| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Alvarez, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-2045. ; 23:1, s. 27-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Hyde, K. D., et al.
(författare)
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Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa
- 2023
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Ingår i: MYCOSPHERE. - : Mushroom Research Foundation. - 2077-7000 .- 2077-7019. ; 14:1, s. 1960-2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, 'to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation', or 'are there too many genera in the Boletales?' and even more importantly, 'what should be done with the tremendously diverse 'dark fungal taxa?' There are undeniable differences in mycologists' perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based on scientific evidence with regards to nomenclature, classifications, and taxonomic concepts will be welcomed, and any recommendations on specific taxonomic issues will also be encouraged; however, we will encourage professionally and ethically responsible criticisms of others' work. This biannual ongoing project will provide an outlet for advances in various topics of fungal classification, nomenclature, and taxonomic concepts and lead to a community-agreed classification scheme for the fungi and fungus-like taxa. Interested parties should contact the lead author if they would like to be involved in future outlines.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Very high-energy gamma-ray follow-up program using neutrino triggers from IceCube
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe and report the status of a neutrino-triggered program in IceCube that generates real-time alerts for gamma-ray follow-up observations by atmospheric-Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC and VERITAS). While IceCube is capable of monitoring the whole sky continuously, high-energy gamma-ray telescopes have restricted fields of view and in general are unlikely to be observing a potential neutrino-flaring source at the time such neutrinos are recorded. The use of neutrino-triggered alerts thus aims at increasing the availability of simultaneous multi-messenger data during potential neutrino flaring activity, which can increase the discovery potential and constrain the phenomenological interpretation of the high-energy emission of selected source classes (e. g. blazars). The requirements of a fast and stable online analysis of potential neutrino signals and its operation are presented, along with first results of the program operating between 14 March 2012 and 31 December 2015.
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| 7. |
- Buchanan, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 rapid-response dataset
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data.
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| 8. |
- Mayer, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Constraints on particle acceleration in SS433/W50 from MAGIC and HESS observations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The large jet kinetic power and non-thermal processes occurring in the microquasar SS 433 make this source a good candidate for a very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emitter. Gamma-ray fluxes above the sensitivity limits of current Cherenkov telescopes have been predicted for both the central X-ray binary system and the interaction regions of SS 433 jets with the surrounding W50 nebula. Non-thermal emission at lower energies has been previously reported, indicating that efficient particle acceleration is taking place in the system. Aims. We explore the capability of SS 433 to emit VHE gamma rays during periods in which the expected flux attenuation due to periodic eclipses (P-orb similar to 13.1 days) and precession of the circumstellar disk (P-pre similar to 162 days) periodically covering the central binary system is expected to be at its minimum. The eastern and western SS 433/W50 interaction regions are also examined using the whole data set available. We aim to constrain some theoretical models previously developed for this system with our observations. Methods. We made use of dedicated observations from the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC) and High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of SS 433 taken from 2006 to 2011. These observation were combined for the first time and accounted for a total effective observation time of 16.5 h, which were scheduled considering the expected phases of minimum absorption of the putative VHE emission. Gamma-ray attenuation does not affect the jet/medium interaction regions. In this case, the analysis of a larger data set amounting to similar to 40-80 h, depending on the region, was employed. Results. No evidence of VHE gamma-ray emission either from the central binary system or from the eastern/western interaction regions was found. Upper limits were computed for the combined data set. Differential fluxes from the central system are found to be less than or similar to 10(-12)-10(-13) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1) in an energy interval ranging from similar to few x 100 GeV to similar to few TeV. Integral flux limits down to similar to 10(-12)-10(-13) ph cm(-2) s(-1) and similar to 10(-13)-10(-14) ph cm(-2) s(-1) are obtained at 300 and 800 GeV, respectively. Our results are used to place constraints on the particle acceleration fraction at the inner jet regions and on the physics of the jet/medium interactions. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the fraction of the jet kinetic power that is transferred to relativistic protons must be relatively small in SS 433, q(p) <= 2.5 x 10(-5), to explain the lack of TeV and neutrino emission from the central system. At the SS 433/W50 interface, the presence of magnetic fields greater than or similar to 10 mu G is derived assuming a synchrotron origin for the observed X-ray emission. This also implies the presence of high-energy electrons with E-e up to 50 TeV, preventing an efficient production of gamma-ray fluxes in these interaction regions.
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| 9. |
- Abgrall, N., et al.
