| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 4. |
-
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 58:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Bombarda, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Runaway electron beam control
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 61:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 7. |
- Krasilnikov, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Evidence of 9 Be + p nuclear reactions during 2ω CH and hydrogen minority ICRH in JET-ILW hydrogen and deuterium plasmas
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 58:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intensity of 9Be + p nuclear fusion reactions was experimentally studied during second harmonic (2ω CH) ion-cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) and further analyzed during fundamental hydrogen minority ICRH of JET-ILW hydrogen and deuterium plasmas. In relatively low-density plasmas with a high ICRH power, a population of fast H+ ions was created and measured by neutral particle analyzers. Primary and secondary nuclear reaction products, due to 9Be + p interaction, were observed with fast ion loss detectors, γ-ray spectrometers and neutron flux monitors and spectrometers. The possibility of using 9Be(p, d)2α and 9Be(p, α)6Li nuclear reactions to create a population of fast alpha particles and study their behaviour in non-active stage of ITER operation is discussed in the paper.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Joffrin, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium-tritium operation with the ITER like-wall
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:11
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamela et al 2007 Fusion Eng. Des. 82 590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D-T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D-T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D-T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D-T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D-T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D-T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the three-ions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfven eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems...) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D-T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D-T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Murari, A., et al.
(författare)
-
A control oriented strategy of disruption prediction to avoid the configuration collapse of tokamak reactors
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 15:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of thermonuclear fusion consists of producing electricity from the coalescence of light nuclei in high temperature plasmas. The most promising route to fusion envisages the confinement of such plasmas with magnetic fields, whose most studied configuration is the tokamak. Disruptions are catastrophic collapses affecting all tokamak devices and one of the main potential showstoppers on the route to a commercial reactor. In this work we report how, deploying innovative analysis methods on thousands of JET experiments covering the isotopic compositions from hydrogen to full tritium and including the major D-T campaign, the nature of the various forms of collapse is investigated in all phases of the discharges. An original approach to proximity detection has been developed, which allows determining both the probability of and the time interval remaining before an incoming disruption, with adaptive, from scratch, real time compatible techniques. The results indicate that physics based prediction and control tools can be developed, to deploy realistic strategies of disruption avoidance and prevention, meeting the requirements of the next generation of devices.
|
|
| 30. |
-
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 58:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 31. |
- Gero, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Defining Global Benchmarks in Bariatric Surgery A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis of Minimally Invasive Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Annals of Surgery. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0003-4932 .- 1528-1140. ; 270:5, s. 859-867
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To define "best possible'' outcomes for bariatric surgery (BS)(Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB] and sleeve gastrectomy [SG]). Background: Reference values for optimal surgical outcomes in welldefined low-risk bariatric patients have not been established so far. Consequently, outcome comparison across centers and over time is impeded by heterogeneity in case-mix. Methods: Out of 39,424 elective BS performed in 19 high-volume academic centers from 3 continents between June 2012 and May 2017, we identified 4120 RYGB and 1457 SG low-risk cases defined by absence of previous abdominal surgery, concomitant procedures, diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, cardiopathy, renal insufficiency, inflammatory bowel disease, immunosuppression, anticoagulation, BMI>50 kg/m(2) and age>65 years. We chose clinically relevant endpoints covering the intra- and postoperative course. Complications were graded by severity using the comprehensive complication index. Benchmark values were defined as the 75th percentile of the participating centers' median values for respective quality indicators. Results: Patients were mainly females (78%), aged 38+/-11 years, with a baseline BMI 40.8 +/- 5.8 kg/m(2). Over 90 days, 7.2% of RYGB and 6.2% of SG patients presented at least 1 complication and no patients died (mortality in nonbenchmark cases: 0.06%). The most frequent reasons for readmission after 90-days following both procedures were symptomatic cholelithiasis and abdominal pain of unknown origin. Benchmark values for both RYGB and SG at 90-days postoperatively were 5.5% Clavien-Dindo grade >= IIIa complication rate, 5.5% readmission rate, and comprehensive complication index <= 33.73 in the subgroup of patients presenting at least 1 grade >= II complication. Conclusion: Benchmark cutoffs targeting perioperative outcomes in BS offer a new tool in surgical quality-metrics and may be implemented in qualityimprovement cycle. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03440138
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Bolam, Kate A, et al.
