bonds as a part of the reality in which entrepreneurship is developed.
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Melin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Agency in entrepreneurship: preparing entrepreneurship theory for another view of context
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research. - 1355-2554. ; 29, s. 184-205
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore how agency is distributed between human actors and nonhuman elements in entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachIt is based on an inductive longitudinal case study of a garden in a rural community in northern Sweden. The methodology includes an ethnography of the garden, spanning the course of 16 years, and a careful investigation of the entrepreneurial processes contained within it.FindingsThis article identifies and describes different practices to explain how agency is distributed between human actors and nonhuman elements in the garden's context. Three different practices were identified and discussed, namely “calling”, “resisting”, and “provoking”.Originality/valueAgency/structure constitutes a longstanding conundrum in entrepreneurship and context. This study contributes to the on-going debate on context in entrepreneurship, and introduces a posthumanist perspective—particularly that of distributed agency—to theorising in entrepreneurship. Rather than focussing on a human (hero)-driven change process, induced through the exploitation of material objects, this novel perspective views entrepreneurship as both a human and a nonhuman venture, occurring through interactions located in particular places and times. Coming from the agency/structure dichotomy, this article reaches out for elements traditionally established on the structure side, distributing them to the agency side of the dichotomy. As such, it contributes to an understanding of the agency of nonhuman elements, and how they direct entrepreneurship in context. This theoretical development prepares entrepreneurship theories to be better able to engage with nonhuman elements and provides example solutions for the ongoing climate crisis.
|
|
| 45. |
- Melin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
The moral of the story: 'populism' and 'activism' in entrepreneurship
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 34, s. 765-787
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper engages with the concepts of 'populism' and 'activism' in entrepreneurial storytelling in order to explain how entrepreneurship may be both an individual and a collective endeavour. Through a case study of a moose park, we show how entrepreneurs move back and forth between individualism and collectivism with what seems to be little forethought. Our findings suggest that populism and activism function as a duality that essentially serves two purposes: populism reinforces the entrepreneur stereotype, highlighting the individual entrepreneur's business venture; whilst activism challenges stereotypes, initiating new meaning, and social and ecological value change. Embeddedness appears a necessary condition for both these processes - the social connections in context affect the possibilities to initiate change, whether individualist or collectivist. Thus, we contribute to entrepreneurship as practice by showing how storytelling both strengthens and changes social context; and how storytelling alters depending on the social context, and the different forms of embeddedness in it.
|
|
| 46. |
- Roos, Annie, et al.
(författare)
-
In the wake of the ironworks - entrepreneurship and the spatial connections to empowerment and emancipation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1465-7503 .- 2043-6882. ; 25, s. 21-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we explore connections between entrepreneurship, gender, empowerment and emancipation. Through the lens of entrepreneurship, we investigate the spatial aspects of these interlinked processes and illustrate emancipation through oppressive gender structures. This spatial lens allows us to see how emancipation changes in practice over time, with empowerment being one of these practices. Through ethnographic longitudinal fieldwork that studies an ironworks turned into a tourist garden, we highlight the collective reproduction of established oppressive structures. Our findings prioritise a spatial understanding of how entrepreneurship connects to empowerment and emancipation.
|
|
| 47. |
- Stenmark, Lina, 1979-
(författare)
-
Den regionala utvecklingens logik i policy och praktik : En fallstudie av den regionalpolitiska interventionen Resurscentra för kvinnor
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den regionala utvecklingspolitikens karaktär har under de senaste decennierna skiftat dramatiskt. Utvecklingen har gått från centralstyrning till allt större regionalt självbestämmande. Från en inriktning på stödinsatser och regional utjämning till en starkare betoning av tillväxt i landets samtliga delar. Begreppet tillväxt har vunnit mark och man talar allt oftare om en regional tillväxtpolitik. Samtidigt som man i stor utsträckning betonar den ekonomiska tillväxten finns också en ambition att bredda begreppet med en ekologisk och social dimension. Tilltron till att man genom statliga interventioner kan styra samhällsutvecklingen i Sverige har länge varit stark och stora resurser har avsatts för satsningar inte minst inom området för regionalpolitik. Själva logiken bakom interventionerna har dock sällan klarlagts. I avhandlingen görs det utifrån en specifik regionalpolitisk insats, nämligen resurscentra för kvinnor. Det blir då tydligt hur regionalpolitiken, i form av policyn bakom interventionen, vilar på motsägelsefulla underliggande logiker vilka praktiken sedan i sin tur måste balansera. Något som i flera fall ger upphov till organisatoriska problem i verksamheten. Resurscentra för kvinnor utgör en regionalpolitisk satsning som funnits sedan mitten av 1990-talet och vars tillkomst och utformning delvis kan förstås mot bakgrund av den utveckling av regionalpolitiken som beskrivits ovan. Inrättandet skedde utifrån att man konstaterat att kvinnor varit missgynnade inom regionalpolitiken. Ett genusperspektiv där man i högre utsträckning tog hänsyn till kvinnors lokala och regionala villkor och förutsättningar efterfrågades därför. Som konsekvens av detta inrättades regionala resurscentra för kvinnor i samtliga län, många lokala resurscentra bildades också. Antalet har varierat över tid men det har i Sverige rört sig om ett hundratal regionala och lokala resurscentra. I avhandlingen står särskilt två län i fokus; Södermanland och Västmanland med två regionala och sjutton lokala resurscentra. Avhandlingen som bygger på en studie av resurscentraverksamheten i Södermanland och Västmanland 2004-2006 visar hur flera av de organisatoriska problem verksamheten i praktiken brottas med kan förstås i relation till en motsägelsefull regionalpolitik. Vid en närmare studie av policyn bakom resurscentra kan den förstås som vilandes på tre olika och delvis självmotsägande underliggande logiker. Logiker som verksamheten i praktiken måste hantera och som många gånger ger upphov till motstridiga krav.
|
|
| 48. |
- Tunberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Small Firm Growth: The Unfolding of a Trigger Point
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Enterprising Culture. - 0218-4958. ; 30, s. 161-184
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study combines the concept of trigger points, events preceding bursts of growth, with a linguistic approach to show how firm growth unfolds through a process of translation. By marrying theories and methods rooted in the linguistic turn with firm growth theories, this study brings new insights on growth contributing to both the advancement of the trigger point concept and the wider understanding of entrepreneurial activities as complex and contextually bound processes dependent on human interaction. In doing so, the study also adheres to the current demand for advancing firm growth theory by relaxing the outcome-focussed approach and static life-cycle paradigm, and complementing it with alternative theoretical and methodological perspectives.
|
|