(författare)
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The large enriched germanium experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay (LEGEND)
- 2017
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : Author(s). - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. ; 1894
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) would show that lepton number is violated, reveal that neu-trinos are Majorana particles, and provide information on neutrino mass. A discovery-capable experiment covering the inverted ordering region, with effective Majorana neutrino masses of 15 - 50 meV, will require a tonne-scale experiment with excellent energy resolution and extremely low backgrounds, at the level of ∼0.1 count /(FWHM·t·yr) in the region of the signal. The current generation 76Ge experiments GERDA and the Majorana Demonstrator, utilizing high purity Germanium detectors with an intrinsic energy resolution of 0.12%, have achieved the lowest backgrounds by over an order of magnitude in the 0νββ signal region of all 0νββ experiments. Building on this success, the LEGEND collaboration has been formed to pursue a tonne-scale 76Ge experiment. The collaboration aims to develop a phased 0νββ experimental program with discovery potential at a half-life approaching or at 1028 years, using existing resources as appropriate to expedite physics results.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Aleksic, J., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the Crab Nebula spectrum over three decades in energy with the MAGIC telescopes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Astrophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-4048 .- 2214-4056. ; 5-6, s. 30-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MAGIC stereoscopic system collected 69 hours of Crab Nebula data between October 2009 and April 2011. Analysis of this data sample using the latest improvements in the MAGIC stereoscopic software provided an unprecedented precision of spectral and night-by-night light curve determination at gamma rays. We derived a differential spectrum with a single instrument from 50 GeV up to almost 30 TeV with 5 bins per energy decade. At low energies, MAGIC results, combined with Fermi-LAT data, show a flat and broad Inverse Compton peak. The overall fit to the data between 1 GeV and 30 TeV is not well described by a log-parabola function. We find that a modified log-parabola function with an exponent of 2.5 instead of 2 provides a good description of the data (chi(2)(red) = 35/26). Using systematic uncertainties of the MAGIC and Fermi-LAT measurements we determine the position of the Inverse Compton peak to be at (53 +/- 3(stat)+ 31(syst)-13(syst)) GeV, which is the most precise estimation up to date and is dominated by the systematic effects. There is no hint of the integral flux variability on daily scales at energies above 300 GeV when systematic uncertainties are included in the flux measurement. We consider three state-of-the-art theoretical models to describe the overall spectral energy distribution of the Crab Nebula. The constant B-field model cannot satisfactorily reproduce the VHE spectral measurements presented in this work, having particular difficulty reproducing the broadness of the observed IC peak. Most probably this implies that the assumption of the homogeneity of the magnetic field inside the nebula is incorrect. On the other hand, the time-dependent 1D spectral model provides a good fit of the new VHE results when considering a 80 mu G magnetic field. However, it fails to match the data when including the morphology of the nebula at lower wavelengths.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Ahnen, M. L., et al.
(författare)
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Limits to dark matter annihilation cross-section from a combined analysis of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT observations of dwarf satellite galaxies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first joint analysis of gamma-ray data from the MAGIC Cherenkov telescopes and the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) to search for gamma-ray signals from dark matter annihilation in dwarf satellite galaxies. We combine 158 hours of Segue 1 observations with MAGIC with 6-year observations of 15 dwarf satellite galaxies by the Fermi-LAT. We obtain limits on the annihilation cross-section for dark matter particle masses between 10 GeV and 100 TeV - the widest mass range ever explored by a single gamma-ray analysis. These limits improve on previously published Fermi-LAT and MAGIC results by up to a factor of two at certain masses. Our new inclusive analysis approach is completely generic and can be used to perform a global, sensitivity-optimized dark matter search by combining data from present and future gamma-ray and neutrino detectors.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Eron, Joseph J., et al.
(författare)
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Week 96 efficacy and safety results of the phase 3, randomized EMERALD trial to evaluate switching from boosted-protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to the once daily, single-tablet regimen of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) in treatment-experienced, virologically-suppressed adults living with HIV-1
- 2019
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Ingår i: Antiviral Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-3542 .- 1872-9096. ; 170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 The Authors Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg was investigated through 96 weeks in EMERALD (NCT02269917). Virologically-suppressed, HIV-1-positive treatment-experienced adults (previous non-darunavir virologic failure [VF] allowed) were randomized (2:1) to D/C/F/TAF or boosted protease inhibitor (PI) plus emtricitabine/tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (F/TDF) over 48 weeks. At week 52 participants in the boosted PI arm were offered switch to D/C/F/TAF (late-switch, 44 weeks D/C/F/TAF exposure). All participants were followed on D/C/F/TAF until week 96. Efficacy endpoints were percentage cumulative protocol-defined virologic rebound (PDVR; confirmed viral load [VL] ≥50 copies/mL) and VL < 50 copies/mL (virologic suppression) and ≥50 copies/mL (VF) (FDA-snapshot analysis). Of 1141 randomized patients, 1080 continued in the extension phase. Few patients had PDVR (D/C/F/TAF: 3.1%, 24/763 cumulative through week 96; late-switch: 2.3%, 8/352 week 52–96). Week 96 virologic suppression was 90.7% (692/763) (D/C/F/TAF) and 93.8% (330/352) (late-switch). VF was 1.2% and 1.7%, respectively. No darunavir, primary PI, tenofovir or emtricitabine resistance-associated mutations were observed post-baseline. No patients discontinued for efficacy-related reasons. Few discontinued due to adverse events (2% D/C/F/TAF arm). Improved renal and bone parameters were maintained in the D/C/F/TAF arm and observed in the late-switch arm, with small increases in total cholesterol/high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio. A study limitation was the lack of a control arm in the week 96 analysis. Through 96 weeks, D/C/F/TAF resulted in low PDVR rates, high virologic suppression rates, very few VFs, and no resistance development. Late-switch results were consistent with D/C/F/TAF week 48 results. EMERALD week 96 results confirm the efficacy, high genetic barrier to resistance and safety benefits of D/C/F/TAF.