(författare)
-
The relationship between BPAQ-derived physical activity and bone density of middle-aged and older men
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 25:11, s. 2663-2668
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ) accounts for activities that affect bone but has not been used in studies with older adults. Relationships exist between the BPAQ-derived physical activity and bone density in healthy middle-aged and older men but not men with prostate cancer. Disease-related treatments detrimental to bone should be considered when administering the BPAQ.INTRODUCTION:The bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ) was developed to account for bone-specific loading. In this retrospective study, we examined the relationship between BPAQ-derived physical activity and bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged and older men with and without prostate cancer.METHODS:Two groups, 36 healthy men and 69 men with prostate cancer receiving androgen suppression therapy (AST), completed the BPAQ and had whole body, total hip, femoral (FN) and lumbar spine BMD assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.RESULTS:Past (pBPAQ), current (cBPAQ) and total BPAQ (tBPAQ) scores for the healthy men were related to FN BMD (pBPAQ r = 0.36, p = 0.030; cBPAQ r s = 0.35, p = 0.034; tBPAQ r = 0.41, p = 0.014), and pBPAQ and tBPAQ were related to total hip (r s = 0.35, p = 0.035 and r s = 0.36, p = 0.029, respectively) and whole body BMD (r s = 0.44, p = 0.007 and r s = 0.45, p = 0.006, respectively). In men with prostate cancer, the BPAQ was not significantly associated with BMD. In stepwise regression analyses, body mass and tBPAQ predicted 30 % of the variance in total hip BMD (p = 0.003), cBPAQ predicted 14 % of the variance in FN BMD (p = 0.002), and body mass, age and tBPAQ predicted 47% of the variance in whole body BMD (p < 0.001) in healthy men. In men with prostate cancer, the BPAQ was not an independent predictor of BMD.CONCLUSIONS:Although BPAQ-derived estimates of physical activity are related to bone status in healthy middle-aged and older men, the adverse effect of AST on bone appears to obscure this relationship in men with prostate cancer.
|
|
| 34. |
- Sterner, Thomas, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
STATEMENT OF THE LANCET COVID-19 COMMISSION TASK FORCE ON GREEN RECOVERY Transforming Recovery into a Green Future
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SUMMARY OF KEY MESSAGES This statement, prepared by the Task Force on Green Recovery of the Lancet COVID-19 Commission provides some initial reflections on key priorities to support a green, fair and resilient recovery from COVID-19. At this stage, the Task Force on Green Recovery emphasizes six key messages: 1. Recovery packages across the world should finance the transformations needed for a green, digital and fair future. A “green” fiscal expansion is more growth-enhancing compared to investing in a “return-to-normal,” and it builds a sustainable and resilient future for the current and next generations. 2. Recent commitments to achieve net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by around mid-century in Europe, China and other major economies can provide the needed momentum for deep transformations of economies and societies. 3. Environmental, social and governance (ESG)-based and sustainability investing strategies now account for over one-third of global Assets Under Management (AUM) and are likely to be a majority of global assets in the coming years. This fundamentally changes the direction of global capital flows. The recovery should build on this momentum. 4. Yet, so far, financial resources devoted to and commitments made for post COVID-19 recovery are largely insufficient for a green recovery, including in most G20 countries. One exception is the European Union (EU) where the European Green Deal (EGD) provides strong ambition and where efforts have been made to align investments framework for a green recovery. Yet, the effective implementation of the plan remains to be seen. 5. Low-income countries (LICs) and some emerging markets (EMs) urgently need support to address the immediate consequences of the pandemic but also to build back more sustainable, inclusive and resilient. 6. Ensuring a successful biodiversity COP in Kunming, a climate COP in Glasgow and the World Food Summit in Copenhagen is essential for coordinated global governance actions on climate and biodiversity. Combined with other annual meetings (UNGA, G20, HLPF etc.) these can make 2021 the “super year for nature and climate” and can set the foundation for long-term international cooperation on the environment. The final report of the Lancet COVID-19 Commission is scheduled for the end of 2021.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Bolam, Kate A, et al.
