| 1. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 2. |
- Ederle, Joerg, et al.
(författare)
-
Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial
- 2010
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 375:9719, s. 985-997
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Stents are an alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis, but previous trials have not established equivalent safety and efficacy. We compared the safety of carotid artery stenting with that of carotid endarterectomy. Methods The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) is a multicentre, international, randomised controlled trial with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Patients with recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy. Randomisation was by telephone call or fax to a central computerised service and was stratified by centre with minimisation for sex, age, contralateral occlusion, and side of the randomised artery. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. Patients were followed up by independent clinicians not directly involved in delivering the randomised treatment. The primary outcome measure of the trial is the 3-year rate of fatal or disabling stroke in any territory, which has not been analysed yet. The main outcome measure for the interim safety analysis was the 120-day rate of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction. Analysis was by intention to treat (ITT). This study is registered, number ISRCTN25337470. Findings The trial enrolled 1713 patients (stenting group, n=855; endarterectomy group, n=858). Two patients in the stenting group and one in the endarterectomy group withdrew immediately after randomisation, and were not included in the ITT analysis. Between randomisation and 120 days, there were 34 (Kaplan-Meier estimate 4.0%) events of disabling stroke or death in the stenting group compared with 27 (3.2%) events in the endarterectomy group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 0.77-2.11). The incidence of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction was 8.5% in the stenting group compared with 5.2% in the endarterectomy group (72 vs 44 events; HR 1.69, 1.16-2.45, p=0.006), Risks of any stroke (65 vs 35 events; HR 1.92, 1.27-2.89) and all-cause death (19 vs seven events; HR 2.76, 1.16-6.56) were higher in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group. Three procedural myocardial infarctions were recorded in the stenting group, all of which were fatal, compared with four, all non-fatal, in the endarterectomy group. There was one event of cranial nerve palsy in the stenting group compared with 45 in the endarterectomy group. There were also fewer haematomas of any severity in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group (31 vs 50 events; p=0.0197). Interpretation Completion of long-term follow-up is needed to establish the efficacy of carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy. In the meantime, carotid endarterectomy should remain the treatment of choice for patients suitable for surgery.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Pulit, SL, et al.
(författare)
-
Loci associated with ischaemic stroke and its subtypes (SiGN): a genome-wide association study.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. Neurology. - 1474-4465. ; 15:2, s. 174-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of disease-associated loci through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is the leading genetic approach to the identification of novel biological pathways underlying diseases in humans. Until recently, GWAS in ischaemic stroke have been limited by small sample sizes and have yielded few loci associated with ischaemic stroke. We did a large-scale GWAS to identify additional susceptibility genes for stroke and its subtypes.To identify genetic loci associated with ischaemic stroke, we did a two-stage GWAS. In the first stage, we included 16851 cases with state-of-the-art phenotyping data and 32473 stroke-free controls. Cases were aged 16 to 104 years, recruited between 1989 and 2012, and subtypes of ischaemic stroke were recorded by centrally trained and certified investigators who used the web-based protocol, Causative Classification of Stroke (CCS). We constructed case-control strata by identifying samples that were genotyped on nearly identical arrays and were of similar genetic ancestral background. We cleaned and imputed data by use of dense imputation reference panels generated from whole-genome sequence data. We did genome-wide testing to identify stroke-associated loci within each stratum for each available phenotype, and we combined summary-level results using inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis. In the second stage, we did in-silico lookups of 1372 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified from the first stage GWAS in 20941 cases and 364736 unique stroke-free controls. The ischaemic stroke subtypes of these cases had previously been established with the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification system, in accordance with local standards. Results from the two stages were then jointly analysed in a final meta-analysis.We identified a novel locus (G allele at rs12122341) at 1p13.2 near TSPAN2 that