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| 17. |
- Klonoff, D. C., et al.
(författare)
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A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1932-2968.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A composite metric for the quality of glycemia from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) tracings could be useful for assisting with basic clinical interpretation of CGM data. Methods: We assembled a data set of 14-day CGM tracings from 225 insulin-treated adults with diabetes. Using a balanced incomplete block design, 330 clinicians who were highly experienced with CGM analysis and interpretation ranked the CGM tracings from best to worst quality of glycemia. We used principal component analysis and multiple regressions to develop a model to predict the clinician ranking based on seven standard metrics in an Ambulatory Glucose Profile: very low–glucose and low-glucose hypoglycemia; very high–glucose and high-glucose hyperglycemia; time in range; mean glucose; and coefficient of variation. Results: The analysis showed that clinician rankings depend on two components, one related to hypoglycemia that gives more weight to very low-glucose than to low-glucose and the other related to hyperglycemia that likewise gives greater weight to very high-glucose than to high-glucose. These two components should be calculated and displayed separately, but they can also be combined into a single Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) that corresponds closely to the clinician rankings of the overall quality of glycemia (r = 0.95). The GRI can be displayed graphically on a GRI Grid with the hypoglycemia component on the horizontal axis and the hyperglycemia component on the vertical axis. Diagonal lines divide the graph into five zones (quintiles) corresponding to the best (0th to 20th percentile) to worst (81st to 100th percentile) overall quality of glycemia. The GRI Grid enables users to track sequential changes within an individual over time and compare groups of individuals. Conclusion: The GRI is a single-number summary of the quality of glycemia. Its hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia components provide actionable scores and a graphical display (the GRI Grid) that can be used by clinicians and researchers to determine the glycemic effects of prescribed and investigational treatments.
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| 18. |
- Addazi, A., et al.
(författare)
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New high-sensitivity searches for neutrons converting into antineutrons and/or sterile neutrons at the HIBEAM/NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 48:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The violation of baryon number, , is an essential ingredient for the preferential creation of matter over antimatter needed to account for the observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe. However, such a process has yet to be experimentally observed. The HIBEAM/NNBAR program is a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source to search for baryon number violation. The program will include high-sensitivity searches for processes that violate baryon number by one or two units: free neutron–antineutron oscillation () via mixing, neutron–antineutron oscillation via regeneration from a sterile neutron state (), and neutron disappearance (n → n'); the effective process of neutron regeneration () is also possible. The program can be used to discover and characterize mixing in the neutron, antineutron and sterile neutron sectors. The experiment addresses topical open questions such as the origins of baryogenesis and the nature of dark matter, and is sensitive to scales of new physics substantially in excess of those available at colliders. A goal of the program is to open a discovery window to neutron conversion probabilities (sensitivities) by up to three orders of magnitude compared with previous searches. The opportunity to make such a leap in sensitivity tests should not be squandered. The experiment pulls together a diverse international team of physicists from the particle (collider and low energy) and nuclear physics communities, while also including specialists in neutronics and magnetics.
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| 19. |
- Sodergren, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 314:5801, s. 941-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.
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| 20. |
- Svensson, C. E., et al.
(författare)
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Decay Out of the Doubly Magic Superdeformed Band in the N=Z Nucleus 60Zn
- 1999
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 82:17, s. 3400-3403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The doubly magic superdeformed band in the N = Z nucleus Zn-60 has been identified. Linking transitions connecting this band to the yrast line provide the first spin, parity, and excitation energy measurements for superdeformed states in the A similar to 60 region. The stretched-E2 character and relatively large B(E2) values of these transitions suggest a nonstatistical decay-out process.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Moran, S., et al.
(författare)
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A long life of excess : The interacting transient SN 2017hcc
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we present the results of a five-year follow-up campaign of the long-lived type IIn supernova SN 2017hcc, found in a spiral dwarf host of near-solar metallicity. The long rise time (57 ± 2 days, ATLAS o band) and high luminosity (peaking at −20.78 ± 0.01 mag in the ATLAS o band) point towards an interaction of massive ejecta with massive and dense circumstellar material (CSM). The evolution of SN 2017hcc is slow, both spectroscopically and photometrically, reminiscent of the long-lived type IIn, SN 2010jl. An infrared (IR) excess was apparent soon after the peak, and blueshifts were noticeable in the Balmer lines starting from a few hundred days, but appeared to be fading by around +1200 d. We posit that an IR light echo from pre-existing dust dominates at early times, with some possible condensation of new dust grains occurring at epochs ≳+800 d.