(författare)
-
The Osteogenic Effect of Impact-Loading and Resistance Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Older Men : A Pilot Study.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 62:1, s. 22-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Regular exercise has been recommended as a potential strategy to counteract the age-related bone loss experienced by men; however, the optimal exercise prescription is not known.OBJECTIVE: To perform a pilot study to examine the osteogenic effect, safety and feasibility of a combined program of upper body resistance exercise and two doses of impact-loading exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) of middle-aged and older men.METHODS: Forty-two community-dwelling men aged 50-74 years were randomly assigned to either an exercise program of combined upper body resistance exercise and either high-dose impact-loading (HI; 80 jumps per session) or moderate-dose impact-loading (MOD; 40 jumps per session) or a control (CON) group. The 9-month intervention involved 4 sessions each week: 2 supervised clinic-based and 2 home-based. BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, trochanter and whole body as well as lean and fat mass were assessed at baseline and 9 months by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone turnover markers, hormone levels, physical function and muscle strength were also assessed.RESULTS: Following 9 months of training, significant differences in BMD among groups were found at the total hip (p = 0.010) and trochanter (p = 0.047) with BMD in the MOD group decreasing relative to the HI group. Although not significant, the HI group consistently preserved BMD, whereas BMD of the MOD and CON groups declined at the hip sites. Mean change for all groups at all skeletal sites was approximately within ±1%. There was no change in bone turnover markers. There were no adverse events as a result of the intervention; however, overall attendance for the HI and MOD groups was 53% (clinic: 68%, home: 38%) and 65% (clinic: 74%, home: 55%), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that while impact-loading exercise can be safely undertaken in middle-aged and older men, the current combined program did not elicit significant improvements in BMD. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
|
|
| 37. |
- Chakravarty, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Zirconia-Nanoparticle-Reinforced Morphology-Engineered Graphene-Based Foams
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648. ; 27:31, s. 4534-4543
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphology of graphene-based foams can be engineered by reinforcing them with nanocrystalline zirconia, thus improving their oil-adsorption capacity; This can be observed experimentally and explained theoretically. Low zirconia fractions yield flaky microstructures where zirconia nanoparticles arrest propagating cracks. Higher zirconia concentrations possess a mesh-like interconnected structure where the degree of coiling is dependant on the local zirconia content. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
|
|
| 38. |
- Cohen, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Role of proximal gut exclusion from food on glucose homeostasis in patients with Type 2 diabetes
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 30, s. 1482-1486
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To report Type 2 diabetes-related outcomes after the implantation of a duodenal-jejunal bypass liner device and to investigate the role of proximal gut exclusion from food in glucose homeostasis using the model of this device. Methods: Sixteen patients with Type 2 diabetes and BMI <36kg/m2 were evaluated before and 1, 12 and 52weeks after duodenal-jejunal bypass liner implantation and 26weeks after explantation. Mixed-meal tolerance tests were conducted over a period of 120min and glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels were measured. The Matsuda index and the homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance were used for the estimation of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance. The insulin secretion rate was calculated using deconvolution of C-peptide levels. Results: Body weight decreased by 1.3kg after 1week and by 2.4kg after 52weeks (P<0.001). One year after duodenal-jejunal bypass liner implantation, the mean (sem) HbA1c level decreased from 71.3 (2.4) mmol/mol (8.6[0.2]%) to 58.1 (4.4) mmol/mol (7.5 [0.4]%) and mean (sem) fasting glucose levels decreased from 203.3 (13.5) mg/dl to 155.1 (13.1) mg/dl (both P<0.001). Insulin sensitivity improved by >50% as early as 1week after implantation as measured by the Matsuda index and the homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance (P<0.001), but there was a trend towards deterioration in all the above-mentioned variables 26weeks after explantation. Fasting insulin levels, insulin area under the curve, fasting C-peptide, C-peptide area under the curve, fasting insulin and total insulin secretion rates did not change during the duodenal-jejunal bypass liner implantation period or after explantation. Conclusions: The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner improves glycaemia in overweight and obese patients with Type 2 diabetes by rapidly improving insulin sensitivity. A reduction in hepatic glucose output is the most likely explanation for this improvement. Diabetic Medicine © 2013 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine © 2013 Diabetes UK.
|
|
| 39. |
- de Oliveira Galvão, Marcos Felipe, et al.