was associated with large artery atherosclerosis-related stroke (first stage odds ratio [OR] 1·21, 95% CI 1·13-1·30, p=4·50×10(-8); joint OR 1·19, 1·12-1·26, p=1·30×10(-9)). Our results also supported robust associations with ischaemic stroke for four other loci that have been reported in previous studies, including PITX2 (first stage OR 1·39, 1·29-1·49, p=3·26×10(-19); joint OR 1·37, 1·30-1·45, p=2·79×10(-32)) and ZFHX3 (first stage OR 1·19, 1·11-1·27, p=2·93×10(-7); joint OR 1·17, 1·11-1·23, p=2·29×10(-10)) for cardioembolic stroke, and HDAC9 (first stage OR 1·29, 1·18-1·42, p=3·50×10(-8); joint OR 1·24, 1·15-1·33, p=4·52×10(-9)) for large artery atherosclerosis stroke. The 12q24 locus near ALDH2, which has previously been associated with all ischaemic stroke but not with any specific subtype, exceeded genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis of small artery stroke (first stage OR 1·20, 1·12-1·28, p=6·82×10(-8); joint OR 1·17, 1·11-1·23, p=2·92×10(-9)). Other loci associated with stroke in previous studies, including NINJ2, were not confirmed.Our results suggest that all ischaemic stroke-related loci previously implicated by GWAS are subtype specific. We identified a novel gene associated with large artery atherosclerosis stroke susceptibility. Follow-up studies will be necessary to establish whether the locus near TSPAN2 can be a target for a novel therapeutic approach to stroke prevention. In view of the subtype-specificity of the associations detected, the rich phenotyping data available in the Stroke Genetics Network (SiGN) are likely to be crucial for further genetic discoveries related to ischaemic stroke.US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health.
|
|
| 6. |
- Valdes-Marquez, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Relative effects of LDL-C on ischemic stroke and coronary disease A Mendelian randomization study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 92:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To examine the causal relevance of lifelong differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for ischemic stroke (IS) relative to that for coronary heart disease (CHD) using a Mendelian randomization approach. We undertook a 2-sample Mendelian randomization, based on summary data, to estimate the causal relevance of LDL-C for risk of IS and CHD. Information from 62 independent genetic variants with genome-wide significant effects on LDL-C levels was used to estimate the causal effects of LDL-C for IS and IS subtypes (based on 12,389 IS cases from METASTROKE) and for CHD (based on 60,801 cases from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D). We then assessed the effects of LDL-C on IS and CHD for heterogeneity. A 1 mmol/L higher genetically determined LDL-C was associated with a 50% higher risk of CHD (odds ratio [OR] 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-1.68, p = 1.1 x 10(-8)). By contrast, the causal effect of LDL-C was much weaker for IS (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.96-1.30, p = 0.14; p for heterogeneity = 2.6 x 10(-3)) and, in particular, for cardioembolic stroke (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.84-1.33, p = 0.64; p for heterogeneity = 8.6 x 10(-3)) when compared with that for CHD. In contrast with the consistent effects of LDL-C-lowering therapies on IS and CHD, genetic variants that confer lifelong LDL-C differences show a weaker effect on IS than on CHD. The relevance of etiologically distinct IS subtypes may contribute to the differences observed.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Malik, Rainer, et al.
(författare)
-
Low-frequency and common genetic variation in ischemic stroke : The METASTROKE collaboration
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 86:13, s. 26-1217
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of common and low-frequency genetic variants on the risk of ischemic stroke (all IS) and etiologic stroke subtypes.METHODS: We meta-analyzed 12 individual genome-wide association studies comprising 10,307 cases and 19,326 controls imputed to the 1000 Genomes (1 KG) phase I reference panel. We selected variants showing the highest degree of association (p < 1E-5) in the discovery phase for replication in Caucasian (13,435 cases and 29,269 controls) and South Asian (2,385 cases and 5,193 controls) samples followed by a transethnic meta-analysis. We further investigated the p value distribution for different bins of allele frequencies for all IS and stroke subtypes.RESULTS: We showed genome-wide significance for 4 loci: ABO for all IS, HDAC9 for large vessel disease (LVD), and both PITX2 and ZFHX3 for cardioembolic stroke (CE). We further refined the association peaks for ABO and PITX2. Analyzing different allele frequency bins, we showed significant enrichment in low-frequency variants (allele frequency <5%) for both LVD and small vessel disease, and an enrichment of higher frequency variants (allele frequency 10% and 30%) for CE (all p < 1E-5).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the missing heritability in IS subtypes can in part be attributed to low-frequency and rare variants. Larger sample sizes are needed to identify the variants associated with all IS and stroke subtypes.
|
|
| 11. |
- Ju, Young Seok, et al.