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| 23. |
- Pick, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Family still matters : Human social motivation across 42 countries during a global pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Evolution and human behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-5138 .- 1879-0607. ; 43:6, s. 527-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic social changes for many people, including separation from friends and coworkers, enforced close contact with family, and reductions in mobility. Here we assess the extent to which people's evolutionarily-relevant basic motivations and goals—fundamental social motives such as Affiliation and Kin Care—might have been affected. To address this question, we gathered data on fundamental social motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) across two waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered both before and during the pandemic (pre-pandemic wave: 32 countries, N = 8998; 3302 male, 5585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91; mid-pandemic wave: 29 countries, N = 6917; 2249 male, 4218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). Samples include data collected online (e.g., Prolific, MTurk), at universities, and via community sampling. We found that Disease Avoidance motivation was substantially higher during the pandemic, and that most of the other fundamental social motives showed small, yet significant, differences across waves. Most sensibly, concern with caring for one's children was higher during the pandemic, and concerns with Mate Seeking and Status were lower. Earlier findings showing the prioritization of family motives over mating motives (and even over Disease Avoidance motives) were replicated during the pandemic. Finally, well-being remained positively associated with family-related motives and negatively associated with mating motives during the pandemic, as in the pre-pandemic samples. Our results provide further evidence for the robust primacy of family-related motivations even during this unique disruption of social life.
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| 24. |
- Simancas, J.F., et al.
(författare)
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The seismic crustal structure of the Ossa-Morena Zone and its geological interpretation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Iberian Geology. - 1698-6180 .- 1886-7995. ; 30, s. 133-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IBERSEIS deep reflection seismic experiment has provided a crustal image of the Variscan orogen of southwest Iberia. A brief presentation of the entire seismic profile is given, and then the Ossa-Morena Zone (OMZ) and its boundaries are considered. The crust of the OMZ is shown to be divided into an upper crust, characterized by dominantly NE-dipping reflectivity, and a poorly reflective lower crust. The reflectivity of the upper crust has good correlation with the geological cross-section constructed from surface mapping. In the seismic image, the upper crustal geological structures are seen to merge in the middle crust. Nevertheless, the OMZ middle crust is not a mere detachment level, as it shows very unusual features: it appears as a band of strong reflectivity and irregular thickness (the Iberian Reflective Body, IRB) that we interpret as a great sill-like intrusion of basic rocks. The boundaries of the OMZ are considered sutures of the orogen, and their geometrical features, as deduced from geological mapping and the seismic image, are in accordance with the transpressional character of the Variscan collision recorded in SW Iberia. The present Moho is flat, obliterating the root of the orogen.
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| 25. |
- Svensson, C. E., et al.
(författare)
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Smooth Termination of Rotational Bands in 62Zn: Evidence for a Loss of Collectivity
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 80:12, s. 2558-2561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two sets of strongly coupled rotational bands have been identified in Zn-62. These bands have been observed up to the terminating states of their respective configurations. Lifetime measurements indicate that the transition quadrupole moments in these bands decrease as termination is approached. These results establish the first terminating states of rotational bands in the A similar to 60 mass region and confirm the predicted loss of collectivity associated with smooth band termination.
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| 26. |
- Ward, D., et al.
(författare)
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Band Structure of 68Ge
- 2001
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 63:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nucleus Ge-68 has been studied by gamma-ray spectroscopy following its population at high spin in the reaction Ca-40(S-32,4p) Ge-68. The reaction channel was selected with the Microball array and gamma rays were detected with the Gammasphere array. The level scheme is very complex, reflecting the many different, and presumably mixed, excitation modes in this nucleus. Nevertheless, there appear to be some simplifications in the spin range above 18 (h) over bar where we have identified a superdeformed band and several terminating bands. The results are compared with a cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky model without pairing.
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| 27. |
- Yu, C. H., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Superdeformed Bands in 61Zn and 60Zn: Possible Evidence for T=0 Pairing
- 1999
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 60:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The yrast superdeformed band in Zn-61 has been established using Si-28(Ar-36, 2pn)Zn-61 and Ca-40(Si-29, 2 alpha)Zn-61 fusion-evaporation reactions. The excitation energy of this band was determined via two transitions that link this band to the normally deformed states. Lifetime analysis of this band resulted in a quadrupole moment of Q(t) = 3.0 +/- (0.5)(0.4)e b, which corresponds to a deformation of beta(2) = 0.50+/-(0.07)(0.06). A comparison of the J((2)) dynamical moments of inertia of the yrast superdeformed band in Zn-61 with those in Zn-60 shows a nearly complete blocking of the observed alignment in Zn-60, indicating that T=0 proton-neutron pair correlations may be present in Zn-60. [S0556-2813(99)51109-6].
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| 28. |
- Yu, C. H., et al.