(författare)
-
DNA damage signaling and genotoxic effects induced by complex mixtures of PAHs generated by biomass burning air particulate matter in human lung cells
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Toxicology Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4274 .- 1879-3169. ; 314:SI, s. S132-S133
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most research concerning the effects of air pollutants on human health focuses on urban centers and on the role of vehicular and industrial emissions as major sources of pollution. However, approximately 3 billion people world-wide are exposed to air pollution from biomass burning [1]. Herein, particulate matter (PM) emitted from artisanal cashew nut roasting, an important economic and social activity worldwide [2,3], was investigated. This study focused on: i) chemical characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxy-PAH derivatives; ii) time-dependent activation of DNA damage signaling and genotoxic effects, and iii) differential expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, inflammation, cell cycle arrest and DNA repair using A549 lung cells. Among the PAHs, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benz[a]anthracene showed the highest concentrations (7.8-10 ng/m3), while among oxy-PAHs, benzanthrone and 9,10-anthraquinone were the most abundant. Testing of PM extracts was based on B[a]P equivalent doses (B[a]Peq). IC50 values for viability was 5.7 and 3.0 nM B[a]Peq at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Based on this, all other experiments were conducted at doses up to 2 nM B[a]Peq. At these low doses, we observed a dose-dependent activation of DNA damage signaling (phosphorylation of Chk1) and genotoxicity (double strand breaks). In comparison, effects of B[a]P alone was observed at micromolar range. To our knowledge, no other study has demonstrated an activation of pChk1, a biomarker used to estimate the carcinogenic potency of PAHs in vitro [4], in lung cells exposed to biomass burning extracts. Persistent increased gene expression of several important stress response mediators of xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A1, CYP1B1), inflammation (IL-8, TNF-α), cell cycle arrest (CDKN1A), and DNA repair (DDB2) was also identified. In conclusion, our data show high potency of biomass burning PM to induce cellular stress including genotoxicity, and more potently so when compared to B[a]P alone. Our study provides new data that will help elucidate the mechanism of lung cancer development associated with biomass burning. In addition, the results of this study support the establishment of new guidelines for human health protection in regions strongly impacted by biomass burning.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Guimaraes, Drielle D., et al.
(författare)
-
Dietary Nitrate Reduces Blood Pressure in Rats With Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension via Mechanisms That Involve Reduction of Sympathetic Hyperactivity
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 73:4, s. 839-848
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several experimental and clinical studies have shown that dietary nitrate supplementation can increase nitric oxide bioavailability. In the oral cavity, commensal bacteria reduce nitrate to nitrite, which is subsequently absorbed into the circulation where reduction to nitric oxide by enzymatic systems occur. Although it is well-known that boosting the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway can improve cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic functions and that sympathoexcitation contributes to the development of the same disorders, the potential effects of dietary nitrate on sympathetic activity remain to be elucidated. In this study, we hypothesized that treatment with inorganic nitrate could prevent the increase in sympathetic nerve activity in an experimental model of Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension. Multiple in vivo approaches were combined, that is, Wistar rats orally treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 0.5 g/L) and implanted with subcutaneous osmotic minipump for continuous delivery of Ang II (120 ng/kg per minute; 14 days). Simultaneously, rats were supplemented with sodium nitrate (10 mmol/L) or placebo (sodium chloride; 10 mmol/L) in the drinking water. Blood pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity were recorded. In placebo-treated rats, Ang II+ L-NAME treatment-induced arterial hypertension, which was linked with reduced spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and increased renal sympathetic nerve activity, as well as upregulation of AT 1 Rs (Ang II type-1 receptors) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Supplementation with nitrate normalized the expression of AT 1 Rs in rostral ventrolateral medulla and reduced sympathetic nerve activity, which was associated with attenuated development of hypertension. In conclusion, chronic dietary nitrate supplementation blunted the development of hypertension via mechanisms that involve reduction of sympathetic outflow.
|
|
| 42. |
- Newton, Robert U, et al.