(författare)
-
Somatic mutations reveal asymmetric cellular dynamics in the early human embryo
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 543:7647, s. 714-718
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Somatic cells acquire mutations throughout the course of an individual's life. Mutations occurring early in embryogenesis are often present in a substantial proportion of, but not all, cells in postnatal humans and thus have particular characteristics and effects. Depending on their location in the genome and the proportion of cells they are present in, these mosaic mutations can cause a wide range of genetic disease syndromes and predispose carriers to cancer. They have a high chance of being transmitted to offspring as de novo germline mutations and, in principle, can provide insights into early human embryonic cell lineages and their contributions to adult tissues. Although it is known that gross chromosomal abnormalities are remarkably common in early human embryos, our understanding of early embryonic somatic mutations is very limited. Here we use whole-genome sequences of normal blood from 241 adults to identify 163 early embryonic mutations. We estimate that approximately three base substitution mutations occur per cell per cell-doubling event in early human embryogenesis and these are mainly attributable to two known mutational signatures. We used the mutations to reconstruct developmental lineages of adult cells and demonstrate that the two daughter cells of many early embryonic cell-doubling events contribute asymmetrically to adult blood at an approximately 2:1 ratio. This study therefore provides insights into the mutation rates, mutational processes and developmental outcomes of cell dynamics that operate during early human embryogenesis.
|
|
| 12. |
- Lynch, S.A., et al.
(författare)
-
Toward silicon-based lasers for terahertz sources
- 2006
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 12:6, s. 1570-1577
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Producing an electrically pumped silicon-based laser at terahertz frequencies is gaining increased attention these days. This paper reviews the recent advances in the search for a silicon-based terahertz laser. Topics covered include resonant tunneling in p-type Si/SiGe, terahertz intersubband electroluminescence from quantum cascade structures, intersubband lifetime measurements in Si/SiGe quantum wells, enhanced optical guiding using buried suicide layers, and the potential for exploiting common impurity dopants in silicon such as boron and phosphorus to realize a terahertz laser. © 2006 IEEE.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Vergaro, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
-
Circulating levels and prognostic cut-offs of sST2, hs-cTnT, and NT-proBNP in women vs. men with chronic heart failure
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ESC Heart Failure. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2055-5822. ; 9:4, s. 2084-2095
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To define plasma concentrations, determinants, and optimal prognostic cut-offs of soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in women and men with chronic heart failure (HF). Methods and results Individual data of patients from the Biomarkers In Heart Failure Outpatient Study (BIOS) Consortium with sST2, hs-cTnT, and NT-proBNP measured were analysed. The primary endpoint was a composite of 1 year cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. The secondary endpoints were 5 year cardiovascular and all-cause death. The cohort included 4540 patients (age 67 +/- 12 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 33 +/- 13%, 1111 women, 25%). Women showed lower sST2 (24 vs. 27 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and hs-cTnT level (15 vs. 20 ng/L, P < 0.001), and similar concentrations of NT-proBNP (1540 vs. 1505 ng/L, P = 0.408). Although the three biomarkers were confirmed as independent predictors of outcome in both sexes, the optimal prognostic cut-off was lower in women for sST2 (28 vs. 31 ng/mL) and hs-cTnT (22 vs. 25 ng/L), while NT-proBNP cut-off was higher in women (2339 ng/L vs. 2145 ng/L). The use of sex-specific cut-offs improved risk prediction compared with the use of previously standardized prognostic cut-offs and allowed to reclassify the risk of many patients, to a greater extent in women than men, and for hs-cTnT than sST2 or NT-proBNP. Specifically, up to 18% men and up to 57% women were reclassified, by using the sex-specific cut-off of hs-cTnT for the endpoint of 5 year cardiovascular death. Conclusions In patients with chronic HF, concentrations of sST2 and hs-cTnT, but not of NT-proBNP, are lower in women. Lower sST2 and hs-cTnT and higher NT-proBNP cut-offs for risk stratification could be used in women.