(författare)
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Superdeformed and Highly Deformed Bands in 65Zn and Neutron-proton Interactions in Zn Isotopes
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superdeformed and highly deformed rotational bands were established in Zn-65 using the Ca-40(Si-29,4p)Zn-65 reaction, and averaged quadrupole moments were measured for two of these bands. The configurations of these bands were assigned based on Hartree-Fock calculations. One of the three bands exhibits at low (h) over bar omega a rise in the J((2)) dynamic moments of inertia that is similar to the alignment gain observed in Zn-60. A comparison of the rotational band configurations and their J((2)) moments of inertia for light Zn isotopes suggests that the rise in J((2)) is most likely caused by np interactions associated with the valence protons and neutrons occupying the g(9/2) intruder orbits.
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| 29. |
- Naguleswaran, S., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic and intruder rotational bands in In-113
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 72:4, s. 044304-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states in In-113 were populated via the reactions Mo-100(O-18,p4n)In-113 and Pd-110(Li-7,4n)In-113. The two known Delta J=2 intruder bands, based on the pi g(7/2)circle times d(5/2) and pi h(11/2) orbitals, have been extended by 8h to spins (49/2(+))h and (55/2(-))h, respectively. The previous finding of three sequences of Delta J=1 gamma-ray transitions has been confirmed. A self-consistent cranked shell-model calculation gives a good description of the contrasting alignment patterns of the two Delta J=2 intruder bands. The intruder bands, the known sequences of M1 transitions, and spherical levels together represent a coexistence of three different excitation modes in this nucleus.
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| 30. |
- Svensson, C. E., et al.
(författare)
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Collective rotational motion in the N=Z nucleus 36Ar
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 682:1-4, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A superdeformed rotational band has been identified in the N = Z nucleus 36Ar, firmly linked to known low-spin states, and observed to its high-spin termination at Iπ = 16+. Lifetime measurements by the Doppler shift attenuation method establish a large low-spin deformation (β2 ≈ 0.46) and a decrease in the collectivity as the band approaches termination. Comparisons with cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky and large-scale spherical shell model calculations lead to a consistent description of the band based on a configuration in which four particles are promoted to the pf shell. With two major shells active for both protons and neutrons, yet a valence space dimension small enough to be approached from the shell model perspective, this band offers an excellent opportunity to investigate the microscopic structure of collective rotational motion in nuclei.
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| 31. |
- Svensson, C. E., et al.
(författare)
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Superdeformation in the N = z Nucleus 36Ar : Experimental, deformed mean field, and spherical shell model descriptions
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007. ; 85:13, s. 2693-2696
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A superdeformed rotational band has been identified in 36Ar, linked to known low-spin states, and observed to its high-spin termination at Iπ = 16+. Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky and spherical shell model calculations assign the band to a configuration in which four pf-shell orbitals are occupied, leading to a low-spin deformation β2 ≈ 0.45. Two major shells are active for both protons and neutrons, yet the valence space remains small enough to be confronted with the shell model. This band thus provides an ideal case to study the microscopic structure of collective rotational motion.
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| 32. |
- Vandaele, Ann Carine, et al.
(författare)
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Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H2O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer. - 1476-4687 .- 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 568:7753, s. 521-525
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Global dust storms on Mars are rare1,2 but can affect the Martian atmosphere for several months. They can cause changes in atmospheric dynamics and inflation of the atmosphere3, primarily owing to solar heating of the dust3. In turn, changes in atmospheric dynamics can affect the distribution of atmospheric water vapour, with potential implications for the atmospheric photochemistry and climate on Mars4. Recent observations of the water vapour abundance in the Martian atmosphere during dust storm conditions revealed a high-altitude increase in atmospheric water vapour that was more pronounced at high northern latitudes5,6, as well as a decrease in the water column at low latitudes7,8. Here we present concurrent, high-resolution measurements of dust, water and semiheavy water (HDO) at the onset of a global dust storm, obtained by the NOMAD and ACS instruments onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. We report the vertical distribution of the HDO/H2O ratio (D/H) from the planetary boundary layer up to an altitude of 80 kilometres. Our findings suggest that before the onset of the dust storm, HDO abundances were reduced to levels below detectability at altitudes above 40 kilometres. This decrease in HDO coincided with the presence of water-ice clouds. During the storm, an increase in the abundance of H2O and HDO was observed at altitudes between 40 and 80 kilometres. We propose that these increased abundances may be the result of warmer temperatures during the dust storm causing stronger atmospheric circulation and preventing ice cloud formation, which may confine water vapour to lower altitudes through gravitational fall and subsequent sublimation of ice crystals3. The observed changes in H2O and HDO abundance occurred within a few days during the development of the dust storm, suggesting a fast impact of dust storms on the Martian atmosphere.
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| 33. |
- Chiara, C. J., et al.