(författare)
-
Exercise Mode Specificity for Preserving Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density in Prostate Cancer Patients.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 51:4, s. 607-614
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with an array of adverse effects, including reduced bone mineral density (BMD) predisposing patients to increased fracture risk. Our purpose was to examine the effects of targeted exercise modes on BMD in men with PCa undergoing ADT.METHODS: Between 2009 and 2012, 154 PCa patients 43-90 yr old on ADT were randomized to exercise targeting the musculoskeletal system (impact loading + resistance training [ImpRes], n = 57) supervised for 12 months, cardiovascular and muscular systems (aerobic + resistance training, n = 50) supervised for 6 months followed by a 6-month home-based program, or delayed aerobic exercise (DelAer, n = 47) received exercise information for 6 months followed by 6 months of supervised aerobic exercise (stationary cycling). End points were lumbar spine, hip and whole-body BMD measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry with secondary end points of lean and fat mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and neuromuscular strength. ANOVA was used to compare the exercise groups with DelAer at 6 and 12 months.RESULTS: There was a between-group difference in BMD for ImpRes and DelAer at the spine (6 months, P = 0.039; 12 months, P = 0.035) and femoral neck (6 months, P = 0.050), with decline attenuated in ImpRes (~-1.0% vs ~-2.0%). Compared with DelAer, ImpRes increased appendicular skeletal muscle at 6 months (0.3 kg, P = 0.045) and improved muscle strength at 6 and 12 months (P ≤ 0.012) by 9%-34%. A limitation was inclusion of well-functioning patients.CONCLUSION: Combined impact loading and resistance exercise attenuates bone loss at the spine and enhances overall musculoskeletal function in PCa patients undergoing ADT.
|
|
| 43. |
- Persson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
Phylogenetic analyses and expression studies reveal two distinct groups of calreticulin isoforms in higher plants.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1532-2548 .- 0032-0889. ; 133:3, s. 1385-1396
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional protein mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells. Here, we present the first analysis, to our knowledge, of evolutionary diversity and expression profiling among different plant CRT isoforms. Phylogenetic studies and expression analysis show that higher plants contain two distinct groups of CRTs: a CRT1/CRT2 group and a CRT3 group. To corroborate the existence of these isoform groups, we cloned a putative CRT3 ortholog from Brassica rapa. The CRT3 gene appears to be most closely related to the ancestral CRT gene in higher plants. Distinct tissue-dependent expression patterns and stress-related regulation were observed for the isoform groups. Furthermore, analysis of posttranslational modifications revealed differences in the glycosylation status among members within the CRT1/CRT2 isoform group. Based on evolutionary relationship, a new nomenclature for plant CRTs is suggested. The presence of two distinct CRT isoform groups, with distinct expression patterns and posttranslational modifications, supports functional specificity among plant CRTs and could account for the multiple functional roles assigned to CRTs.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Severo, J. H. F., et al.
(författare)
-
Error analysis in the electron temperature measurements in TCABR
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 370:1, s. 012045-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An analytical method is proposed to evaluate the experimental uncertainty in the electron temperature measurements in the TCABR tokamak. Solving the integral equation resulting from the convolution of two functions, one representing, the scattered light and the other the spectral apparatus function, i.e., the polychromator, an analytical expression for the electron temperature is obtained, from which the uncertainty in the measured value is readily evaluated. The results show that the major contribution to the error comes from the noise in the signal; the uncertainties in the filters parameters do not contribute significantly to the total error.
|
|
| 46. |
- Severo, J. H. F., et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation of rotation at the plasma edge in TCABR
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 55:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes experimental results from recent studies on intrinsic rotation at the plasma edge of the TCABR tokamak. These results were obtained after upgrading the number of channels of the rotation diagnostic to three. The measurements were carried out in the collisional (Pfirsch-Schluter) regime and the rotation profiles of the ions were obtained from the Doppler shifts of the impurity carbon lines, CIII (464.74 nm), and CVI (529.06 nm). Results on the correlation between toroidal rotation at the plasma edge and direction of gas injection are also presented. They indicate that the direction of gas injection has a small effect on rotation; the velocity of the background neutral hydrogen is affected by direct momentum transfer from the injected gas (also hydrogen), while the carbon ions' velocity is affected by inward radial friction force between the injected gas atoms and ions, increasing their velocity in the opposite sense of the plasma current.
|
|
| 47. |
- Severo, J. H. F., et al.