|
|
| 15. |
- Vergaro, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
-
NT-proBNP for Risk Prediction in Heart Failure : Identification of Optimal Cutoffs Across Body Mass Index Categories
- 2021
-
Ingår i: JACC. Heart failure. - : American College of Cardiology. - 2213-1779 .- 2213-1787. ; 9:9, s. 653-663
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to assess the predictive power of N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and the decision cutoffs in heart failure (HF) across body mass index (BMI) categories.BackgroundConcentrations of NT-proBNP predict outcome in HF. Although the influence of BMI to reduce levels of NT-proBNP is known, the impact of obesity on prognostic value remains uncertain.MethodsIndividual data from the BIOS (Biomarkers In Heart Failure Outpatient Study) consortium were analyzed. Patients with stable HF were classified as underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2), and mildly (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2), moderately (BMI 35-39.9 kg/m2), or severely (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) obese. The prognostic role of NT-proBNP was tested for the endpoints of all-cause and cardiac death.ResultsThe study population included 12,763 patients (mean age 66 ± 12 years; 25% women; mean left ventricular ejection fraction 33% ± 13%). Most patients were overweight (n = 5,176), followed by normal weight (n = 4,299), mildly obese (n = 2,157), moderately obese (n = 612), severely obese (n = 314), and underweight (n = 205). NT-proBNP inversely correlated with BMI (β = –0.174 for 1 kg/m2; P < 0.001). Adding NT-proBNP to clinical models improved risk prediction across BMI categories, with the exception of severely obese patients. The best cutoffs of NT-proBNP for 5-year all-cause death prediction were lower as BMI increased (3,785 ng/L, 2,193 ng/L, 1,554 ng/L, 1,045 ng/L, 755 ng/L, and 879 ng/L, for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and mildly, moderately, and severely obese patients, respectively) and were higher in women than in men.ConclusionsNT-proBNP maintains its independent prognostic value up to 40 kg/m2 BMI, and lower optimal risk-prediction cutoffs are observed in overweight and obese patients.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Gamble, G. R., et al.
(författare)
-
Phenolic constituents in flax bast tissue and inhibition of cellulase and pectinase
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Biotechnology letters. - 0141-5492 .- 1573-6776. ; 22:9, s. 741-746
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flax bast tissue was sequentially extracted using hexane, propanol, methanol and water as solvents and extracts were analyzed using reverse phase HPLC and C-13 NMR. Results indicated a large variety of aromatic constituents including flavonoids and hydroxy-methoxy cinnamic acids linked to oligosaccharides and hydroxy acids through glycosidic linkages. The extracts inhibited cellulase and pectinase activities and can thus influence retting.
|
|
| 19. |
- Gamble, MV, et al.
(författare)
-
Folic acid supplementation lowers blood arsenic
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 86:4, s. 1202-1209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 20. |
- Gumz, Michelle L, et al.
(författare)
-
Toward Precision Medicine : Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure and Chronotherapy for Hypertension - 2021 NHLBI Workshop Report
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Hypertension. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 80:3, s. 503-522
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthy individuals exhibit blood pressure variation over a 24-hour period with higher blood pressure during wakefulness and lower blood pressure during sleep. Loss or disruption of the blood pressure circadian rhythm has been linked to adverse health outcomes, for example, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and chronic kidney disease. However, the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches lack sufficient attention to the circadian rhythmicity of blood pressure. Sleep patterns, hormone release, eating habits, digestion, body temperature, renal and cardiovascular function, and other important host functions as well as gut microbiota exhibit circadian rhythms, and influence circadian rhythms of blood pressure. Potential benefits of nonpharmacologic interventions such as meal timing, and pharmacologic chronotherapeutic interventions, such as the bedtime administration of antihypertensive medications, have recently been suggested in some studies. However, the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm-mediated blood pressure regulation and the efficacy of chronotherapy in hypertension remain unclear. This review summarizes the results of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop convened on October 27 to 29, 2021 to assess knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the study of circadian rhythm of blood pressure and chronotherapy for hypertension.