(författare)
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Probing sd-fp Cross-shell Interactions via Terminating Configurations in 42Sc,43Sc
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 75:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental study of the lower fp-shell nuclei Sc-42,Sc-43 was performed via alpha pn and alpha p evaporation, respectively, from Ne-20 + Si-28 and Mg-24 + Mg-24 fusion-evaporation reactions. The experiments were conducted with the Gammasphere and Microball detector arrays. The level schemes of both nuclei have been extended considerably. Terminating states associated with the f(7/2)(n) and d(3/2)(-1)f(7/2)(n+1) configurations were identified in each nuclide and incorporated into detailed comparisons with neighboring nuclei and with shell model calculations. The energy differences between the terminating states provide a test of the sd-fp cross-shell interactions in these calculations.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Ideguchi, E., et al.
(författare)
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Superdeformation in the Doubly Magic Nucleus 40Ca
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 87:22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rotational band with seven gamma -ray transitions between states with spin 2 (h) over bar and 16 (h) over bar has been observed in the doubly magic, self-conjugate nucleus Ca-40(20)20. The measured transition quadrupole moment of 1.80(-0.29)(+0.39)eb indicates a superdeformed shape with a deformation beta (2) = 0.59(-0.07)(+0.11). The features of this band are explained by cranked relativistic mean field calculations to arise from an 8-particle 8-hole excitation.
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| 36. |
- Mullins, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Strong population of a superdeformed band in Eu142
- 1995
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 0556-2813. ; 52:1, s. 99-103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A superdeformed band has been found in Eu142. It is populated with 1.2(2)% of the total -ray intensity that decayed into Eu142 via the reaction Sn120(27Al,5n)142Eu at 152 MeV. The strength of the band is similar to that previously reported in Eu143, where the superdeformed band is populated with an intensity of 1.1(1)%. This is unexpected, since both total Routhian surface (TRS) and cranked modified oscillator (MO) calculations predict that the superdeformed band in Eu143 becomes yrast at lower spin than that in Eu142. This difference is 4Latin small letter h with stroke in the MO calculations and 8Latin small letter h with stroke in the TRS. Extrapolation of the normal-deformed yrast states in Eu143 shows, however, that a difference of 8Latin small letter h with stroke in spin corresponds to a change in the relative energy of the superdeformed and normal-deformed yrast lines of only 1 MeV.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Faria, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Advances in Ecological Speciation: an integrative approach
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083. ; 23:3, s. 513-521
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of natural selection in promoting reproductive isolation has received substantial renewed interest within the last two decades. As a consequence, the study of ecological speciation has become an extremely productive research area in modern evolutionary biology. Recent innovations in sequencing technologies offer an unprecedented opportunity to study the mechanisms involved in ecological speciation. Genome scans provide significant insights but have some important limitations; efforts are needed to integrate them with other approaches to make full use of the sequencing data deluge. An international conference Advances in Ecological Speciation' organized by the University of Porto (Portugal) aimed to review current progress in ecological speciation. Using some of the examples presented at the conference, we highlight the benefits of integrating ecological and genomic data and discuss different mechanisms of parallel evolution. Finally, future avenues of research are suggested to advance our knowledge concerning the role of natural selection in the establishment of reproductive isolation during ecological speciation.
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| 39. |
- Galindo, F. J., et al.
(författare)
-
European TWSTFT calibration campaign 2014 of UTC(k) laboratories in the frame of Galileo FOC TGVF
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting (PTTI 2016). - : Institute of Navigation. - 0936406186 ; , s. 243-257
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During 2014 (June 5th to August 17th), a campaign intended for the calibration of the time transfer links at the nanosecond uncertainty level established via Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT) between the Galileo Precise Timing Facilities PTF1 and PTF2, and five UTC(k) laboratories associated to the Galileo Full Operational Capability Time and Geodetic Validation Facility (hereinafter referred to as UTC(k)labs) was performed across Europe. This calibration exercise was performed coinciding with the deployment and operations ("FOC") phase of the Galileo Program, according to the Time Validation Facility (TVF) Statement of Work, issued by the TVF industrial prime GMV, Tres Cantos, Spain. In their statements of work, all UTC(k) agreed to participate in the necessary calibration campaigns. The calibration involved a travelling TWSTFT station subcontracted to TimeTech, GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany. This paper presents part of the results, specifically those calibration results for links between these involved UTC(k) laboratories: INRIM, OP, PTB, ROA, SP. As a result of the visit of five UTC(k) laboratories (besides the two Galileo Control Centers, and the fixed station at TimeTech), after about 10000 km of distance travelled, and 600 hours of effective measurement, the calibration report includes the results of 10 time links using the site method. This paper also includes the calibration results for links between the laboratories previously mentioned and USNO (in total 4 links) using the triangle closure analysis method. For theses links new CALR values were provided, based on the triangles UTC(k)labs - PTB and PTB - USNO (calibration by means of the USNO portable X-band TWSTFT station, in June 2014), respectively. The final report of this calibration campaign has been used as an example (Annex I) of the 'TWSTFT Calibration Guidelines for the UTC Time Links (v3.0)' (available on BIPM website, open area of CCTF WG on TWSTFT). The TGVF contract is being carried out under a programme of and funded by the European Union, and managed by ESA. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union and/or ESA.