(författare)
-
Magnetic islands and plasma rotation in the Tokamak Chauffage Alfven Bresilien tokamak
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Physics of Plasmas. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-664X .- 1089-7674. ; 11:2, s. 846-848
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collisional plasma rotation in the Tokamak Chauffage Alfven Bresilien (TCABR) tokamak [J. H. F. Severo, I. C. Nascimento, V. S. Tsypin, and R. M. O. Galvao, Nucl. Fusion 43, 1047 (2003)] has been experimentally studied. It was found that the measured plasma poloidal rotation velocity agrees within error limits with neoclassical theoretical predictions, and toroidal velocity with experimental results obtained in analogous tokamaks, almost everywhere along the minor radius r, except for measurements at r/asimilar or equal to0.56 and r/asimilar or equal to0.89 (the minor radius of TCABR tokamak a=18 cm). For the first point, the measured plasma rotation velocities are higher than the velocity of the background plasma, respectively similar to30% and similar to10% for the poloidal and toroidal rotation velocities. Using a set of 22 Mirnov coils displaced poloidally, magnetic field perturbations were measured in shots adjusted to reproduce the ones of the previous plasma rotation measurements, and the results confirm that in the region r/asimilar or equal to0.89 the plasma rotates together with the magnetic island (3,1).
|
|
| 48. |
- Severo, J. H. F., et al.
(författare)
-
Neoclassical ion transport in the edge of axially-symmetric arbitrary cross-section tokamak with plasma subsonic toroidal flows
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Brazilian journal of physics. - 0103-9733 .- 1678-4448. ; 32:1, s. 13-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- General metrics of large aspect ratio tokamaks is used in the paper. General expressions for the neoclassical poloidal plasma rotation V-2(theta) and radial ion heat flux Gamma(Ti) are obtained. Their dependence 2 on the squared Mach number alpha = U-zetai(2)/c(5)(2) is analyzed (here U-zetai is the ion toroidal velocity and c(s) is the sound velocity, respectively). Some interesting peculiarities of this dependence are emphasized.
|
|
| 49. |
- Severo, J. H. F., et al.
(författare)
-
Overview of plasma rotation studies on the TCABR tokamak
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 63:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An overview of intrinsic plasma rotation studies in Ohmic L-mode discharges carried out in the Tokamak Chauffage Alfven Bresilien (TCABR) tokamak is presented. Measurements of plasma poloidal and toroidal rotation, and a comparison against neoclassical theory, are presented. The results show that poloidal rotation is in good agreement with neoclassical theory while toroidal rotation is found to be anomalous. A new technique that allows for high temporal resolution measurements of plasma rotation is presented. This technique is used to test two models of intrinsic toroidal rotation: the so-called Helander model (Helander et al 2003 Physics of Plasmas 10 4396) and Rozhansky model (Rozhansky 2013 Perpendicular currents and electric fields in fully and partially ionized magnetized plasma Physics of Plasmas 24 101614). As TCABR is a relatively small device, the influence of the neutrals that form the basis of this model is expected to be enhanced. The results indicate that the mechanism proposed by Helander does not contribute significantly to the intrinsic toroidal rotation in TCABR plasmas. The measurements, however, indicate that the frictional force proposed by Rozhansky might be responsible for part of the intrinsic toroidal rotation observed in TCABR plasmas.
|
|
| 50. |
- Severo, J. H. F., et al.
(författare)
-
Plasma rotation measurement in small tokamaks using an optical spectrometer and a single photomultiplier as detector
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 78:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The method for plasma rotation measurement in the tokamak TCABR is reported in this article. During a discharge, an optical spectrometer is used to scan sequentially spectral lines of plasma impurities and spectral lines of a calibration lamp. Knowing the scanning velocity of the diffraction grating of the spectrometer with adequate precision, the Doppler shifts of impurity lines are determined. The photomultiplier output voltage signals are recorded with adequate sampling rate. With this method the residual poloidal and toroidal plasma rotation velocities were determined, assuming that they are the same as those of the impurity ions. The results show reasonable agreement with the neoclassical theory and with results from similar tokamaks.
|
|