|
|
| 21. |
- Gärling, Tommy, 1941, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of Performance of Out-of-Home Activities on Affective and Cognitive Subjective Well-Being
- 2009
-
Ingår i: IAREP/SABE konferens "Behavioural Economics, Economic Psychology: Theory and Policy", Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada July 7-11 2009..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research shows that at an individual level, both affective and cognitive subjective well-being (SWB) are partly related to stable, possibly genetically determined personality traits. Other research demonstrates that SWB depends on life circumstances. For instance, indivduals with a higher income tend to have a higher SWB, although SWB does not seem to increase in proportion to increases in income over time. Previous research also provides evidence for the impact activity participation has on SWB. In contrast to life circumstances “happening” to people, performance of activities requires effort, and it has been asserted that performance of activities therefore add to SWB by being instrumental in achieving life goals (cognitive SWB). Performance of activities also lead to enjoyable affective experiences (affective SWB). Previous research has targeted activities that people themselves choose because they feel the activities are important to them. In the present study we investigate the impact on SWB of frequent out-of-home activities which people perform because of obligations, needs, or desires. The extent to which performance of such out-of-home activities increase or reduce SWB would be an important input to societal cost-benefit analyses of policies. In a survey of a population-based sample of 1,330 Swedish citizens, we examine the relationships between affective reactions to performing out-of-door activities (work or school; purchase of non-durables; other purchases; participating in sports, exercise or outdoor activities; participating in hobby, religious, course or club activities; visiting relatives or friends; visiting restaurant, café or entertainment/culture events; picking up or leaving children at school or day-care centre; participating in children’s leisure activities) and their impact on weekly affective SWB, global affective SWB and cognitive SWB. Multiple linear regression analyses yielded effects on SWB of socio-demographic variables (sex, age, income, education, urban vs rural residential area, marital status, children, and employment) consistent with previous research. Most variance was accounted for in cognitive SWB (7%), next most (3%) in global affective SWB and least in weekly affective SWB (2%). In contrast, reported affective reactions to performing the out-of-home activities in the previous week accounted for most variance (30%) in weekly affective SWB, next most (21%) in global affective SWB, and least (12%) in cognitive SWB. The effects of performance of activities on cognitive SWB were fully mediated by global affective SWB and the effects on the latter partially mediated by weekly affective SWB. Approximately 1% to 3 % of the variance in SWB accounted for by the sociodemographic variables was mediated by the affective reactions to performing the out-of-home activities. Taken together the results demonstrate how much more relative to life circumstances SWB depends on enjoyment in performing everyday activities. Furthermore, even though activities or episodes representing enjoyable peak events are better remembered by people and therefore has a positive impact, enjoying the hassles of everyday life appears to also have an important impact on SWB.
|
|
| 22. |
- Nik-Zainal, Serena, et al.
(författare)
-
Mutational Processes Molding the Genomes of 21 Breast Cancers
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-4172 .- 0092-8674. ; 149:5, s. 979-993
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All cancers carry somatic mutations. The patterns of mutation in cancer genomes reflect the DNA damage and repair processes to which cancer cells and their precursors have been exposed. To explore these mechanisms further, we generated catalogs of somatic mutation from 21 breast cancers and applied mathematical methods to extract mutational signatures of the underlying processes. Multiple distinct single- and double-nucleotide substitution signatures were discernible. Cancers with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations exhibited a characteristic combination of substitution mutation signatures and a distinctive profile of deletions. Complex relationships between somatic mutation prevalence and transcription were detected. A remarkable phenomenon of localized hypermutation, termed "kataegis,'' was observed. Regions of kataegis differed between cancers but usually colocalized with somatic rearrangements. Base substitutions in these regions were almost exclusively of cytosine at TpC dinucleotides. The mechanisms underlying most of these mutational signatures are unknown. However, a role for the APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases is proposed.
|
|
| 23. |
- Nik-Zainal, Serena, et al.