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| 40. |
- Galindo, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic and morphological divergence between Littorina fabalis ecotypes in Northern Europe
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : Wiley. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 34:1, s. 97-113
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low dispersal marine intertidal species facing strong divergent selective pressures associated with steep environmental gradients have a great potential to inform us about local adaptation and reproductive isolation. Among these, gastropods of the genus Littorina offer a unique system to study parallel phenotypic divergence resulting from adaptation to different habitats related with wave exposure. In this study, we focused on two Littorina fabalis ecotypes from Northern European shores and compared patterns of habitat-related phenotypic and genetic divergence across three different geographic levels (local, regional and global). Geometric morphometric analyses revealed that individuals from habitats moderately exposed to waves usually present a larger shell size with a wider aperture than those from sheltered habitats. The phenotypic clustering of L. fabalis by habitat across most locations (mainly in terms of shell size) support an important role of ecology in morphological divergence. A genome scan based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) revealed a heterogeneous pattern of differentiation across the genome between populations from the two different habitats, suggesting ecotype divergence in the presence of gene flow. The contrasting patterns of genetic structure between nonoutlier and outlier loci, and the decreased sharing of outlier loci with geographic distance among locations are compatible with parallel evolution of phenotypic divergence, with an important contribution of gene flow and/or ancestral variation. In the future, model-based inference studies based on sequence data across the entire genome will help unravelling these evolutionary hypotheses, improving our knowledge about adaptation and its influence on diversification within the marine realm.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Herrera, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Endothelial cell activation on 3D-matrices derived from PDGF-BB-stimulated fibroblasts is mediated by Snail1
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Oncogenesis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2157-9024. ; 7:9, s. 76-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carcinomas, such as colon cancer, initiate their invasion by rescuing the innate plasticity of both epithelial cells and stromal cells. Although Snail is a transcriptional factor involved in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, in recent years, many studies have also identified the major role of Snail in the activation of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast (CAF) cells and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. In CAFs, Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor signaling is a major functional determinant. High expression of both SNAI1 and PDGF receptors is associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients, but the mechanism(s) that underlie these connections are not understood. In this study, we demonstrate that PDGF-activated fibroblasts stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) fiber remodeling and deposition. Furthermore, we describe how SNAI1, through the FAK pathway, is a necessary factor for ECM fiber organization. The parallel-oriented fibers are used by endothelial cells as “tracks”, facilitating their activation and the creation of tubular structures mimicking in vivo capillary formation. Accordingly, Snail1 expression in fibroblasts was required for the co-adjuvant effect of these cells on matrix remodeling and neoangiogenesis when co-xenografted in nude mice. Finally, in tumor samples from colorectal cancer patients a direct association between stromal SNAI1 expression and the endothelial marker CD34 was observed. In summary, our results advance the understanding of PDGF/SNAI1-activated CAFs in matrix remodeling and angiogenesis stimulation.
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| 43. |
- Petrache, C. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Stable triaxiality at the highest spins in 138Nd and 139Nd
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813. ; 61:1, s. 113051-113055
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nuclei 138Nd and 139Nd have been studied at very high spins via the 48Ca+94Zr reaction. Several new rotational bands were observed, four in 138Nd and two in 139Nd. The J(2) moments of inertia calculated from the observed γ-ray energies are very small and almost constant, indicating that these bands are triaxial. Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations reproduce the general behavior of the bands, supporting this interpretation and suggesting an approximately constant γ value of ∼ + 35° over a large spin range up to the highest observed spins. These bands and a few similar bands in other nuclei of the N≈80 region are a unique example of almost undisturbed triaxial bands.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Ramirez, J. J., et al.
(författare)
-
A systems approach evaluation of sludge management strategies : sludge management in Valparaiso and Aconcagua, Chile
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 46:05-apr, s. 381-387
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the 5th Region, located in central Chile, infrastructure projects are being implemented in order to increase the capacity to treat and dispose of sewage. In order to analyse the sludge management alternatives the ORWARE model was used. The research project was divided in two stages: in the first stage, the sewage and sludge management strategies to be compared as well as the objectives were established. The management alternatives chosen were for chemical or biological treatment of sewage while for sludge the management alternatives were based on digestion, composting or lime stabilisation. The second stage included simulation and analysis of results. The main conclusions of the work were: if lowest possible emissions is the main objective of sewage treatment, biological treatment should be applied. Regarding pathogen reduction, both chemical precipitation and biological treatment attain an adequate reduction if the treated sewage is to be discharged to the sea. On the other hand, additional disinfection is needed in the case of discharge to rivers. Control at source should be stressed to avoid heavy metals and toxic organic compounds in the sludge.