(författare)
-
The Life History of 21 Breast Cancers
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-4172 .- 0092-8674. ; 149:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer evolves dynamically as clonal expansions supersede one another driven by shifting selective pressures, mutational processes, and disrupted cancer genes. These processes mark the genome, such that a cancer's life history is encrypted in the somatic mutations present. We developed algorithms to decipher this narrative and applied them to 21 breast cancers. Mutational processes evolve across a cancer's lifespan, with many emerging late but contributing extensive genetic variation. Subclonal diversification is prominent, and most mutations are found in just a fraction of tumor cells. Every tumor has a dominant subclonal lineage, representing more than 50% of tumor cells. Minimal expansion of these subclones occurs until many hundreds to thousands of mutations have accumulated, implying the existence of long-lived, quiescent cell lineages capable of substantial proliferation upon acquisition of enabling genomic changes. Expansion of the dominant subclone to an appreciable mass may therefore represent the final rate-limiting step in a breast cancer's development, triggering diagnosis.
|
|
| 24. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Car-use, Satisfaction with Travel and Subjective Well-Being
- 2009
-
Ingår i: 12th International Conference on Travel Behaviour Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. December 13-18, 2009..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: Previous research demonstrates an impact on subjective well-being (SWB) of affect associated with routine performance of out-of-home activities. A primary aim of the present study is to investigate whether satisfaction with daily travel has a positive impact on SWB, either directly or indirectly through facilitating the performance of out-of-home activities. A secondary aim is to determine whether the use of the car results in higher satisfaction with daily travel than other travel modes, either for emotional and symbolic reasons or because performance of the activities is facilitated. A survey of a population-based sample of 1,330 Swedish citizens included measures of car access and use, satisfaction with daily travel, satisfaction with performance of out-of-home routine activities, and affective and cognitive SWB. The results confirmed that the effect on affective and cognitive SWB of satisfaction with daily travel is both direct and indirect via satisfaction with performance of activities. Percent weekly car use had a small effect on satisfaction with daily travel and on affective SWB, fully mediating the effect of satisfaction with performance of the activities. This speaks to that car use plays a minor role for satisfaction with daily travel and its effect on SWB. This role may be larger if measurements are made after an enforced reduced car use.
|
|
| 25. |
- Vergaro, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiac biomarkers retain prognostic significance in patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1558-2027 .- 1558-2035. ; 23:1, s. 28-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). We assessed the influence of COPD on circulating levels and prognostic value of three HF biomarkers: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), and soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2).Methods: Individual data from patients with chronic HF, known COPD status, NT-proBNP and hs-TnT values (n = 8088) were analysed. A subgroup (n = 3414) had also sST2 values.Results: Patients had a median age of 66 years (interquartile interval 57–74), 77% were men and 82% had HF with reduced ejection fraction. NT-proBNP, hs-TnT and sST2 were 1207 ng/l (487–2725), 17 ng/l (9–31) and 30 ng/ml (22–44), respectively. Patients with COPD (n = 1249, 15%) had higher NT-proBNP (P = 0.042) and hs-TnT (P < 0.001), but not sST2 (P = 0.165). Over a median 2.0-year follow-up (1.5–2.5), 1717 patients (21%) died, and 1298 (16%) died from cardiovascular causes; 2255 patients (28%) were hospitalized for HF over 1.8 years (0.9–2.1). NT-proBNP, hs-TnT and sST2 predicted the three end points regardless of COPD status. The best cut-offs from receiver-operating characteristics analysis were higher in patients with COPD than in those without. Patients with all three biomarkers higher than or equal to end-point- and COPD-status-specific cut-offs were also those with the worst prognosis.Conclusions: Among patients with HF, those with COPD have higher NT-proBNP and hs-TnT, but not sST2. All these biomarkers yield prognostic significance regardless of the COPD status.
|
|