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| 46. |
- Callen, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 27:8, s. 1385-1394
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Widespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving sufficient immunization coverage to end the global pandemic, yet few studies have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries, where large-scale vaccination is just beginning. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 survey samples covering 10 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America, Russia (an upper-middle-income country) and the United States, including a total of 44,260 individuals. We find considerably higher willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine in our LMIC samples (mean 80.3%; median 78%; range 30.1 percentage points) compared with the United States (mean 64.6%) and Russia (mean 30.4%). Vaccine acceptance in LMICs is primarily explained by an interest in personal protection against COVID-19, while concern about side effects is the most common reason for hesitancy. Health workers are the most trusted sources of guidance about COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from this sample of LMICs suggests that prioritizing vaccine distribution to the Global South should yield high returns in advancing global immunization coverage. Vaccination campaigns should focus on translating the high levels of stated acceptance into actual uptake. Messages highlighting vaccine efficacy and safety, delivered by healthcare workers, could be effective for addressing any remaining hesitancy in the analyzed LMICs. © 2021, The Author(s).
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| 47. |
- Endrino, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Oxidation post-treatment of hard AlTiN coating for machining of hardened steels
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 204:3, s. 256-262
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, cemented carbide ball nose end mills with nano-crystalline Al0.67Ti0.33N hard PVD coatings deposited by cathodic arc evaporation were annealed at 700 degrees C during 2 h in a controlled atmosphere environment (argon+oxygen mixture) and in vacuum. The changes of structure and properties of the treated coating surfaces have been analyzed using both cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the N-K and O-K edges. Cutting tools have been run through ball nose end milling of hardened H13 steel (HRC 50) where temperature or stress dominating phenomena control tool life. The data obtained indicate that an AlTiN coated cutting tool can be modified upon annealing at low temperature conditions and should be considered as a composite surface engineered material. It is shown that increased tool life could be achieved if annealing of AlTiN is performed in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. A variety of different characteristics should be optimized to achieve better wear resistance of the cutting tools with annealed Al0.67Ti0.33N coating under high temperature and stress cutting conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 48. |
- Figueiredo, Nuno M., et al.
(författare)
-
Optical properties and refractive index sensitivity of reactive sputtered oxide coatings with embedded Au clusters
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 115:6, s. 063512-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in two different oxides, TiO2 and Al2O3, were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The depositions were carried out in three steps, by depositing the oxide, the Au clusters, and again the oxide. The deposition time of the Au clusters was varied in order to achieve different cluster sizes, morphologies, and nanocomposite topographies. The structure, microstructure, morphology, and the optical properties of the coatings were studied. With the increase in Au content, red-shifted surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks with higher intensity and increased widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology and due to interparticle effects. In order to relate the peculiar SPR extinction bands with the different clusters shapes and distributions, a simulation of the optical properties of the nanocomposites was performed making use of the Renormalized Maxwell-Garnett approach. A theoretical study concerning the refractive index sensitivity was made in order to predict the optimal coatings parameters for sensing experiments. The increased surface area and the strong SPR extinction bands make these coatings suitable for gas sensing and also catalysis, albeit many other application fields can be envisaged.
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| 49. |
- Giannobile, W. V., et al.
(författare)
-
Biological factors involved in alveolar bone regeneration Consensus report of Working Group 1 of the 15(th) European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 46, s. 6-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims To describe the biology of alveolar bone regeneration. Material and Methods Four comprehensive reviews were performed on (a) mesenchymal cells and differentiation factors leading to bone formation; (b) the critical interplay between bone resorbing and formative cells; (c) the role of osteoimmunology in the formation and maintenance of alveolar bone; and (d) the self-regenerative capacity following bone injury or tooth extraction were prepared prior to the workshop. Results and Conclusions This summary information adds to the fuller understanding of the alveolar bone regenerative response with implications to reconstructive procedures for patient oral rehabilitation. The group collectively formulated and addressed critical questions based on each of the reviews in this consensus report to advance the field. The report concludes with identified areas of future research.
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| 50. |
- Jackson, B., et al.
(författare)
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A Genome Scan and Linkage Disequilibrium Analysis among Chromosomal Races of the Australian Grasshopper Vandiemenella viatica
- 2012
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:10, s. e47549-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past decade the interest surrounding the role of recombination in speciation has been re-kindled by a new generation of chromosomal speciation models that invoke the recombination-suppression properties of some types of chromosomal rearrangement. A common prediction of recombination-suppression models is that gene exchange between diverging populations will be more restricted in regions of the genome that experience low recombination. We carried out a genome scan of three chromosomal races of the grasshopper Vandiemenella viatica (Orthoptera: Morabinae), occurring on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, using 1517 AFLP loci, with a view to elucidating the roles that selection and chromosomal variation have played in the formation of these taxa. An analysis of molecular variance demonstrated that chromosomal race accounted for a significant proportion of the genetic variance in the total dataset, which concurred with the findings of an earlier study. Sampling across one previously-identified hybrid zone, and the identification of outlier loci between parental races allowed us to establish that, in admixed populations, outlier loci which potentially pre-date the isolation of populations of races on Kangaroo Island exhibit higher levels of linkage disequilibrium with each other than putatively neutral loci. In turn this suggests that they might reside within genomic regions of low recombination, or be closely linked with each other.
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